Identification of Immunogenic Antigens of Helicobacter Pylori Via The
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Potential of Bacterial Cellulose Chemisorbed with Anti-Metabolites, 3-Bromopyruvate Or Sertraline, to Fight Against Helicobacter Pylori Lawn Biofilm
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Potential of Bacterial Cellulose Chemisorbed with Anti-Metabolites, 3-Bromopyruvate or Sertraline, to Fight against Helicobacter pylori Lawn Biofilm Paweł Krzy˙zek 1,* , Gra˙zynaGo´sciniak 1 , Karol Fijałkowski 2 , Paweł Migdał 3 , Mariusz Dziadas 4 , Artur Owczarek 5 , Joanna Czajkowska 6, Olga Aniołek 7 and Adam Junka 8 1 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; [email protected] 2 Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland; karol.fi[email protected] 3 Department of Environment, Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland; [email protected] 4 Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, 50-353 Wroclaw, Poland; [email protected] 5 Department of Drug Form Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; [email protected] 6 Laboratory of Microbiology, Polish Center for Technology Development PORT, 54-066 Wroclaw, Poland; [email protected] 7 Faculty of Medicine, Lazarski University, 02-662 Warsaw, Poland; [email protected] 8 Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 23 November 2020; Accepted: 11 December 2020; Published: 14 December 2020 Abstract: Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium known mainly of its ability to cause persistent inflammations of the human stomach, resulting in peptic ulcer diseases and gastric cancers. Continuous exposure of this bacterium to antibiotics has resulted in high detection of multidrug-resistant strains and difficulties in obtaining a therapeutic effect. -
Gastroenteritis and Transmission of Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Households1 Sharon Perry,* Maria De La Luz Sanchez,* Shufang Yang,* Thomas D
Gastroenteritis and Transmission of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Households1 Sharon Perry,* Maria de la Luz Sanchez,* Shufang Yang,* Thomas D. Haggerty,* Philip Hurst,† Guillermo Perez-Perez,‡ and Julie Parsonnet* The mode of transmission of Helicobacter pylori gastrointestinal infections, infection is associated with infection is poorly characterized. In northern California, conditions of crowding and poor hygiene (7,8) and with 2,752 household members were tested for H. pylori infec- intrafamilial clustering (9–12). The organism has been tion in serum or stool at a baseline visit and 3 months later. recovered most reliably from vomitus and from stools dur- Among 1,752 person considered uninfected at baseline, ing rapid gastrointestinal transit (13). These findings raise 30 new infections (7 definite, 7 probable, and 16 possible) occurred, for an annual incidence of 7% overall and 21% the hypothesis that gastroenteritis episodes provide the in children <2 years of age. Exposure to an infected opportunity for H. pylori transmission. household member with gastroenteritis was associated Household transmission of gastroenteritis is common in with a 4.8-fold (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4–17.1) the United States, particularly in homes with small chil- increased risk for definite or probable new infection, with dren (14). If H. pylori is transmitted person to person, one vomiting a greater risk factor (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] might expect rates of new infection to be elevated after 6.3, CI 1.6–24.5) than diarrhea only (AOR 3.0, p = 0.65). exposure to persons with H. pylori–infected cases of gas- Of probable or definite new infections, 75% were attributa- troenteritis. -
E. Coli: Serotypes Other Than O157:H7 Prepared by Zuber Mulla, BA, MSPH DOH, Regional Epidemiologist
E. coli: Serotypes other than O157:H7 Prepared by Zuber Mulla, BA, MSPH DOH, Regional Epidemiologist Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the predominant nonpathogenic facultative flora of the human intestine [1]. However, several strains of E. coli have developed the ability to cause disease in humans. Strains of E. coli that cause gastroenteritis in humans can be grouped into six categories: enteroaggregative (EAEC), enterohemorrhagic (EHEC), enteroinvasive (EIEC), enteropathogenic (EPEC), enterotoxigenic (ETEC), and diffuse adherent (DAEC). Pathogenic E. coli are serotyped on the basis of their O (somatic), H (flagellar), and K (capsular) surface antigen profiles [1]. Each of the six categories listed above has a different pathogenesis and comprises a different set of O:H serotypes [2]. In Florida, gastrointestinal illness caused by E. coli is reportable in two categories: E. coli O157:H7 or E. coli, other. In 1997, 52 cases of E. coli O157:H7 and seven cases of E. coli, other (known serotype), were reported to the Florida Department of Health [3]. Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) - EAEC has been associated with persistent diarrhea (>14 days), especially in developing countries [1]. The diarrhea is usually watery, secretory and not accompanied by fever or vomiting [1]. The incubation period has been estimated to be 20 to 48 hours [2]. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) - While the main EHEC serotype is E. coli O157:H7 (see July 24, 1998, issue of the “Epi Update”), other serotypes such as O111:H8 and O104:H21 are diarrheogenic in humans [2]. EHEC excrete potent toxins called verotoxins or Shiga toxins (so called because of their close resemblance to the Shiga toxin of Shigella dysenteriae 1This group of organisms is often referred to as Shiga toxin-producing E. -
1 Is Helicobacter Pylori Good for You?
University of Maryland School of Medicine A Third Century Is Helicobacter pylori Good for You? To Treat or Not to Treat, That is the Question Steven J. Czinn, M.D. Professor and Chair University of Maryland School of Medicine Department of Pediatrics Baltimore, Maryland America’s Oldest Public Medical School - USA Where Discovery Transforms Medicine Learning Objectives Disclosure • To demonstrate that H. pylori is responsible In the past 12 months, I have had no relevant for a significant portion of gastroduodenal financial relationships with the disease. manufacturer(s) of any commercial product(s) • To understand how the host immune response and/or provider(s) of commercial services contributes to Helicobacter associated discussed in this CME activity. disease. • To understand how the host immune response to Helicobacter infection might prevent asthma. • To understand which patient populations should be treated. H. pylori is an Important Human Pathogen World-Wide Prevalence of H. pylori • H. pylori is a gram negative microaerophilic bacterium that selectively colonizes the stomach. 70% 80% • It infects about 50% of the world’s population. 30% 70% 30% 50% • It is classically considered a non-invasive organism, 40% 50% 70% 70% • There is a vigorous innate and adaptive immune 70% 90% response and inflammation that is Th1 predominant 70% and includes (chronic) lymphocyte and (active) 90% 80% 80% 70% neutrophil components. 20% • Despite this response the bacterium generally persists for the life of the host. Marshall, 1995 JAMA 274:1064 1 Natural History of H. pylori infection Eradicating H. pylori Treats or Prevents: Colon Gastric cancer??? Initial infection (in childhood) Adenocarcinoma Nonulcer Chronic gastritis (universal) Dyspepsia H. -
Helicobacter Spp. — Food- Or Waterborne Pathogens?
FRI FOOD SAFETY REVIEWS Helicobacter spp. — Food- or Waterborne Pathogens? M. Ellin Doyle Food Research Institute University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison WI 53706 Contents34B Introduction....................................................................................................................................1 Virulence Factors ...........................................................................................................................2 Associated Diseases .......................................................................................................................2 Gastrointestinal Disease .........................................................................................................2 Neurological Disease..............................................................................................................3 Other Diseases........................................................................................................................4 Epidemiology.................................................................................................................................4 Prevalence..............................................................................................................................4 Transmission ..........................................................................................................................4 Summary .......................................................................................................................................5 -
Screening Practices for Infectious Diseases Among Burmese Refugees in Australia Nadia J
Screening Practices for Infectious Diseases among Burmese Refugees in Australia Nadia J. Chaves,1 Katherine B. Gibney,1 Karin Leder, Daniel P. O’Brien, Caroline Marshall, and Beverley-Ann Biggs Increasing numbers of refugees from Burma (Myan- eases Service outpatient clinics at the Royal Melbourne mar) are resettling in Western countries. We performed a Hospital, Australia, during January 1, 2004–December retrospective study of 156 Burmese refugees at an Austra- 31, 2008. Patients were identifi ed through the hospital lian teaching hospital. Of those tested, Helicobacter pylori registration database, and medical, pathologic, radiolog- infection affected 80%, latent tuberculosis 70%, vitamin D ic, and pharmacologic records were reviewed. Screening defi ciency 37%, and strongyloidiasis 26%. Treating these tests audited included those suggested by the Australasian diseases can prevent long-term illness. Society for Infectious Diseases refugee screening guide- lines (5), along with vitamin D and hematologic studies. urma (Myanmar) has been the most common country These latter tests included full blood count, mean corpus- Bof origin for refugees who have recently resettled in cular volume, and platelet count. Investigations were per- the United States and Australia (1,2). Before resettling in formed at the discretion of the treating doctor, and not all Australia, most refugees undergo testing for HIV, have a tests were performed for each patient. Time was calculated chest radiograph to exclude active tuberculosis (TB), and from time of arrival in Australia to fi rst clinic attendance. may undergo other testing, depending on exposure risk. The results of serologic tests and QuantiFERON-TB Gold Many refugees also receive a health check and treatment tests (QFT-G; Cellestis Limited, Carnegie, Victoria, Aus- for malaria and stool parasites within 72 hours of departure tralia), were interpreted according to the manufacturers’ for Australia (3,4). -
Escherichia Coli O157:H7 And
SCHOOL HEALTH/ CHILDCARE PROVIDER E. COLI O157:H7 INFECTION AND HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME (HUS) Reportable to local or state health department Consult the health department before posting or distributing the Parent/Guardian fact sheet. CAUSE E. coli O157:H7 bacteria. SYMPTOMS Watery or severe bloody diarrhea, stomach cramps, and low-grade fever. Symptoms usually last 5 to 10 days. Some infected persons may have mild symptoms or may have no symptoms. In some instances, infection with E. coli O157:H7 may result in widespread breakdown of red blood cells leading to Hemolytic Uremia Syndrome (HUS). HUS affects the kidneys and the ability of blood to clot; it is more common in children under 5 years old and the elderly. SPREAD E. coli bacteria leave the body through the stool of an infected person and enter another person when hands, food, or objects (such as toys) contaminated with stool are placed in the mouth. Spread can occur when people do not wash their hands after using the toilet or changing diapers. Cattle are also a source of these bacteria and people can be infected with E. coli O157:H7 through eating contaminated beef, eating fresh produce contaminated by cattle feces, or through contact with cattle or the farm environment. INCUBATION It takes from 1 to 8 days, usually about 3 to 4 days, from the time a person is exposed until symptoms develop. CONTAGIOUS As long as E. coli O157:H7 bacteria are present in the stool (even in the absence PERIOD of symptoms), a person can pass the bacteria to other people. -
Molecular Determinants of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli Heat-Stable Toxin Secretion and 3 Delivery 4 5 Yuehui Zhu1a, Qingwei Luo1a, Sierra M
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/299313; this version posted April 11, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Title 2 Molecular determinants of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heat-stable toxin secretion and 3 delivery 4 5 Yuehui Zhu1a, Qingwei Luo1a, Sierra M. Davis1, Chase Westra1b, Tim J. Vickers1, and James M. 6 Fleckenstein1, 2. 7 8 9 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of 10 Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, 2Medicine Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical 11 Center, Saint Louis, Missouri. 12 13 athese authors contributed equally to the development of this manuscript 14 15 bpresent author address: 16 University of Illinois College of Medicine 17 Chicago, Illinois 18 19 Correspondence: 20 21 James M. Fleckenstein 22 Division of Infectious Diseases 23 Department of Medicine 24 Washington University School of Medicine 25 Campus box 8051 26 660 South Euclid Avenue 27 Saint Louis, Missouri 63110. 28 29 p 314-362-9218 30 [email protected] 31 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/299313; this version posted April 11, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 32 Abstract 33 Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), a heterogeneous diarrheal pathovar defined by 34 production of heat-labile (LT) and/or heat-stable (ST) toxins, remain major causes of mortality 35 among children in developing regions, and cause substantial morbidity in individuals living in or 36 traveling to endemic areas. -
Enterotoxigenic E. Coli (Etec)
ENTEROTOXIGENIC E. COLI (ETEC) Escherichia coli (E. coli) are bacteria that are found in the environment, food, and the intestines of animals and people. Most types of E. coli are harmless and are an important part of the digestive tract, but some can make you sick. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) is a type of E. coli bacteria that can cause diarrhea. Anyone can become infected with ETEC. It is a common cause of diarrhea in developing countries especially among children and travelers to those countries. However, even people who do not leave the United States can get sick with ETEC infection. What causes it? ETEC is spread in food or water that is contaminated with feces (poop). If people do not wash their hands when preparing food or beverages, or if crops are watered using contaminated water, food can become contaminated with feces. What are the signs and symptoms? Symptoms can be seen as soon as 10 hours after being infected with ETEC, or may take up to 72 hours to appear. Symptoms usually last less than five days, but may last longer. Sometimes people can have ETEC and not have any symptoms. ETEC is not easy to test for in feces. Watery diarrhea (without blood or mucus) Dehydration Stomach cramps Weakness Vomiting Fever (may or may not be present) What are the treatment options? People who are sick with ETEC may need to be given fluids so they do not become dehydrated. Most people recover with supportive care alone and do not need other treatment. If an antibiotic is needed, testing should be done to see what kind of antibiotic will work against the particular strain of ETEC. -
Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae a Microbiological Overview of (CRE) Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae
PREVENTION IN ACTION MY bugaboo Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae A microbiological overview of (CRE) carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. by Irena KennelEy, PhD, aPRN-BC, CIC This agar culture plate grew colonies of Enterobacter cloacae that were both characteristically rough and smooth in appearance. PHOTO COURTESY of CDC. GREETINGS, FELLOW INFECTION PREVENTIONISTS! THE SCIENCE OF infectious diseases involves hundreds of bac- (the “bug parade”). Too much information makes it difficult to teria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. The amount of information tease out what is important and directly applicable to practice. available about microbial organisms poses a special problem This quarter’s My Bugaboo column will feature details on the CRE to infection preventionists. Obviously, the impact of microbial family of bacteria. The intention is to convey succinct information disease cannot be overstated. Traditionally the teaching of to busy infection preventionists for common etiologic agents of microbiology has been based mostly on memorization of facts healthcare-associated infections. 30 | SUMMER 2013 | Prevention MULTIDRUG-resistant GRAM-NEGative ROD ALert: After initial outbreaks in the northeastern U.S., CRE bacteria have THE CDC SAYS WE MUST ACT NOW! emerged in multiple species of Gram-negative rods worldwide. They Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections come have created significant clinical challenges for clinicians because they from bacteria normally found in a healthy person’s digestive tract. are not consistently identified by routine screening methods and are CRE bacteria have been associated with the use of medical devices highly drug-resistant, resulting in delays in effective treatment and a such as: intravenous catheters, ventilators, urinary catheters, and high rate of clinical failures. -
Pathogenesis and Evolution of Virulence in Enteropathogenic and Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli
Pathogenesis and evolution of virulence in enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Michael S. Donnenberg, Thomas S. Whittam J Clin Invest. 2001;107(5):539-548. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI12404. Perspective Escherichia coli, a venerable workhorse for biochemical and genetic studies and for the large-scale production of recombinant proteins, is one of the most intensively studied of all organisms. The natural habitat of E. coli is the gastrointestinal tract of warm-blooded animals, and in humans, this species is the most common facultative anaerobe in the gut. Although most strains exist as harmless symbionts, there are many pathogenic E. coli strains that can cause a variety of diseases in animals and humans. In addition, from an evolutionary perspective, strains of the genus Shigella are so closely related phylogenetically that they are included in the group of organisms recognized as E. coli (1, 2). Pathogenic E. coli strains differ from those that predominate in the enteric flora of healthy individuals in that they are more likely to express virulence factors — molecules directly involved in pathogenesis but ancillary to normal metabolic functions. Expression of these virulence factors disrupts the normal host physiology and elicits disease. In addition to their role in disease processes, virulence factors presumably enable the pathogens to exploit their hosts in ways unavailable to commensal strains, and thus to spread and persist in the bacterial community. It is a mistake to think of E. coli as a homogenous species. Most genes, even those encoding conserved metabolic functions, are polymorphic, with […] Find the latest version: https://jci.me/12404/pdf PERSPECTIVE SERIES Bacterial polymorphisms Martin J. -
Escherichia Coli (E. Coli) What Are E
Escherichia coli (E. coli) What are E. coli? E. coli are a large and diverse group of bacteria. Although most strains of E. coli are harmless, others can make people sick. Some kinds of E. coli cause disease by making a toxin called Shiga toxin. The bacteria that make these toxins are called “Shiga toxin-producing E. coli”, or STEC for short. STEC bacteria live in the intestines of many animals and are usually transmitted to people when they eat foods contaminated with the bacteria. The most commonly reported type of STEC in the United States is O157. Other STEC are called non-O157. Some types of STEC frequently cause severe disease, including bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome, which is a type of Medical illustration of E. coli bacteria kidney failure. How common is STEC Who gets infected with STEC? infection? People of any age can become infected with STEC. Groups at highest risk for severe illness include: An estimated 265,000 • Children younger than 5 years STEC infections occur • Adults older than 65 • People with weakened immune systems, such as each year in the United people with HIV, diabetes, or undergoing cancer States. STEC O157 causes treatment about 36% of them. What are the complications of STEC infection? CDC estimates that Most people recover after 5 to 7 days. However, STEC causes 3,600 U.S. around 5–10% of people with STEC O157 infection develop a potentially life-threatening complication hospitalizations and known as hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), a type 30 deaths each year. of kidney failure.