Recognition of Edward O. Wilson
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Theodore Von KÃ
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt2f59p3mt No online items Guide to the Papers of Theodore von Kármán, 1871-1963 Archives California Institute of Technology 1200 East California Blvd. Mail Code 015A-74 Pasadena, CA 91125 Phone: (626) 395-2704 Fax: (626) 793-8756 Email: [email protected] URL: http://archives.caltech.edu © 2003 California Institute of Technology. All rights reserved. Guide to the Papers of Theodore Consult repository 1 von Kármán, 1871-1963 Guide to the Papers of Theodore von Kármán, 1871-1963 Collection number: Consult repository Archives California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California Contact Information: Archives California Institute of Technology 1200 East California Blvd. Mail Code 015A-74 Pasadena, CA 91125 Phone: (626) 395-2704 Fax: (626) 793-8756 Email: [email protected] URL: http://archives.caltech.edu Encoded by: Francisco J. Medina. Derived from XML/EAD encoded file by the Center for History of Physics, American Institute of Physics as part of a collaborative project (1999) supported by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities. Processed by: Caltech Archives staff Date Completed: 1978; supplement completed July 1999 © 2003 California Institute of Technology. All rights reserved. Descriptive Summary Title: Theodore von Kármán papers, Date (inclusive): 1871-1963 Collection number: Consult repository Creator: Von Kármán, Theodore, 1881-1963 Extent: 93 linear feet Repository: California Institute of Technology. Archives. Pasadena, California 91125 Abstract: This record group documents the career of Theodore von Kármán, Hungarian-born aerodynamicist, science advisor, and first director of the Daniel Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology. It consists primarily of correspondence, speeches, lectures and lecture notes, scientific manuscripts, calculations, reports, photos and technical slides, autobiographical sketches, and school notebooks. -
Insect Societies As Divided Organisms: the Complexities of Purpose and Cross-Purpose
Insect societies as divided organisms: The complexities of purpose and cross-purpose Joan E. Strassmann* and David C. Queller Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 Individual organisms are complex in a special way. The organiza- explained aspects of biology that were nonadaptive conse- tion and function of their parts seem directed toward a purpose: quences of history, from vestigial organs and other homologies the survival and reproduction of that individual. Groups of organ- to biogeographical patterns. Our understanding that organisms isms are different. They may also be complex, but that is usually are a mix of historical constraint and adaptation by natural because their parts, the individual organisms, are working at selection has led to many successful predictions about the natural cross-purposes. The most obvious exception to this rule is the social world, whereas Paley’s theory stands mute about the details. In insects. Here, the individuals cooperate in complex ways toward other words, Darwin’s theory is much richer than a simple the common goal of the success of the colony, even if it means that explanation for design; it makes many further extensions and most of them do not reproduce. Kin selection theory explains how predictions. Some of these extensions and predictions were not this can evolve. Nonreproductive individuals help in the reproduc- fully appreciated in Darwin’s time. The last several decades have tion of their kin, who share and transmit their genes. Such help is seen increased attention to a further important question about most favored when individuals can give more to their kin than they the apparent design of organisms. -
March-April 2003
FOCUS ON RESEARCH E.O. Wilson’s view of life takes in all things small and great. by JOHN S. ROSENBERG ormal retirement hasn’t slowed E.O. Wilson down at all. Since assuming emeritus status as Pellegrino University Research Professor in 1997, Wilson— the father of sociobiology and biophilia, the most acute student of ants among contemporary scholars, perhaps the foremost scientific spokesman for the im- portance of biodiversity—has, if anything, stepped up the pace of his research and writing and of his advocacy for conservation, toward which his science Fhas impelled him. Last year, he published The Future of Life, the most accessible and impassioned of his appeals to humans to take heed of the millions of other species that make the planet habitable. This March, Harvard University Press delivers Pheidole in the New World, Wil- son’s enormous monograph on the “hyperdiverse” ant genus he has scrutinized for decades. The latter work is, first, a labor of love: Wilson took 16 years to complete it as an after-hours “hobby” at home, drawing all 5,000-plus illustrations himself. In schol- arly terms, it bridges the established science of biological systematics and its emerging future: a CD accompanies the printed book, and work underway at the Museum of Comparative Zoology and elsewhere assures that such painstaking research will henceforth be refined and accelerated using digital imaging and genomics techniques, and then promptly disseminated to users worldwide by the Internet. Further, the finished book makes a compelling case in Wilson’s larger argument about the daz- zling, barely understood, complexity of life: of the 624 known Pheidole species in the Western Hemisphere described here, he says, 337 are new to science. -
April 17-19, 2018 the 2018 Franklin Institute Laureates the 2018 Franklin Institute AWARDS CONVOCATION APRIL 17–19, 2018
april 17-19, 2018 The 2018 Franklin Institute Laureates The 2018 Franklin Institute AWARDS CONVOCATION APRIL 17–19, 2018 Welcome to The Franklin Institute Awards, the a range of disciplines. The week culminates in a grand United States’ oldest comprehensive science and medaling ceremony, befitting the distinction of this technology awards program. Each year, the Institute historic awards program. celebrates extraordinary people who are shaping our In this convocation book, you will find a schedule of world through their groundbreaking achievements these events and biographies of our 2018 laureates. in science, engineering, and business. They stand as We invite you to read about each one and to attend modern-day exemplars of our namesake, Benjamin the events to learn even more. Unless noted otherwise, Franklin, whose impact as a statesman, scientist, all events are free, open to the public, and located in inventor, and humanitarian remains unmatched Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. in American history. Along with our laureates, we celebrate his legacy, which has fueled the Institute’s We hope this year’s remarkable class of laureates mission since its inception in 1824. sparks your curiosity as much as they have ours. We look forward to seeing you during The Franklin From sparking a gene editing revolution to saving Institute Awards Week. a technology giant, from making strides toward a unified theory to discovering the flow in everything, from finding clues to climate change deep in our forests to seeing the future in a terahertz wave, and from enabling us to unplug to connecting us with the III world, this year’s Franklin Institute laureates personify the trailblazing spirit so crucial to our future with its many challenges and opportunities. -
Pressrelease 2017 Franklin In
222 NORTH 20TH STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 P 215.448.1200 F 215.448.1235 www.fi.edu PUBLIC RELATIONS FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE For more information, contact: Stefanie Santo, [email protected] | 215.448.1152 IMPROVING OUR WORLD AND INSPIRING THE NEXT GENERATION OF GREAT SCIENTISTS, ENGINEERS AND BUSINESS LEADERS THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE ANNOUNCES THE 2017 FRANKLIN INSTITUTE AWARDS LAUREATES INTERNATIONALLY RECOGNIZED AWARDS HONOR PHILADELPHIA GENETICIST AND PIONEER OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE PHILADELPHIA October 17, 2016—The Franklin Institute announced today the names of eight extraordinary visionaries who will be recognized and honored in Philadelphia next May with prestigious Franklin Institute Awards. The esteemed recipients join a remarkable list of great men and women whose revolutionary discoveries and innovations have transformed our world. They have expanded our knowledge of the brain, pioneered new materials, illuminated vital genetic processes, developed essential sources of light, and deepened our understanding of global climate change. These scientists and engineers have made enormous strides in their fields, improving the lives of billions of people across the world, and paving the way for a better future. Among the seven Benjamin Franklin Medal recipients is Philadelphia geneticist Douglas Wallace, Ph.D., who was the first to show that mutations in mitochondrial DNA can cause inherited human disease. The Bower Award for Achievement in Science, which includes a $250,000 prize, one of the most significant scientific prizes in America, is presented to French glaciologist and climate change pioneer Claude Lorius, Ph.D., whose monumental discoveries in Antarctica have significantly impacted our overall understanding of climate and launched an awareness of the effects of global warming. -
Britton Chance: His Life, Times and Legacy
Britton Chance: His Life, Times and Legacy First discovery of the generation of ENIAC Global outreach: Going to the East (Asia) BC’s invention of a compass-controlled photoelectric navigator starting at Part of the Rad Lab Steering Committee Dual-beam spectrometer reactive oxygen species H2O2 in SCR-584 Radar 13 y.o., patented in 1930 and tested in ships in 1937 Chance, 1951 (Rev Sci Instrum) mitochondria, 1971 o Compass 45 mirror New Engl. J. Med. 1985 ML LD Early abstract Chance B, Sies H, Boveris A. Physiol H. K. Rev, 1979 >3900 citations MS, MD Chance & Williamson, 1955, 1956 (J Biol Chem, Adv Enzymol Rel Subj Biochem etc.) Oxidative stress is an unbalance Anti-aircraft autotracking AB radar system developed by BC in Cambridge Univ. Rad Lab. Action at Anzio, Millikan’s Lab (1938-39) citations :~1300 Normandy and Buzzbombs & >3000 ANTIOXIDANTS Photocells MS, Univ. of Prisms First simulation by the mechanical Mitochondrial bioenergetics OXIDANTS Penn., 1936 Intrinsic fluorescence differential analyzer for solutions of Britton Chance Memorial and electron transport in markers (NADH & Fp) for China’s Friendship Award; Premier non-linear differential equations for BS, Univ. of WWII, MIT Radiation Lab Symposium and Workshop 2011 respiratory chain mitochondria redox state Chemiluminescence Wen, Jia-Bao with Chance (Xinhua, 9/2008) & Centennial Symposium on enzyme action (~1938) Penn., 1935 1941~1945 BC-CBMP, Wuhan, China (1999) (Since 1950s & 60s respectively) of free radicals (1970s) Metabolic Imaging/Spect 2013 Science, 1962 Development of in vivo MRS QL 1910 1930 1950 1970 1990 2010 Born on July 24, 1913 Ph.D. -
Manipulating Tropical Fire Ants to Reduce the Coffee Berry Borer
Ecological Entomology (2014), DOI: 10.1111/een.12139 Manipulating tropical fire ants to reduce the coffee berry borer WARING TRIBLE1 and R O N C A R R O L L 2 1The Rockefeller University, New York , New York, U.S.A. and 2Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, U.S.A. Abstract. 1. The coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera, Curculion- idae) (Ferrari) is the most important pest of coffee production worldwide. 2. The hypothesis that the tropical !re ant, Solenopsis geminata Westwood, indirectly protects the coffee berry borer by suppressing other ant species that are the coffee berry borer’s primary predators was tested. 3. It was found that removing S. geminata from coffee plots signi!cantly increased the disappearance of adult coffee berry borer beetles from coffee berries compared with control plots. An average of 6% of beetles disappeared from plots with S. geminata whereas 23% of beetles disappeared from plots from which S. geminata was removed. This pattern was observed on two shade coffee farms with marked differences in ant species composition, one in the rainforest in central Costa Rica and one in the cloudforest in northwest Costa Rica. 4. If the results of this small-scale study can be replicated on the farm level, then S. geminata suppression may represent a new management technique for the coffee berry borer throughout Central and South America. Key words. Biological control, coffee berry borer, !re ant, Formicidae, Hypothenemus hampei, Solenopsis. Introduction coffee berries in the soil, and soil-dwelling ants may thus play an important role in reducing dry season coffee berry borer Coffee is the second most important commodity in the world by populations and minimising future outbreaks (Armbrecht & value, and the coffee berry borer is a beetle that constitutes the Gallego, 2007; Jaramillo et al.,2007;Chapmanet al.,2009; most important pest in coffee production worldwide (Damon, Vélez et al., 2006). -
Thievery in Rainforest Fungus-Growing Ants: Interspecific Assault on Culturing Material at Nest Entrance
Insectes Sociaux (2018) 65:507–510 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00040-018-0632-9 Insectes Sociaux SHORT COMMUNICATION Thievery in rainforest fungus-growing ants: interspecific assault on culturing material at nest entrance M. U. V. Ronque1 · G. H. Migliorini2 · P. S. Oliveira3 Received: 15 March 2018 / Revised: 21 May 2018 / Accepted: 22 May 2018 / Published online: 5 June 2018 © International Union for the Study of Social Insects (IUSSI) 2018 Abstract Cleptobiosis in social insects refers to a relationship in which members of a species rob food resources, or other valuable items, from members of the same or a different species. Here, we report and document in field videos the first case of clepto- biosis in fungus-growing ants (Atta group) from a coastal, Brazilian Atlantic rainforest. Workers of Mycetarotes parallelus roam near the nest and foraging paths of Mycetophylax morschi and attack loaded returning foragers of M. morschi, from which they rob cultivating material for the fungus garden. Typically, a robbing Mycetarotes stops a loaded returning Myce- tophylax, vigorously pulls away the fecal item from the forager’s mandibles, and brings the robbed item to its nearby nest. In our observations, all robbed items consisted of arthropod feces, the most common culturing material used by M. parallelus. Robbing behavior is considered a form of interference action to obtain essential resources needed by ant colonies to cultivate the symbiont fungus. Cleptobiosis between fungus-growing ants may increase colony contamination, affect foraging and intracolonial behavior, as well as associated microbiota, with possible effects on the symbiont fungus. The long-term effects of this unusual behavior, and associated costs and benefits for the species involved, clearly deserve further investigation. -
Warfare in an Evolutionary Perspective
Received: 26 November 2018 Revised: 7 May 2019 Accepted: 18 September 2019 DOI: 10.1002/evan.21806 REVIEW ARTICLE Warfare in an evolutionary perspective Bonaventura Majolo School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Sarah Swift Building, Lincoln, UK Abstract The importance of warfare for human evolution is hotly debated in anthropology. Correspondence Bonaventura Majolo, School of Psychology, Some authors hypothesize that warfare emerged at least 200,000–100,000 years BP, University of Lincoln, Sarah Swift Building, was frequent, and significantly shaped human social evolution. Other authors claim Brayford Wharf East, Lincoln LN5 7AT, UK. Email: [email protected] that warfare is a recent phenomenon, linked to the emergence of agriculture, and mostly explained by cultural rather than evolutionary forces. Here I highlight and crit- ically evaluate six controversial points on the evolutionary bases of warfare. I argue that cultural and evolutionary explanations on the emergence of warfare are not alternative but analyze biological diversity at two distinct levels. An evolved propen- sity to act aggressively toward outgroup individuals may emerge irrespective of whether warfare appeared early/late during human evolution. Finally, I argue that lethal violence and aggression toward outgroup individuals are two linked but distinct phenomena, and that war and peace are complementary and should not always be treated as two mutually exclusive behavioral responses. KEYWORDS aggression, competition, conflict, cooperation, peace, social evolution, violence, war 1 | INTRODUCTION and others on the importance of organized/cooperative actions among members of one social group against members of the opposing The question of whether humans are innately peaceful or aggressive group.5 Clearly, how we define warfare affects how deep we can go has fascinated scientists and philosophers for centuries.1,2 Wars, eth- back in time in human evolution to investigate its emergence and evo- nic or religious contests, and intra-group or intra-family violence are lutionary bases. -
Guide to the Enrico Fermi Collection 1918-1974
University of Chicago Library Guide to the Enrico Fermi Collection 1918-1974 © 2009 University of Chicago Library Table of Contents Descriptive Summary 4 Information on Use 4 Access 4 Citation 4 Biographical Note 4 Scope Note 7 Related Resources 8 Subject Headings 8 INVENTORY 8 Series I: Personal 8 Subseries 1: Biographical 8 Subseries 2: Personal Papers 11 Subseries 3: Honors 11 Subseries 4: Memorials 19 Series II: Correspondence 22 Subseries 1: Personal 23 Sub-subseries 1: Social 23 Sub-subseries 2: Business and Financial 24 Subseries 2: Professional 25 Sub-subseries 1: Professional Correspondence A-Z 25 Sub-subseries 2: Conferences, Paid Lectures, and Final Trip to Europe 39 Sub-subseries 3: Publications 41 Series III: Academic Papers 43 Subseries 1: Business and Financial 44 Subseries 2: Department and Colleagues 44 Subseries 3: Examinations and Courses 46 Subseries 4: Recommendations 47 Series IV: Professional Organizations 49 Series V: Federal Government 52 Series VI: Research 60 Subseries 1: Research Institutes, Councils, and Foundations 61 Subseries 2: Patents 64 Subseries 3: Artificial Memory 67 Subseries 4: Miscellaneous 82 Series VII: Notebooks and Course Notes 89 Subseries 1: Experimental and Theoretical Physics 90 Subseries 2: Courses 94 Subseries 3: Personal Notes on Physics 96 Subseries 4: Miscellaneous 98 Series VIII: Writings 99 Subseries 1: Published Articles, Lectures, and Addresses 100 Subseries 3: Books 114 Series IX: Audio-Visual Materials 118 Subseries 1: Visual Materials 119 Subseries 2: Audio 121 Descriptive Summary Identifier ICU.SPCL.FERMI Title Fermi, Enrico. Collection Date 1918-1974 Size 35 linear feet (65 boxes) Repository Special Collections Research Center University of Chicago Library 1100 East 57th Street Chicago, Illinois 60637 U.S.A. -
The Fungus-Growing Ant Genus Apterostigma in Dominican Amber, Pp
Schultz, T. R. 2007. The fungus-growing ant genus Apterostigma in Dominican amber, pp. 425- 436. In Snelling, R. R., B. L. Fisher, and P. S. Ward (eds). Advances in ant systematics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): homage to E. O. Wilson – 50 years of contributions. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 80. THE FUNGUS-GROWING ANT GENUS APTEROSTIGMA IN DOMINICAN AMBER Ted R. Schultz Department of Entomology, MRC 188, P.O. Box 37012 National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington, DC 20013-7012, U.S.A. [email protected] ABSTRACT The first fossil species of the fungus-growing ant genus Apterostigma (Myrmicinae: Attini) are described from Dominican amber. Two new species are described, and the likely placement of each within the genus is discussed. The phylogenetic position of Apterostigma within the Attini is summarized, as is the evolutionary history of the transition from the cultivation of leucocoprineaceous fungi (the ancestral condition) to the cultivation of pterulaceous fungi (the derived condition) by different lineages of Apterostigma species. I conclude by speculating on the possible implications of the fossil species for understanding this transition, which is unique within the fungus-growing ants. Key words: Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Attini, Apterostigma, fungus-growing ants, fossils, Dominican amber. 426 Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, Volume 80 INTRODUCTION Fungus-growing ants in the tribe Attini are one of only a few animal groups that practice true agriculture. Because, so far as is known, this fungicultural life-history strategy is entirely unique in ants and, because it parallels human agriculture in many remarkable ways (Schultz et al., 2005), the origin and evolution of the fungus-growing behavior has been the subject of recent intensive study (e.g., Chapela et al., 1994; Hinkle et al., 1994; Schultz & Meier, 1995; Wetterer et al., 1998; Mueller et al., 1998; Mueller et al., 2001). -
Edward Westermarck: He Proposed a Link Between Two Micro- Behaviours, Between Aversion (Or Approval) and the "Moral Emotions"
Huntan Ethology Bulletin http://evolution.anthro.univie.ac.atlishe.html VOLUME 15, ISSUE 2 ISSN 0739-2036 JUNE 2000 © 1999 The International Society for Human Ethology the Max-Planck-Society at Andechs, Germany and the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Urban Ethology in Vienna. From 1951 to 1970 he was a research associate of Konrad Lorenz. From 1970 to 1996 he was Head of the Research Group for Human Ethology in the Max Planck Society. An important aspect of his research has been the long-term study and filming of the social ecology of several different cultures including the San, Himba, Yanomami, Eipo, and Trobriand Islanders. This work over a span of more than a quarter century has provided a legacy of about 275 kIn of 16mm film from which over 200 documentary films have been published by the Encylopedia cinematographica in Gottingen. Among his many publications are: Ethology, The Biology of Behaviour (1970, 1975), Love and Hate (1970, 1996), The !Ko Bushman Society (1972), The Biology of Peace and War (1979), Human Ethology (1989), and Indoctrinability, Ideology, and Warfare (1998) co:edited with Frank Salter. The following interview took place over several Everything Goes, days in mid February, 2000 in Andechs, just after Professor Eibl-Eibesfeldt and his wife, Lorle, But Not Everything Works celebrated their 50th wedding anniversary. HEB: Ernst Mayr has commented that the major contribution of the leaders of biological thought has been the development and refinement of concepts and occasionally the elimination of Interview of erroneous ones. Evolutionary biology owes a remarkably large portion of its concepts to Charles Irenaus Eibl-Eibesfeldt Darwin, and ethology to Konrad Lorenz.