South Cumberland Plateau Conservation Opportunity Area
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Interpretation of Cumberland Escarpment and Highland Rim, South-Central Tennessee and Northeast Alabama
Interpretation of Cumberland Escarpment and Highland Rim, South-Central Tennessee and Northeast Alabama GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 524-C Interpretation of Cumberland Escarpment and Highland Rim, South-Central Tennessee and Northeast Alabama By JOHN T. HACK SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 524-C Theories of landscape origin are compared using as an example an area of gently dipping rocks that differ in their resistance to erosion UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1966 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 CONTENTS Page Page Abstract___________________________________________ C1 Cumberland Plateau and Highland Rim as a system in Introduction_______________________________________ 1 equilibrium______________________________________ C7 General description of area___________________________ 1 Valleys and coves of the Cumberland Escarpment___ 7 Cumberland Plateau and Highland Rim as dissected and Surficial deposits of the Highland Rim____________ 10 deformed peneplains _____________________ ,... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 Elk River profile_______________________________ 12 Objections to the peneplain theory____________________ 5 Paint Rock Creek profile________________________ 14 Eastern Highland Rim Plateau as a modern peneplain__ 6 Conclusions________________________________________ 14 Equilibrium concept -
Frequency of Missing Legs in the Cave Cricket, Hadenoecus Subterraneus
Plattsburgh State University of New York Volume 6 (2013) Frequency of missing legs in the cave cricket, Hadenoecus subterraneus Mohammed Chandooa, Elizabeth Lavoiea, Utsav Pandeya, and Suganthi Thirunavukarasua Faculty Mentors: Kathleen H. Lavoiea, Thomas Wolosza, and Kurt Helfb. aSUNY College at Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 ([email protected]) cCumberland-Piedmont Network, National Park Service, Mammoth Cave, KY 42259 ([email protected]) ABSTRACT The cave cricket (Hadenoecus subterraneus) is a keystone species in maintaining biological diversity in cave communities in Mammoth Cave National Park. Crickets must leave the cave to forage on nights when conditions are favorable, which puts them at considerable risk of predation. Invertebrates have developed defenses for predation, including autotomy (voluntary loss of a limb). We hypothesize that missing legs are a sign of predation pressure on the crickets, and may be vary in different environments. We used a visual census to record the sex-specific frequency of missing legs among adult cave crickets at eight different cave entrances. We expected males to be missing legs more than females because they must leave the cave refuge to forage more frequently than females; however, we found that males and females were missing legs in equal numbers. The hind leg was missing with greater frequency than other limbs, likely the result of cricket predator avoidance behavior (jumping), which puts the larger hind limb closest to the predator. The frequency of crickets with missing limbs varied among cave entrances from a low of 6.6% to a high of nearly 40%, with abundance varying yearly. In Frozen Niagara, which consistently had a high proportion of crickets missing legs, the percentage missing legs was highest in crickets roosting closer to the entrance (30.8%) than deeper (18.7%) into the cave. -
Examining Possible Foraging Differences in Urban and Rural Cave Cricket Populations: Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Ratios (Δ13c, Δ15n) As Indicators of Trophic Level
Examining possible foraging differences in urban and rural cave cricket populations: Carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (δ13C, δ15N) as indicators of trophic level Steven J. Taylor1, Jean K. Krejca2, and Keith C. Hackley3 1Division of Biodiversity and Ecological Entomology, Illinois Natural History Survey, 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, IL 61820 ( [email protected] phone: 217-649-0240 ) 2Zara Environmental, LLC, Buda, TX 78610 ( [email protected] phone: 512-295-5333 ) 3Isotope Geochemistry Laboratory, Illinois State Geological Survey, 615 E Peabody Dr., Champaign, IL 61820 ( [email protected] phone: 217-244-2396 ) 30 November 2007 Illinois Natural History Survey Technical Report 2007 (59) prepared for: Attn: Dr. C. Craig Farquhar Section 6 Grant Program Coordinator, Wildlife Division Texas Parks and Wildlife Department 4200 Smith School Road, Austin, Texas 78744 USA Cover: Cicurina varians (Araneae) in web in Surprise Sink, Bexar County, Texas. Note Pseudosinella violenta (Collembola) in lower left and fresh fecal pellets of Ceuthophilus sp. to left of center. Photo by Jean K. Krejca. Abstract The energy regime in small Texas caves differs significantly from many caves of the better studied eastern United States in that surface-foraging cave crickets (Ceuthophilus secretus and Ceuthophilus “species B”) are major contributors to these systems. The federally listed endangered cave invertebrates of Travis, Williamson, and Bexar counties, Texas, are dependent on these crickets to transport energy from the surface to the cave environment. Using stable isotope analysis in combination with in- cave counts of animal life we examined foraging differences between S. invicata and cave cricket populations in nine caves chosen based on their low, medium, and high levels of human impact. -
Chapter 40. Appalachian Planation Surfaces
Chapter 40 Appalachian Planation Surfaces The Appalachian region not only includes the mountains, but also the surrounding provinces. During the erosion episode (see Chapter 8 and Appendix 4), rocks of the Appalachians were sometimes planed into a flat or nearly flat planation surface, especially on the provinces east and west of the Blue Ridge Mountains (Figure 40.1). But planation surfaces are also found in the Appalachian Mountains, mainly on the mountaintops. Figure 40.1. Map of the Appalachian provinces and the two provinces to the west (from Aadland et al., 1992). Due to their rolling and dissected morphology, the Appalachian provinces are rarely called planation surfaces, but they would mostly be erosion surfaces. I will continue to use the more descriptive term, planation surface, with the understanding that many of these are erosion surfaces. The Appalachian provinces exhibit three possible planation surfaces, from east to west, they include: (1) the Piedmont Province, (2) the accordant mountaintops of the Valley and Ridge Province (part of the Appalachian Mountains), and (3) the Appalachian Plateau which is divided into the Allegheny Plateau in the north and the Cumberland Plateau in the south. I also will include the Interior Low Plateaus Province to the west of the Appalachian Plateau. Many articles have been published about the Appalachian planation surface. Their origin is controversial among secular geologists, but they can readily be explained by the runoff of the global Genesis Flood. Figure 40.2. Lake on the Piedmont near Parkersville, South Carolina, showing general flatness of the terrain. The Piedmont Planation Surface The Piedmont Province begins just east of the Blue Ridge Mountains from the Hudson River in the north to Alabama in the south. -
Colonization of a Newly Cleaned Cave by a Camel Cricket: Asian Invasive Or Native?
Lavoie et al. Colonization of a newly cleaned cave by a camel cricket: Asian invasive or native? Kathleen Lavoie1,2, Julia Bordi1,3, Nacy Elwess1,4, Douglas Soroka5, & Michael Burgess1,6 1 Biology Department, State University of New York Plattsburgh, 101 Broad St., Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA 2 [email protected] (corresponding author) 3 [email protected] 4 [email protected] 5 Greater Allentown Grotto, PA [email protected] 6 [email protected] Key Words: camel crickets, Orthoptera, Rhaphidophoridae, invasive species, recovery of biota, Diestrammena, Diestramima, Crystal Cave, Pennslyvania. Crystal Cave in Kutztown, Pennsylvania, was discovered in 1871 while quarrying for limestone (Stone 1953). Crystal Cave is developed in a belt of Ordovician-age limestone and has an abundance of formations. The cave is about 110 m in extent with an upper level, and access is restricted by a blockhouse (Stone 1953). Crystal Cave is the oldest continually-operating commercial cave in the state, opening for a Grand Illumination in 1872 (Crystal Cave History 2010). It currently hosts about 75,000 visitors a year (K. Campbell, personal communication). Early visitors were guided using candles, oil, and kerosene lanterns, and for a grand lighting, kerosene was spilled onto flowstone and set ablaze to illuminate some of the larger rooms (Snyder 2000). By 1919, the cave was lit with battery-powered lights, and in 1929 5000 feet of wiring with 225 light bulbs was installed. In 1974 new concealed wiring was installed with indirect sealed-beam spotlights (Snyder 2000). Crystal Cave has been heavily impacted by humans, and it showed. Soroka and Lavoie (2017) reported on work to clean up the cave to return it to more natural conditions by removal of soot and grime using power washing and scrubbing. -
The Logan Plateau, a Young Physiographic Region in West Virginia, Kentucky, Virginia, and Tennessee
The Logan Plateau, a Young Physiographic Region in West Virginia, Kentucky, Virginia, and Tennessee U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1620 . II • r ,j • • ~1 =1 i1 .. ·~ II .I '1 .ill ~ I ... ... II 'II .fi :. I !~ ...1 . ~ !,~ .,~ 'I ~ J ·-=· ..I ·~ tJ 1;1 .. II "'"l ,,'\. d • .... ·~ I 3: ... • J ·~ •• I -' -\1 - I =,. The Logan Plateau, a Young Physiographic Region in West Virginia, Kentucky, Virginia, and Tennessee By WILLIAM F. OUTERBRIDGE A highly dissected plateau with narrow valleys, steep slopes, narrow crested ridges, and landslides developed on flat-lying Pennsylvanian shales and subgraywacke sandstone during the past 1.5 million years U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1620 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DONALD PAUL HODEL, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1987 For sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey, Federal Center, Box 25425, Denver, CO 80225 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Outerbridge, William F. The Logan Plateau, a young physiographic region in West Virginia, Kentucky, Virginia, and Tennessee. (U.S. Geological Survey bulletin ; 1620) Bibliography: p. 18. Supt. of Docs. no.: I 19.3:1620 1. Geomorphology-Logan Plateau. I. Title. II. Series. QE75.B9 no. 1620 557.3 s [551.4'34'0975] 84-600132 [GB566.L6] CONTENTS Abstract 1 Introduction 1 Methods of study 3 Geomorphology 4 Stratigraphy 9 Structure 11 Surficial deposits 11 Distribution of residuum 11 Depth of weathering 11 Soils 11 Landslides 11 Derivative maps of the Logan Plateau and surrounding area 12 History of drainage development since late Tertiary time 13 Summary and conclusions 17 References cited 18 PLATES [Plates are in pocket] 1. -
Description of a Land Classification System and Its Application to the Management of Tennessee’S State Forests
DESCRIPTION OF A LAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE MANAGEMENT OF TENNESSEE’S STATE FORESTS Glendon W. Smalley, S. David Todd, and K. Ward Tarkington III1 Abstract—The Tennessee Division of Forestry has adopted a land classification system developed by the senior author as the basic theme of information for the management of its 15 state forests (162,371 acres) with at least 1 in each of 8 physio- graphic provinces. This paper summarizes the application of the system to six forests on the Cumberland Plateau. Landtypes are the most detailed level in the hierarchical system and represent distinct units of the landscape (mapped at a scale of 1:24,000) as defined by physiography, climate, geology, soils, topography, and vegetation. Each of the 39 landtypes are described in terms of geographic setting, dominant soils, parent material, depth to bedrock, soil texture, soil drainage, relative soil water supply, relative fertility, and forest type. Additional information includes species suitable, site productivity, and operability for management activities. The maps aid the delineation of stands, streamside management zones, and “conservation” and other special use areas; the location of rare, threaten and endangered (RTE) species; the design of harvests; and the modeling of future forest conditions. The landtypes are an integral element in modeling wildlife habitat, in siting game food plots, and planning other wildlife management activities, particularly on forests that are dual wildlife and forest management areas. The maps are excellent training devices and extremely useful in explaining management plans to legislators and the public. INTRODUCTION The five levels of Smalley’s system proceeding from the least- The Tennessee Division of Forestry (TDF) has adopted a land detailed to the most-detailed are: physiographic province, classification system developed by the senior author (Smalley region, subregion, landtype association, and landtype. -
TVA-Qualified Data Center Sites: Duffield, VA and Morristown, TN
Ready-for-Development Data Center Sites in Northeast Tennessee Valley Three sites in the Northeast Tennessee Valley In 2010, the Tennessee Valley Authority engaged joined an elite group of locations identified by a nationally recognized consulting firm to pre- a recent Tennessee Valley Authority sponsored qualify sites within its service area as ready- study as a pre-qualifier for a data center site. for-development for data centers. “Demand Bristol and Morristown, Tennessee and Duffield, for data centers is growing as increased use Virginia were three of only 14 locations in the of electronic commerce and information seven-state Tennessee Valley region to receive technologies requires more data storage space,” the designation. The Northeast Tennessee Valley said John Bradley, senior vice president for TVA region is a 15 county sub-area of the TVA and is Economic Development. “TVA’s goal is to help situated in Northeast Tennessee and Southwest make the region more competitive in attracting Virginia midway between Knoxville, Tennessee and retaining these types of industries, “ Bradley and Roanoke, Virginia. As a pre-qualifier, added. the three sites meet the criteria for electric The consulting firm retained by TVA specialized service, fiber service, site considerations, labor in audit, consulting, financial advisory, risk accessibility and low risk for natural disasters management and tax services. The study all of which are necessary for a data center involved a search for data center-friendly environment, according to the study’s findings. environments including an evaluation of sites with the potential to support data center deployments. The consulting firm The Bristol West site is a 5-acre tract of land in assessed more than 50 sites across TVA’s an upscale business park located off Interstate service area considering factors such as robust 81 near the Tennessee/Virginia border. -
Coastal Plain of Georgia
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIBECTOK WATER-SUPPLY PAPER UNDERGROUND WATERS OF THE COASTAL PLAIN OF GEORGIA BY L. W. STEPHENSON AND J. 0. VEATCH AND A DISCUSSION OP THE QUALITY OF THE WATERS BY R. B. DOLE Prepared in cooperation with the Geological Survey of Georgia WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1915 CONTENTS. __ Page. Introduction.............................................................. 25 Physiography.............................................................. 26 Cumberland Plateau.................................................... 26 Appalachian Valley.................................................... 27 Appalachian Mountains................................................ 27 Piedmont Plateau..................................................... 27 Coastal Plain........................................................... 28 General features................................................... 28 Physiographic subdivisions......................................... 29 Fall-line Mils................................................. 29 Dougherty plain............................................... 31 Altamaha upland............................................... 32 Southern limesink region...................................... 34 Okefenokee plain.............................................. 35 Satilla coastal lowland ......................................... 36 Minor features..................................................... 38 Terraces...................................................... -
Directions from Chattanooga Tennessee to Atlanta Georgia
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Tennessee Integrated Assessment of Watershed Health (PDF)
November 2015 Tennessee Integrated Assessment of Watershed Health A Report on the Status and Vulnerability of Watershed Health in Tennessee Prepared for— Prepared by— US Environmental Protection Kimberly Matthews, Michele Eddy, Agency Healthy Watersheds and Phillip Jones (RTI) Program Mark Southerland, Brenda Morgan, William Jefferson Clinton Building and Ginny Rogers (Versar) 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. RTI International Washington, DC 20460 3040 E. Cornwallis Road Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 RTI Project Number 0213541.004.002.007 Tennessee Integrated Assessment of Watershed Health November 2015 EPA 841-R-15-002 Prepared by RTI International1 for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Support for this project was provided by the EPA Healthy Watersheds Program (www2.epa.gov/hwp) Disclaimer The information presented in this document is intended to support screening-level assessments of watershed protection priorities and is based on modeled and aggregated data that may have been collected or generated for other purposes. Results should be considered in that context and do not supplant site-specific evidence of watershed health. At times, this document refers to statutory and regulatory provisions, which contain legally binding requirements. This document does not substitute for those provisions or regulations, nor is it a regulation itself. Thus, it does not impose legally binding requirements on EPA, states, authorized tribes, or the public and may not apply to a particular situation based on the circumstances. Reference herein to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the U.S. -
Examining the Role of Cave Crickets (Rhaphidophoridae) in Central Texas Cave Ecosystems: Isotope Ratios (Δ13c, Δ15n) and Radio Tracking
Final Report Examining the Role of Cave Crickets (Rhaphidophoridae) in Central Texas Cave Ecosystems: Isotope Ratios (δ13C, δ15N) and Radio Tracking Steven J. Taylor1, Keith Hackley2, Jean K. Krejca3, Michael J. Dreslik 1, Sallie E. Greenberg2, and Erin L. Raboin1 1Center for Biodiversity Illinois Natural History Survey 607 East Peabody Drive Champaign, Illinois 61820 (217) 333-5702 [email protected] 2 Isotope Geochemistry Laboratory Illinois State Geological Survey 615 East Peabody Drive Champaign, Illinois 61820 3Zara Environmental LLC 118 West Goforth Road Buda, Texas 78610 Illinois Natural History Survey Center for Biodiversity Technical Report 2004 (9) Prepared for: U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center ERDC-CTC, ATTN: Michael L. Denight 2902 Newmark Drive Champaign, IL 61822-1076 27 September 2004 Cover: A cave cricket (Ceuthophilus The Red Imported Fire Ant (Solenopsis secretus) shedding its exuvium on a shrub (False Indigo, Amorpha fruticosa L.) outside invicta Buren, RIFA) has been shown to enter and of Big Red Cave. Photo by Jean K. Krejca. forage in caves in central Texas (Elliott 1992, 1994; Reddell 2001; Reddell and Cokendolpher 2001b). Many of these caves are home to federally endangered invertebrates (USFWS 1988, 1993, 2000) or closely related, often rare taxa (Reddell 2001, Reddell and Cokendolpher 2001a). The majority of these caves are small – at Fort Hood (Bell and Coryell counties), the mean length1 of the caves is 51.7 m (range 2.1 - 2571.6 m, n=105 caves). Few of the caves harbor large numbers of bats, perhaps because low ceiling heights increase their vulnerability to depredation by other vertebrate predators (e.g., raccoons, Procyon lotor).