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THE CELL CYCLE This Presentation Contains Copyrighted Material Under the Educational Fair Use Exemption to the U.S THE CELL CYCLE This presentation contains copyrighted material under the educational fair use exemption to the U.S. copyright law. Cell Division ! aka “mitosis” ! Purposes ! Reproduction " Unicellular ! Growth and Development " Multicellular ! Tissue renewal " Multicellular Binary Fission ! “Division in half” ! Bacteria ! Chromosome duplicates ! Cell grows ! Divides ! Asexual Cell cycle (overview) ! Interphase ! 90% of cell life Interphase ! Cell grows ! Copies chromosomes ! Mitosis ! Nucleus & chromosomes divide ! Cytokinesis ! Cell divides Interphase ! Three steps ! G1 Interphase " Gap 1 ! S " Chromosomes replicate ! G2 " Gap 2 ! Growth happens in all ! Chromosomes “spaghetti-like” Anatomy of mitosis ! Sister chromatids ! Identical copies of DNA ! Centromere ! Holds SCs ! Kinetochore ! Attachment Anatomy of mitosis ! Centriole pairs ! Anchor & Winch ! Kinetochores Centrioles ! Microtubules attach to chromosome ! Spindle fibers ! Attach the two Kinetochores Spindle Fibers Phases of mitosis ! Really a continuum ! Pneumonic Device ! Party people make a trend Interphase ! Chromosomes relaxed ! Chromatin Prophase Prometaphase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Prophase ! Chromosomes condense ! Visible ! Nuclear envelope breaks down ! Spindle fibers form at centriole pairs Prophase Prometaphase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Prometaphase ! Nuclear envelope disappears ! Spindle fibers grow ! Chromosomes move towards center Prophase Prometaphase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Metaphase ! Chromosomes in line ! Metaphase plate ! Centriole pairs 180˚ ! Spindle fibers attach Prophase Prometaphase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Anaphase ! Centromeres split ! Sister chromatids pulled apart ! “daughter chromosomes” ! Constriction of spindle fibers Prophase Prometaphase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Telophase ! Nuclear envelopes reappear ! Chromosomes uncoil ! Spindle fibers disappear Prophase Prometaphase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis ! Division of the cytosol Prophase Prometaphase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis ! Animals ! Cleavage furrow forms ! Plants ! Cell plate forms What phase is this? What phase is this? What phase is this? What phase is this? .
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