Chapter 7 Arizona Firewise Communities Authors: Christine Mares, Corrine Dolan, and Alix Rogstad

Cover photo: Aspen Fire, 2003. Courtesy of the Mt. Lemmon Fire District.

This chapter is based on and borrows heavily from the following publications: “Firewise Plant Materials for 3,000 ft. and Higher Elevations” published by The University of Arizona Cooperative Extension; “Creating Wildfire-Defensible Spaces for Your Home and Property” published by The University of Arizona Cooperative Extension; “Living With Wildfire: Homeowner’s Firewise Guide for Arizona” published by The Arizona Interagency Coordinating Group; “Living with Fire” published by the University of Nevada Cooperative Extension; and “Fire- wise Landscaping for Utah” published by The Utah State University Cooperative Extension.

Chapter 7 88 ARIZONA FIREWISE COMMUNITIES

Introduction

more numerous, and the build-up of fuel coupled with recent insect and disease outbreaks has greatly increased severe wildfire potential. Climatic factors such as drought and warmer temperatures also play a role. Within this hazardous environment are communities – thus creating the WUI. Based on recent history and experience, these areas

Photo courtesy of Arizona Firewise Photo courtesy of communities “Living with Wildfire” tabloid possess all of the ingredients necessary to support The wildland-urban interface is at increased risk to wildfire. large, intense, and uncontrollable wildfires. It is not a question of “if” a wildfire will occur, but Arizona’s population is growing, its urban areas and “when.” Our ability to live more safely in this fire its communities in rural areas are rapidly expanding environment depends on pre-fire activities. These are (Appendix A), and people are building more homes actions taken before a wildfire occurs that improve in what was once natural forest, grass and brush the survivability of people and homes. The Arizona lands. These communities are in the wildland- Firewise Communities program is part of a national urban interface (WUI) – the area where residential program and is administered by the State Forester in development meets wildland vegetation. The risk of Arizona. The goal is to provide communities with the wildfire has also increased across Arizona, creating ability to create a Firewise community. dangerous living conditions for those within WUI What is Firewise? areas. If you live in this area it is your responsibility You can implement Firewise concepts around your as the homeowner to protect yourself. Proper use of home to reduce the risk of losing your property Firewise concepts increases your ability to protect during a wildfire. Creating survivable space around your property and our wildlands. your home is one of the most important and effective Living With Wildfire steps you can take to protect you, your family, and Due to dramatic changes in our forests in the last your home from high-intensity wildfire. The use of century, much of the Southwest is considered a fire safe materials and fire resistant landscaping are high-hazard fire environment. Trees are smaller but two additional factors.

Chapter 7 89 Survivable Space

Survivable space is the modification of landscape Keep plantings within 3 to 5 feet of the structure design, fuels, and building materials that decreases walls to a minimum (zero plants is best), especially the chance for a home ignition and the need for direct if they are flammable. Decorative gravel, flagstone firefighter intervention. or concrete decking is recommended in this area. The design of your survivable space depends Avoid gravel sizes that collect leaves, needles, or other on several factors: size and shape of buildings, flammable vegetation. construction materials, the slope of your property, Do not stack firewood or store other combustibles surrounding topography, and the sizes and types of in this zone. Enclose or screen decks with metal vegetation on your property. screening. Extend the gravel coverage under decks Creating survivable space involves developing a and do not use areas under decks for storage. series of management zones around your house in Zone 2: Moderate Fuel Reduction which different treatments are used. The size of Zone 2 depends on the slope of the Survivable Space Management Zones ground where the structure is built. This zone should be 30 feet wide for structures built on flat ground Zone 1: Intensive Fuel Reduction and at least 100 feet wide for structures built on This is the area of maximum modification and steeper slopes. Within this zone, the continuity and treatment. Zone 1 is 30 feet wide, measured out from arrangement of vegetation is modified. Remove the edge of the structure. Use low-growing plants stressed, diseased, dead, or dying trees and shrubs. that do not produce a lot of decadent (leaf) material. Thin and prune remaining trees, including those Additionally, it is recommended that grasses be along driveway. maintained at heights of up to 3 inches if they are Thin trees and shrubs at least 10 feet between crowns, within this zone. It is also acceptable to use succulent more if on a steep slope. Crown separation is plants and other low growing, fire resistant plants measured from the furthest branch of one tree to the and ground covers in this zone. nearest branch on the next tree. Removal of all trees in this zone is best, but if you Prune trees to a height of 10 feet. Remove ladder do keep one, consider it part of the structure, and fuels from under trees. extend the distance of the entire survivable space accordingly. Isolate the tree from surrounding trees Emphasize low-growing plants, up to 18 inches high, and the structure by at least 10 feet. such as fire-resistant ground covers. This acts as a buffer between the well-manicured land near the Remove “ladder fuels” from beneath trees by home and adjacent wildlands. pruning branches to at least 10 feet above the ground. Remove branches that touch or hang over the roof or Locate propane tanks at least 30 feet from any are within 15 feet of the chimney. structures. Remove and store small barbeque tanks

Your house is more likely to withstand a wildfire if grasses, brush, trees, and other common forest fuels are managed to reduce a fire’s intensity. Survivable Space is the modi- fication of landscape design, fuels, and building materi- als that make a home ignition caused by wildfire unlikely, without direct firefighter intervention. Create a survivable space around your structures by removing, reducing, and replacing fuels and vegetation in order to slow the spread of wildfire. Include detached garages, storage buildings, barns, and other structures in your plan. Survivable space involves developing a series of management zones in which different treatments are used. Not all properties ex- tend into each zone.

Chapter 7 90 Zone 1 Tips

Avoid using high-resin, fire-prone plant materials (see Plant Materials section).

Consider ice plants and other succulent ground cov- ers, annual flowerbeds, and vegetable gardens as good choices.

Consider broadleaf and/or deciduous trees as good choices in this zone.

Keep grasses and lawns mowed short and at least 6 feet Vegetation that allows a fire to move from lower plants to from walls. taller ones is referred to as “ladder fuels.” Use gravel, flagstone, or non-flammable decking adjacent to structure walls. from grills left outside. Keep flammable vegetation at least 10 feet away from tanks and do not screen with Maintain this zone well by pruning and watering. Remove shrubs. dead branches, stems and leaves. Stack firewood at least 30 feet away and uphill from structure. Keep flammable vegetation at least 10 feet from woodpiles. Zone 2 Tips

Zone 3: Managed Wildland Zone Zone 3 does not have a specific size. It extends from Plant in small, irregular clusters or islands to create the edge of Zone 2 to your property lines. This is an screening and privacy. area of native vegetation and you are encouraged to manage your vegetation in a more traditional manner. Consider planting cacti and succulents that can thrive in mountain climates because of high moisture. Typical management objectives for areas surrounding home sites or subdivisions are recreational use; Use drought resistant and low water use species. Native aesthetics; maintenance of ecological health and vigor; grass lawns and meadow areas are good choices. and barriers for wind, dust, and visual intrusions. Specific thinning requirements depend on species Keep grasses and wildflowers under 8 inches high, espe- and land objectives. Thinning improves the forest cially when dry and dormant. stand by removing trees that are damaged, attacked by insects, infected by disease, or are otherwise Use walkways and paths to effectively break up fuel unhealthy. The remaining trees will be the larger and continuity. healthier trees in the stand. A limited number of wildlife (i.e. dead) trees are As in Zone 1, routinely remove any excess brush or dead appropriate in Zone 3. Make sure dead trees pose no vegetation. threat to power lines or fire access roads. While pruning may not be necessary in Zone 3, from the standpoint of personal safety, it is a good idea to Zone 3 Tips prune trees along trails and fire access roads. Pruning also helps reduce ladder fuels, thus keeping fire on the ground. Prune and thin properly to make a significant difference in protecting your home. Mowing is not necessary in Zone 3. Any approved method of slash treatment may be acceptable for this Monitor re-sprouting shrubs regularly to guard against the zone, including piling and burning, chipping or lop- creation of ladder fuels, and thin or grub when necessary. and-scatter.

Chapter 7 91 Examples of Thinning in Zone 3

BEFORE

AFTER

BEFORE

AFTER

Photos courtesy of Arizona Firewise communities “Living with Wildfire” tabloid

Chapter 7 92 Community Survivable Space As homeowners, we have the most power to modify learn how you can help play a role in making your fuel conditions on our own properties, but the community better able to survive wildfire. If the treatment of personal property is not sufficient to vegetation of the community is properly modified prevent fire damage. We need to work together to and maintained, a wildfire can be confined to the create survivable space for the entire community, ground. This will limit flame length, intensity, rate including potential greenbelt/firebreaks, adequate of spread, and the heat produced. All of these factors infrastructure such as ingress/egress routes, will assist firefighters in defending the community, evacuation routes, emergency water supplies, and individual neighborhoods, and homes. Remember, it other fire protection resources. must begin with you. If not you, then who? Call your local county extension office, fire department, or federal land management agency to

Chapter 7 93 Building Construction and Materials

You may already own a home or a piece of property, risk and safety. Avoid locating structures at the top but if you are purchasing land or selecting a building of steep ridges or hilltops because fire can quickly site, there are choices that can reduce your wildfire move uphill and come in contact with the structure. risk. Instead, the home should be set back from the edge of the slope at least 30 feet. Ideally, a concrete wall LOT LOCATION. Flat land is a better location for or patio between the home and the edge of the a home or cabin than a steep slope when it comes to hill is advisable. Flammable decks and walkways fire safety. Ridgetops are scenic, but they are fire- overhanging a hilltop or canyon are vulnerable to fire prone and at risk to high heat and wind during fires. because fire will burn up the hill and under the deck. Canyons are also dangerous building sites because Structures that are open to fire from below should be they channel wind that can intensify and direct enclosed with fireproof materials. fires. When evaluating property location, fire-fighter response time is another important consideration. MATERIALS. Structure walls and other construction material should be fire resistant. Windows should WATER AVAILABILITY. Water access is important be dual- or triple-paned glass construction, and the for fire suppression. Ability for firefighters to access size and number of windows that face large areas of water through a hydrant system, pool, lake, stream, or vegetation should be limited or covered with exterior an underground cistern can increase the probability fire-resistant materials. that structures can be protected. ROOFING. Roofing material is one of the most vital VEHICLE ACCESS. Building fire safety into the decisions in home or cabin construction. Airborne road design is crucial when planning access to a new burning embers or firebrands are the main source property. Roads should be at least two lanes wide, of wildfire spread, and can easily be blown on top with gentle curves and enough space at the end for a of structures by wind. Roofing materials should firefighting vehicle to turn around. This can take at meet the Uniform Building Code fire resistance least a 45-foot radius circle. Multiple access roads are classification of Class B or better. Class A materials ideal. have the top rating for fire resistance, which include Street signs and house numbers should be visible, tile and metal, plus shingles made of a variety of reflective, and readable in the dark. All address materials: fiberglass reinforced asphalt, metal, fiber- and street signs should be made of non-combustible cement, concrete, or slate. Underlayment materials materials. should also be Class A. Tile roofing edges and eaves should be enclosed. All roofing should be carefully LOT SIZE. A smaller lot restricts your options for maintained so as not to create openings for airborne firewise landscaping since you have less space to embers. work with, and also increases your dependence on your neighbors for fire safety. If your firewise property is surrounded by properties with hazardous fuel conditions, your efforts may not be enough to prevent fire damage to your property. With a small Saving your home from wildfire lot you will need to collaborate with your neighbors depends primarily on two factors: to create a firewise COMMUNITY. roofing material and the quality of HOME POSITION. Proper positioning of your home survivable space. or other structures on your property is critical to fire

Chapter 7 94 Courtesy of Utah State University Cooperative Extension

Chapter 7 95 Plant Material

All vegetation, naturally occurring and otherwise, In some cases, drought tolerance and fire resistance is potential fuel for fire. Vegetation type, amount, are related. There are some general plant and arrangement can have dramatic effects on fire characteristics that can provide drought tolerance behavior. There are no “fireproof” plant species, but and increase fire resistance in your landscape. When you can choose plants for your landscape that are selecting plants, look for: more fire resistant. • Plants that shed their leaves or needles in Choosing Firewise Plants extreme drought. Keep in mind these general concepts when choosing • Plants that have smaller leaves or very Firewise plants for your home landscape plan: succulent leaves that store water. • A plant’s moisture content is the most • Salt-tolerant plants that show natural fire important factor governing its volatility. resistance. A notable exception is salt cedar However, resin content and other factors (Tamarix spp.), which is highly salt tolerant but in some species keep them flammable even contains extremely volatile oils and burns at when the plant is well watered. Conifers such very hot temperatures. as pines, firs, spruces, junipers, and Arizona cypress tend to be flammable due to their oil and pitch content, regardless of moisture status or content. • Deciduous plants tend to be more fire resistant because their leaves have higher moisture content. Also, when trees drop their leaves in the winter, there is less fuel to carry fire through canopies.

Firewise landscaping can be aesthetically pleasing while reducing potential wildfire fuel.

Plant choice, spacing, and maintenance are critical.

Your landscape, and the plants in it, must be regularly maintained to retain their Firewise properties.

Many native and local species are appropriate for Firewise plant materials.

Photo courtesy of Arizona Firewise communities “Living with Wildfire” tabloid Photo courtesy of

A good example of Firewise landscaping

Chapter 7 96 Plants that are more resistant to wildfire have one or • They grow slowly and do not need frequent more of the following characteristics: pruning (e.g giant saguaro). • They grow without accumulating large • They are short and grow close to the ground amounts of combustible dead branches, (small wildflowers and non-coniferous needles, or leaves (e.g. aspen). groundcovers). • They have open, loose branches with a low • They can re-establish following a fire, reducing volume of total vegetation (e.g. currant and the costs of planting new trees (oak, locust). mountain mahogany). For more information on appropriate Firewise • They have low resin content (many deciduous landscaping options for Arizona, you can go to species). http://pubs1.cals.arizona.edu/sales/list for a list of • They have high moisture content (succulents all the University of Arizona Cooperative Extension and some herbaceous plants). publications related to wildfire and Firewise concepts.

Firewise Communities/USA

The Arizona Firewise Communities program is a part Step 2: Site Visit of the National Firewise Communities/USA program The local Firewise Communities/USA representative (www.firewise.org) and is a unique opportunity schedules a site visit and assesses the site. The visit is available to America’s fire-prone communities. Its coordinated with local fire officials. goal is to encourage and acknowledge action that Step 3: Community Representatives minimizes home loss to wildfire. It teaches you Meanwhile, community representatives create a to prepare for a fire before it occurs. The program multi-disciplined Firewise Board/Committee. In adapts especially well to small communities, addition to homeowners and fire professionals, you developments, and residential associations of all can include planners, land managers, urban foresters, types. Firewise Communities/USA is simple and it and/or members of other interest groups. Board works in the following way: members should be informed that development of a • Wildland fire staff from federal, state, or local WUI plan may take up to six months. local agencies provide a community with Step 4: Assessment & Evaluation information about coexisting with wildfire, Upon completion of the site assessment and along with mitigation information tailored to evaluation of the community’s readiness to that specific area. withstand a WUI fire, the Firewise representative • The community assesses its risk and creates schedules a meeting with the local Firewise Board. its own network of cooperating homeowners, The assessment and evaluation are presented for agencies, and organizations. review and acceptance, and, if accepted, the process continues. If they are rejected, the process terminates. • The community identifies and implements Step 5: Create Plan local solutions. The local Firewise Board uses the assessment and How can my community participate? evaluation report to create agreed-upon, area-specific Becoming recognized as a Firewise Community/USA solutions to its WUI fire issues. All members of the begins with you. By following a process that engages Board must concur with the final decisions. Their and educates a large portion of the population, recommendations are presented to, and approved your community can very quickly be on its way to by, the Firewise representative. At that time, the achieving Firewise recognition status. specialist may work with the community to seek Step 1: Contact Firewise project implementation funds, if those are necessary. A community representative contacts the local office Step 6: Implement Solutions of the State Forester (State Lands Department) who Local solutions are implemented following a schedule will provide a representative to assist the community designed by the local Firewise Board and Firewise (see contact sheet at the end of this chapter). representative. A permanent Firewise Task Force,

Chapter 7 97 committee, commission, or department is created that Upon approval by the Arizona State Forester, the will maintain the program into the future. National Firewise Program will confirm your Step 7: Apply For Recognition recognition. Firewise Communities/USA recognition status is Step 8: Renewing Recognition Status achieved after the community submits its registration Recognition renewal is completed annually by form (available at www.firewise.org/usa) with a submitting documentation indicating continued completed Firewise community plan and Firewise participation to the State Forester. This can be done at event documentation to the State Land Department. www.firewise.org/usa.

Chapter 7 98 Arizona Firewise Communities Contact Sheet

Arizona Firewise Communities is part of the national grassroots Firewise Communities/USA program that encourages neighbors to work collectively to reduce the risk of severe wildfires in their community.

Benefits of Being a Firewise Community: • Increased public awareness. • Community-based decisions and solutions. • Opportunities for grants and external assistance. • Increased property values and sense of security. • Insurance coverage less likely to be revoked on the basis of fire danger. • Sense of community pride. • Safer homes and better prepared residents. • Reduced stress on firefighting resources. Become a Recognized Firewise Community For more information, please contact your State Forester: Cliff Pearlberg Arizona State Land Department Forestry and Fire Management – Firewise Coordinator 1110 W. Washington Rd., Suite 100 Phoenix, AZ 85007 602.771.1405 [email protected] Flagstaff Region District Forester Kevin Boness 928.774.1425 [email protected] Phoenix Region District Forester Scott Hunt 602.255.4059 [email protected] Tucson Region District Forester Brian Lauber 520.628.5480 x 204

ARE YOU FIREWISE? [email protected]

Chapter 7 99 Billy Brushwacker Fire Mitigation Education Program

Traditional fire mitigation and prevention programs donated for use as a nonprofit wildfire prevention have become increasingly difficult to get into the tool. Arizona fire departments are welcome to adopt public schools in light of new testing and reporting the program as their own, or to work in partnership requirements. Using input from a focus group with us to put the material in their local schools. We of educators, we developed a program that can need to work together to reduce the risk that we all be used by the schools as a part of their required face. curriculum, without requiring additional time. The Social scientists tell us that it takes a generation to Billy Brushwacker Wildfire Education Program truly change behavior. That’s why putting, and is designed to meet the Arizona Department of keeping, this information in the schools now is so Education Standards for Science, Strand 3 for Grades important. 3 and 4. The workbook requires help from parents, which gets the information out of the classroom and into the community, and the video game is a fun way to reinforce the material taught in the program. These materials are available on the How To Protect Your Home From Wildfire CD-Romincluded in this binder. The Billy Brushwacker fire mitigation education program was developed by the Pine-Strawberry Fire Department, and is also promoted by Arizona Firewise Communities, and others across the United States. The character used in this program, Billy Brushwacker, has proven to be an engaging and effective message-bearer to teach the crucial lessons of eliminating ladder fuels and creating survivable space. Since these are relatively new concepts in the schools, and to most of the public in general, we felt that a new character would bring more attention to this issue. Billy, based on the goats that are presently being used quite effectively to keep brush growth down in the forests, was created for this specific purpose. While the image has been copyrighted for protection from unauthorized use, it has been

Chapter 7 100 Arizona Communities At Risk

The Arizona Communities at Risk information is of places/communities. The assessment was done taken from the Arizona Urban Interface Assessment, along ownership blocks; therefore there is a multiple prepared for the Arizona Interagency Coordination rating for some communities. The higher rating Group by the Bureau of Land Management in March should be used to determine the risk assessment of 2003. The list begins on page 114, directly following the community. the Fire Hazard Map, and represents the risk of wildfire assessment of the 2001 Federal Register list

Arizona Wildfire Hazard Map

Hazard Map Hazard is based upon factors such as fuel types and condition, natural fire regimes, topography, and the influence of structures

More information available under Communities at Risk at www.azstatefire.org/

*Original map in the Arizona Wildland-Urban Interface Assessment, March 2004; Prepared by the Bureau of Land Management for the Arizona Interagency Coordi- nating Group.

Chapter 7 101 Arizona Communities at Low, Moderate, and High Risk to Wildfire

LOW Adamana Boulder Inn Chloride area Agua Caliente Bouse Chouch Ahan Owuch Bradberry Chuichu Ahsher Area Brenda Chukson Ak Chut Vaya Bryce Chukut Kuk Ak Komel Buena Vista Chutum Vaya Ali Chuk Bullhead City Airport Chuwut Murk Ali Molina Cactus Flat Cibola Ali Oidak Calumet Cibola area Allentown Calva Circle City Allenville Camel Citrus Park Alto Campo Cleator Altos Canyon Diablo Cliff Dweller Lodge Amado Cardarzo Coal Mine Mesa Angell Carmen Comobabi Apache Casa Blanca Conger Apache Grove Casa del Oro Coolidge Dam Arcosanti Casa Rosa Copper Hill Arivaca Junction Cascabell Cork Arlington Castle Dome area Cornfield Artesa Castle Hot Springs Corona de Tucson Artesia Castle Rock Coronado Generating Station Asher area Cazador Cortero Asher Cazador area Cochise County Junior College Ashurts Cedar Ridge Cotton Center Avari area Cedar Springs Cove Aztec Centennial Cow Springs Baby Rocks Central Cowlic Barkerville Cerbat Crookton Bernardino Chair Crossing Cyclopic Bidahochi Charco Dateland Big Horn Chiawuli Tak De la Oso Ranch Big Lue Ranch Chico Shunie Del Rio Big Reef Mill Chilchinbito Dennehotso Blackwater Childs Desert Wells Blaisdell Chircahua Headquarters Desert Hills Blake Place Chiricahua Diamond Bell Ranch Blue Gap Chiuli Shaik Diamond Fields Bonita Chloride Dilkon

Chapter 7 102 LOW Dixie Gleeson Hunt Dobson area Glenbar Hyder Dolan Springs area Gold Canyon Ranch Indian Gardens Dome Goodwater Indian Wells Dome area Government Hill Itak Double Adobe Graham IV Bar Tank Double Adobe area Grasshopper Junction Jackrabbit House Douglas Monitoring Station Greenwood Johnson Drake Grey Mountain Jops Landing Drexell Heights-Tucson Griffith Kaibito Dudleyville Gripe Kaka Duncan Gu Chuapo Kansas Settlement Duval Gu Oidak Katherine Eden Gu Vo Kim El Tule Gurli Put Vo Kimball Elfrida area Guthrie Kimble Ranch Emery Haivan Vaya Kinlichee Emmanual Mission Haivana Nakya Kino Springs Enid Harcuvar Kinter Feldman Harris Klagetoh Five Houses Hashan Chuchg Klondyke Five Mile Creek Havasu City Airport Kofa Five Mile Landing Havasu Springs Kohatk Flat Rock Hayden Junction Kom Vo Florence Junction Headquarters Komak Wuacho Fordville/Tiger Heaton Kuakatch Forepaugh Herchede Ranch Kupk Forest Airport Hickiwan La Palma area Fortuna Hills area Hidden Spring Mission La Paz Valley Found Crossing Hidden Valley area Laguna area Franconia Hoa Murk Lake Havasu area Franklin Hoi Oidak Lebanon Freeman Hollywood Leupp Gadsden Honeyhill Leupp Corner Gadsden area Hope Ligurta area Geronimo Horn Lochiel-Parker Canyon Gila Bend area Horse Mesa Love Gladden Hortons Place Ligurta Gleason Humbug Lukachukat

Chapter 7 103 LOW Lukeville Oak Ranch Rainbow Valley Luzena Oak Springs Rare Metal Makgum Havoka Old Blanco Raso Manny Farms Old Tucson area Ray Manzoro Olga Red Lake Chapter House Marana area Oro Valley area Red Mesa Marble Canyon Owl Redington Maricopa Colony Page area Richville Maricopa Village Palo Verde Rillito Martinez Lake Palomas Rincon Matthie Pan Tak Rincon area McConnico Pantano Rio Rico SW McMicken Papago Farm area Rock Point McNeal area Parker area Roosevelt McNeal Generating Plant Paul Spur Rose Well Camp McNeal Generating Plant area Paul Spur area Rough Rock McVay Peach Pu Round Rock Mesa Well Pearce RRR Ranch Mesquite Pia Oik Sacaton Flats Meteor City Picacho Sahuarita Heights Mexican Water Picacho area Salado Mexican Water Trading Post Pima Salina Mica Pima area San Agustin Moenave Pinaveta San Bernardino Ranch Morenci Pinoh San Dionysio Morgantown Pioneer San Jose Morristown Pipyak San Lucas Village Mt. View Pisinimo San Lucia Narcho Santos Pitoikam San Luis area Navajo Plamosa San Manual Nazlini Planet San Miguel Nelson Polacca San Pedro New Hope Portal area San Rafael Newfield Portland Junction San Simon Noah Poston San Simon area Nolic Poston area San Vincente North Komelik Powell area San Xavier North Rim Historic Puerto Cielo Santa Claus Norton Queens Well Sanchez

Chapter 7 104 LOW Sand Spring Tahchee Vicksburg Junction Santa Rosa Tanner Springs Wahak Hotrontk Santa Rosa area Tanque Wahweap Sasabe Tarton Walapai Saud Wells Tat Momili Walpi Schuchk Tatk Kam Vo Webb Schuchuli Tatkum Vo Wellton Secundino Teec Nos Pos Wellton area Sells Tes Nex Iah West Turkey Creek Sentinel Three Way Wheatfields Shaotkam Tin House Whetstone Sheldon Toltec White Hills Sikort Chuapo Toltec area Why Sikul Himatk Tonopah Wickchoupai Sil Nakya Topawa Wide Ruins Silver Bell Topock Wikiup Siovi Shuatak Tortilla Flat Willow Sivili Chuchg Totacon Willow Beach Skoksonak Totopitk Willow Springs Soapbox Canyon Toyei Wintersburg Sombrero Buttel Trail Tank area Wittmann Somerton area Troy Wooden Sonora Tsaile Woodruff South Cove Tsegi Yarnell South Komelik Tucson Estates area Yava St. Davids Tumacacori Yazzi Stan Shuatuk Tuweep Yolk Stanfield Twin Buttes Yuca Stanford Ranch Two Guns Yucca Stanwix Uhs Kug Yuma area Steamboat Canyon Utting Summit Vaiva Vo Sun Valley Valencia Sunizona Valentine Sunrise Valle Siding Sunset Vamori Sunshine Vapolo Havoka Swift Trail Junction Vaya area Tacna Vaya Chin Tacna area Vicksburg

Chapter 7 105 MODERATE Aguila Camp Verde Crozier Ak Chin Campo Bonito Cutter Antares Canes Bed Davis Dam Antares area Carefree Deer Springs Anthem Carrizo Deer Tank Wash Apache Junction Casa Grande Deer Village Subdivision Aripine Casa Grande area Dehorn Arivaca Catalina Desert View Aravaipa Creek Cedar Creek Dewey Arizola Cedar Creek Cross Dewey area Arizona City Centerville Diamond Point Shadow Ash Fork Chambers Dolan Springs Audley Chandler Heights Dos Cabezas Aultman Cherry Douglas area Bagdad Chetco Sanders Douglass Bear Flat Chinle Dragoon Bellevue Chino Valley Dugas Bellevue area Christmas Duquesne Benson Cienega Springs Duquesne area Bignotti Clarksdale Elden Pueblo Bisbee area Clay Springs Elfrida Bisbee Douglas International Airport Clear Creek Feaster area Bisbee Junction Cleaveland Feaster Bitter Springs Clemenceau Florence Black Canyon City Cochise Fort Apache Junction Blue Coconino Fort Defiance Blue Ranger Station Colorado City Fort Huachuca Bowie Colorado City area Fort McDowell Bridgeport Concho Fort Mohave Buckeye Continental Fortuna Hills Bullhead City Coolidge Fountain Hills Bumble Bee Cordes Frazier Wells Bumstead Cordes Lakes Fredonia Burton Cornville Freedom Acres Subdivision Bylass Cottonwood Ft. Thomas Camp Geronimo Courtland Gibson

Chapter 7 106 MODERATE Gila Bend Kykotsmovi Oatman Gila Crossing Lake Havasu City Ocotillo Gilbert Lake Montezuma Old Leupp Gisela Lakeview Trailer Park One Mile Glen llah Leche-e Chapter Page Globe Linden Palominas Globe-Miami Littlefield Paradise Golden Shore Lockett Lake area Paradise Valley Golden Valley Low Mountain Parker Grapevine area Lupton Parker Gove Greasewood Macks Crossing area Parks Green Valley Maine Parson Grove Guadalupe Maish Vaya Patagonia Hackberry Mammoth Paulden Hannigan Meadow Marana Peeples Valley Hawkins Maricopa Penzance Hayden Martinez Ranch Perryville Hidden Valley Maverick Pertleville Higley McGuireville Phillips Ranch Holbrook McMillianville Phoenix Houck McNeal Phoenix metro area Huachuca City Meadview Piedmont Hunters Point Mesa Pierkinsville Jakes Corner Mescal Pimoca Two Jeddito Miami Pinal Jordan Middle Verde Pine Springs Joseph City Mingus Mountain Pinedale K Bar/Coleman Ranch Mint Pinon Kaibab Moccasin Platesite Kaibab Lodge Mojave City Pleasant Valley Kayenta Mount Graham Pomerene Keams Canyon Na Ah Tee Point of Pines Kearny Naco Ponderosa Springs Kehl Spring Navajo Gospel Mission Portal Kelvin Navajo Mountain Mission Prescott Valley King Ranch New River Punkin Center Kinney Junction Nicksville Pumpkin Center Kitt Peak Nogales Quartsite Kohl’s Ranch North Rim Historic Queen Creek Komatke Oak Wells Queen Valley

Chapter 7 107 MODERATE Quivero Sierra Vista Verde Rancho Del Esconidio Silver Creek Verde Glen Ray Place Six Mile Village Vernon area Red Lakes Skull Valley Waddell Red Rock Tank area Snowflake area Wahweep Rimmy Jims Solomon Walnut Grove Rio Rico SE Somerton Wenden Rio Verde Sonoita Whispering Pines Riverside South Santan Whitetail Riverside Acres Sponseller Wickenberg Riviera Spring Valley Wilcox Robbers Roost Sprucedale Wildcow Campground Rock Creek St. John Williams Roosevelt Lake Gardens West St. Michaels Willma Roosevelt Lake Gardens East Star Valley Willow Camp Rose Creek Lodge Stargo Wilmot Rose Creek YMCA Stockton Wingfield Ruby Stringfield Winkelman Ryan Sunflower Winslow Rye Sunsites Yaki Point Sacaton Superior Yampai Safford Sweetwater Young Sahuarita Taylor Young Tank area Salome Teec Nos Pos Chapter House Yuma San Luis Tees Toh Yuma area San Manuel Tempe Zeniff area San Pedro area Thatcher Santa Cruz Third Mesa Santan Thompson Draw Sawmill Tin Mountain Scottsdale Tombstone Second Mesa Tonto Hills Sedona area Truxton Seligman Tuba City Seneca Tubac Sherwood Estates Tucson metro area Sherwood Forest Estates Tutt Shonto Vail Shumway Valle

Chapter 7 108 HIGH Alpine Hawley Lake Pinetop Baha Ranch Heber Pinetop/Lakeside Beaver Valley Highland Park Pinewood (Munds Park) Bellmont Hillside Ponderosa Park Bisbee Hon-Dah Prescott Black Hill Park Houston Mesa (Mesa Del Caballo Subdivision) Red Rock Blue Hill Farms Humbolt Riordan Canyon Day Hunter Creek San Carlos Cave Creek Jacob Lake Sedona Chandler Jerome Sevenmile Christopher Creek Juniper Heights (Prescott) Show Low Cibecue Kingman Snowflake Clifton Lake of the Woods Springerville Colcord Mountain Estates Lakeview Strawberry Congress Mayer Stoneman Lake Crown King McNary Summerhaven Deering Park Estates Morman Lake (Mt Lemmon) Downy Park Mount Lemmon Sun Lakes Eager Mountainaire Supai East Fork Munds Park Tayor area Ehrenberg Navajo Army Depot Tonto Apache Ellison Creek Estates North Rim Developed (Grand Canyon Village) Tonto Estate Flagstaff Northwoods Tonto Village Flowing Spring Subdivision Nutrioso Tonto Village area Forest Lakes Estates Oak Creek Tusayan Fort McDonald Oracle Vernon Fort Terrell Overgaard Washington Park Freedom Acres Oxbow Whispering Pines Subdivision Ganado Payson White Mountain Lakes Estates Geronimo Estates subdivision Peach Springs Whiteriver Grand Canyon Village Peridot Wilhoit Greer Pine Window Rock Groom Creek Pinelake Yavapai Prescott

Chapter 7 109 Chapter 7 110