SOCI A345-001: SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY Dr. Marcus Kondkar

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

SOCI A345-001: SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY Dr. Marcus Kondkar SOCI A345-001: SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY Dr. Marcus Kondkar Spring 2021 Monroe 237 T/TH 11:00 – 12:15 865-2572 Monroe 412 [email protected] Office Hours: W: 12.15 – 2.15 by Zoom and by appointment Course Format This course is HyFlex (in person and via Zoom). We Have a large classroom wHere half the class can meet in person while abiding by the standards we have been given for social distancing. Students witH last names A through M should plan on attending class on Tuesday; N througH Z on THursday. Some of you may be able to attend class in person on botH days of the week. Please talk to me if this is your preference. THose of you wHo are “online only” are not expected to attend eitHer day in person. You sHould all be prepared to go fully online if necessary. Course Description This course focuses on tHe original writings of a number of contemporary social theorists since the classical works of Marx, DurkHeim, Weber, and Simmel. We will examine tHe conceptual tools and tHeoretical propositions advanced in the major paradigms of modern sociological thougHt. After considering the nature and role of theory in social science and briefly examining tHe classical foundations of contemporary sociological tHeory, we will begin a rigorous analysis of the substance and structure of eacH major scHool of tHougHt along a continuum from an empHasis on human agency to an empHasis on social structure. We will discuss a wide range of tHeoretical ideas including pHenomenology and symbolic interactionism, rational-choice and exchange tHeories, conflict tHeory, critical race tHeory, feminist tHeory, ‘motivational’ tHeory, functionalism, neo-Darwinian tHeory, sociobiology, constraint tHeory, and ‘pure sociology.’ We will end tHe course witH a series of interactive tHeory presentations, where we will apply eacH of tHe tHeoretical perspectives to a specific substantive area of social life (ie. criminal beHavior, education, etc.). Course Readings All tHe required readings for tHis course can be accessed via Canvas. They are listed by author and year of publication in the same order as they appear on the reading scHedule. All readings sHould be completed by the assigned dates. Course Requirements Regular and timely attendance at lectures is expected and required. The course will be examined by two midterm exams and a final exam. THe midterm and final exams will consist of sHort answer and essay formats. THe final will be partially compreHensive. Additionally, both independently and as part of a small group, you will be required to do some research on a particular tHeoretical perspective’s application to a substantive area of social life. This theory exercise will involve an in-class (or Zoom) presentation at tHe end of tHe semester. Details will be fortHcoming. The grading scHedule is as follows: • Midterm I (3/2): 25% • Midterm II (4/1): 25% • Theory Presentations (4/29, 5/4): 20% • Final exam (5/11): 30% At tHe end of tHe semester your final grade corresponds to tHe following numerical points: 93-100 = A, 90-92 = A-, 87-89 = B+, 83-86 = B, 80-82 = B-, 77-79 = C+, 73-76 = C, 70-72 = C-, 67-69 = D+, 63-66 = D, 60-62 = D-, 0-59 = F. Policies Regarding Attendance and Missed Exams Regular attendance at lectures is critical to doing well in tHis course. At tHe risk of appearing to be a little autHoritarian, here is an added incentive to come to class: every unexcused absence over one will result in your course grade being 2 reduced by one point. Make-up exams will be given to students who experience a serious illness or a sudden family emergency. If you know tHat you will miss an exam please get in toucH witH me before tHe time of tHe exam. A Reminder about the Office for Accessible Education If you need any accommodations for tests or attendance please contact the Director of tHe Office for Accessible Education (OAE) in tHe Student Success Center (Monroe Library). Note regarding participation: Active and tHougHtful participation in class discussions is an important part of tHe learning experience for everyone in tHe class. Your participation will be taken into account in determining your final grade. Specifically, in cases wHere a student’s grade is borderline between one letter grade and tHe next (e.g., a score of 79 is just short of a B), tHe instructor may award tHe student tHe HigHer grade if tHat student Has a strong record of participation in class discussions. Policies Regarding Attendance, Missed Exams, and Emergencies Regular attendance at lectures is critical to doing well in tHis course. At tHe risk of appearing to be a little autHoritarian, here is an added incentive to come to class: every unexcused absence after one will result in your course grade being reduced by one point. Make-up exams will be given to students who experience a serious illness or a sudden family emergency. If you know tHat you will miss an exam please get in toucH witH me before tHe time of tHe exam. At times, ordinary university operations are interrupted as a result of tropical storms, Hurricanes, or otHer emergencies that require evacuation or suspension of on-campus activities. To prepare for sucH emergencies, all students will do the following during tHe first week of classes: 1. Practice signing on for each course through Canvas. 2. Provide regular and alternative e-mail address and pHone contact information to eacH instructor. In tHe event of an interruption to our course due to tHe result of an emergency requiring an evacuation or suspension of campus activities, students will: 3. Pack textbooks, assignments, syllabi and any otHer needed materials for eacH course ad bring during an evacuation/suspension 4. Keep up witH course work during tHe evacuation/suspension as specified on course syllabi and on-line Canvas courses. 5. Complete any reading and/or writing assignments given by professors before emergency began. Assuming a power source is available.... 6. Log on to university Web site witHin 48 Hours of an evacuation/suspension. 7. Monitor the main university site (www.loyno.edu) for general information. 8. Log on to eacH course tHrougH Canvas or e-mail witHin 48 Hours of an evacuation/suspension to receive furtHer information regarding contacting course instructors for assignments, etc. 9. Complete Canvas and/or otHer online assignments posted by professors (students are required to turn in assignments on time during tHe evacuation/suspension period and once tHe university campus Has reopened.) 10. Contact professors during an evacuation/suspension (or as soon as classes resume on campus) to explain any emergency circumstances tHat may Have prevented tHem from completing expected work. FurtHer information about student responsibilities in emergencies is available on tHe Academic Affairs web site: http://academicaffairs.loyno.edu/students-emergency-responsibilities All students are required to sign on to Canvas and to keep up witH course assignments witHin 48 hours of evacuation and routinely cHeck for announcements and course materials associated witH eacH class. Class Handouts will be posted under “course materials”. Students sHould be familiar witH tHeir responsibilities during emergencies, including pre-evacuation and post-evacuation for Hurricanes. Additional emergency-planning information is also available – http://academicaffairs.loyno.edu/emergency-planning 3 Learning Objectives The learning objectives of tHis course contribute to tHe following broader learning objectives developed by tHe department of Sociology: • Appreciation for tHe discipline of Sociology and its role in contributing to our understanding of social reality. • Understanding how core concepts relate to the development of theories. • Understanding of tHe Historical context of tHe development of sociological tHeories. • Knowledge of major classical and contemporary tHeoretical paradigms. • Ability to apply and evaluate various theoretical paradigms to particular social pHenomena. • Ability to tHink critically about tHe social world. • Ability to identify and tHink critically about one’s own position and tHe positions of otHers on social justice issues. 4 COURSE OUTLINE AND READING SCHEDULE 1/21 TH INTRODUCTION AND ADMINISTRATIVE ISSUES No reading assigned. 1/26 T SOCIOLOGY AS SCIENCE Reading: DaHrendorf, Ralf 1961 “Values and social science: tHe value dispute in perspective.” Pages 1-18 in Essays in tHe THeory of Society. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1968. Black, Donald 2013 “On tHe most inconceivable misunderstandings concerning value-free social science,” British Journal of Sociology, Volume 64, Issue 4. 1/28 TH SOCIOLOGICAL EXPLANATION Reading: Homans, George C. 1967 “Discovery and explanation.” Pages 1-31 in The Nature of Social Science. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World. 2/2 T, 2/4 TH & 2/9 T CLASSICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CONTEMPORARY SOCIOLOGY Reading: Marx, Karl, and FriedricH engels 1888 Manifesto of tHe Communist Party. DurkHeim, emile 1895 Selection from Rules of Sociological MetHod. Weber, Max 1910 Class, Status, Party. 2/11 TH PHENOMENOLOGY: SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM & ETHNOMETHODOLOGY I Reading: Sykes, GresHam M., and David Matza 1957 “TecHniques of neutralization: a tHeory of delinquency.” American Sociological Review 22: 664-670. 2/16 T Mardi Gras Holiday 2/18 TH Take a break/study 5 2/23 T PHENOMENOLOGY: SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM & ETHNOMETHODOLOGY II Reading: Goffmann, erving 1956a “Front,” and “Reality and contrivance.” Pages 22-30, 70-76 in The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. New York Doubleday. 1959 Goffmann, erving 1956b “THe arts of impression management.” Pages 208-214 in The Presentation of Self in everyday Life. New York Doubleday. 1959 West, Candace 1996 “Goffman in Feminist Perspective”. Sociological Perspectives, 39(3), 353–369. Berger, Peter L., and THomas Luckman 1966 Selection from: The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge. Garden City: AncHor Books. 2/25 TH Film: Catch Me If You Can (Netflix from home) 3/2 T MIDTERM I (time-limited open book from home) 11:00 – 12:30 3/4 TH & 3/9 T RATIONAL-CHOICE THEORY & EXCHANGE THEORY Reading: Stark, Rodney 1994 “Rational-choice tHeories of religion.” The Agora 2 (Winter): 1-5.
Recommended publications
  • Argues Physician and Sociologist Nicholas Christakis. I
    Good Despite all evidence to the contrary, “the world is getting better,” argues physician By and sociologist Nicholas Christakis. It’s in our genes. Design By Julia M. Klein hen you think of shipwrecks, you circumstances. Many other shipwrecks— Published in March, and debuting on might imagine the vicious adoles- notably the British explorer Ernest Shack- the New York Times bestseller list, Wcent dystopia of William Golding’s leton’s famously abortive Imperial Trans- Blueprint (Little, Brown Spark) is a sci- Lord of the Flies or the sexual de- Antarctic expedition of 1914-17—off er entifi c manifesto—a fl ag marking a terri- pravities of the Bounty mutineers and stellar examples of leadership and altru- tory of hope during what Christakis con- their descendants on Pitcairn Island. Or, ism. Stranded on desolate Elephant Island cedes is an era of polarization and peril. considering the risks of starvation, you and awaiting rescue, Shackleton’s recruits “It may therefore seem an odd time for might fret over the prospects of cannibal- relied on “friendship, cooperative eff ort, me to advance the view that there is more ism. Such cases have been documented. and an equitable distribution of material that unites us than divides us and that “Two out of the 20!” protests Nicholas resources,” Christakis writes. When the society is basically good,” he writes. “Still, A. Christakis G’92 Gr’95 GM’95, whose valiant Shackleton returned with help to me, these are timeless truths.” ambitious new book, Blueprint: The Evo- more than four months later, all 22 of the Ranging fearlessly across disciplines, lutionary Origins of a Good Society, in- men he’d left behind were still alive.
    [Show full text]
  • Rethinking Health, Culture, and Society: Physician-Scholars in the Social Sciences and Medical Humanities
    Rethinking Health, Culture, and Society: Physician-Scholars in the Social Sciences and Medical Humanities April 21-22, 2007 Chicago, Illinois Saturday, April 21 8:30 am Breakfast and Registration Main Lobby 9:30 am Welcome and Opening Remarks : David Meltzer, M.D., Ph.D. Lecture Room 109 (University of Chicago) 10:00 am Keynote : Nicholas Christakis, M.D., Ph.D. (Harvard University), Lecture Room 109 “The Spread of Obesity in a Large Social Network Over 32 Years” 11:00 am Ten Minute Break 11:10 am Research Presentations SESSION 1A: BIOETHICS AND MEDICAL AUTHORITY Lecture Room 001 Moderator : Puneet Sahota, M.A. (Washington University in St. Louis) Julie R. Severson, Ph.C. (University of Washington), “Conflict in the Clinic: Court-Ordered Cesarean Sections” Brooke Cunningham (University of Pennsylvania), “‘Here We Go Again’: Cultural Memory, Moral Authority, and International Research Ethics” Brian Taylor, M.A. (Ohio State University), “Abraham Cherrix and the Question of the Medical Decision- Making Authority of Adolescents” SESSION 1B: NEW PERSPECTIVES ON HEALTHCARE AND SOCIAL JUSTICE Lecture Room 109 Moderator : Jennifer Karlin (University of Chicago) Jennifer L. Baldwin, M.A., M.P.H. (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), “Designing Disability Services in South Asia: Understanding the Role that Disability Organizations Play in Transforming a Rights-Based Approach to Disability” Sylvia Hood Washington, M.S.E., Ph.D., N.D. (University of Illinois at Chicago), “Historical Interrelationships between Engineering, Infrastructures, and Environmental Health Disparities” Ted Bailey, J.D. (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), “Accommodating Vulnerability: Amartya Sen and Gilles Deleuze on the Ontological Structure of Vulnerability and the Social Ecology of Human Capacity” [email protected] www.med.uiuc.edu/ssmhconf 11:10 am Research Presentations (continued) SESSION 1C: MEDICAL PRACTICE AND SOCIAL POSITION Lecture Room 115 Moderator : Andrea Brandon, M.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Nicholas Alexander Christakis
    page 1 of 38 CURRICULUM VITAE PART I: General Information Date Prepared: January 12, 2020 Name: Nicholas Alexander Christakis Main Office Address: Yale Institute for Network Science P.O. Box 208263 New Haven, CT 06520-8263 E-Mail: [email protected] Websites: www.HumanNatureLab.net www.NicholasChristakis.net Phones: (203) 436-4747 (office) (203) 432-5423 (fax) Education: 1979-84 B.S., Biology, summa cum laude Yale University, New Haven, CT 1984-89 M.D., cum laude Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 1987-88 M.P.H. Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 1991-95 Ph.D., Sociology University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA Postgraduate Training: 1989-91 Resident in Medicine University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 1991-93 Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholar University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 1993-95 National Research Service Award Fellow Department of Sociology and Division of General Internal Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA Nicholas A. Christakis, MD, PhD, MPH page 2 of 38 Licensure and Certification: 1990 Diplomate, National Board of Medical Examiners 1993 Diplomate, American Board of Internal Medicine 2002 Massachusetts License (#212672) 2014 Connecticut License (#53536) Academic Appointments: 1987-88 Teaching Fellow, Department of the History of Science Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 1990-91 Assistant Instructor, Department of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 1991-94 Fellow, Department of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,
    [Show full text]
  • Blueprint: the Evolutionary Origins of a Good Society | Nicholas Christakis I Do Not Mean That Genes Are the Blueprint
    Blueprint: The Evolutionary Origins of a Good Society | Nicholas Christakis I do not mean that genes are the blueprint. I mean that genes act to write March 26th, 2019 the blueprint. A blueprint for social life is the product of our evolution, written INTRODUCTION in the ink of our DNA. ― Nicholas Christakis Nicholas Christakis, MD, PhD, MPH, is a sociologist and physician who conducts research in the areas of social networks and biosocial science. He directs the Human Nature Lab. His current research is mainly focused on two topics: (1) the social, mathematical, and biological rules governing how social networks form (“connection”), and (2) the social and biological implications of how they operate to influence thoughts, feelings, and behaviors (“contagion”). His lab uses both observational and experimental methods to study these phenomena, exploiting techniques from sociology, computer science, biosocial science, demography, statistics, behavior genetics, evolutionary biology, epidemiology, and other fields. To the extent that diverse phenomena can spread within networks in intelligible ways, there are important policy implications since such spread can be exploited to improve the health or other desirable properties of groups (such as cooperation or innovation). Hence, current work in the lab involves conducting field experiments: some work involves the use of large-scale, online network experiments; other work involves large- scale randomized controlled trials in the developing world where networks are painstakingly mapped. Finally, some work in the lab examines the biological determinants and consequences of social interactions and related phenomena, with a particular emphasis on the genetic origins and evolutionary implications of social networks. WHY DO I CARE? I have become increasingly intrigued by what appears to be a resurgence of interest by the public in questions of sociology, evolutionary psychology, and moral philosophy.
    [Show full text]
  • Feminist Twitter and Gender Attitudes: Opportunities and Limitations To
    SRDXXX10.1177/2378023118780760SociusScarborough 780760research-article2018 Original Article Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World Volume 4: 1 –16 © The Author(s) 2018 Feminist Twitter and Gender Attitudes: Reprints and permissions: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Opportunities and Limitations to Using DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/2378023118780760 10.1177/2378023118780760 Twitter in the Study of Public Opinion srd.sagepub.com William J. Scarborough1 Abstract In this study, the author tests whether one form of big data, tweets about feminism, provides a useful measure of public opinion about gender. Through qualitative and naive Bayes sentiment analysis of more than 100,000 tweets, the author calculates region-, state-, and county-level Twitter sentiment toward feminism and tests how strongly these measures correlate with aggregated gender attitudes from the General Social Survey. Then, the author examines whether Twitter sentiment represents the gender attitudes of diverse populations by predicting the effect of Twitter sentiment on individuals’ gender attitudes across race, gender, and education level. The results indicate that Twitter sentiment toward feminism is highly correlated with gender attitudes, suggesting that Twitter is a useful measure of public opinion about gender. However, Twitter sentiment is not fully representative. The gender attitudes of nonwhites and the less educated are unrelated to Twitter sentiment, indicating limits in the extent to which inferences can be drawn from Twitter data. Keywords big data, gender attitudes, Twitter, sentiment analysis, public opinion With or without sociologists, the social sciences are changing. 2017). Already, we are starting to see changes. Economists, As technology has become a more central part of our every- political scientists, and public health scholars have started day lives, there has been an unprecedented increase in the using data from Twitter, Google, and Internet blogs to explore volume of data about nearly all aspects of our existence.
    [Show full text]
  • Nicholas A. Christakis, MD, Phd, MPH, Is a Social Scientist and Physician Who Conducts Research on Social Factors That Affect Health, Health Care, and Longevity
    Nicholas A. Christakis, MD, PhD, MPH, is a social scientist and physician who conducts research on social factors that affect health, health care, and longevity. He directs the Human Nature Lab at Yale University, and is the Co-Director of the Yale Institute for Network Science. He is the Sol Goldman Family Professor of Social and Natural Science at Yale University. Dr. Christakis's current research is focused on the relationship between social networks and health. People are inter-connected, and so their health is inter-connected. This research engages two types of phenomena: the social, mathematical, and biological rules governing how social networks form ("connection"), and the biological and social implications of how they operate to influence thoughts, feelings, and behaviors ("contagion"). His research involves the application of network science and mathematical models to understand the dynamics of health in longitudinally evolving networks. To the extent that health behaviors such as smoking, drinking, or unhealthy eating spread within networks in intelligible ways, there are substantial implications for our understanding of health behavior and health policy. This body of work has also engaged the spread of obesity and of emotional states such as happiness, depression, and loneliness. Other recent work has involved experiments examining the network spread of altruism, here and here. Most recently, he has become interested in the genetics and evolutionary biology of social network structure here, here, and here. His book on the way social networks affect our lives, Connected: The Surprising Power of Our Social Networks and How They Shape Our Lives is available here. This book has been translated into nearly 20 foreign languages, and it has been widely reviewed.
    [Show full text]
  • The Academic Model for the Prevention and Treatment of HIV
    C A S E S I N G L O B A L H E A L T H D ELIVERY GHD-045 JULY 2021 Building the Supply Chain for COVID-19 Vaccines Mid-April 2020 saw a rapid escalation of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the four months after December 2019, when the novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19 was first detected in Wuhan, China, the virus had infected several million people globally, with more than a hundred thousand confirmed deaths (see Exhibit 1 for daily confirmed deaths by country). China and Italy experienced major outbreaks early and saw hospitals flooded with COVID-19 patients, causing major shortages of vital intensive-care materials. To forestall the overburdening of health care resources, more than a dozen major countries imposed strict lockdowns to slow the spread of the disease, or “flatten the curve” (see Exhibit 2 for a map of government responses). Government lockdowns disrupted supply and demand in vital industries including retail, tourism, manufacturing, and services, crippling the global economy. As the massive scale of the crisis became apparent, financial markets began to collapse during February, leading some experts to warn of a potential next Great Depression and governments to announce unprecedented rescue packages to contain the destructive economic impact of the crisis. As governments navigated trade-offs between economic and public health outcomes, a global race had begun for the rapid discovery, production, and distribution of a safe and effective vaccine. The organization of supply chains to manufacture, distribute, and administer a vaccine to a sufficient portion of the 7.6 billion world population to contain the disease, a concept termed “herd immunity,” posed significant challenges.
    [Show full text]
  • Waking up Podcast with Sam Harris Facing the Crowd
    Waking Up Podcast with Sam Harris “Facing the Crowd: A Conversation with Nicholas Christakis” Recorded September 21, 2017 – Broadcast October 9, 2017 https://www.samharris.org/podcast/item/facing-the-crowd Sam Harris: Welcome to the Waking Up Podcast. This is Sam Harris. I am back from London where I did an event with Richard Dawkins and Matt Dillahunty, and have a few more events with those guys coming up. One with Richard and Matt in Vancouver, and three next year with Matt and Lawrence Krauss. Most of you seemed to love the event in London, and it was a great turnout. There were over 3,000 of you. Given the few comments I heard afterwards, I wanted to clarify a few things. I want to differentiate those events from my live podcast tour that's coming up in Live Nation because I think some people are showing up expecting to see a live podcast produced by me where I had complete control over the nature of the conversation. That's not what's happening at those events. In anticipation of Vancouver and the three events I'm doing with Lawrence next year in New York, Chicago, and Phoenix, I will go out to all of you in social media, and do my best to seed the conversations with questions that most interest you. You should know, for my other events coming up in December and beyond – and those events are in Seattle, San Francisco, Boston, DC, and Philadelphia in December and January – those will be live podcasts. There will be abundant Q&A with the audience there.
    [Show full text]
  • Finding Our Way in the Cosmos Physics Faculty Named AAAS Fellows
    March 2012 Finding our way in the cosmos In the spring semester the phys- ics department hosted a three- part lecture series that explored the universe and our place in it. The first event was Wednesday, February 15, when Father José Funes, SJ, Director of the Vati- can Observatory presented a Nieuwland Lec- ture titled, “Why Science and Faith Matter to Each Other.” Dr. Brian Schmidt lecture in Jordan Science Hall on February 27. Father Funes participates in the Inside this issue: unique work for the Catholic church in Rome: the Vatican ating Universe,” was part of the Nobel Prize in Physics, jointly Faculty news & notes 2 Observatory. In this lecture, he Lynch Lecture Series. with Adam Riess and Saul spoke about this crossroads of Perlmutter. Schmidt, who led Research featured on journal 3 science and faith and how im- In 1998, two teams traced back the High-Redshift Supernova covers portant it is to promote dialogue the expansion of the universe Search Team, described this Alumnus launches video series 4 between them. over billions of years and dis- discovery and explained how covered that it was accelerat- astronomers have used obser- NDeRC Forum V 4 The second event featured the ing, a startling discovery that vations to trace our universe's recipient of the 2011 Nobel suggests that more than 70% of history back more than 13 billion years, leading them to Contact information Prize in Physics. Dr. Brian the cosmos is contained in a Schmidt, of Australian National previously unknown form of ponder the ultimate fate of the Phone: 574-631-6386 matter, called Dark Energy.
    [Show full text]
  • Examining the State of the Social Sciences, Amanda Goodall And
    S E NT UE EDUARDO F EDUARDO Time for a makeover? Examining the state of the social sciences, Amanda Goodall and Andrew Oswald conclude that researchers in stagnant, silo-bound subjects do not address mankind’s most pressing issues and that the discipline needs a shake-up 34 Times Higher Education 9 October 2014 9 October 2014 Times Higher Education 35 brave, intriguing and fiery op-ed article his work with James Fowler of the University in fields such as sociology and economics. approximately 20,000 articles last year. This oxytocin or the nature of herd behaviour in appeared last year in The New York of California, San Diego, which has promul- So Christakis, who visits the UK later this implies that one new journal article on zebrafish. Yet students would be fascinated A Times. Written by Nicholas Christakis, gated the memorable idea that it is your month to present his research and debate his economics is published every 25 minutes – even by these and the many other findings of the it was highly critical of the way that modern friends who are making you fat (because they ideas on the state of social science, is an inter- on Christmas Day. This iceberg-like immensity natural sciences that could form a vital adjunct social science is done. The headline – “Let’s are fat too and you compare yourself to them esting man with an arresting CV. But does this of the modern social sciences means that it is to their knowledge of social scientific issues. Shake Up the Social Sciences” – captured its – not because they take you out to great make him right? We are inclined to believe going to be difficult to say anything coherent If you do not believe us, type these phrases spirit, and it spawned grumpy postings on restaurants).
    [Show full text]
  • By Elizabeth Gudrais 44 May - June 2010 Connected by Links (Also Called Ties)
    NetworkedNicholas Christakis Exploring the weblike structures that underlie everything from friendship to cellular behavior f a campaign volunteer shows up at your door, urging tools for predicting stock-price trends, designing transportation Iyou to vote in an upcoming election, you are 10 percent more systems, and detecting cancer. likely to go to the polls—and others in your household are 6 It used to be that sociologists studied networks of people, percent more likely to vote. When you try to recall an unfamiliar while physicists and computer scientists studied different kinds word, the likelihood you’ll remember it depends partly on its po- of networks in their own fields. But as social scientists sought to sition in a network of words that sound similar. And when a cell understand larger, more sophisticated networks, they looked to in your body develops a cancerous mutation, its daughter cells physics for methods suited to this complexity. And it is a two- will carry that mutation; whether you get cancer depends largely way street: network science “is one of the rare areas where you on that cell’s position in the network of cellular reproduction. see physicists and molecular biologists respectfully citing the However unrelated these phenomena may seem, a single schol- work of social scientists and borrowing their ideas,” says Nicho- arly field has helped illuminate all of them. The study of networks las Christakis, a physician and medical sociologist and coauthor can illustrate how viruses, opinions, and news spread from per- of Connected: The Surprising Power of Our Social Networks and How They son to person—and can make it possible to track the spread of Shape Our Lives (2009).
    [Show full text]
  • City Research Online
    City Research Online City, University of London Institutional Repository Citation: Goodall, A. H. and Oswald, A. (2014). Do the social sciences need a makeover?. Times Higher Education, This is the accepted version of the paper. This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link: https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/16922/ Link to published version: Copyright: City Research Online aims to make research outputs of City, University of London available to a wider audience. Copyright and Moral Rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyright holders. URLs from City Research Online may be freely distributed and linked to. Reuse: Copies of full items can be used for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge. Provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. City Research Online: http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/ [email protected] Shaking up the social sciences: by Amanda Goodall (Cass Business School, City University, and Andrew Oswald (Department of Economics, University of Warwick). A brave, intriguing and fiery op-ed article appeared last year in the New York Times. Written by Professor Nicholas Christakis, the article was highly critical of the way that modern social science is done. The title captured the spirit. “It’s time to shake up the social sciences.” His article spawned grumpy postings on blogs across the world. Christakis visits the UK soon.
    [Show full text]