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Grafički fakultet Maja Turčić OPTIMIZACIJA MATEMATIČKOGA SLOGA U E-KNJIGAMA DOKTORSKI RAD Zagreb, 2017. Grafički fakultet Maja Turčić OPTIMIZACIJA MATEMATIČKOGA SLOGA U E-KNJIGAMA DOKTORSKI RAD Mentor: prof. dr. sc. Klaudio Pap Zagreb, 2017. Faculty of Graphic Arts Maja Turčić MATHEMATICAL TYPESETTING OPTIMIZATION IN E-BOOKS DOCTORAL THESIS Supervisor: prof. dr. sc. Klaudio Pap Zagreb, 2017. UDK BROJ: 655.28.022.2:51:02:004 Povjerenstvo za ocjenu doktorskog rada: 1. prof. dr. sc. Nikola Mrvac, Sveučilište u Zagrebu Grafički fakultet, predsjednik 2. doc. dr. sc. Nikolina Stanić Loknar, Sveučilište u Zagrebu Grafički fakultet, članica 3. izv. prof. dr. sc. Damir Vusić, Sveučilište Sjever, Koprivnica, vanjski član Povjerenstvo za obranu doktorskog rada: 1. prof. dr. sc. Nikola Mrvac, Sveučilište u Zagrebu Grafički fakultet, predsjednik 2. izv. prof. dr. sc. Ivana Žiljak Stanimirović, Sveučilište u Zagrebu Grafički fakultet, članica 3. izv. prof. dr. sc. Damir Vusić, Sveučilište Sjever, Koprivnica, vanjski član Mentor: prof. dr. sc. Klaudio Pap, Sveučilište u Zagrebu Grafički fakultet Datum obrane doktorskog rada: 13. ožujak 2017. MjEsto obranE doktorskog rada: Sveučilište u Zagrebu Grafički fakultet Povjerenstvo za obranu doktorskog rada donijElo jE sljEdEću odluku: „Obranila s ocjenom summa cum laude (s najvećom pohvalom) jednoglasnom odlukom Povjerenstva“ SAŽETAK Ključne riječi: e-knjiga, matematički slog, pristupačnost, dinamički prijelom Razvojem tehnologije e-knjiga i važnosti semantike prilikom izrade sadržaja postavlja se problem optimizacije matematičkog sloga i njegova prijeloma kako bi se omogućila čitljivost i pristupačnost takvog tipa sadržaja na različitim platformama e-čitača. Tijekom istraživanja pokazalo se da se autori često koriste slikama za prikaz matematičkih formula ili primjenjuju rješenja koja ne opisuju sadržaj semantički ispravno, što je neupotrebljivo za dinamički matematički slog. U cilju postizanja optimalnoga matematičkog dinamičkog sloga u e-knjigama analiziraju se postojeći formati e-knjiga te se istražuju načini kreiranja i ugrađivanja semantički ispravnog i pristupačnog matematičkog sadržaja u e-knjigu. U radu se predlaže proces izrade semantički ispravnoga matematičkog sadržaja u e-knjigama primjenom odgovarajućih skriptnih i označnih jezika, što poboljšava pristupačnost, tečnost i razvitak naprednih načina korištenja e-čitačima te olakšano arhiviranje i konverziju u druge formate. U radu se istražuju pojedini problemi različitih prikazanih tehnologija e-čitača te se nude rješenja za postizanje dinamičkog i tipografski oblikovanog, pristupačnog matematičkog sloga. ABSTRACT Key words: e-book, mathematical layout, accessibility, dynamic layout With the development of e-book technology and the importance of semantics while creating content, a problem of mathematical type optimization and its layout is presented in order to enable readability and accessibility of that kind of content on different platforms of e-readers. Research shows that authors often use images for displaying mathematical formulae or use semantically incorrect markup which is unusable for fluid mathematical layout. In order to achieve optimal dynamic mathematical layout, available e-book formats are analyzed, different kinds of creating and embedding of semantically correct and accessible mathematical content in e-books are researched. This research proposes a process of creating semantically correct mathematical content through the use of adequate script and markup languages, thus enhancing accessibility, fluidity and development of advanced ways of using e-readers, easier archiving and format conversions. This research also examines specific problems of different e-reader renderers and solutions are offered for achieving dynamic and typographically formatted, accessible mathematical layout. SADRŽAJ 1. UVOD .................................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Pregled dosadašnjih istraživanja .................................................................................... 3 1.2. Cilj i hipoteze .................................................................................................................. 6 1.3. Očekivani znanstveni doprinos ...................................................................................... 7 1.4. Metodologija i plan istraživanja ..................................................................................... 8 2. ANALIZA FORMATA E-KNJIGA ............................................................................ 11 2.1. Format Mobipocket ..................................................................................................... 12 2.2. Format AZW (Amazon Kindle format) .......................................................................... 14 2.3. Format KF8 (Kindle Format 8) ...................................................................................... 15 2.4. Format EPUB ................................................................................................................ 17 2.5. Format EPUB 2 ............................................................................................................. 18 2.6. Format EPUB 3 ............................................................................................................. 19 2.7. Format iBooks (IBA) ..................................................................................................... 22 2.8. Format PDF (Portable Document Format) ................................................................... 24 2.9. Evaluacija pristupačnosti formata i uređaja ................................................................. 26 3. ANALIZA PRISTUPAČNOSTI E-ČITAČA ................................................................. 28 4. KREIRANJE E-KNJIGA RAZLIČITIH FORMATA ....................................................... 30 5. USPOREDBA FORMATA E-KNJIGA PREMA DEFINIRANIM PARAMETRIMA OPTIMALNOGA MATEMATIČKOG SLOGA ................................................................... 32 6. KREIRANJE MODELA E-KNJIGE STANDARDOM EPUB 3 ........................................ 37 6.1. Dokument package ...................................................................................................... 41 6.2. Metapodaci .................................................................................................................. 43 6.3. Elementi za popis izvora publikacije i slijed čitanja – manifest i spine ......................... 45 6.4. Navigacijski dokument ................................................................................................. 46 6.5. Validacija ...................................................................................................................... 48 6.6. Analiza softverskih alata za kreiranje EPUB e-knjiga .................................................... 49 7. STANDARDI UGRAĐIVANJA MATEMATIČKIH FORMULA U E-KNJIGE ................... 52 7.1. Ugrađivanje matematičkog sloga u obliku slika u e-knjige .......................................... 54 7.2. Usporedba pristupačnosti matematičkog sloga u obliku slika u e-knjigama ............... 56 8. UGRAĐIVANJE MATEMATIČKOG SLOGA U E-KNJIGE PUTEM JEZIKA MATHML .... 59 8.1. Analiza softverskih alata za kreiranje matematičkih izraza u jeziku MathML .............. 61 8.2. Analiza pristupačnosti sadržaja oblikovanog jezikom MathML ................................... 64 8.3. Analiza i komparacija primjera e-knjiga s ugrađenim matematičkim sadržajem ......... 66 9. EKSPERIMENTALNA RJEŠENJA PRIKAZA MATEMATIČKOG SLOGA U EPUB E-KNJIZI NA STANDARDNIM E-ČITAČIMA ................................................................................ 69 9.1. Eksperimentalno rješenje za e-čitač EPUBReader ....................................................... 70 9.2. Eksperimentalno rješenje za e-čitač Apple iBooks ....................................................... 79 9.3. Eksperimentalno rješenje za e-čitač Adobe Digital Editions ........................................ 83 9.4. Eksperimentalno rješenje za e-čitač Readium verzije 2.16.X ....................................... 86 9.5. Eksperimentalno rješenje za IDEAL Group Reader na platformi Android i e-čitač Calibre na platformi Windows i OS X ........................................................................................ 93 10. EKSPERIMENTALNI REZULTATI I ANALIZA ....................................................... 99 10.1. Analiza podrške MathML-a ........................................................................................ 100 10.2. Analiza metode kreiranja semantički pravilnoga matematičkog sloga ...................... 101 10.3. Dinamičko traženje točke prijeloma u matematičkom slogu ..................................... 102 10.4. Oblikovanje dinamičkoga matematičkog prijeloma ................................................... 103 10.5. Pristupačnost matematičkog sloga u e-knjigama ...................................................... 105 11. ZAKLJUČAK .................................................................................................... 108 12. LITERATURA .................................................................................................. 112 13. POPIS SLIKA I TABLICA ................................................................................... 119 14. PRILOZI ......................................................................................................... 122 14.1. SADRŽAJ DOKUMENTA PACKAGE.OPF ......................................................................
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