Land at Watery Lane

Church Crookham Hampshire

Archaeological Evaluation

for Martin Grant Homes

CA Project: 770385 Report No. 16436

June 2016

Land at Watery Lane Church Crookham Hampshire

Archaeological Evaluation

CA Project: 770385 CA Report: 16436

Document Control Grid Revision Date Author Checked by Status Reasons for Approved revision by A 27/07/16 M. Nichol Richard Internal General Edit Richard Greatorex review Greatorex

This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission.

© Cotswold Archaeology

© Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION ...... 5

2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND ...... 6

3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES ...... 10

4. METHODOLOGY ...... 10

5. RESULTS (FIGURES 2-22) ...... 12

6. THE FINDS ...... 31

7. THE PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE ...... 32

8. DISCUSSION ...... 33

9. CA PROJECT TEAM ...... 38

10. REFERENCES ...... 38

APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS ...... 40 APPENDIX B: THE FINDS ...... 82 APPENDIX C: THE PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE ...... 83 APPENDIX D: OASIS REPORT FORM ...... 84

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Fig. 1 Site location plan (1:25,000) Fig. 2 Trench location plan showing archaeological features, services and Field 1-5 locations (1:2500) Fig. 3 Field 1: Trench location plan showing archaeological features (1:750) Fig. 4 Field 2: Trench location plan showing archaeological features (1:750) Fig. 5 Field 3: Trench location plan showing archaeological features (1:750) Fig. 6 Field 4: Trench location plan showing archaeological features (1:1000) Fig. 7 Field 5: Trench location plan showing archaeological features (1:1000) Fig. 8 Aerial mapping of Chequers Bridge Switch Line (circa 1946) show site location and WW2 tank trap defence Fig. 9 Illustration of Tank Proof Obstacles, Royal Engineers Manual (circa 1936) Fig. 10 Field 2: Trench 90; plan, section & photograph (Pit 9003) Fig. 11 Field 2: Trench 98; plan, section & photographs (Pit 9803) Fig. 12 Field 3: Trench 55; plan, section & photographs (Posthole 5503 & Ditch 5505)

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Fig. 13 Field 3: Trench 59; plan, sections and photographs (Postholes 5909, 5915 & 5923) Fig. 14 Field 4: Trench 31; plan, sections & photographs (Posthole 3109 & Ditch 3117) Fig. 15 Field 4: Trench 37; plan, sections & photographs (Elongated Posthole 3725) Fig. 16 Field 4: Trench 43; plan & photograph Fig. 17 Reinstatement undertaken by CA between Field 4 & Field 5

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Summary

Project Name: Land at Watery Lane Location: Church Crookham, Hampshire NGR: SU 8015 5112 Type: Evaluation Date: 08-23 June 2016 Planning Reference: 14/00504/MAJOR (Appeal Decisions APP/N1730/A/14/2228404, APP/N1730/A/14/2228408) Location of Archive: Hampshire Museum Services Accession Number: TBC Site Code: LWLC 16

An archaeological evaluation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in June 2016 at Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire. Ninety-three trenches were excavated. Archaeological features (of predominantly medieval, post-medieval and modern date) were identified within fifty-eight trenches during the trial trench evaluation; Trenches 63, 64, 66, 69 to 71 and 73 to 76 within Field 1; Trenches 84, 85, 87, 90, 92, 93 and 95 to 99 within Field 2; Trenches 47 to 60 within Field 3; Trenches 29 to 46 within Field 4; and Trenches 8, 20, 24 and 26 to 28 within Field 5.

Within Field 2, a small pit was identified within Trench 90 which contained an assemblage of charcoal remains and a pit containing a small assemblage of potsherds and burnt flint was identified within Trench 98 dating the feature to the late prehistoric period. Both pits are isolated examples indicative of temporary settlement at some point during the prehistoric period. A similar, isolated pit, was also identified within Trench 92, but was undated.

Evidence for ridge-and-furrow was identified to the south-west in Field 2 with a series of three surviving parallel furrows orientated north-east/south-west. Based on their morphology and fill characteristics the ditches are typical of historic farming practices dating to the medieval period. Within Field 3, a ditch system broadly parallel with the existing field boundary network is likely to be associated with historic field boundaries dating to the later medieval and post-medieval periods. A similar ditch sequence of comparable date was found to the north within Field 4 and to the west and south-west within Field 5. Trench 38 in Field 4 contained a series of north/south orientated wheel ruts. Although these features were not excavated and no finds recovered, their location situated parallel to the existing

3 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation east field boundary also suggests a possible later medieval or post-medieval date for the wheel rutting.

One hundred and sixty-one postholes were identified during the trial trench evaluation within Field 1 – 5; all are likely to date to the modern period. Square cut postholes were found within Field 1 and both circular and elongated postholes were found within Fields 2, 3, 4 and 5. Based on their frequent intermittent positioning but also their projected alignments, morphology and fill characteristics and dating evidence, the postholes are likely to form part of an extensive network of Second World War tactical obstacles such as barbed wire entanglements or possible timber constructed tank proof obstacles erected during important anti-invasion defence works. If the features are associated with a network of Second World War tactical obstacles, and this seems likely, then they are located between the southern end of the important Stop Line Defence at Chequers Bridge and to the north of the Area Defence associated with the heavily defended army camp north of Ewshot and are important to our understanding of homeland defence during the Battle of Britain in 1940.

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 In June 2016 Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out an archaeological evaluation for Martin Grant Homes (centred at NGR: SU 8015 5112), and hereafter referred to as the Site (see Figure 1).

1.2 A planning application has been granted by Hart District Council (Ref 14/00504/MAJOR) for up to 315 residential units, land for up to 1,050m2 D1 floor space for a GP surgery including pharmacy and up to 370m2 A1 retail floor space for a convenience food store and associated access, open space, playing pitches including MUGA and car park, landscaping, Suitable Alternative Natural Greenspace (SANG) including car park and improvements to the A287/Redfields Lane junction. A second planning application was also granted (Ref 14/01223/FUL) for a signalised access junction on Redfields Lane to the proposed Albany Park Development.

1.3 These were granted on appeal (Appeal Decisions APP/N1730/A/14/2228404, APP/N1730/A/14/2228408) subject to the following archaeological conditions:

Condition 27 No works shall take place on land to which reserved matters relate until the developer has secured the implementation of a programme of archaeological work in accordance with a Written Scheme of Investigation that has been first submitted to and approved in writing by the local planning authority for that part of the site. The works shall take place in accordance with the approved details.

Condition 28 Following the completion of archaeological fieldwork, a report shall be produced in accordance with an approved programme including where appropriate, post – excavation assessment, specialist analysis and reports.

Condition 29 Prior to their demolition, the pillboxes which will be removed to facilitate the junction improvement of the A287, shall fully be recorded in accordance with a scheme to be submitted to and agreed in writing by the local planning authority.

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1.4 The archaeological evaluation was carried out in accordance with a Written Scheme of Investigation: Archaeological Field Evaluation (WSI) (CA, 2016a) and approved by Neil Adam, Senior Archaeologist for Hampshire County Council (HCC) and archaeological advisor to Hart District Council (HDC) prior to the commencement of fieldwork. The fieldwork also followed the Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Field Evaluation (CIfA 2014), the Management of Archaeological Projects 2 (English Heritage 1991), the Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment (MORPHE): Project Manager’s Guide (EH 2006). The evaluation was managed Cotswold Archaeology (CA) Project Manager Richard Greatorex. The work was monitored by Neil Adam (HCC) to include a site visit on 16 June 2016. All machined trenches were backfilled and reinstatement was completed to the satisfaction of the Client.

The site

1.5 The proposed development area measures approximately 33ha, and comprises a number of fields and paddocks with established hedgerows and wooded areas. It is bounded by agricultural land and woodland to the south and west, by residential development to the east, and by the Basingstoke Canal to the north. The Site is located on a slight incline sloping down towards a stream feeding into the Basingstoke Canal to the north-west at an elevation of approximately 75-90m above Ordnance Datum (aOD). The SANG in the north-west portion of the Site occupies a small hill, the location of a disused quarry.

1.6 The proposed roundabout at the junction of Redfield’s Lane and the A287 encompasses an area of 1ha, encompassing the existing road layout in this area and extending into farmland to the north-east.

1.7 The underlying geology is mapped as clay, silt and sand of the London Clay Formation, overlain by alluvium in the area of the western SANG (BGS Online).

2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND

2.1 A detailed desk-based assessment (DBA) of the archaeological and historical background of the site has been produced by Wessex Archaeology (WA 2014), a summary of which is provided below:

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Prehistoric 2.2 Early prehistoric activity in the local area of the Site is attested by a number of individual and group find spots of Mesolithic flint tools to the south and east. A particular concentration has been recorded at Heath Brow near Ewshot, 2km to the south-east, on a site later occupied by a Bronze Age barrow cemetery. Early prehistoric activity often favours river valleys due to the easy access to resources, and the stream which currently runs through the northern part of the Site may have been attractive to these communities.

2.3 A concentration of Bronze Age material was found during excavations at Hitches Lane to the north of the Study Area and this was used to date a series of post pits interpreted as forming a large and small pair of concentric timber circles possibly representative of a later prehistoric meeting place.

2.4 The large multivallate Iron Age hillfort of Caesar’s Camp lies 3km to the east of the Site on an irregular promontory on the Bagshot series of sands and gravels. Partial excavation of the interior has recorded evidence of domestic structures and environmental evidence indicative of extended occupation and later reuse. The site developed from a univallate to a multivallate hillfort indicates that the site served an important role in the community of that period and continued to act as a focus of activities.

2.5 Within the Study Area an archaeological evaluation undertaken in 2011 at Queen Elizabeth Barracks found evidence of possible Middle Iron Age occupation c.1 km east of the Site.

Romano-British 2.6 The occupation of this period in the area of the Site is likely to have been comprised of a number of small, scattered settlements in a largely agricultural landscape. The Roman road between Winchester and London is thought to have run south-west to north-east in the general alignment of the modern A31. The minor settlement of Vindomis is believed to have been situated on this route way, close to Neatham, and a low level pottery industry has been indicated at Farnham through the discovery of a number of kilns. Roman villas are known at Alton, Farnham and at Barley Pound. A mosaic pavement was recorded on the latter.

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2.7 Recent excavations at Hitches Lane 2km to the north of the Study Area have recorded concentrations of finds and features indicative of occupation of mid-Roman date. Pits, post-holes, gullies and ditches of indeterminate plan were found at this site, many of which contained mid-late 2nd to late 3rd century pottery. The focus of this activity is believed to lie to the south of the area investigated for development, towards Crookham village, with poorly dated features likely associated with agricultural boundaries to the north.

Medieval 2.8 Earthworks at Barley Pound 3km to the south of the Site, define a good example of a ring and bailey castle of probable 12th century construction. It is likely that the fortress formed part of the defensive network of sites which stretched across the landscape during the turbulent mid-12th century and the civil wars of Stephen and Matilda. It has been suggested that the site was abandoned in favour of Farnham Castle following the siege of 1147, during which time the motte and bailey fortress of Powderham Castle was constructed 500m to the north-west.

2.9 In the 11th century the Iron Age hillfort at Caesar’s Camp formed part of the Farnham estate of the Bishop of Winchester and by the 13th century it was one of three parks attached to Farnham Castle. The prehistoric defences were reused as part of a pale park.

2.10 Velmead Farmhouse at the north-eastern boundary of the Site, was first documented in 1341 AD as ‘Feldmede’, translated as ‘meadow land by the open country’. This indicates that in this period the Site, and much of the local area, was part of an agricultural landscape interspersed with small settlements such as Crookham and Crondall. The presence of the stream running north to south through the western area would have precluded intensive utilisation of these fields, being liable to seasonal flooding.

Post-medieval and modern 2.11 The Site and the Study Area seem to have retained their rural character throughout the post-medieval period and there is no indication of any significant development during much of this period. Church Crookham itself originates in the 1840’s when a settlement developed around a new church was built between the pre-existing religious centres at Crookham and Crondall.

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2.12 The earliest cartographic depiction of the Site consulted for this study is the 1846 Crondall Tithe Map. At this date the Basingstoke Canal to the north of the Site had already been constructed and the surrounding landscape was populated with farms and fields of post-medieval enclosure type.

2.13 Early editions of Ordnance Survey mapping (1873, 1897 and 1961-62) show little change within the Site and its environs, with the pattern of field boundaries remaining similar to those displayed on the Tithe map. The southern and western sections of the Site demonstrate continuity of boundary from the 1846 tithe to the present day, the north/eastern section, that area bounded by Water Lane and the Basingstoke Canal was subdivided into a number of smaller fields until the late 20th century when part of the land was developed as playing fields.

2.14 Church Crookham was on Line A of the GHQ (General Headquarters) line of defences constructed from 1940 as a response to the threat of a German invasion in World War II. GHQ Line A was divided into sectors falling within South Aldershot Sub-Area, numbers 3 and 4 of which led to Warren Corner in Crondall, to the south- east of the Application Area. One of these sectors runs to the north of the A287, crossing the route of the road at Dares Farm in the area of the proposed roundabout junction improvements where Pillbox HER 24237 and Pillbox HER 24208 are located (CA, 2016b). The principal defensive obstacle was an anti-tank ditch or tank trap. The anti-tank obstacle was in part at least a hand-dug by troops from Aldershot Garrison, and in front of that forward part of the Line a demolition belt was planned. The approximate course of this section of the Line A would suggest there is the potential that backfilled earthwork remains, such as the anti-tank ditch may be situated in the area of the proposed roundabout.

2.15 The area has been assessed to have been potentially the most heavily defended location in the country during the Second World War.

2.16 There are a high density of military defence features of this period within the Study Area. These include anti-tank ditches and obstacles, barbed wire entanglements, and a very high number of pillboxes (32 predominantly of type 24) and Vickers machine gun emplacements (10). Two of the latter are located within the northern portion of the Site, beyond the area designated as housing. An additional two type 24 pillboxes are recorded at the proposed roundabout within the Hampshire AHBR. Both of these survive as extant structures in a good state of preservation. The

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monuments follow the course of Line A running between Ewshot and Crondall at the western edge of the Study Area, and are densely clustered on the heavily defended ridge at Ridding’s Copse to the south of the Queen Elizabeth Barracks.

3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

3.1 The objectives of the evaluation were to provide information about the archaeological resource within the site, including its presence/absence, character, extent, date, integrity, state of preservation and quality. In accordance with the Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Field Evaluation (CIfA 2014), the evaluation was designed to be minimally intrusive and minimally destructive to archaeological remains. The information gathered will enable Hampshire County Council to identify and assess the particular significance of any heritage asset, consider the impact of the proposed development upon it, and to avoid or minimise conflict between the heritage asset’s conservation and any aspect of the development proposal, in line with the National Planning Policy Framework (DCLG 2012).

4. METHODOLOGY

4.1 Ninety-three trial trenches were machine excavated within five fields (Field 1 – 5) in June 2016. All machine excavated trenches measured approximately 30m x 1.8m with exception of three trenches; Trench 66 in Field 1 which measured 40m x 1.8m, Trench 100 in Field 2 which measured 39m x 1.8m, and Trench 47 in Field 3 which measured 35m x 1.8m (see Figures 2-7).

4.2 Seven Trenches were not machine excavated; Trench 67 within Field 1 and Trench 77 within Field 2 were inaccessible during the evaluation and not machine excavated due to dense scrub located within the vicinity. Trenches 78, 79, 80, 81 and 82 were inaccessible and not machine excavated due to their location positioned within and area of dense scrubland and woodland between Fields 2 and Field 3 (see Figures 2, 3 & 4).

4.3 Trenches 62 and 66 within Field 1, Trenches 84, 90, 97, 98, 99 and 100 within Field 2, Trench 31 within Field 4 and Trenches 17 and 26 within Field 5 were moved several metres due to on site obstructions such as existing fence lines,

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temporary above ground obstructions or over hanging tree canopies. Trench 43 within Field 4 was machine excavated safely between an overhead service located to the north and an overhanging tree canopy located to the south of the trench (see Figures 2, 3, 4, 6 & 7).

4.4 An ecology specialist was present during breakthrough of two existing hedgerows located at two access points between Field 3 and Field 4 and also between Field 4 and Field 5 on 9th & 15th June 2016 respectively after consultation with the specialist. Reinstatement was undertaken by CA between Field 4 and Field 5 upon completion and backfill of Field 5 on 17 June 2016 during the trial trench evaluation (see Figures 2 & 17).

4.5 Excavated trial trenches were set out on OS National Grid (NGR) co-ordinates using Leica GPS. The final completed trench survey was recorded using Leica GPS in accordance with CA Technical Manual 4 Survey Manual.

4.6 Due regard for known services was undertaken prior to, during excavation and upon completion of the work at the Site. All work was undertaken in accordance with the Health & Safety at Work Act 1974 and Safe Systems of Work for – Excavations, Working Outdoors, Avoiding Overhead Services & Underground Services, Asbestos and Substances/Contaminated ground and correct PPE worn at all times.

4.7 All trial trenches were excavated by mechanical excavator equipped with a toothless grading bucket. All machine excavation was undertaken under constant archaeological supervision to the top of the first significant archaeological horizon or the natural geological horizon, whichever was encountered first. Where archaeological deposits were encountered they were excavated by hand in accordance with CA Technical Manual 1: Fieldwork Recording Manual.

4.8 Deposits was assessed for palaeo-environmental potential in accordance with CA Technical Manual 2: The Taking and Processing of Environmental and Other Samples from Archaeological Sites and sampled. All artefacts were processed in accordance with Technical Manual 3 Treatment of Finds Immediately after Excavation.

4.9 The archive and artefacts from the evaluation are currently held by CA at their offices in Andover and Kemble. Subject to the agreement of the legal landowner the

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artefacts will be deposited with Hampshire Museums Service along with the site archive. A summary of information from this project, set out within Appendix D, will be entered onto the OASIS online database of archaeological projects in Britain.

5. RESULTS (FIGURES 2-22)

5.1 This section provides an overview of the evaluation results; detailed summaries of the recorded contexts and the finds are contained within Appendices A, B & C respectively.

5.2 All trenches containing archaeology have been grouped into specific field numbers, (Field 1 – 5) depending on which field they were located. Modern postholes of possible Second World War date were also found within each field across the Site.

5.3 Ninety-three trial trenches were machine excavated within five fields (Field 1 – 5) in June 2016. Archaeological features (of predominantly medieval, post- medieval/modern date) were identified during the trial trench evaluation within fifty- eight trenches; (Field 1 – 5), (see Table 1 & Figures 2-7);

Archaeology Field 1 Trenches 63, 64, 66, 69 to 71 and 73 to 76 Field 2 Trenches 84, 85, 87, 90, 92, 93 and 95 to 99 Field 3 Trenches 47 to 60 Field 4 Trenches 29 to 46 Field 5 Trenches 8, 20, 24 and 26 to 28

Table 1: Archaeological features found within trenches

5.4 No archaeological features or deposits were found during the trial trench evaluation within thirty-five trenches, Field 1, 2, 3 and 5 (see Table 2 & Figures 2, 3, 4, 5 & 7);

Archaeology Field 1 Trenches 61, 62, 65, 68 and 72 Field 2 Trenches 83, 86, 88, 89, 91, 94 and 100 Field 3 Trench 57 Field 5 Trenches 1 to 7 and 9 to 19, 21 to 23 and 25

Table 2: No archaeological features found within trenches 5.5 Artefact evidence was recovered from Trenches 30 and 37 within Field 4, Trenches 87, 93, 95, 97 and 98 within Field 2 (see Figures 2 & 3).

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5.6 Land drains, including many ceramic, were identified within sixty-seven trenches in Field 1 - 5; Trenches 61 to 68 and 70 to 76 within Field 1; Trenches 92 to 94 and 96 and 100 within Field 2; Trenches 47, 50 to 58 within Field 3; Trenches 29 to 37 and 39 to 46 within Field 4; Trenches 1, 6, 8 to 24 and 26 to 28 within Field 5 (see Figures 2 & 7).

5.7 Tree-throws were identified within fourteen trenches in Field 1 - 5; Trench 72 within Field 1; Trenches 95, 97, 98 and 99 within Field 2; Trenches 51 and 53 within Field 3; Trenches 30 and 32 within Field 4; Trenches 6, 9, 14, 16 and 18 within Field 5 (see Figure 2 & 7).

5.8 A modern disused blue plastic water pipe was identified within Trench 56 within Field 3 (see Figures 2 & 5).

Field 1

Trench 63 (Figures 2 & 3) 5.9 Trench 63 was located to the north-west within Field 1 and contained a single archaeological feature; posthole 6303 was broadly square in plan and contained an unexcavated fill 6304. No finds were identified. Trench 63 also contained a land drain.

Trench 64 (Figures 2 & 3) 5.10 Trench 64 was located to the north-west within Field 1 and contained two archaeological features; postholes 6403 and 6405. The postholes were broadly square in plan, contained an unexcavated fill and no finds were identified. Trench 64 also contained a land drain.

Trench 66 (Figures 2 & 3) 5.11 Trench 66 was located to the north-east within Field 1 and contained six archaeological features; postholes 6603, 6605, 6607, 6609, 6611 and posthole 6613. The postholes were broadly square in plan, contained an unexcavated fill and no finds were identified. Trench 66 also contained three land drains.

Trench 69 (Figures 2 & 3) 5.12 Trench 69 was located to the west within Field 1 and contained seven archaeological features; postholes 6903, 6905, 6907, 6909, 6911, 6913 and

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posthole 6915. The postholes were broadly square in plan, contained an unexcavated fill and no finds were identified.

Trench 70 (Figures 2 & 3) 5.13 Trench 70 was located centrally within Field 1 and contained four archaeological features; postholes 7003, 7005, 7007 and 7009. The postholes were broadly square in plan, contained an excavated fill and no finds were identified. Trench 70 also contained three land drains.

Trench 71 (Figures 2 & 3) 5.14 Trench 71 was located to the south-east within Field 1 and contained six archaeological features; postholes 7103, 7105, 7107, 7109, 7111 and posthole 7113. The postholes were broadly square in plan, contained an unexcavated fill and no finds were identified. Trench 71 also contained two land drains.

Trench 73 (Figures 2 & 3) 5.15 Trench 73 was located to the south-west within Field 1 and contained six archaeological features; postholes 7303, 7305, 7307, 7309, 7311 and posthole 7313. The postholes were broadly square in plan, contained an unexcavated fill and no finds were identified. Trench 73 also contained six land drains.

Trench 74 (Figures 2 & 3) 5.16 Trench 74 was located to the south within Field 1 and contained four archaeological features; postholes 7403, 7405, 7407 and posthole 7409. The postholes were broadly square in plan, contained an unexcavated fill and no finds were identified. Trench 74 also contained a land drain.

Trench 75 (Figures 2 & 3) 5.17 Trench 75 was located to the south within Field 1 and contained four archaeological features; gully 7503, postholes 7505, 7507 and 7509 and two land drains. Posthole 7505, 7507 and 7509 appear to be on an east/west alignment.

5.18 Gully 7503 was linear in plan and located to the east within the trench. The gully was orientated north-east/south-west, comprised a u-shaped profile with gradual to steep sides and flat base and contained a single fill 7504. No finds were identified. Gully 7503 is likely to be a land drain similar to other examples found within Field 1.

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5.19 Posthole 7505 was broadly square in plan and comprised gradual sides, a flat base. Postholes 7507 and 7509 were also broadly square in plan and contained an unexcavated fill. No finds were identified.

Trench 76 (Figures 2 & 3) 5.20 Trench 76 was located to the south within Field 1 and contained two archaeological features; postholes 7603 and 7605 were broadly square in plan, contained an unexcavated fill and no finds were identified. Trench 76 also contained three land drains.

Field 2

Trench 84 (Figures 2 & 4) 5.21 Trench 84 was located to the north within Field 2 and contained a single archaeological feature; posthole 8403 was broadly circular in plan. The shallow posthole comprised gradual to steep sides, a concave base and contained a single fill 8404. No finds were identified.

Trench 85 (Figures 2 & 4) 5.22 Trench 85 was located to the north within Field 2 and contained four archaeological features; gullies 8503, 8505 and gully 8507 and posthole 8509.

5.23 Gully 8503 was linear in plan, orientated north-east/south-west, comprised a U- shaped profile with gradual sides and contained a single fill 8504. Gully 8503 is likely to be a land drain contemporary with gully 8505 located immediately to the south. No physical relationship was identified. Other land drains with a similar morphology and fill characteristics were found elsewhere within Field 2. No finds were identified.

5.24 Gully 8505 was L-shaped in plan, orientated north-east/south-west and north- west/south-east, comprised a u-shaped profile with gradual sides and contained a single fill 8506. Gully 8505 is likely to be a land drain contemporary with gully 8503 located immediately to the north. No physical relationship was identified. Other land drains with a similar morphology and fill characteristics were found elsewhere within Field 2. No finds were recovered.

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5.25 Gully 8507 was linear in plan, orientated north-west/south-east, comprised a u- shaped profile with gradual sides and contained a single fill 8508. Gully 8507 is likely to be a field drain. Field drainage with a similar morphology and fill characteristics were found elsewhere within Field 2. No finds were recovered.

5.26 Posthole 8509 was broadly circular in plan, comprised gradual sides and a concave base and contained a single fill 8510. No finds were recovered.

Trench 87 (Figures 2 & 4) 5.27 Trench 87 was located to the north within Field 2 and contained six archaeological features; postholes 8703, 8705, 8707, 8709, 8711 and posthole 8713. The postholes were broadly circular in plan, comprised gradual sides, a concave or flat base and contained a single fill. No finds were recovered, except for a small fragment of ceramic building material (CBM) recovered from fill 8704 in posthole 8703 and an iron U-shaped spike thought to be a joiner’s staple dating to the Roman or medieval periods was recovered from fill 8710 in posthole 8709. Both finds are likely to be residual.

Trench 90 (Figures 2, 4 & 10) 5.28 Trench 90 was located to the west within Field 2 and contained a single archaeological feature; pit 9003 was a small isolated feature, broadly circular in plan, comprised gradual sides, a concave base and an assemblage of late prehistoric flint flakes and several potsherds were recovered from the single fill 9004. A soil sample 1000 was recovered from fill 9004 and contained a small charred plant assemblage including a fragment of sloe (Prunus spinosa) stone. The assemblage may represent a dump of hearth material and is indicative of some settlement activity in the vicinity.

Trench 92 (Figures 2 & 4) 5.29 Trench 92 was located to the east within Field 2 and contained a single archaeological feature; pit 9203 was broadly oval in plan, comprised gradual sides, a concave base and contained a single fill 9204. No finds were identified. Trench 92 also contained a land drain.

Trench 93 (Figures 2 & 4) 5.30 Trench 93 was located to the south-east within Field 2 and contained six archaeological features; posthole 9303 was broadly circular in plan, comprised vertical sides, a concave base and a fragment of medieval ceramic building material

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(CBM) was recovered from the single fill 9304. Postholes 9305, 9307, 9309, 9311 and posthole 9313 were broadly circular in plan, contained an unexcavated fill and no finds were identified. A single potsherd of glazed earthenware dating to the post- medieval period was recovered from topsoil 9300. Trench 93 also contained two land drains.

Trench 95 (Figures 2 & 4) 5.31 Trench 95 was located to the south within Field 2 and contained five archaeological features; posthole 9503 was broadly circular in plan, comprised vertical sides, a flat base and contained a single fill 9504. Postholes 9505, 9507, 9509 and posthole 9511 were broadly circular in plan, contained an unexcavated fill and no finds were identified. A single potsherd of glazed earthenware and an iron gate fitting dating to the post-medieval period were recovered from topsoil 9500. Trench 95 also contained a tree throw.

Trench 96 (Figures 2 & 4) 5.32 Trench 96 was located to the south within Field 2 and contained three archaeological features; posthole 9603 comprised gradual sides, a concave base and contained a single fill 9604, posthole 9605 comprised steep sides, a concave base and contained a single fill 9606, posthole 9607 comprised gradual sides, a flat base and contained a single fill 9608. All the postholes were broadly circular in plan and no finds were identified. Trench 96 also contained a land drain.

Trench 97 (Figures 2 & 4) 5.33 Trench 97 was located to the south-west within Field 2 and contained two archaeological features; ditches 9703 and 9707 and four treethrows, to include treethrow 9705. Burnt flint and a flint flake dating to the prehistoric period were recovered from the single fill 9706 in treethrow 9705. A single fragment of ceramic building material (CBM) and an iron object of unknown date were recovered from topsoil 9700.

5.34 Ditch 9703 was linear in plan, orientated north-east/south-west, comprised a U- shaped profile with gradual sides and an undated iron nail was recovered from the single fill 9704. Ditch 9703 is parallel with ditch 9707 located further south within the trench. Based on the morphology and fill characteristics, ditches 9703 and 9707 are likely to represent the remains of furrows dating to the medieval period, similar to two possible furrows found within Trench 99 located further south.

17 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

5.35 Ditch 9707 was linear in plan, orientated north-east/south-west and contained unexcavated fill 9708. No finds were identified. Ditch 9707 is likely to be the same as ditch 9903 in Trench 99. The ditch is parallel with ditch 9703 located further north within the trench. Based on the morphology and fill characteristics, ditches 9707 and 9703 are likely to represent furrows dating to the medieval period similar to two possible furrows found within Trench 99 located further south.

Trench 98 (Figures 2, 4 & 11) 5.36 Trench 98 was located to the south-west within Field 2 and contained a single archaeological feature; pit or ditch terminus 9803 was broadly oval in plan, comprised gradual sides and a concave base and an assemblage of late prehistoric burnt flint and potsherds were recovered from the single fill 9804. A single potsherd of refined white ware dating to the post-medieval period was recovered from topsoil 9800. Trench 98 also contained three natural features; treethrow 9805, 9807 and 9809.

Trench 99 (Figures 2 & 4) 5.37 Trench 99 was located to the south-west within Field 2 and contained two archaeological features; ditches 9903 and 9905 and a tree throw.

5.38 Ditch 9903 was linear in plan, orientated north-east/south-west, comprised a shallow U-shaped profile with gradual sides and contained a single fill 9904. No finds were identified. Ditch 9903 is likely to the same as ditch 9707 in Trench 97. The ditch is parallel with ditch 9905 located further east within Trench 99. Based on the morphology and fill characteristics, ditches 9903 and 9905 are likely to represent the remains of furrows dating to the medieval period, similar to two possible furrows found within Trench 97 located further north.

5.39 Ditch 9905 was linear in plan, orientated north-east/south-west, comprised a shallow uneven profile with gradual sides and contained a single fill 9906. No finds were identified. Ditch 9905 is parallel with ditch 9903 located further west within the trench. Based on the morphology and fill characteristics, ditches 9905 and 9903 are likely to represent the remains of furrows dating to the medieval period, similar to two possible furrows found within Trench 97 located further north.

18 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

Field 3

Trench 47 (Figures 2 & 5) 5.40 Trench 47 was located to the north-west within Field 3 and contained a single archaeological feature; ditch 4707 was linear in plan, orientated north-east/south- west, comprised a u-shaped profile with gradual sides, a flat base and contained a single fill 4708. No finds were identified. Ditch 4707 is likely to be the same as ditch 4903 in Trench 49. Based on the morphology and fill characteristics, ditches 4707 and 4903 are likely to represent a field boundary ditch of unknown date. Trench 47 also contained two modern features; land drains 4703 and 4705.

Trench 48 (Figures 2 & 5)

5.41 Trench 48 was located to the north-west within Field 3 and contained a single archaeological feature; posthole 4803 was broadly circular in plan, comprised gradual to steep sides and a flat base and contained a single fill 4804. No finds were identified.

Trench 49 (Figures 2 & 5)

5.42 Trench 49 was located to the west within Field 3 and contained a single archaeological feature; ditch 4903 was linear in plan, orientated north-east/south- west, contained an unexcavated fill and no finds were identified. Ditch 4903 is likely to be the same as ditch 4707 in Trench 47. Based on the morphology and fill characteristics, ditches 4903 and 4707 are likely to represent a field boundary ditch of unknown date.

Trench 50 (Figures 2 & 5)

5.43 Trench 50 was located to the north within Field 3 and contained two archaeological features; gully 5003 and posthole 5005. Trench 50 also contained a land drain.

5.44 Gully 5003 was linear in plan, orientated north/south, comprised a U-shaped profile with gradual sides and contained a single fill 5004. No finds were identified. Gully 5003 is likely to be a land drain similar to other examples found within Field 3.

5.45 Posthole 5005 was broadly circular in plan, comprised gradual to steep sides, an uneven concave base and contained a single fill 5006. The posthole suffered from root disturbance. No finds were identified.

19 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

Trench 51 (Figures 2 & 5)

5.46 Trench 51 was located to the centrally within Field 3 and contained four archaeological features; posthole 5103 comprised steep sides, a flat base and contained a single fill 5104 and postholes 5107 and 5109 and contained an unexcavated fill. All the postholes were broadly circular in plan. Possible hedgerow 5105 containing a single fill 5106 was orientated north-east/south-west and comprised an irregular and an uneven profile and no finds were identified. Trench 51 also contained three treethrows. No finds were identified

Trench 52 (Figures 2 & 5)

5.47 Trench 52 was located to the south-west within Field 3 and contained two archaeological features; posthole 5207 comprised very gradual sides, a concave base and contained a single fill 5208 and posthole 5203 contained an unexcavated fill. Both postholes were broadly square in plan and no finds were identified. Trench 52 also contained a modern feature; land drain 5205 which is on the same north- west/south-east alignment as gully 5303 recorded in Trench 53 and is also similar to other examples found within Field 3. . Trench 53 (Figures 2 & 5)

5.48 Trench 53 was located to the south within Field 3 and contained two archaeological features; gully 5303 and posthole 5305. Posthole 5305 was broadly square in plan with steep sides and a flat base and contained a single fill. No finds were identified. gully 5303 is on the same north-west/south-east alignment as land drain 5205 in Trench 52 and is also similar to other modern examples found within Field 3. Trench 53 also contained another land drain and a tree throw.

Trench 54 (Figures 2 & 5)

5.49 Trench 54 was located to centrally within Field 3 and contained four archaeological features; postholes 5403 and 5407 comprised steep sides, a concave base and contained a single fill. Postholes 5405 and 5409 contained an unexcavated fill. All the postholes were broadly circular in plan, appear to be on an east/west alignment and no finds were identified. Trench 54 also contained a land drain.

20 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

Trench 55 (Figures 2, 5 & 12)

5.50 Trench 55 was located to the east within Field 3 and contained two archaeological features; posthole 5503 and ditch 5505. Trench 55 also contained a land drain.

5.51 Posthole 5503 was broadly circular in plan, comprised a shallow profile with gradual sides and a flat base and contained a single fill 5504. No finds were identified.

5.52 Ditch 5505 was linear in plan, orientated broadly north-east/south-west, comprised a U-shaped profile with gradual sides and contained a single fill 5506. No finds were identified but an ‘in situ’ red fired clay ceramic drainage pipe was found at the base of the ditch. Ditch 5505 is likely to the same as ditch 5803 in Trench 58 and ditch 5941 in Trench 59. Based on the similar morphology and fill characteristics, ditches 5505, 5803 and 5941 are likely to represent a field boundary ditch dating to the post- medieval period. Ditch 5603 in Trench 56 is also likely to be associated.

Trench 56 (Figures 2 & 5)

5.53 Trench 56 was located to the east within Field 3 and contained a single archaeological feature; ditch 5603 was possibly linear in plan, orientated broadly north-west/south-east, comprised a u-shaped profile with gradual sides, a flat base and contained a single fill 5604. The ditch was only partially excavated due to its location to the north of the trench. No finds were identified. Ditch 5603 is likely to represent a field boundary ditch dating to the post-medieval period. Trench 56 also contained a land drain and a modern defunct blue plastic water pipe.

Trench 58 (Figures 2 & 5)

5.54 Trench 58 was located to the south-east within Field 3 and contained a single archaeological feature; ditch 5803 was linear in plan, orientated broadly north- east/south-west, contained a single unexcavated fill and no finds were identified. Ditch 5803 is possibly contemporary with ditches 5505 and 5941. Based on the ditch morphology and fill characteristics, the feature is likely to represent a field boundary ditch dating to the post-medieval period. Trench 58 also contained a linear feature located immediately to the east of ditch 5803; it is possible this feature, although interpreted as a natural anomaly, is likely to be associated with ditch 5943 found in Trench 59.

21 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

Trench 59 (Figures 2, 5 & 13)

5.55 Trench 59 was located to the south-east within Field 3 and contained twenty-one archaeological features including two parallel lines of nineteen postholes and a double ditch field boundary system; postholes 5903, 5905, 5907, 5909, 5911, 5913, 5915, 5917, 5919, 5921, 5923, 5925, 5927, 5929, 5931, 5933, 5935, 5937 and 5939 and ditch 5941 and 5943.

5.56 Posthole 5923 comprised a u-shaped profile, contained a single fill 5924 and no finds were identified. Postholes 5903, 5907, 5911, 5913, 5917, 5921, 5927, 5929, 5931, 5935 and Posthole 5939 were broadly circular in plan and appear to be aligned broadly east/west, contained an unexcavated fill and no finds were identified. Posthole 5931 cut fill 5944 from ditch 5943.

5.57 Posthole 5909 contained a single fill 5910 and posthole 5915 contained a single fill 5916 with both comprising steep sides and a flat base. No finds were identified. Postholes 5905, 5919, 5925, 5933 and posthole 5937 contained an unexcavated fill. All appear to be aligned broadly east/west. No finds were identified

5.58 Ditch 5941 was linear in plan, orientated north/south and contained unexcavated fill 5942. Ditch 5943 was linear in plan, orientated north/south and contained unexcavated fill 5944. No finds were identified. Ditch 5941 is parallel with ditch 5943 located further east within the trench. Based on the morphology and fill characteristics, ditches 5941 and 5943 are likely to represent a double ditch field boundary dating to the post-medieval period, similar to, and possibly contemporary with the ditches found within Trench 58 and 55 located further north.

Trench 60 (Figures 2 & 5)

5.59 Trench 60 was located to the south within Field 3 and contained a single archaeological feature; posthole 6003 was broadly circular in plan, comprised a shallow profile with gradual to steep sides and a flat base and contained a single fill 6004. No finds were identified.

22 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

Field 4

Trench 29 (Figures 2 & 6)

5.60 Trench 29 was located to the north within Field 4 and contained two archaeological features; posthole 2905 comprised steep sides, a flat base and contained a single fill 2906. Posthole 2903 contained an unexcavated fill. Both postholes were broadly circular in plan and no finds were identified. Trench 29 also contained a land drain.

Trench 30 (Figures 2 & 6)

5.61 Trench 30 was located to the north within Field 4 and contained two archaeological features; ditch 3003 and posthole 3005. Trench 30 also contained five land drains and a treethrow.

5.62 Ditch 3003 was linear in plan, orientated north/south and a small assemblage of 13th to 15th century AD potsherds were recovered from the single fill 3004 can be dated to the 13th to 15th century AD. It is possible the ditch is likely to be the same as ditch 3117 in Trench 31. Based on the morphology and fill characteristics of Ditch 3003, the feature is likely to represent a field boundary ditch dating to the medieval or post-medieval period, similar to the ditches found within Trenches 55, 56, 58 and 59 located within Field 3. Posthole 3005 was broadly circular in plan and contained an unexcavated fill. No finds were identified.

Trench 31 (Figures 2, 6 & 14)

5.63 Trench 31 was located to the north within Field 4 and contained eleven archaeological features including two parallel lines of postholes; postholes 3103, 3105, 3107, 3109, 3111, 3113, 3115 and posthole 3119, ditch 3117, pit/ditch terminus 3121 and 3123. Trench 31 also contained a land drain.

5.64 Posthole 3105 comprised a u-shaped profile and contained a single fill 3106. Posthole 3109 comprised steep sides and a flat base and contained a single fill 3110. Postholes 3103, 3107, 3111 and posthole 3115 contained an unexcavated fill and no finds were identified. All the postholes were broadly circular in plan and appear to be aligned broadly east/west.

23 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

5.65 Postholes 3109 and 3113 were broadly circular in plan, contained an unexcavated fill and no finds were identified. The postholes appear to be aligned broadly east/west.

5.66 Ditch 3117 was broadly curvilinear in plan, orientated north-east/south-west, comprised a U-shaped profile with a flat base and contained a single fill 3118. No finds were identified. It is possible the ditch is likely to be the same as ditch 3003 in Trench 30. Based on the morphology and fill characteristics of ditch 3117, the feature is likely to represent a field boundary ditch dating to the medieval or post- medieval period, similar to the ditches found within Trenches 55, 56, 58 and 59 located within Field 3.

5.67 Pit/ditch terminus 3121 was broadly oval in plan, comprised gradual sides, an uneven base and contained a single fill 3122. No finds were identified. It is possible the feature is likely to be the same as ditch 3003 in Trench 30.

5.68 Ditch 3123 was broadly curvilinear in plan, comprised a u-shaped profile and contained a single fill 3124. Two fragments of horse bone (Equus callabas) were recovered from the fill 3124. This species has been a commonly exploited domestic animal since the Late Bronze Age.

Trench 32 (Figures 2 & 6)

5.69 Trench 32 was located to the north within Field 4 and contained a single archaeological feature; posthole 3203 was broadly circular in plan, comprised steep sides and a flat base, contained a single fill 3204 and no finds were identified. Trench 32 also contained two land drains and a treethrow.

Trench 33 (Figures 2 & 6)

5.70 Trench 33 was located to the north within Field 4 and contained three archaeological features; posthole 3303 and gullies 3305 and 3307. Trench 33 also contained two land drains.

5.71 Posthole 3303 was broadly circular in plan, comprised steep sides and a flat base, contained a single fill 3304 and no finds were identified.

24 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

5.72 Gully 3305 was linear in plan, orientated north-east/south-west, contained a single fill 3306 and no finds were identified. Gully 3305 is likely to be a field drain which appears to be cut by gully 3307 located immediately south. Field drainage with a similar morphology and fill characteristics were found elsewhere within Field 4.

5.73 Gully 3307 was linear in plan, orientated north-west/south-east, contained a single fill 3308 and no finds were identified. Gully 3307 is likely to be a field drain which appears to cut gully 3305 located immediately north. Field drainage with a similar morphology and fill characteristics were found elsewhere within Field 4.

Trench 34 (Figures 2 & 6)

5.74 Trench 34 was located centrally within Field 4 and contained two archaeological features; posthole 3403 comprised a u-shaped profile and contained a single fill 3404 and posthole 3405 contained an unexcavated fill. The postholes were broadly circular in plan. No finds were identified. Trench 34 also contained three land drains.

Trench 35 (Figures 2 & 6)

5.75 Trench 35 was located to the west within Field 4 and contained two archaeological features; postholes 3503 and 3505 were broadly circular in plan, contained an unexcavated fill and no finds were identified. Trench 35 also contained three land drains.

Trench 36 (Figures 2 & 6)

5.76 Trench 36 was located centrally within Field 4 and contained two archaeological features; postholes 3603 and 3605 were broadly circular in plan, contained an unexcavated fill and no finds were identified. Trench 36 also contained two land drains.

Trench 37 (Figures 2, 6 & 15)

5.77 Trench 37 was located centrally within Field 4 and contained thirteen archaeological features to include four parallel lines of postholes; elongated postholes 3703, 3705, 3707, 3711, 3715, 3725, 3727 and postholes 3709, 3713, 3717, 3719, 3721 and posthole 3723. Trench 37 also contained a land drain. A small assemblage of burnt flint was recovered from topsoil 3700.

25 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

5.78 Posthole 3709 comprised a v-shaped profile and contained a single fill 3710. Postholes 3713 and 3717 contained an unexcavated fill. No finds were identified. The postholes were broadly circular in plan, appear to be aligned east/west and may be associated with postholes 3719, 3721 and 3723.

5.79 Posthole 3721 comprised a V-shaped profile and contained a single fill 3722. Postholes 3719 and 3723 contained an unexcavated fill. No finds were identified. The postholes were broadly circular in plan, appear to be aligned east/west and may be associated with postholes 3709, 3713 and 3717.

5.80 Elongated posthole 3705 comprised a U-shaped profile and contained a single fill 3706. Elongated postholes 3703 and 3707 contained an unexcavated fill. No finds were identified. The elongated postholes were broadly similar in plan, appear to be aligned east/west and may represent evidence for timber support posts associated with postholes 3709, 3713 and 3717.

5.81 Elongated posthole 3725 comprised a U-shaped profile with a flat base within which an unidentified type of timber, timber 3729 was found. Fill 3726 was located above Ttmber 3729 within elongated posthole 3725. Timber 3729 measured 0.92m in length and up to 0.1m in diameter and extended along the length of the elongated posthole. The timber was unworked but had been crudely sawn at either end of its length. Several heavily corroded iron nails had been positioned vertically into the ground immediately either side of the central area of the timber, to possibly fix the wood into position within the elongated posthole. The timber is likely to represent a base for a timber support. Elongated posthole 3727 contained an unexcavated fill. No other finds were identified. The elongated postholes were broadly similar in plan, appear to be aligned east/west and may represent evidence for timber support posts associated with posthole 3719, 3721 and 3723.

5.82 Elongated posthole 3711 comprised a v-shaped profile and contained a single fill 3712. Elongated posthole 3715 located immediately to the east contained an unexcavated fill. No finds were identified. The elongated postholes were broadly similar in plan, appear to be aligned north/south and may represent evidence for timber support posts associated with elongated postholes 3703, 3705 and 3707 and Postholes 3709, 3713 and 3717.

26 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

Trench 38 (Figures 2 & 6)

5.83 Trench 38 was located to the east within Field 4 and contained twelve archaeological features; postholes 3803, 3805, 3807, 3409 and wheel ruts 3811, 3813, 3815, 3817, 3819, 3821, 3823 and wheel rut 3825.

5.84 Posthole 3807 comprised gradual sides, a flat base and contained a single fill 3808 and postholes 3803, 3805 and posthole 3809 contained an unexcavated fill. The postholes were broadly circular in plan and no finds were identified.

5.85 Eight possible wheel ruts were identified; wheel ruts 3811, 3813, 3815, 3817, 3819, 3821, 3823 and wheel rut 3825. The wheel ruts were elongated and linear in plan, measured between 0.2m and 0.23m in width and positioned on a north/south alignment to the east within Trench 38. The features contained an unexcavated and no finds were identified. Their location situated parallel to the existing east field boundary within Field 4, suggests a possible medieval or post-medieval date for the wheel rutting.

Trench 39 (Figures 2 & 6)

5.86 Trench 39 was located to the east within Field 4 and contained two archaeological features; posthole 3903 comprised a u-shaped profile and contained a single fill 3904 and posthole 3905 contained an unexcavated fill. The postholes were broadly circular in plan and no finds were identified. Trench 39 also contained four land drains.

Trench 40 (Figures 2 & 6)

5.87 Trench 40 was located to the east within Field 4 and contained two archaeological features; postholes 4003 and 4005 contained an unexcavated fill. The postholes were broadly circular in plan and no finds were identified. Trench 40 also contained four land drains.

Trench 41 (Figures 2 & 6)

5.88 Trench 41 was located to the west within Field 4 and contained four archaeological features; posthole 4105 comprised a v-shaped profile and contained a single fill 4106 and postholes 4103, 4107 and posthole 4109 contained an unexcavated fill.

27 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

The postholes were broadly circular in plan and no finds were identified. Trench 41 also contained two land drains.

Trench 42 (Figures 2 & 6)

5.89 Trench 42 was located to the south-west within Field 4 and contained five archaeological features; postholes 4203, 4205, 4207, 4209 and posthole 4211. Trench 42 also contained four land drains.

5.90 Posthole 4205 comprised gradual sides and a flat base and contained a single fill 4206 and posthole 4209 comprised gradual sides and an uneven base and contained a single fill 4210. Postholes 4203, 4207 and posthole 4211 contained an unexcavated fill. The postholes were broadly circular in plan and no finds were identified.

Trench 43 (Figures 2, 6 & 16)

5.91 Trench 43 was located to the south within Field 4 and contained six archaeological features; postholes 4303, 4305, 4307, 4309, 4311 and posthole 4213. Trench 43 also contained two land drains.

5.92 Posthole 4311 comprised a u-shaped profile and contained a single fill 4312 and postholes 4303, 4305, 4307, 4309 and posthole 4313 contained an unexcavated fill. The postholes were broadly square in plan and no finds were identified.

Trench 44 (Figures 2 & 6)

5.93 Trench 44 was located to the south within Field 4 and contained two archaeological features; postholes 4403 and 4305 were broadly circular in plan, contained an unexcavated fill and no finds were identified. Trench 44 also contained five land drains.

Trench 45 (Figures 2 & 6)

5.94 Trench 45 was located to the south within Field 4 and contained three archaeological features; postholes 4503 and 4507 and elongated posthole 4505 contained an unexcavated fill and no finds identified. Posthole 4503 and 4507 were broadly circular in plan, and elongated posthole 4505 was similar in size, shape in

28 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

plan and orientation to examples found within Trench 37. Trench 45 also contained five land drains.

Trench 46 (Figs 2 & 6)

5.95 Trench 46 was located to the south-east within Field 4 and contained a single archaeological feature; posthole 4503 was broadly circular in plan, contained an unexcavated fill and no finds identified. Trench 46 also contained two land drains.

Field 5

Trench 8 (Figures 2 & 7)

5.96 Trench 8 was located to the north within Field 5 and contained a single archaeological feature; posthole 803 was broadly square in plan, comprised gradual sides, a flat base and contained a single fill 804. No finds were identified. Trench 8 also contained a land drain.

Trench 20 (Figures 2 & 7) 5.97 Trench 20 was located to the north-west within Field 5 and contained a single archaeological feature; ditch 2003 and a modern land drain 2005.

5.98 Ditch 2003 was linear in plan, orientated broadly north-east/south-west, comprised gradual sides, a flat base and contained a single fill 2004. No finds were identified. Based on the morphology and fill characteristics, ditch 2003 is likely to represent a field boundary ditch dating to the medieval or post-medieval period. The ditch is broadly parallel with the ditches found within Trenches 26, 27 and 28.

Trench 24 (Figures 2 & 7)

5.99 Trench 24 was located to the south-west within Field 5 and contained two archaeological features; posthole 2403 and elongated posthole 2405, both contained an unexcavated fill and no finds were identified. Posthole 2403 was broadly circular in plan and elongated posthole 2405 was similar in size and shape in plan to similar examples found in Trench 37 and 45. Trench 24 also contained a land drain.

29 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

Trench 26 (Figures 2 & 7)

5.100 Trench 26 was located to the south-west within Field 5 and contained a single archaeological feature; ditch 2603 was linear in plan, orientated north-east/south- west, comprised a u-shaped profile and contained a single fill 2604. It is possible the ditch is likely to be the same as ditch 2703 in Trench 27 and ditch 2807 in Trench 28. Based on the morphology and fill characteristics of ditch 2603, the feature is likely to represent the remains of a field boundary ditch dating to the medieval or post-medieval period. The ditch is aligned parallel with the existing southern field boundary located further north-east within Field 5. Trench 26 also contained two land drains.

Trench 27 (Figures 2 & 7)

5.101 Trench 27 was located to the south-west within Field 5 and contained a single archaeological feature; ditch 2703 was linear in plan, orientated north-east/south- west, comprised a u-shaped profile and contained a single fill 2604. No finds were identified. It is possible the ditch is likely to be the same as ditch 2603 in Trench 26 and ditch 2807 in Trench 28. Based on the morphology and fill characteristics of ditch 2703, the feature is likely to represent the remains of a field boundary ditch dating to the medieval or post-medieval period. The ditch is aligned parallel with the existing southern field boundary located further north-east within Field 5. Trench 27 also contained a land drain.

Trench 28 (Figures 2 & 7)

5.102 Trench 28 was located to the south-west within Field 5 and contained three archaeological features; gullies 2803 and 2805 and ditch 2807. Trench 28 also contained a land drain.

5.103 Gullies 2803 and 2805 were linear in plan, comprised u-shaped profiles and no finds were identified. Gully 2803 and 2805 are likely to be land drains. Other land drains with a similar morphology and fill characteristics were found elsewhere within Field 5.

5.103 Ditch 2807 was linear in plan, orientated north-east/south-west, contained a single fill 2808 and no finds were identified. The ditch is likely to be the same as ditch 2603 in Trench 26 and ditch 2703 in Trench 27. Based on the morphology and fill characteristics of ditch 2807, the feature is likely to represent the remains of a field

30 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

boundary ditch dating to the medieval or post-medieval period. The ditch is aligned parallel with the existing southern field boundary located further north-east within Field 5.

6. THE FINDS

6.1 Artefactual material recovered from the evaluation is listed in Table 3, Appendix B and discussed further below.

Pottery 6.2 A total of 17 sherds (137g) of pottery was recovered by hand and by bulk soil sample from six deposits (Appendix B). Twelve sherds (34g) of pottery dating to the late prehistoric period were recorded from pit 9003 (fill 9004) and 9803 (fill 9804). The unfeatured bodysherds occur in handmade, coarse and finer flint-tempered fabrics, with three sherds (1g) in a handmade probably organic-tempered fabric. In the absence of featured (rim or decorated) sherds, closing dating for this material cannot be asserted with confidence. The variable coarseness of the flint-tempered fabrics and the possible use of burnish with one sherd from pit 9803 (fill 9804) are possible indicators of a Late Bronze Age date.

6.3 Two joining rimsherds (70g), dating to the later medieval period were recorded from ditch 3003 (fill 3004). The fabric is a wheel-thrown, sandy oxidised fabric (probably ‘Newbury C’ type) with decayed glaze spots to its’ rim. This form is a jar with tall everted rim and an expanded (T-shaped) rim top.

6.4 A total of three sherds (33g) of pottery dating to the post-medieval/modern periods were recorded from three deposits. Abraded sherds in a clear glazed earthenware fabric were recorded from topsoil deposits 9300 and 9500, dateable from the mid- 16th to 18th centuries. One sherd (1g) of transfer-printed refined white ware, probably dating after c.1800, was recorded form topsoil deposit 9800.

Other finds 6.5 A total of eight items of iron were recorded from five deposits. Iron nails, of flat- headed form for which only broad dating is applicable were recorded from posthole 3725 (fill 3726) and topsoil 9700. A joiner’s staple is recorded from posthole 8709 (fill 8710), of a form used in both the Roman and medieval periods. A fitting,

31 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

probably from a gate or similar and of likely modern dating was recorded from topsoil 9500. Three rod fragments of uncertain form, function and date were recorded from posthole 3725 (fill 3726).

6.6 A total of six items of prehistoric worked flint (109g) and 24 of burnt flint (497g) was recorded from four deposits. Flakes on a mid-grey brown flint with thinned cortex, suggestive of a gravels origin, were recorded from pit 9003 (fill 9004) and 9803 (fill 9304), treethrow 9705 (fill 9706). A flake core fragment (43g) in a similar grey brown flint was recorded from posthole 3983 (fill 9804). None of the recovered material is closely dateable.

6.7 A total of five fragments (180g) of ceramic building material (CBM) was recorded from four deposits. This small group comprises one fragment of flat roof tile dating to the post-medieval period was recorded from 9303 (fill 9304) and four miscellaneous fragments dating from the medieval to post-medieval period based on the fabric and thickness.

7. THE PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE

Bulk Sample 7.1 A single sample (eight litres of soil) was processed from posthole 9003 within trench 90 to evaluate the preservation of palaeoenvironmental remains in the area and with the intention of recovering environmental evidence of industrial or domestic activity on the site. The samples were processed by standard flotation procedures (CA Technical Manual No. 2).

7.2 Preliminary identifications of plant macrofossils are noted in Table 4 (Appendix C), following nomenclature of Stace (1997).

7.3 The flot was of moderate size with c. 50% rooty material and modern seeds. The charred material comprised various levels of preservation.

Trench 90 7.4 The small charred plant assemblage recovered from fill 9004 (sample 1000) within pit 9003 included a fragment of sloe (Prunus spinosa) stone. The moderately high

32 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

number of charcoal fragments greater than 2mm included round and mature wood fragments.

7.5 This assemblage may represent a dump of hearth material and is indicative of some settlement activity in the vicinity. The feature is undated and the environmental assemblage gives no clear indication of date. It could be Bronze Age but would also be compatible with an earlier or later date.

Animal Bone 7.6 Animal bones amounting to 151 fragments (233g) were recovered from site. The material was highly fragmented and very poorly preserved, rendering 98% of the bone unidentifiable to species. However, it was possible to identify two fragments (69g) of horse bone (Equus callabas) recovered from the fill 3124 of undated ditch 3123. This species has been a commonly exploited domestic animal since the Late Bronze Age (Baker and Worley, 2014), but due to the absence of dating evidence coupled with the low recovery, no further inference can be drawn beyond species identification. Preliminary identifications of the animal bone are noted in Table 5 (Appendix C).

8. DISCUSSION

8.1 Archaeological features (of predominantly post-medieval/modern date) were identified within fifty-eight trenches during the trial trench evaluation; Trenches 63, 64, 66, 69 to 71 and 73 to 76 within Field 1; Trenches 84, 85, 87, 90, 92, 93 and 95 to 99 within Field 2; Trenches 47 to 60 within Field 3; Trenches 29 to 46 within Field 4; and Trenches 8, 20, 24 and 26 to 28 within Field 5 (see Figures 2-7).

Late Prehistoric 8.2 Within Field 2, a small pit 9003 was identified within Trench 90 containing a small assemblage of charcoal and a pit or ditch terminus 9803 containing a small assemblage of potsherds and burnt flint was identified within Trench 98. The potsherds are thought to date to the Bronze Age period. Both pits are isolated examples and are likely to be indicative of temporary settlement activity dating to the this late prehistoric period; excavation of treethrow 9705 also revealed further evidence of late prehistoric activity with the discovery of burnt flint and a flint flake. A

33 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

similar isolated pit 9203 was also identified within Trench 92 but was undated (see Figures 2, 4, 10 & 11).

Medieval/Post-medieval 8.3 Evidence for ridge-and-furrow was identified to the south-west in Field 2 with a series of three surviving parallel furrows orientated north-east/south-west; ditches 9703 and 9707 within Trenches 97 and ditches 9903 and 9905 within Trench 99. Based on their morphology and fill characteristics the ditches are likely to represent shallow furrows typical of historic farming practices dating to the medieval period (Eyre, 1955), (see Figures 2 & 4).

8.4 Within Field 3, a ditch system broadly parallel with the existing field boundary network and orientated north/south is likely to be associated with historic field boundaries dating to the medieval, post-medieval and modern periods (Aston, 1985). Dating evidence was not identified but a fired clay ceramic drainage pipe, showing no evidence of a re-cut, was found at the base of a ditch in Trench 55. A continuation of this ditch was found within Trenches 58 and 59 further southwards within the field. A similar ditch sequence of comparable date was found within Trenches 20, 26 to 28 in Field 5. Trenches 30 and 31 within Field 4 are likely to represent a possible trackway of similar date flanked by a ditch either side. Ditch 3003 located in Trench 30 for example contained potsherds that can be dated to the 13th to 15th century AD (see Figures 2, 5-7, 12 & 13).

8.5 Trench 38 in Field 4 contained an extensive series of north/south orientated wheel ruts. Although these features were not excavated and no finds recovered, their location situated parallel to the existing eastern field boundary suggests a possible medieval or post-medieval date for the wheel rutting (see Figures 2 & 6).

Modern (World War II) 8.6 One hundred and sixty-one postholes were identified during the trial trench evaluation within Field 1-5; shape in plan variations was observed, with square cut postholes found within Field 1 and both circular and elongated postholes found within Fields 2, 3, 4 and 5. All the postholes comprised shallow cut profiles within the natural geological horizon. Post-medieval potsherds and fragments of CBM (ceramic building material) were recovered from several examples and are likely to be residual. Based on their intermittent positioning and projected alignments,

34 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

morphology and fill characteristics, the postholes may form part of an extensive network of Second World War temporary timber structures known as tactical obstacles to include barbed wire entanglements and tank proof obstacles erected during important anti-invasion defence works (Foot, 2006), (see Figures 2-9 & 13- 16).

Field 1 8.7 Field 1 contained forty-one modern postholes. The postholes appear to form a chequered board effect in plan across Field 1 suggesting the postholes are likely to represent evidence for a series of supporting posts to form barbed wire entanglements; an alignment of north-east/south-west postholes can be seen within Trench 66 and Trench 69, with a possible continuation of postholes on a broadly similar alignment within Trenches 73 and 74. Postholes in Trench 70 are positioned on an east/west alignment similar to postholes identified within Trenches 73 and 75. A similar east/west alignment of postholes was found within Trenches 64 to 66 (see Figures 2 & 3).

Field 2 8.8 Field 2 contained twenty-one modern postholes. The postholes found are likely to represent evidence for a series of supporting posts to form barbed wire entanglements; postholes in Trench 87 appear to be aligned with posthole 8509 in Trench 85. Postholes found within Trenches 84, 93, 95 and 96 appear to be intermittent and sporadic with no distinguishable pattern formed (see Figures 2 & 4).

Field 3 8.9 Field 3 contained thirty-four modern postholes and are likely to represent evidence for a series of supporting posts to form barbed wire entanglements and a possible tank proof obstacle; Postholes in Trench 51 appear to be on an east/west alignment similar to the postholes found within Trench 54 running across the centre of Field 3 forming a possible central defensive line. Postholes found within Trenches 48, 50, 52, 53, 55 and 60 appear to be intermittent and sporadic with no distinguishable pattern formed and it is likely that these postholes form barbed wire entanglements. Two parallel posthole alignments orientated east/west within Trench 59 may suggest evidence for the remains of a substantial defensive wartime military timber structure consisting of barbed wire entanglements or a Tank Proof Obstacle (HMSO, 1936), (see Figures 2, 5, 8 & 9, 13-16).

35 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

Field 4 8.10 Field 4 contained sixty-two broadly circular and elongated modern postholes. The postholes found are likely to represent evidence for a series of supporting posts to form barbed wire entanglements and possible tank proof obstacles; Postholes in Trench 31 appear to be aligned broadly east/west with possibly another posthole alignment located immediately to the south within the trench similar to those found within Trench 59 in Field 3. A similar east/west alignment of postholes can be found within Trenches 34 and 38 and further south within Trenches 40 and 41 and Trench 43. It is possible the posthole alignments form a series of east/west orientated defensive lines. Postholes found within Trenches 29, 30, 32, 33, 36, 39, 42, 44, 45 and 46 appear to be intermittent and sporadic with no distinguishable pattern formed (see Figures 2, 6, 8 & 9, 13-16).

8.11 Postholes 3709, 3713 and 3717 appear to be aligned broadly east/west. Postholes 3719, 3721 and 3723 possibly form another alignment located immediately to the south but centrally within the trench similar to postholes found within Trench 31 within Field 4 and Trench 59 within Field 3. However, located to the north and south within Trench 37 an alignment of elongated postholes were found situated either side of the two more centrally positioned posthole alignments. The elongated postholes were broadly similar in plan, appear to be also aligned east/west and may represent evidence for a series of 450 degree angled timbers acting as props to support the two alignments of centrally located postholes. Excavation of one the southern elongated postholes revealed timber 3729 which measured 0.92m in length and up to 0.1m in diameter and extended along the length of elongated posthole 3725. The timber was unworked but had been sawn at either end of its length. Several heavily corroded iron nails had been positioned vertically into the ground immediately either side of the central area of the timber to possibly fix the wood into position within the elongated posthole. The timber is likely to represent a base for a 450 degree angled timber support or repair. The features found within Trench 37 are located centrally within Field 4 and likely to represent the remains of an east/west orientated and extensive defensive position such as a timber constructed Tank Proof Obstacle (HMSO, 1936) (see Figures 2, 6, 8 & 9, 13-16).

Field 5 8.12 Field 5 contained three isolated but modern postholes. The postholes found within Trenches 8 and 24 were either circular, broadly square or elongated in plan. The postholes found are likely to represent tentative evidence for a series of supporting

36 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

posts to form barbed wire entanglements, a continuation of those found within Fields 1, 2, 3 and 4 (see Figures 2 & 7).

Conclusion 8.13 The postholes found within Fields 2 and 5 were less common in number than the postholes found within Field 1, 3 and 4. This may be due to modern historic farming methods such as deep ploughing. This intrusive deep ploughing technique was considered a sufficient obstacle in 1940 during anti-invasion defence works and may explain the shallow truncated nature of the late prehistoric features found within Field 2 (Foot, 2006, 11). If we can assume the postholes are associated with an extensive network of Second World War tactical obstacles within a prepared battlefield it is unlikely that these were constructed to prevent aircraft landing such as glider traps. This type of defence was utilised in open areas with a straight line length comprising of 500 yards (c. 457m) or more. The fields at the Site are much smaller in size measuring approximately 250m in length and 100m in width, much smaller than the specified aircraft landing requirement (ibid 10). For this reason the postholes found are much more likely to represent a structure forming temporary defensive works such as barbed wire entanglements.

8.14 A substantial drainage ditch measuring approximately 3m wide and a depth of approximately 1.5m was identified during the trial trench evaluation. The ditch was located immediately south of Trench 59 within Field 3 following the northern boundary of the east/west extant of wooded copse. The ditch although undated may well have been utilised as a natural defence in conjunction with the wooded environment located mostly to the west and south-west of the Site and the possible temporary defensive network (suggested by the density of postholes) discovered during the trial trench evaluation. These may well have been linked together into defensive perimeters used to disrupt/slow down any enemy troop advances on the ground. The defences, either man made or natural, were situated within one of the most heavily defended areas in the country during the Second World War, located between the southern end of the important Stop Line Defence at Chequers Bridge and to the north of the Area Defence associated with a heavily defended army camp north of Ewshot (ADS online). The postholes found during the trial trench evaluation and the two pillboxes recorded during building recording at the Site (CA, 2016b) will contribute further to our understanding of homeland defence during the Battle of Britain in 1940.

37 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

9. CA PROJECT TEAM

Fieldwork was undertaken by CA Project Officer Matt Nichol, assisted by CA site personnel, Steve Bush, Natasha Djukic, Stephanie Duensing, Jack Marten-Jones, Emily Spicer, Keighley Wasenczuk and Joe Whelan. The report was written by Matt Nichol. The illustrations were prepared by CA illustrator Lesley Davidson. The archive has been compiled and prepared for deposition by CA Archaeologist Adam Howard. The project was managed for CA by CA manager Richard Greatorex, who also edited this report.

10. REFERENCES

ADS (Archaeological Data Service) (no date) Report on Chequers Bridge (Defence Area 51). Available at: http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/catalogue//adsdata/arch-455- 1/dissemination/pdf/Text_Reports/DA51_TEXT_-_CHEQUERS_BRIDGE.pdf Accessed 12 July 2016

Aston, M. 1985 Interpreting the Landscape: Landscape Archaeology and Local History. London: Routledge

Baker, P. and Worley, F. 2014 Animal bones and archaeology: Guidelines for best practice Swindon, English Heritage

BGS (British Geological Survey) 2015 Geology of Britain Viewer http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html Accessed 24 June 2016

CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2016a Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Written Scheme of Investigation for an Archaeological Investigation

CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2016b Pillbox WA65 & WA85, Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Historic Building Recording

DCLG (Department of Communities and Local Government) 2012 National Planning Policy Framework

Eyre, S R. 1955 The Curving Plough-strip and its Historical Implications. Agricultural History Review: Volume 3, Number 2, pp 80-94

38 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

Foot, W. 2006 Beaches, fields, streets, and hills: the anti-invasion landscapes of England, 1940. York: CBA Research Report 144

HMSO 1936 Manual of Field Engineering (Royal Engineers), Volume II. London: His Majesty’s Stationary Office

Stace, C 1997 New Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press Books

WA (Wessex Archaeology) 2014 Albany Park, Church Crookham, Hampshire – Archaeological Desk Based Assessment (Client Report)

39 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS

Field Trench Context Type Fill of Context Context Length Width Depth/ Spot-date Description (m) (m) thickness

(m) 5 1 100 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish >31.6 >2 0.31 Modern brown, sandy clay, friable with occ. natural flint 5 1 101 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish >31.6 >2 0.17 brown, sandy clay, friable with occ. natural flint 5 1 102 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish >31.6 >2 >0.03 brown, silty clay, friable with occ. natural flint 5 2 200 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish >31.2 >2 0.3 Modern brown, sandy clay, friable with occ. natural flint 5 2 201 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish >31.2 >2 0.1 brown, sandy clay, friable with occ. natural flint 5 2 202 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish >31.2 >2 >0.08 brown, silty clay, soft with occ. natural flint 5 3 300 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish >30.5 >2 0.3 Modern brown, sandy clay, friable with occ. natural flint 5 3 301 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish >30.5 >2 0.08 brown, sandy clay, friable with occ. natural flint 5 3 302 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish >30.5 >2 >0.03 brown, silty clay, soft with occ. natural flint 5 4 400 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish >31.2 >2 0.35m Modern brown, sandy clay, friable with occ. natural flint 5 4 401 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish >31.2 >2 0.12 brown, sandy clay, friable with occ. natural flint 5 4 402 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish >31.2 >2 >0.1 brown, silty clay, soft with occ. natural flint 5 5 500 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish >31.5 >2 0.3 Modern brown, sandy clay, friable with occ. natural flint 5 5 501 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish >31.5 >2 0.1 brown, sandy clay, friable with occ. natural flint 5 5 502 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish >31.5 >2 >0.06 brown, silty clay, soft with occ. natural flint 5 6 600 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish >31.6 >2 0.3 Modern brown, sandy

40 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

clay, friable with occ. natural flint 5 6 601 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish >31.6 >2 0.1 brown, sandy clay, friable with occ. natural flint 5 6 602 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish >31.6 >2 >0.03 brown, silty clay, soft with occ. natural flint 5 7 700 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish >30.2 >2 0.34 Modern brown, sandy clay, friable with occ. natural flint 5 7 701 Layer - Subsoil Mid yellowish >30.2 >2 0.11 brown, silty clay, 5% natural flint >3cm, 5 7 702 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish >30.2 >2 >0.03 brown, silty clay, 5% natural flint at >3cm 5 8 800 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish >31.2 >2 0.4 Modern brown, sandy clay, 5% natural flint, >2cm, friable 5 8 801 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish >31.2 >2 0.06 brown, sandy clay, 5% natural flint >2cm, friable 5 8 802 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish >31.5 >2 >0.05 brown, silty clay, 5% natural flint >3cm 5 8 803 Cut - Posthole oval in plan with 0.36 0.28 0.07 rounded, concave sides and a flat base 5 8 804 Fill 803 Fill Mid greyish 0.36 0.28 0.07 brown, silty clay, no inclusions 5 9 900 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish >31.4 >2 0.28 Modern brown, sandy clay, 5% natural flint, >2cm, friable 5 9 901 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish >31.4 >2 0.17 brown, sandy clay, 5% natural flint >2cm, friable 5 9 902 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish >31.4 >2 >0.06 brown, sandy clay, 5% natural flint >2cm, friable 5 9 903 Cut - Hedgerow Irregular linear 0.4 2.5 feature 5 9 904 Fill 903 Fill Mid greyish 0.4 2.5 brown, sandy silty, compact and firm, no inclusions 5 10 1000 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish >31.5 >2 0.3 Modern brown, sandy clay, no inclusions, friable 5 10 1001 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish >31.5 >2 0.1 brown, sandy clay, 5% natural

41 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

flint >2cm, friable

5 10 1002 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish >31.5 >2 0.13 brown, silty clay, 5% natural flint >3cm 5 11 1100 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish >31.4 >2 0.2 Modern brown, sandy clay, 5% natural flint, >2cm, friable 5 11 1101 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish >31.4 >2 0.2 brown, sandy clay, 5% natural flint >2cm, friable 5 11 1102 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish >31.4 >2 0.1 brown, silty clay, 5% natural flint >3cm, soft 5 12 1200 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish >30.6 >2 0.28 Modern brown, sandy clay, 5% natural flint, >2cm, friable 5 12 1201 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish >30.6 >2 0.17 brown, sandy clay, 5% natural flint >2cm, friable 5 12 1202 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish >30.6 >2 >0.02 brown, silty clay, 5% natural flint at >3cm 5 13 1300 Layer - Topsoil Dark-mid greyish >30.2 >2 0.3 Modern brown, sandy silty, loose 5 13 1301 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish >30.2 >2 0.25 brown, sandy silty, compact and firm, moderate amount of sub- rounded stone (≤0.5cm) 5 13 1302 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish >30.2 >2 0.07 brown, sandy clay, compact and firm, moderate amount of sub rounded stone (≤50mm) 5 14 1400 Layer - Topsoil Mid brownish >29.7 >1.8 0.24 Modern grey, sandy silty, loose, 10% sub rounded stone inclusions (≤0.03x0.03m), signs of rooting throughout 5 14 1401 Layer - Subsoil Light brownish >29.7 >1.8 0.19 grey, sandy silty, loose, 5% sub- angular stone inclusions (≤0.03x0.03) signs of rooting

42 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

5 14 1402 Layer - Natural Light greyish >29.7 >1.8 >0.05 brown, sandy clay, patches of mid greyish brown gravel deposits (sandy clay) 5 15 1500 Layer - Topsoil Dark greyish >30 >2 0.27 Modern brown, silty sand, friable, turf layer, lots of rooting 5 15 1501 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish >30 >2 0.18 brown with occasional orange mottling, silty sand, friable, some rooting 5 15 1502 Layer - Natural Mid brown, >30 >2 0.11 mottled orange, grey brown, sandy clay, friable, occasional natural flint inclusions 5 16 1600 Layer - Topsoil Dark greyish >31 >2 0.25 Modern brown, silty sand, friable,rooting 5 16 1601 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish >31 >2 0.25 brown with occasional orange mottling, silty sand, friable, some rooting 5 16 1602 Layer - Natural Mid brown, >31 >2 >0.1 mottled orange, grey brown, sandy clay, friable, occasional natural flint inclusions 5 17 1700 Layer - Topsoil Dark greyish >29 >2 0.23 Modern brown, silty sand, friable, rooting 5 17 1701 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish >29 >2 0.23 brown with occasional orange mottling, silty sand, friable, some rooting 5 17 1702 Layer - Natural Mid brown, >29 >2 0.11 mottled orange, grey brown, sandy clay, friable, occasional natural flint inclusions 5 18 1800 Layer - Topsoil Dark grey brown, >28 >2 0.26 Modern sandy silt, friable, <5% common natural flint up to 2cm, high humic content, lots of rooting disturbance 5 18 1801 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish >28 >2 0.18 brown, sandy silt,

43 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

friable 5 18 1802 Layer - Natural Mid orange grey, >28 >2 >14 yellow, mottled sandy clay, friable, 10% natural flint inclusions ≤8cm 5 19 1900 Layer - Topsoil Dark grey brown, >31 >2 0.26 Modern sandy silt, friable, turf layer, lots of rooting, high humic content 5 19 1901 Layer - Subsoil Light yellow >31 >2 0.25 brown, silty sand, friable, some rooting disturbance. <1% natural gravel 5 19 1902 Layer - Natural Light yellow >31 >2 >0.08 orange grey, mottled sandy clay, friable, 20% natural flint inclusions up to 5cm 5 20 2000 Layer - Topsoil Dark grey brown, >30 >2 0.28 Modern sandy silt, friable, turf layer, lots of rooting, high humic content 5 20 2001 Layer - Subsoil Light yellowish >30 >2 0.18 brown, silty sand, friable, some rooting disturbance, <1% natural flint gravel 5 20 2002 Layer - Natural Light yellowish >30 >2 0.1 orange grey mottling, sandy clay, friable, 20% flint inclusions ≤5cm 5 20 2003 Cut - Field Drain Linear feature >2 1.04 0.31 running NE-SW, gently sloping sides with a flat base 5 20 2004 Fill 2003 Fill Dark grey with >2 1.04 0.31 rust orange mottling, sandy clay, friable. No inclusions 5 20 2005 Cut - Land drain linear feature >2 0.27 0.13 running NE-SW, near vertical sides with a flat base 5 20 2006 Fill 2005 Fill Dark grey, sandy >2 0.27 0.13 clay, friable. No inclusions 5 21 2100 Layer - Topsoil Dark grey, silty >32 >2 0.25 Modern sand, friable, turf layer, lots of rooting, high humic content, <1% flint up to 2cm

44 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

5 21 2101 Layer - Subsoil Mid brown with >32 >2 0.23 occasional orange mottling, silty sand, friable, some rooting 5 21 2102 Layer - Natural Mottled orange >32 >2 >0.09 grey, brown, orangey clay with occasional natural flint inclusions up to 5cm 5 22 2200 Layer - Topsoil Dark grey, silty >27 >2 0.23 Modern sand, friable, turf layer, lots of rooting, high humic content, <1% flint up to 2cm 5 22 2201 Layer - Subsoil Mid brown with >27 >2 0.31 occasional orange mottling, silty sand, friable, some rooting 5 22 2202 Layer - Natural Mottled orange >27 >2 >0.08 grey, brown, orangey clay with occasional natural flint inclusions up to 5cm 5 23 2300 Layer - Topsoil Dark grey, silty >30 >2 0.22 Modern sand, friable, turf layer, lots of rooting, high humic content, <1% flint up to 2cm 5 23 2301 Layer - Subsoil Mid brown with >30 >2 0.2 occasional orange mottling, silty sand, friable, some rooting 5 23 2302 Layer - Natural Mottled orange >30 >2 0.16 grey, brown, orangey clay with occasional natural flint inclusions up to 5cm 5 24 2400 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish >31.5 >2 0.3 Modern brown, clayey silt, friable, no inclusions 5 24 2401 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish >31.5 >2 0.26 brown, clayey sand, friable, <1% stone inclusions 5 24 2402 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish >31.5 >2 >0.07 brown with streaks of light yellowish grey and mid brown, silty sand, friable 5 24 2403 Cut - Posthole Sub-square 0.4 0.42 unknown shape in plan, unexcavated

45 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

5 24 2404 Fill 2403 Fill Light brownish 0.4 0.42 unknown grey, sandy silt, friable, no inclusions 5 24 2405 Cut - Posthole Elongated oval 1.1 0.4 unknown shape, unexcavated 5 24 2406 Fill 2405 Fill Light brownish 1.1 0.4 unknown grey, sandy silt, friable, no inclusions 5 25 2500 Layer - Topsoil Dark-mid greyish >29.5 >2 0.29 Modern brown, sandy silt, loose 5 25 2501 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish >29.5 >2 0.25 brown, sandy silt, friable but firm, sparse amount of sub rounded stone (≤40mm) throughout 5 25 2502 Layer - Natural Light yellowish >29.5 >2 >0.06 brown, sandy clay with pale bluish grey patches, compact and firm 5 25 2600 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish >32.2 >2 0.3 Modern brown, sandy clay, no visible inclusions, friable 5 26 2601 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish >32.2 >2 0.17 brown, sandy clay, 5% natural flint >2cm, friable 5 26 2602 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish >32.2 >2 >0.04 brown, silty clay, 5% natural flint <3cm, soft 5 26 2603 Cut - Ditch Linear feature >9 0.66 0.24 running SW-NE, roughly symmetrical, moderately sloping sides and a rounded base 5 26 2604 Fill - Fill Mid grey, sandy >9 0.66 0.24 clay, friable, no inclusions 5 27 2700 Layer - Topsoil Dark-mid greyish >28.1 >2 0.31 Modern brown, sandy silt, loose 5 27 2701 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish >28.1 >2 0.26 brown, sandy silt, friable but firm, sparse amount of sub rounded stone (≤40mm) throughout 5 27 2702 Layer - Natural Light yellowish >28.1 >2 0.04 brown, sandy clay with pale whitish grey silty sand, compact and grim, moderate amount of sub- rounded stone (≤50mm)

46 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

throughout

5 27 2703 Cut - Ditch Linear ditch with >2.1 0.76 0.13 parallel sides, moderately sloping, straight sides with a gradual break of slope at the base which is sub- rounded, running NE-SW 5 27 2704 Fill 2703 Fill Mid brownish >2.1 0.76 0.13 grey, sandy silt, friable, and soft, moderate amount of sub- rounded stone 5 28 2800 Layer - Topsoil Mid brownish >29.4 >2 0.24 Modern grey, clayey silt, friable, no inclusions 5 28 2801 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish >29.4 o 0.18 brown, sandy silt, friable, <1% stone inclusions 5 28 2802 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish >29.4 >2 >0.13 brown with streaks of light yellowish grey and mid brown, silty sand, friable 5 28 2803 Cut - Gully/Land linear ditch with >2.8 0.67 0.19 Modern Drain symmetrical, moderately sloping sides running N-S, with a sub rounded base 5 28 2904 Fill 2803 Fill Mid-dark >2.8 0.67 0.19 brownish grey, sandy silt, friable, 5% sub-rounded stones 5 28 2805 Cut - Gully/Land linear ditch with >2.8 0.64 0.2 Modern Drain symmetrical, moderately sloping sides running N-S, with a sub rounded base 5 28 2806 Fill - Fill Mid-dark >2.8 0.64 0.2 brownish grey, sandy silt, friable, 5% sub-rounded stones 4 29 2900 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish >32 >2 0.4 Modern brown, sandy clay, 5% natural flint, >2cm, friable 4 29 2901 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish >32 >2 0.12 brown, sandy clay, 5% natural flint >2cm, friable

47 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

4 29 2902 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish >32 >2 >0.05 brown, silty clay, 1% natural flint >300mm 4 29 2903 Cut - Posthole Cut of slightly 0.47 0.37 unknown irregular circular post-hole 4 29 2904 Fill 2903 Fill Mid greyish 0.47 0.37 unknown brown, silty clay, no inclusions 4 29 2905 Cut - Posthole Square in plan, 0.27 0.27 0.07 squared sides, rounded sides with a distinct break of slope at the base with a flat base 4 29 2906 Fill 2905 Fill Mid greyish 0.27 0.27 0.07 brown, silty clay, friable/soft, no inclusions 4 30 3000 Layer - Topsoil Mid dark greyish >30.3 >2 0.26 Modern brown, sandy silt, loose 4 30 3001 Layer - Subsoil Mid-light greyish >30.3 >2 0.29 brown, sandy silt, friable and soft, sparse amount of sub-rounded stones(≤50mm) throughout 4 30 3002 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish >30.3 >2 >0.04 brown, sandy clay with pale bluish grey pebbles, compact and moist, moderate amount of sub- rounded stones (≤60mm) throughout 4 30 3003 Cut - Ditch linear ditch >4.7 0.76 0.12 running N-S, sides have a very gradual slope with a concave almost flat slope 4 30 3004 Fill 3003 Fill Mid greyish >4.7 0.76 0.12 brown, sandy silt, friable, common sub-rounded and sub-angular flint 4 30 3005 Cut - Posthole Circular in plan, 0.29 0.29 unknown sub-rounded corners 4 30 3006 Fill 3005 Fill Mid greyish 0.29 0.29 unknown brown, sandy silt which is friable and soft unexcavated 4 31 3100 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish >31 >2 0.35 Modern brown, sandy clay, 5% natural flint, >2cm, friable 4 31 3101 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish >31 >2 0.11 brown, sandy clay, 5% natural

48 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

flint >2cm, friable

4 31 3102 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish >31 >2 >0.05 brown, sandy clay, 5% natural flint >2cm, friable 4 31 3103 Cut - Posthole circular in plan, 0.36 0.36 unknown unexcavated 4 31 3104 Fill 3103 Fill Mid greyish 0.36 0.36 unknown brown, silty clay, soft, no inclusions 4 31 3105 Cut - Posthole oval in plan with 0.34 0.31 0.07 rounded, concave sides and a flat base 4 31 3106 Fill 3105 Fill Mid greyish 0.34 0.31 0.07 brown, silty clay, soft, 1% natural flint <30mm 4 31 3107 Cut - Posthole circular in plan, 0.3 0.3 unknown unexcavated 4 31 3108 Fill 3107 Fill Mid greyish 0.3 0.3 unknown brown, silty clay, soft, no inclusions 4 31 3109 Cut - Posthole Square in plan 0.34 0.3 0.08 with concave sides and a flat base 4 31 3110 Fill 3109 Fill Mid greyish 0.34 0.3 0.08 brown, silty clay, soft, 1% natural flint <30mm 4 31 3111 Cut - Posthole circular in plan, 0.28 0.28 unknown unexcavated 4 31 3112 Fill 3111 Fill Mid greyish 0.28 0.28 unknown brown, silty clay, soft, no inclusions 4 31 3113 Cut - Posthole circular in plan, 0.6 0.4 unknown unexcavated 4 31 3114 Fill 3113 Fill Mid greyish 0.6 0.4 unknown brown, silty clay, soft, no inclusions 4 31 3115 Cut - Posthole circular in plan, 0.38 0.26 unknown unexcavated 4 31 3116 Fill 3115 Fill Mid greyish 0.38 0.26 unknown brown, silty clay, soft, no inclusions 4 31 3117 Cut - Ditch Slightly curved >2 0.97 0.22 linear running NE-SW, shallow gradually sloping sides and a flat base 4 31 3118 Fill 3117 Fill Light grey brown >2 0.97 0.22 with orange and grey mottling, clayey sand, friable, no inclusions 4 31 3119 Cut - Posthole circular in plan, 0.4 0.4 unknown unexcavated 4 31 3120 Fill 3119 Fill Mid greyish 0.4 0.4 unknown brown, silty clay,

49 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

soft, no inclusions 4 31 3121 Cut - Pit/Ditch Oval in plan with 0.63 0.4 0.23 Terminus rounded corners with a rounded concave sides and a flat base 4 31 3122 Fill 3121 Fill Mid greyish 0.63 0.4 0.23 brown, silty clay, friable, 1% natural flint (>200mm) 4 31 3123 Cut - Ditch Linear ditch with >2.5 0.59 0.18 a gentle sides and a flat base 4 31 3124 Fill 3123 Fill Mid grey brown >2.5 0.59 0.18 with occasional rust orange mottling, sandy clay, friable, 5% natural iron 4 32 3200 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish >31 >2 0.4 Modern brown, sandy clay, 5% natural flint, >2cm, friable 4 32 3201 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish >31 >2 0.1 brown, silty clay, 5% natural flint (>200mm) friable 4 32 3202 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish >31 >2 0.1 brown, silty clay, 5% natural flint (>300mm), soft 4 32 3203 Cut - Posthole Square in plan 0.34 0.26 0.07 with concave sides and a flat base 4 32 3204 Fill 3203 Fill Mid greyish 0.34 0.26 0.07 brown, silty clay, friable, no inclusions 4 33 3300 Layer - Topsoil Moderate greyish >30 >2 0.25 Modern brown, sandy silt, loose 4 33 3301 Layer - Subsoil Mid-light greyish >30 >2 0.29 brown, sandy silt, friable and soft, sparse amount of sub-rounded stones(≤50mm) throughout 4 33 3302 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish >30 >2 >0.06 brown, sandy clay, with pale bluish grey patches, compact and moist, moderate amount of stone (<600mm) throughout 4 33 3303 Cut - Posthole Rounded 0.27 0.27 0.1 rectangle in plan, very steep, near vertical sides, flat base

50 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

4 33 3304 Fill 3303 Fill Mid-light greyish 0.27 0.27 0.1 brown, sandy silt, friable and soft, sparse amount of sub-rounded stones(≤50mm) throughout 4 33 3305 Cut - Gully/Land Linear running >3 0.5 0.12 Modern Drain NE-SW with parallel sides, moderately sloping straight sides with gradual breaks of slope. Sub- rounded base 4 33 3306 Fill 3305 Fill Mid greyish >3 0.5 0.12 brown, sandy silt, loose and soft, moderate amount of sub- rounded stones (≤40mm). 4 33 3307 Cut - Gully/Land Linear with >3 0.3 0.09 Modern Drain parallel sides, with moderately sloping straight sides with a flat base 4 33 3308 Fill 3307 Fill Dark greyish >3 0.3 0.09 brown, sandy silt, friable and soft, moderate amount of sub- rounded stones (≤400mm) sparse amount of charcoal flecks (≤10mm) 4 33 3309 Cut - Posthole Rounded 0.6 0.4 unknown rectangle in plan, very steep, near vertical sides, flat base 4 33 3310 Fill 3309 Fill Mid-light greyish 0.6 0.4 unknown brown, sandy silt, friable and soft, sparse amount of sub-rounded stones(≤50mm) throughout 4 33 3311 Cut - Posthole Oval with sub- 0.26 0.24 0.09 rounded corners, moderately sloping, straight sides with a sharp break of slope at the base, base tapers to a point 4 33 3312 Fill 3311 Fill Dark greyish 0.26 0.24 0.09 brown, sandy silt, loose and soft, sparse amount of sub-rounded stone (≤30mm) 4 34 3400 Layer - Topsoil Mid-dark >30.2 >2 0.25 Modern brownish grey, clayey silt,

51 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

friable, <1% stone inclusions 4 34 3401 Layer - Subsoil Mid brownish >30.2 >2 0.27 grey, sandy silt, friable, 1% stone inclusions 4 34 3402 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish >30.2 >2 >0.07 brown, sandy clay with pale bluish grey patches, compact, 5% sub- rounded stones 4 34 3403 Cut - Posthole Oval in plan with 0.49 0.34 0.16 sub-rounded corners, steep and straight sides with sharp breaks of slop, a tapered rounded base 4 34 3404 Fill 3403 Fill Mid greyish 0.49 0.34 0.16 brown, sandy silt, friable and moist, sparse amount of sub-rounded stone (≤30mm) throughout 4 34 3405 Cut - Posthole circular in plan, 0.39 0.32 unknown not excavated 4 34 3406 Fill 3405 Fill Mid greyish 0.39 0.32 unknown brown, sandy silt, friable 4 35 3500 Layer - Topsoil Mid-dark >31.7 >2 0.31 Modern brownish grey, clayey silt, friable, <1% stone inclusions 4 35 3501 Layer - Subsoil Mid brownish >31.7 >2 0.25 grey, sandy silt, friable, 1% stone inclusions 4 35 3502 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish >31.7 >2 0.04 brown, sandy clay with pale bluish grey patches, compact, 5% sub- rounded stones 4 35 3503 Cut - Posthole Circular post 0.39 0.34 unknown hole, unexcavated 4 35 3504 Fill 3503 Fill Mid greyish 0.39 0.34 unknown brown, silty sand, loose 4 35 3505 cut - Posthole Circular post 0.34 0.37 unknown hole, unexcavated 4 35 3506 Fill 3505 Fill Mid greyish 0.34 0.37 unknown brown, silty sand, loose 4 36 3600 Layer - Topsoil Mid dark brown 30.6 2 0.27 Modern grey clay silt, friable 4 36 3601 Layer - Subsoil Mid grey brown 30.6 2 0.23 sandy silt friable with rare stone inclusions

52 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

4 36 3602 Layer - Natural Mid yellow 30.6 2 0.03 brown sandy clay with pale blue grey mottling, compact and moist, sub- rounded stone 4 36 3603 Cut - Posthole Oval cut of 0.33 0.31 unknown posthole 4 36 3604 Fill 3603 Fill Mid grey brown 0.33 0.31 unknown silty sand friable 4 36 3605 Cut - Posthole Oval cut of 0.38 0.36 unknown posthole 4 36 3606 Fill 3605 Fill Mid grey brown 0.38 0.36 unknown silty sand friable and soft, sparse charcoal inclusions 4 37 3700 Layer - Topsoil Mid dark brown 30.3 2 0.17 Modern grey clay silt, friable with rare stone inclusions 4 37 3701 Layer - Subsoil Mid grey brown 30.3 2 0.27 sandy silt friable with rare stone inclusions 4 37 3702 Layer - Natural Mid yellow 30.3 2 0.07 brown sandy clay with pale blue grey mottling, compact and moist, sub- rounded stone 4 37 3703 Cut - Pit Irregular oval pit 1.1 0.37 unknown 4 37 3704 Fill 3703 Fill Mid dark brown 1.1 0.37 unknown grey clay silt with rare sub-angular stone, friable 4 37 3705 Cut - Posthole Elongated oval 1.06 0.26 0.16 linear 4 37 3706 Fill 3705 Fill Light grey brown 1.06 0.26 0.16 silty sand, friable 4 37 3707 Cut - Posthole Elongated oval 0.96 0.4 unknown linear 4 37 3708 Fill 3707 Fill Mid grey brown 0.96 0.4 unknown clay silt, friable with rare stone inclusions 4 37 3709 Cut - Posthole Small oval 0.52 0.39 0.24 posthole 4 37 3710 Fill 3709 Fill Mid brown grey 0.52 0.39 0.24 silty sand, friable but firm, sub- angular stone 4 37 3711 Cut - Elongated Sub oval, >0.95 0.38 0.33 Posthole irregular ditch terminus 4 37 3712 Fill 3711 Fill Light brown grey >0.95 0.38 0.33 sandy silt, friable 4 37 3713 Cut - Posthole Circular posthole 0.39 0.42 unknown 4 37 3714 Fill 3713 Fill Mid brown grey 0.39 0.42 unknown sandy silt, loose 4 37 3715 Cut - Elongated Linear ditch 0.61 0.47 unknown Posthole terminus 4 37 3716 Fill 3715 Fill Mid brown grey 0.61 0.47 unknown sandy silt, loose 4 37 3717 Cut - Posthole Cut of small 0.47 0.55 unknown posthole

53 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

4 37 3718 Fill 3717 Fill Mid dark grey 0.47 0.55 unknown brown sandy silt 4 37 3719 Cut - Posthole Square cut of 0.41 0.49 unknown posthole 4 37 3720 Fill 3719 Fill Mid dark grey 0.41 0.49 unknown brown sandy silt 4 37 3721 Cut - Posthole Circular cut of 0.42 0.42 0.19 posthole 4 37 3722 Fill 3721 Fill Mid grey brown 0.42 0.42 0.19 sandy silt, friable 4 37 3723 Cut - Posthole Circular posthole 0.23 0.21 unknown 4 37 3724 Fill 3723 Fill Mid brown grey 0.23 0.21 unknown sandy silt, friable 4 37 3725 Cut - Pit Elongated oval 1.06 0.35 0.11 Modern posthole 4 37 3726 Fill 3725 Fill Mid brown grey 1.06 0.35 0.11 Modern sandy silt, friable with rare stone inclusions 4 37 3727 Cut - Pit Elongated pit 0.82 0.27 unknown 4 37 3728 Fill 3727 Fill Mid brown grey 0.82 0.27 unknown sandy silt, friable 4 37 3729 Fill 3725 Timber Timber support 0.92 0.1 0.07 on E-W alignment 4 38 3800 Layer - Topsoil Mid dark brown 30.3 2 0.26 Modern grey clay silt, friable 4 38 3801 Layer - Subsoil Mid brown grey 30.3 2 0.24 sandy silt, friable with rare stone inclusions 4 38 3802 Layer - Natural Mid yellow 30.3 2 0.06 brown sandy clay with pale blue grey mottling, compact and moist, sub- rounded stone 4 38 3803 Cut - Posthole Oval cut of >0.29 0.33 unknown posthole, not excavated 4 38 3804 Fill 3803 Fill Mid greyish >0.29 0.33 unknown brown loose and soft sandy silt 4 38 3805 Cut - Posthole Sub-rectangular 0.33 0.3 unknown cut of posthole, not excavated 4 38 3806 Fill 3805 Fill Mid greyish 0.33 0.3 unknown brown loose and soft sandy silt 4 38 3807 Cut - Posthole Circular feature, 0.31 0.31 0.05 moderate and rounded sides to sub-rounded base 4 38 3808 Fill 3807 Fill Mid greyish 0.31 0.31 0.05 brown loose and sandy silt 4 38 3809 Cut - Posthole Circular cut of 0.33 0.3 unknown posthole, not excavated 4 38 3810 Fill 3809 Fill Mid greyish 0.25 0.23 unknown brown loose and sandy silt 4 38 3811 Cut - Wheel rut Cut of wheel rut 1.03 0.23 unknown

54 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

4 38 3812 Fill 3811 Fill Light greyish 1.03 0.23 unknown brown loose and moist sandy silt 4 38 3813 Cut - Wheel rut Cut of wheel rut >2 0.19 unknown 4 38 3814 Fill 3813 Fill Light greyish >2 0.19 unknown brown loose and moist sandy silt 4 38 3815 Cut - Wheel rut Cut of wheel rut >2 0.22 unknown 4 38 3816 Fill 3815 Fill Light greyish >2 0.22 unknown brown loose and moist sandy silt 4 38 3817 Cut - Wheel rut Cut of wheel rut 0.57 0.21 unknown 4 38 3818 Fill 3817 Fill Light greyish 0.57 0.21 unknown brown loose and moist sandy silt 4 38 3819 Cut - Wheel rut Cut of wheel rut 0.7 0.2 unknown 4 38 3820 Fill 3819 Fill Light greyish 0.7 0.2 unknown brown loose and moist sandy silt 4 38 3821 Cut - Wheel rut Cut of wheel rut 0.55 0.23 unknown 4 38 3822 Fill 3821 Fill Light greyish 0.55 0.23 unknown brown loose and moist sandy silt 4 38 3823 Cut - Wheel rut Cut of wheel rut >2 0.22 unknown 4 38 3824 Fill 3823 Fill Light greyish >2 0.22 unknown brown loose and moist sandy silt 4 38 3825 Cut - Wheel rut Cut of wheel rut >2 0.22 unknown 4 38 3826 Fill 3825 Fill Light greyish >2 0.22 unknown brown loose and moist sandy silt 4 39 3900 Layer - Topsoil Mid-dark 29.4 2 0.25 Modern brownish grey clayey silt, friable 4 39 3901 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish 29.4 2 0.23 brown friable sandy silt, 1% stone 4 39 3902 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish 29.4 2 0.04+ brown compact and sandy clay with pale bluish grey patches 4 39 3903 Cut - Posthole Oval feature, 0.37 0.36 0.1 tapered rounded base 4 39 3904 Fill 3903 Fill Mid greyish 0.37 0.36 0.1 brown friable and moist sandy silt 4 39 3905 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.42 0.4 unknown unexcavated 4 39 3906 Fill 3905 Fill Mid greyish 0.42 0.4 unknown brown friable and sandy silt 4 40 4000 Layer - Topsoil Mid-dark 31.1 2 0.22 Modern brownish grey loose clayey silt 4 40 4001 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish 31.1 2 0.18 brown friable sandy silt, 1% stone 4 40 4002 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish 31.1 2 0.03+ brown compact and sandy clay with pale bluish grey patches

55 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

4 40 4003 Cut - Posthole Oval shaped 0.33 0.28 unknown posthole, not excavated 4 40 4004 Fill 4003 Fill Mid greyish 0.33 0.28 unknown brown loose and soft sandy silt 4 40 4005 Cut - Posthole Oval shaped 0.35 0.29 unknown posthole, not excavated 4 40 4006 Fill 4005 Fill Mid greyish 0.35 0.29 unknown brown loose and soft sandy silt, charcoal flecks 4 41 4100 Layer - Topsoil Mid-dark 30.8 2 0.2 Modern brownish grey friable clayey silt, >1% stone 4 41 4101 Layer - Subsoil Mid brownish 30.8 2 0.19 grey friable sandy silt, 1% stone throughout 4 41 4102 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish 30.8 2 0.05+ brown compact and moist sandy clay with pale bluish grey patches, moderate sub- rounded stone 4 41 4103 Cut - Posthole Sub-rectangular 0.32 0.29 unknown cut of posthole, not excavated 4 41 4104 Fill 4103 Fill Mid greyish 0.32 0.29 unknown brown loose and sandy silt 4 41 4105 Cut - Posthole Sub-rectangular, 0.47 0.34 0.15 tapered point 4 41 4106 Fill 4105 Fill Mid greyish 0.47 0.34 0.15 brown loose and sandy silt 4 41 4107 Cut - Posthole Oval cut of 0.37 0.29 unknown posthole, not excavated 4 41 4108 Fill 4107 Fill Mid greyish 0.37 0.29 unknown brown loose and sandy silt 4 41 4109 Cut - Posthole Oval cut of 0.3 0.25 unknown posthole, not excavated 4 41 4110 Fill 4109 Fill Mid greyish 0.3 0.25 unknown brown loose and sandy silt 4 42 4200 Layer - Topsoil Mid-dark 30.4 2 0.18 Modern brownish grey loose clayey silt 4 42 4201 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish 30.4 2 0.17 brown friable sandy silt, 1% stone 4 42 4202 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish 30.4 2 0.06+ brown compact and moist sandy clay with pale bluish grey patches, moderate sub- rounded stone 4 42 4203 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.29 0.28 unknown

56 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

unexcavated 4 42 4204 Fill 4203 Fill Mid dark greyish 0.29 0.28 unknown brown loose sandy silt, 20% charcoal 4 42 4205 Cut - Posthole Circular feature, 0.33 0.31 0.07 regular gently sloping sides to rounded base 4 42 4206 Fill 4205 Fill Mid brownish 0.33 0.31 0.07 grey with streaks of dark blackish grey friable sandy silt 4 42 4207 Cut - Posthole Circular cut of 0.5 0.44 unknown posthole, not excavated 4 42 4208 Fill 4207 Fill Mid-dark 0.5 0.44 unknown brownish grey, 20-30% charcoal, friable sandy silt 4 42 4209 Cut - Posthole Slightly irregular 0.81 >0.6 0.14 circular feature, moderately sloping to irregular flat base 4 42 4210 Fill 4209 Fill Mid brownish 0.81 >0.6 0.14 grey with streaks of light grey and dark greyish black, friable sandy silt, 20% charcoal 4 42 4211 Cut - Posthole Circular cut of 0.36 0.36 unknown posthole, not excavated 4 42 4212 Fill 4211 Fill Mid-dark 0.36 0.36 unknown brownish grey friable sandy silt 1% sub rounded stone, 10% charcoal 4 43 4300 Layer - Topsoil Mid-dark 32.5 2 0.21 Modern brownish grey loose clayey silt 4 43 4301 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish 32.5 2 0.18 brown friable sandy silt, 1% stone 4 43 4302 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish 32.5 2 0.03+ brown compact sandy clay with pale bluish patches, moderate sub- rounded stone 4 43 4303 Cut Posthole Oval cut of 0.29 0.26 unknown posthole, not excavated 4 43 4304 Fill Fill Light greyish 0.29 0.26 unknown brown loose sandy silt 4 43 4305 Cut Posthole Oval cut of 0.38 0.34 unknown posthole, not excavated 4 43 4306 Fill Fill Mid greyish 0.38 0.34 unknown brown loose and sandy silt

57 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

4 43 4307 Cut Posthole Sub-rectangular 0.41 0.35 unknown cut of posthole, not excavated 4 43 4308 Fill Fill Mid greyish 0.41 0.35 unknown brown loose and sandy silt 4 43 4309 Cut Posthole Sub-rectangular 0.43 0.34 unknown cut of posthole, not excavated 4 43 4310 Fill Fill Mid greyish 0.43 0.34 unknown brown loose and sandy silt 4 43 4311 Cut Posthole Sub-rectangular 0.53 0.46 0.17 feature, steep and straight sides to tapered point 4 43 4312 Fill Fill Mid greyish 0.53 0.46 0.17 brown with mid yellowish brown patches, loose and sandy silt 4 43 4313 Cut Posthole Sub-rectangular 0.43 0.39 unknown cut of posthole, not excavated 4 43 4314 Fill Fill Mid greyish 0.43 0.39 unknown brown loose and sandy silt 4 44 4400 Layer - Topsoil Mid- dark 30.2 2 0.21 Modern brownish grey loose clayey silt 4 44 4401 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish 30.2 2 0.18 brown friable sandy silt, 1% stone 4 44 4402 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish 30.2 2 0.05+ brown compact sandy clay with pale bluish patches, 5-10% sub-rounded stone 4 44 4403 Cut - Posthole Circular cut of 0.32 0.29 unknown posthole, not excavated 4 44 4404 Fill 4403 Fill Mid greyish 0.32 0.29 Unknown brown loose and moist sandy silt 4 44 4405 Cut - Posthole Circular cut of 0.36 0.34 unknown posthole, not excavated 4 44 4406 Fill 4405 Fill Mid greyish 0.36 0.34 unknown brown loose and moist sandy silt 4 45 4500 Layer - Topsoil Mid-dark 30 2 0.21 Modern brownish grey loose clayey silt 4 45 4501 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish 30 2 0.16 brown friable sandy silt, 1% stone 4 45 4502 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish 30 2 0.04+ brown compact and moist sandy clay with pale bluish grey patches 4 45 4503 Cut - Posthole Oval cut of 0.4 0.35 unknown posthole, not excavated

58 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

4 45 4504 Fill 4503 Fill Mid greyish 0.4 0.35 Unknown brown loose and moist sandy silt 4 45 4505 Cut - Posthole Elongated oval 1 0.3 unknown cut of posthole, not excavated 4 45 4506 Fill 4505 Fill Mid greyish 1 0.3 unknown brown loose and moist sandy silt 4 45 4507 Cut - Posthole Oval cut of 0.41 0.34 unknown posthole, not excavated 4 45 4508 Fill 4507 Fill Mid greyish 0.41 0.34 unknown brown loose and moist sandy silt 4 46 4600 Layer - Topsoil Mid-dark 30.1 2 0.23 Modern brownish grey loose clayey silt 4 46 4601 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish 30.1 2 0.18 brown friable sandy silt, 1% stone 4 46 4602 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish 30.1 2 0.04+ brown compact and moist sandy clay with pale bluish grey patches, moderate sub- rounded stone 4 46 4603 Cut - Posthole Circular cut of 0.3 0.3 unknown posthole, not excavated 4 46 4604 Fill 4603 Fill Mid greyish 0.3 0.3 unknown brown loose and sandy silt 3 47 4700 Layer - Topsoil Dark grey silty 30 2 0.19 Modern sand, loose, rooting disturbance, humic 3 47 4701 Layer - Subsoil Mid grey brown 30 2 0.19 with occ. orange mottling, friable, root disturbance. 3 47 4702 Layer - Natural Mid orange 30 2 0.01+ brown and grey brown sandy clay, 20% natural flint inclusions 3 47 4703 Cut - Gully/land Linear feature, >2 0.35 unknown Modern drain land drain, not excavated 3 47 4704 Fill 4703 Fill Mid grey with >2 0.35 unknown orange mottling sandy clay, evidence of rapid deposition 3 47 4705 Cut - Gully/land Linear feature, >2 0.44 unknown Modern drain land drain, not excavated 3 47 4706 Fill - Fill Mid grey with >2 0.44 unknown orange mottling sandy clay 3 47 4707 Cut - Ditch NE-SW aligned >7 0.7 0.2 linear, uneven sides to flat base.

59 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

3 47 4708 Fill 4707 Fill Light grey brown >7 0.7 0.2 with streaks of dark grey and orange mottling, friable silty clay. Rooting and <1% charcoal 3 48 4800 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish 31.24 2 0.4 Modern brown friable sandy clay, 5% natural flint 3 48 4801 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish 31.24 2 0.15 brown friable sandy clay, 5% natural flint 3 48 4802 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish 31.24 2 0.01+ brown soft silty clay, 5% natural flint 3 48 4803 Cut - Posthole Square feature, 0.38 0.4 0.12 sharp rounded concave sides with flat base 3 48 4804 Fill 4803 Fill Mid greyish 0.38 0.4 0.12 brown soft silty clay, sterile 3 49 4900 Layer - Topsoil Dark grey silt 30 2 0.19 Modern sand, loose, rooting disturbance 3 49 4901 Layer - Subsoil Mid grey brown 30 2 0.21 with occ. orange mottling, friable, root disturbance 3 49 4902 Layer - Natural Mid orange 30 2 0.07+ brown and grey brown sandy clay, 20% natural flint inclusions 3 49 4903 Cut - Ditch NE-SW aligned >2 0.7 unknown linear, uneven sides to flat base. Not excavated 3 49 4904 Fill 4903 Fill Light grey brown >2 0.7 unknown with streaks of dark grey and orange mottling, friable silty clay. Rooting and <1% charcoal 3 50 5000 Layer - Topsoil Mid brownish 31.4 2 0.23 Modern grey clayey silty, occ stone, friable 3 50 5001 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish 31.4 2 0.22 brown friable silty sand 3 50 5002 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish 31.4 2 0.14+ grey, grey and brown streaks, friable silty sand 3 50 5003 Cut - Gully/land Irregular linear, >2.2 0.52 0.06 Modern drain NW-SE aligned, irregular sides and base 3 50 5004 Fill 5003 Fill Mid greyish >2.2 0.52 0.06 brown friable and soft silty sand, sterile

60 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

3 50 5005 Cut - Posthole Irregular oval >2.1 0.57 0.13 shape, irregular moderately sloping sides, pitted base 3 50 5006 Fill 5005 Fill Mid brownish >2.1 0.57 0.13 grey friable and soft silty sand, 5% stone 3 51 5100 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish 29.5 2 0.3 Modern brown, sandy silt which is loose. 10% sub-angular flint 3 51 5101 Layer - Subsoil Mid brownish 29.5 2 0.25 grey sandy silt which is loose. 5% sub-sub- angular gravel 3 51 5102 Layer - Natural Light yellowish 29.5 2 0.03+ greyish brown sandy clay which is compact 3 51 5103 Cut - Posthole Circular. 0.24 0.19 0.04 Moderate/steep sides. Angled base to the west, with concave breaks of slope 3 51 5104 Fill 5103 Fill Mid greyish 0.24 0.19 0.04 brown sandy silt which is loose 3 51 5105 Cut - Hedgerow Parallel sides in >2.74 0.57 0.15 Modern plan, irregular base and sides. Sides are vertical - steep. NE-SW 3 51 5106 Fill 5105 Fill Mid brownish >2.74 0.57 0.15 Modern grey sandy silt loose. 5% sub- sub-angular gravel 3 51 5107 Cut - Posthole Oval. Possibly 0.41 0.38 unknown associated with [5103] and [5109] 3 51 5108 Fill 5107 Fill Mid greyish 0.41 0.38 unknown brown sandy silt which is friable 3 51 5109 Cut - Posthole Oval. Possibly 0.39 0.36 unknown associated with [5103] and [5109]. 3 51 5110 Fill 5109 Fill Mid greyish 0.39 0.36 unknown brown sandy silt which is friable 3 52 5200 Layer - Topsoil Dark greyish 30 2 0.24 brown silty sand loose. Humic content high 3 52 5201 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish 30 2 0.23 brown with occasional orange mottling. Silty sand 3 52 5202 Layer - Natural Mid orange 30 2 0.06+ brown/light grey brown sandy clay. 20% natural

61 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

flint

3 52 5203 Cut - Posthole Square WWII 0.54 0.36 unknown defence. 90 degree corners 3 52 5204 Fill 5203 Fill Mid greyish 0.54 0.36 unknown brown silty sand which is friable 3 52 5205 Cut - Gully/ Land Linear cut of field >2 0.5 unknown Modern Drain drain 3 52 5206 Fill 5205 Fill Mid greyish >2 0.5 unknown Modern brown silty sand which is friable. Mottle with orange natural 3 52 5207 Cut - Posthole Square WWII 0.42 0.49 0.05 defence. 90 degree corners. Flat Base 3 52 5208 Fill 5207 Fill Dark greyish 0.42 0.49 0.05 brown with orange mottling. Sandy silt which is friable 3 53 5300 Layer - Topsoil Mid-dark 31.2 2 0.26 Modern brownish grey clayey silt which is friable. Occasional stone 3 53 5301 Layer - Subsoil Mid-dark 31.2 2 0.27 brownish grey sandy silt which is friable 3 53 5302 Layer - Natural Light yellowish 31.2 2 0.05+ grey with brownish yellow and grey steaking. Silty sand which is friable 3 53 5303 Cut - Gully/Land Linear cut of field >3.25 0.6 0.27 Modern Drain drain. Moderate and steep sides, both are straight. NW-SE 3 53 5304 Fill 5303 Fill Mid brownish >3.25 0.6 0.27 Modern grey sandy silt which is friable and moist. Moderate amount of sub- rounded stone (<50mm) 3 53 5305 Cut - Posthole Sub-square with 0.43 0.36 0.12 sub-angular corners. Near vertical sides which are straight. Flat base 3 53 5306 Fill 5305 Fill Mid brownish 0.43 0.36 0.12 grey sandy silt which is friable and moist. Sparse amount of sub-rounded stone (<40mm)

62 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

3 54 5400 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish 30 2 0.3 Modern brown sandy silt friable 3 54 5401 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish 30 2 0.24 brown sandy clay which is friable. 5% flint (20mm) 3 54 5402 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish 30 2 0.07+ brown silty clay which is soft. 5% flint (>30mm) 3 54 5403 Cut - Posthole Oval, rounded 0.27 0.19 0.14 corners. Rounded and concave sides. Flat base 3 54 5404 Fill 5403 Fill Mid greyish 0.27 0.19 0.14 brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm) 3 54 5405 Cut - Posthole Circular, rounded 0.3 0.3 unknown corners. Unexcavated 3 54 5406 Fill 5405 Fill Mid greyish 0.3 0.3 unknown brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm) 3 54 5407 Cut - Posthole Oval, rounded 0.19 0.19 0.14 corners. Rounded and concave sides. Flat base 3 54 5408 Fill 5407 Fill Mid greyish 0.19 0.19 0.14 brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm) 3 54 5409 Cut - Posthole Circular, rounded 0.2 0.2 unknown corners. Unexcavated 3 54 5410 Fill 5409 Fill Mid greyish 0.2 0.2 unknown brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm) 3 55 5500 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish 31.3 2 0.37 Modern brown sandy silt loose 3 55 5501 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish 31.3 2 0.18 brown sandy silt which is friable but firm. Sparse amount of sub- angular flint (<50mm) 3 55 5502 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish 31.3 2 0.07+ brown sandy clay with pale whitish grey patches. Compact and moist. Moderate amount of flint (<50mm) 3 55 5503 Cut - Posthole Oval with sub- 0.42 0.38 0.08 rounded corners. Moderate and straight sides. Tapered round point

63 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

3 55 5504 Fill 5503 Fill Dark brownish 0.42 0.38 0.08 grey sandy silt loose. Moderate amount of stone (<40mm) and rare amount of charcoal (<10mm) 3 55 5505 Cut - Ditch Linear with >2 1.12 0.36 parallel sides. Moderate and straight sides. Flattish base 3 55 5506 Fill 5505 Fill Mid greyish brown silty sand loose and soft. Moderate amount of sub- rounded stone (<60mm) and very rare amount of charcoal (<10mm) 3 56 5600 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish 32.5 2 0.29 Modern brown sandy clay which is friable 3 56 5601 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish 32.5 2 0.29 brown sandy clay which is friable. 5% flint (20mm) 3 56 5602 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish 32.5 2 0.02+ brown silty clay which is compact. 5% flint (>30mm) 3 56 5603 Cut - Ditch Linear. Flat and >2 >1.05 0.4 shallow sides. Flat base. E-W 3 56 5604 Fill 5603 Fill Mid greyish >2 >1.05 0.4 brown with orange mottling. Sandy clay which is friable. 1% flint/gravel 3 57 5700 Layer - Topsoil Mid-dark greyish 31.5 2 0.24 Modern brown sandy silt loose 3 57 5701 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish 31.5 2 0.3 brown sandy silt which is friable but firm. Sparse amount of sub- angular flint (<50mm) 3 57 5702 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish 31.5 2 0.04+ brown sandy clay with pale whitish grey patches. Compact 3 58 5800 Layer - Topsoil Mid-dark greyish 30.1 2 0.25 Modern brown sandy silt loose 3 58 5801 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish 30.1 2 0.27 brown sandy silt which is friable but firm. Sparse amount of sub- angular flint (<50mm)

64 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

3 58 5802 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish 30.1 2 0.05+ brown sandy clay with pale whitish grey patches. Compact and moist. Moderate amount of flint (<50mm) 3 58 5803 Cut - Ditch Cut of field drain. >2.1 1.6 unknown Parallel sides. Associated with [5505] 3 58 5804 Fill 5803 Fill Mid greyish >2.1 1.6 unknown brown silty sandy loose. Moderate amount of sub- rounded stone (<40mm) 3 59 5900 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish 32 2 0.39 Modern brown sandy clay which is friable. 5% flint (>20mm) 3 59 5901 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish 32 2 0.04 brown sandy clay which is friable. 5% flint (>20mm) 3 59 5902 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish 32 2 0.01+ brown silty clay which is compact. 5% flint (>30mm) 3 59 5903 Cut - Posthole Oval in plan. 0.23 0.23 unknown Unexcavated 3 59 5904 Fill 5903 Fill Mid greyish b 0.23 0.23 brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm) 3 59 5905 Cut - Posthole Oval in plan. 0.18 0.14 Unexcavated 3 59 5906 Fill 5905 Fill Mid greyish 0.18 0.14 brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm) 3 59 5907 Cut - Posthole Oval in plan. 0.19 0.2 Unexcavated 3 59 5908 Fill 5907 Fill Mid greyish 0.19 0.2 brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm) 3 59 5909 Cut - Posthole Oval, rounded 0.4 0.38 0.05 corners. Sharp, rounded, concave sides. Flat base 3 59 5910 Fill 5909 Fill Mid greyish 0.4 0.38 0.05 brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm 3 59 5911 Cut - Posthole Oval in plan. 0.2 0.2 Unexcavated 3 59 5912 Fill 5911 Fill Mid greyish 0.2 0.2 brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm) 3 59 5913 Cut - Posthole Oval in plan. 0.23 0.23 Unexcavated

65 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

3 59 5914 Fill 5913 Fill Mid greyish 0.23 0.23 brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm) 3 59 5915 Cut - Posthole Oval, rounded 0.4 0.38 0.07 corners. Sharp, rounded, concave sides. Flat base 3 59 5916 Fill 5915 Fill Mid greyish 0.4 0.38 0.07 brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm) 3 59 5917 Cut - Posthole Oval in plan. 0.29 0.28 Unexcavated 3 59 5918 Fill 5917 Fill Mid greyish 0.29 0.28 brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm) 3 59 5919 Cut - Posthole Oval in plan. 0.16 0.15 Unexcavated 3 59 5920 Fill 5919 Fill Mid greyish 0.16 0.15 brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm) 3 59 5921 Cut - Posthole Oval in plan. 0.27 0.25 Unexcavated 3 59 5922 Fill 5921 Fill Mid greyish 0.27 0.25 brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm 3 59 5923 Cut - Posthole Oval, rounded 0.23 0.23 0.1 corners. Sharp, rounded, concave sides. Flat base 3 59 5924 Fill 5923 Fill Mid greyish 0.23 0.23 0.1 brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm) 3 59 5925 Cut - Posthole Oval in plan. 0.39 0.33 unknown Unexcavated 3 59 5926 Fill 5925 Fill Mid greyish 0.39 0.33 unknown brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm) 3 59 5927 Cut - Posthole Oval in plan. 0.25 0.25 unknown Unexcavated 3 59 5928 Fill 5927 Fill Mid greyish 0.25 0.25 unknown brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm) 3 59 5929 Cut - Posthole Oval in plan. 0.17 0.15 unknown Unexcavated 3 59 5930 Fill 5929 Fill Mid greyish 0.17 0.15 unknown brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm) 3 59 5931 Cut - Posthole Oval in plan. 0.19 0.19 unknown Unexcavated 3 59 5932 Fill 5931 Fill Mid greyish 0.19 0.19 unknown brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm) 3 59 5933 Cut - Posthole Oval in plan. 0.26 0.23 unknown Unexcavated

66 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

3 59 5934 Fill 5933 Fill Mid greyish 0.26 0.23 unknown brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm) 3 59 5935 Cut - Posthole Oval in plan. 0.25 0.3 unknown Unexcavated 3 59 5936 Fill 5935 Fill Mid greyish 0.25 0.3 unknown brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm) 3 59 5937 Cut - Posthole Oval in plan. 0.2 0.18 unknown Unexcavated 3 59 5938 Fill 5937 Fill Mid greyish 0.2 0.18 unknown brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm) 3 59 5939 Cut - Posthole Oval in plan. 0.27 0.27 unknown Unexcavated 3 59 5940 Fill 5939 Fill Mid greyish 0.27 0.27 unknown brown silty clay which is soft. 1% flint (>20mm) 3 59 5941 Cut - Ditch Linear parallel >2 1.06 unknown sides. Most likely a field drain, as it is associated with [5505] and [5803] 3 59 5942 Fill 5941 Fill Mid greyish >2 1.06 unknown brown silty sand which is loose and soft 3 59 5943 Cut - Ditch Linear parallel >2 0.46 unknown sides. Most likely a field drain, as it is associated with [5505] and [5803] 3 59 5944 Fill 5943 Fill Mid greyish >2 0.46 unknown brown silty sand loose 3 60 6000 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish 31.54 2 0.4 Modern brown friable sandy clay, 5% natural flint 3 60 6001 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish 31.54 2 0.2 brown friable sandy clay, 5% natural flint 3 60 6002 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish 31.54 2 0.01+ brown soft silty clay, 5% natural flint 3 60 6003 Cut - Posthole Square shaped 0.35 0.3 0.05 feature, shape squared concave sides, flat base 3 60 6004 Fill 6003 Fill Mid greyish 0.35 0.3 0.05 brown soft silty clay 1 61 6100 Layer - Topsoil Mid brown silty 30.5 1.8 0.3 Modern sand, loose, rooting, <1% sub- angular stone 1 61 6101 Layer - Subsoil Light brownish 30.5 1.8 0.3 grey loose silty sand, occ rooting <1% sub-angular

67 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

stone

1 61 6102 Layer - Natural Light brownish 30.5 1.8 0.3 yellow loose sandy clay, occ sub-angular stone 1 62 6200 Layer - Topsoil Dark grey brown 27 2 0.46 Modern friable sandy silt, high %age of humic matter, rooting 1 62 6201 Layer - Subsoil Mid grey brown 27 2 0.25 friable silty sand, high %age of humic matter, <1% flint gravel 1 62 6202 Layer - Natural Reddish brown 27 2 0.01+ with greenish grey mottling friable, <1% natural flint 1 63 6300 Layer - Topsoil Mid brown silty 32.6 1.8 0.37 Modern sand, loose, rooting, <1% sub- angular stone 1 63 6301 Layer - Subsoil Light brownish 32.6 1.8 0.13 grey loose silty sand, occ rooting <1% sub-angular stone 1 63 6302 Layer - Natural Light brownish 32.6 1.8 0.6+ yellow loose sandy clay, occ sub-angular stone 1 63 6303 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.5 0.4 unknown not excavated 1 63 6304 Fill 6303 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.5 0.4 unknown excavated 1 64 6400 Layer - Topsoil Mid brown loose 30.5 1.8 0.32 Modern silty sand, rooting <1% sub- angular stone 1 64 6401 Layer - Subsoil Light-mid greyish 30.5 1.8 0.18 brown loose silty sand, rooting, <1% sub-angular stone 1 64 6402 Layer - Natural Light yellowing 30.5 1.8 0.5+ brown loose clayey sand, rare inclusions 1 64 6403 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.5 0.4 unknown not excavated 1 64 6404 Fill 6403 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.5 0.4 unknown excavated 1 64 6405 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.5 0.4 unknown not excavated 1 64 6406 Fill 6405 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.5 0.4 unknown excavated 1 65 6500 Layer - Topsoil Mid-dark greyish 28.5 2 0.34 Modern brown friable clayey silt, minimal rooting 1 65 6501 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish 28.5 2 0.18 brown compact clayey silt

68 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

1 65 6502 Layer - Natural Mid reddish 28.5 2 0.04+ yellow with streaks of yellow, grey and brown, compact clayey sand 1 66 6600 Layer - Topsoil Dark grey brown 40 2 0.3 loose sandy silt, rooting and humic 1 66 6601 Layer - Subsoil Light grey brown 40 2 0.16 loose silty sand, <1% common gravel 1 66 6602 Layer - Natural Mid reddish 40 2 0.16+ brown with greenish grey mottling friable sandy clay 1 66 6603 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.34 0.3 unknown not excavated 1 66 6604 Fill 6603 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.34 0.3 unknown excavated 1 66 6605 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.4 0.4 unknown not excavated 1 66 6606 Fill 6605 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.4 0.4 unknown excavated 1 66 6607 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.45 0.4 unknown not excavated 1 66 6608 Fill 6607 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.45 0.4 unknown excavated 1 66 6609 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.47 0.34 unknown not excavated 1 66 6610 Fill 6609 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.47 0.34 unknown excavated 1 66 6611 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.36 0.36 unknown not excavated 1 66 6612 Fill 6611 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.36 0.36 unknown excavated 1 66 6613 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.57 0.4 unknown not excavated 1 66 6614 Fill 6613 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.57 0.4 unknown excavated 1 67 NO ACCESS 1 68 6800 Layer - Topsoil Mid brownish 28.8 1.8 0.3 Modern grey loose clayey sand, rooting throughout 1 68 6801 Layer - Subsoil Light brownish 28.8 1.8 0.15 grey loose clayey sand, occ rooting 1 68 6802 Layer - Natural Light brownish 28.8 1.8 0.45+ grey loose sandy clay, with patches of light yellowish grey clayey sand, sterile 1 69 6900 Layer - Topsoil Mid-dark greyish 32.1 2 0.28 Modern brown friable clayey silt, minimal rooting 1 69 6901 Layer - Subsoil Mid greyish 32.1 2 0.26 brown compact clayey silt 1 69 6902 Layer - Natural Mid reddish 32.1 2 0.04 yellow with streaks of grey

69 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

and brown, compact clayey sand 1 69 6903 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.3 0.26 unknown not excavated 1 69 6904 Fill 6903 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.3 0.26 unknown excavated 1 69 6905 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.59 0.45 unknown not excavated 1 69 6906 Fill 6905 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.59 0.45 unknown excavated 1 69 6907 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.47 0.4 unknown not excavated 1 69 6908 Fill 6907 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.47 0.4 unknown excavated 1 69 6909 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.45 0.4 unknown not excavated 1 69 6910 Fill 6909 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.45 0.4 unknown excavated 1 69 6911 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.55 0.4 unknown not excavated 1 69 6912 Fill 6911 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.55 0.4 unknown excavated 1 69 6913 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.49 0.35 unknown not excavated 1 69 6914 Fill 6913 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.49 0.35 unknown excavated 1 69 6915 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.45 0.34 unknown not excavated 1 69 6916 Fill 6915 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.45 0.34 unknown excavated 1 70 7000 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish 31.3 2 0.3 Modern brown friable clayey sand, moderate sub- angular stones throughout 1 70 7001 Layer - Subsoil Light yellowish 31.3 2 0.22 brown friable but firm sandy clay, sterile, sparse rooting throughout 1 70 7002 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish 31.3 2 0.9+ brown compact and firm sandy clay, light grey patches 1 70 7003 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.3 0.3 unknown not excavated 1 70 7004 Fill 7003 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.3 0.3 unknown excavated 1 70 7005 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.5 0.4 unknown not excavated 1 70 7006 Fill 7005 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.5 0.4 unknown excavated 1 70 7007 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.5 0.4 unknown not excavated 1 70 7008 Fill 7007 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.5 0.4 unknown excavated 1 70 7009 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.5 0.4 unknown not excavated 1 70 7010 Fill 7009 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.5 0.4 unknown excavated 1 71 7100 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish 31 2 0.27 Modern brown friable but firm clayey sand, moderate sub-

70 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

angular stone

1 71 7101 Layer - Subsoil Light yellowish 31 2 0.19 brown friable but firm sandy clay, rooting throughout 1 71 7102 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish 31 2 0.04+ brown compact sandy clay with light grey patches, moderate rooting 1 71 7103 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.3 0.3 unknown not excavated 1 71 7104 Fill 7103 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.3 0.3 unknown excavated 1 71 7105 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.45 0.37 unknown not excavated 1 71 7106 Fill 7105 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.45 0.37 unknown excavated 1 71 7107 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.4 0.3 unknown not excavated 1 71 7108 Fill 7107 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.4 0.3 unknown excavated 1 71 7109 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.4 0.4 unknown not excavated 1 71 7110 Fill 7109 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.4 0.4 unknown excavated 1 71 7111 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.46 0.46 unknown not excavated 1 71 7112 Fill 7111 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.46 0.46 unknown excavated 1 71 7113 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.46 0.46 unknown not excavated 1 71 7114 Fill 7113 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.46 0.46 unknown excavated 1 72 7200 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish 31.8 2 0.29 Modern brown friable but firm clayey sand, moderate sub- angular stone 1 72 7201 Layer - Subsoil Light yellowish 31.8 2 0.24 brown friable but firm sandy clay, rooting 1 72 7202 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish 31.8 2 0.06+ brown compact and firm sandy clay, light grey patches 1 73 7300 Layer - Topsoil Mid brownish 30.2 1.8 0.3 Modern grey loose clayey sand, rooting throughout 1 73 7301 Layer - Subsoil Light brownish 30.2 1.8 0.25 grey loose clayey sand, occ rooting 1 73 7302 Layer - Natural Light brownish 30.2 1.8 0.5+ grey loose sandy clay, with patches of light yellowish grey clayey sand 1 73 7303 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.4 0.35 unknown not excavated 1 73 7304 Fill 7303 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.4 0.35 unknown excavated

71 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

1 73 7305 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.5 0.47 unknown not excavated 1 73 7306 Fill 7305 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.5 0.47 unknown excavated 1 73 7307 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.5 0.32 unknown not excavated 1 73 7308 Fill 7307 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.5 0.32 unknown excavated 1 73 7309 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.5 0.35 unknown not excavated 1 73 7310 Fill 7309 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.5 0.35 unknown excavated 1 73 7311 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.35 0.3 unknown not excavated 1 73 7312 Fill 7311 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.35 0.3 unknown excavated 1 73 7313 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.33 0.3 unknown not excavated 1 73 7314 Fill 7313 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.33 0.3 unknown excavated 1 74 7400 Layer - Topsoil Mid brownish 30.2 2 0.26 Modern grey friable clayey silt, moderate rooting 1 74 7401 Layer - Subsoil Mid yellowish 30.2 2 0.31 grey compact silty clay, root disturbance 1 74 7402 Layer - Natural Mid reddish 30.2 2 0.02+ yellow with streaks of yellow and whiteish clayey sand. Compact, moderate rooting 1 74 7403 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.5 0.42 unknown not excavated 1 74 7404 Fill 7403 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.5 0.42 unknown excavated 1 74 7405 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.44 0.22 unknown not excavated 1 74 7406 Fill 7405 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.44 0.22 unknown excavated 1 74 7407 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.3 0.27 unknown not excavated 1 74 7408 Fill 7407 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.3 0.27 unknown excavated 1 74 7409 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.26 0.25 unknown not excavated 1 74 7410 Fill 7409 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.26 0.25 unknown excavated 1 75 7500 Layer - Topsoil Mid brownish 30.54 2 0.24 Modern grey friable silty sand 1 75 7501 Layer - Subsoil Light brownish 30.54 2 0.16 grey friable sandy clay, occ natural flint 1 75 7502 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish 30.54 2 0.01+ red soft sandy clay, occ natural flint 1 75 7503 Cut - Gully/land NE-SW aligned >1 >0.42 >0.13 Modern drain linear, sharp rounded concave sides, flat base 1 75 7504 Fill 7503 Fill Mid greyish >1 >0.42 >0.13 Modern brown soft sandy

72 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

clay, 5% natural flint 1 75 7505 Cut - Posthole Square feature, >0.53 >0.38 >0.07 sharp rounded concave sides, flat base 1 75 7506 Fill 7505 Fill Mid greyish >0.53 >0.38 >0.07 brown friable and soft silty clay, natural flint 1 75 7507 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.5 0.45 unknown not excavated 1 75 7508 Fill 7507 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.5 0.45 unknown excavated 1 75 7509 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.46 0.4 unknown not excavated 1 75 7510 Fill 7509 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.46 0.4 unknown excavated 1 76 7600 Layer - Topsoil Mid brownish 28 2 0.29 Modern grey friable silty sand 1 76 7601 Layer - Subsoil Light brownish 28 2 0.23 grey friable sandy clay, occ natural flint 1 76 7602 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish 28 2 0.08+ red soft sandy clay, occ natural flint 1 76 7603 Cut - Posthole Square feature, 0.55 0.45 unknown sharp rounded concave sides, flat base 1 76 7604 Fill 7603 Fill Mid greyish 0.55 0.45 unknown brown friable and soft silty clay, natural flint 1 76 7605 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.9 0.4 unknown not excavated 1 76 7606 Fill 7605 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.9 0.4 unknown excavated TR 77-82 NO ACCESS 2 83 8300 Layer - Topsoil Dark-mid greyish 29.5 2 0.31 Modern brown loose clayey sand, fine rooting 2 83 8301 Layer - Subsoil Mid yellowish 29.5 2 0.21 brown friable but firm clayey sand, moderate rooting 2 83 8302 Layer - Natural Light reddish 29.5 2 0.08+ brown compact and firm sandy clay with light greenish yellow patches, moderate rooting 2 84 8400 Layer - Topsoil Dark-mid greyish 34 2 0.29 Modern brown loose clayey sand, fine rooting 2 84 8401 Layer - Subsoil Mid yellowish 34 2 0.22 brown friable but firm clayey sand, sparse sub- angular stone

73 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

2 84 8402 Layer - Natural Light reddish 34 2 0.09+ brown compact and firm sandy clay with light greenish yellow patches 2 84 8403 Cut - Posthole Oval feature, 0.32 0.27 0.1 steep and straight sides with rounded base 2 84 8404 Fill 8403 Fill Mid greyish 0.32 0.27 0.1 brown friable but firm clayey sand 2 85 8500 Layer - Topsoil Dark-mid greyish 31.7 2 0.32 Modern brown friable clayey silt 2 85 8501 Layer - Subsoil Mid brownish 31.7 2 0.53 grey compact- friable silty clay 2 85 8502 Layer - Natural Mid reddish 31.7 2 0.05+ yellow with streaks of grey and brown, compact clayey sand 2 85 8503 Cut - Gully/land Irregular linear, 6.7 0.6 0.18 Modern drain moderately sloping symmetrical sides with rounded base 2 85 8504 Fill 8503 Fill Mid brownish 6.7 0.6 0.18 Modern bluish grey friable clayey sand 2 85 8505 Cut - Gully/land Irregular linear, 6.7 0.6 0.18 Modern drain moderately sloping symmetrical sides with rounded base, pos same as [8503], pos badgers' set (disturbance) 2 85 8506 Fill 8505 Fill Mid brownish 6.7 0.6 0.18 Modern bluish grey friable clayey sand 2 85 8507 Cut - Gully/land Linear NW-SE >1 0.56 0.2 Modern drain aligned feature, moderate and straight sides, sub rounded base 2 85 8508 Fill 8507 Fill Mid bluish grey >1 0.56 0.2 Modern friable but firm sandy silt 2 85 8509 Cut - Posthole Oval feature, 0.34 0.37 0.08 moderately sloping sides with sub rounded base 2 85 8510 Fill 8509 Fill Mid bluish grey 0.34 0.37 0.08 friable but firm sandy silt

74 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

2 86 8600 Layer - Topsoil Dark-mid greyish 30.9 2 0.33 Modern brown loose clayey sand, fine rooting, sparse sub-rounded stone 2 86 8601 Layer - Subsoil Mid yellowish 30.9 2 0.26 brown friable but firm clayey sand, sparse rooting 2 86 8602 Layer - Natural Light reddish 30.9 2 0.06+ brown compact and firm sandy clay with pale greenish yellow patches 2 87 8700 Layer - Topsoil Dark greyish 30 2 0.27 Modern brown friable sandy silt, 10% chalk, nrooting 2 87 8701 Layer - Subsoil Light yellowish 30 2 0.15 brown friable silty sand, 25% chalk, rooting 2 87 8702 Layer - Natural Light brown 30 2 0.01+ friable sandy clay with green grey mottling, 5% natural gravel 2 87 8703 Cut - Posthole Irregular oval >0.36 0.21 0.15 feature, concave and uneven base 2 87 8704 Fill 8703 Fill Mid yellowish >0.36 0.21 0.15 brown friable sandy clay 2 87 8705 Cut - Posthole Circular feature, 0.2 0.13 0.22 steep sides 2 87 8706 Fill 8705 Fill Light brownish 0.2 0.13 0.22 grey loose sandy clay 2 87 8707 Cut - Posthole Circular feature, 0.34 0.34 0.22 steep sides 2 87 8708 Fill 8707 Fill Light brownish 0.34 0.34 0.22 grey loose sandy clay 2 87 8709 Cut - Posthole Circular feature, 0.3 0.28 0.14 moderate to steep sides with flat base 2 87 8710 Fill 8709 Fill Light brownish 0.3 0.28 0.14 grey loose sandy clay 2 87 8711 Cut - Posthole Circular feature 0.25 0.25 0.09 with shallow concave sides to concave base 2 87 8712 Fill 8711 Fill Dark greyish 0.25 0.25 0.09 brown friable silty sand, 20% charcoal 2 87 8713 Cut - Posthole Circular feature 0.34 0.34 0.1 with shallow concave sides to concave base 2 87 8714 Fill 8713 Fill Dark greyish 0.34 0.34 0.1 brown friable silty sand, 10% charcoal

75 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

2 88 8800 Layer - Topsoil Dark-mid greyish 32.8 2 0.29 Modern brown loose clayey sand, fine rooting, sparse sub-angular stone 2 88 8801 Layer - Subsoil Mid yellowish 32.8 2 0.22 brown friable and firm clayey sand, sparse sub- angular stone 2 88 8802 Layer - Natural Light yellowish/ 32.8 2 0.05+ reddish brown compact and firm sandy clay, rare sub-angular stone 2 89 8900 Layer - Topsoil Dark-mid greyish 31 2 0.23 Modern brown loose clayey sand, fine rooting, sparse sub-rounded stone 2 89 8901 Layer - Subsoil Mid yellowish 31 2 0.17 brown friable and firm clayey sand, moderate rooting sparse sub-rounded stone 2 89 8902 Layer - Natural Light yellowish/ 31 2 0.05+ reddish brown compact and firm sandy clay, moderate rooting 2 90 9000 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish 28.8 2 0.2 Modern brown friable sandy clay 5% small stone 2 90 9001 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish 28.8 2 0.2 brown friable sandy clay, 5% natural flint 2 90 9002 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish 28.8 2 0.01+ brown soft silty clay , 5% natural flint 2 90 9003 Cut - Pit Oval feature, >0.2 >0.2 0.09 Late sharp rounded Prehistoric concave sides to flat base 2 90 9004 Fill 9003 Fill Dark blackish >0.2 >0.2 0.09 Late brown soft silty Prehistoric clay, 25% charcoal, 10% burnt flint 2 91 9100 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish 30.82 2 0.25 Modern brown friable and soft sandy clay, occ small stone 2 91 9102 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish 30.82 2 0.17 brown friable and soft sandy clay occ sub- angular natural flint 2 91 9103 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish 30.82 2 0.01+ brown soft but

76 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

firm silty clay, 5% natural flint 2 92 9200 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish 33.84 2 0.19 Modern brown friable and soft sandy clay 2 92 9201 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish 33.84 2 0.2 brown friable and soft sandy clay occ sub- angular natural flint 2 92 9202 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish 33.84 2 0.01+ brown soft and firm silty clay, 5% natural flint and pebbles 2 92 9203 Cut - Pit Irregularly 1.17 0.85 0.17 shaped feature, moderate and straight sides, sub rounded base 2 92 9204 Fill 9203 Fill Mid yellowish 1.17 0.85 0.17 brown with greyish tint, friable but firm clayey sand 2 93 9300 Layer - Topsoil Mid brown loose 28.7 1.8 0.28 Modern sandy clay, rooting throughout, sub- angular stone 2 93 9301 Layer - Subsoil Mid brownish 28.7 1.8 0.15 grey loose sandy clay, sub-angular stone and chalk 2 93 9302 Layer - Natural Light greyish 28.7 1.8 0.01+ brown friable sandy clay, patches of yellowish grey clayey sand. Patches of mid brown/red sandy clay 2 93 9303 Cut - Posthole Circular feature, 0.33 0.33 0.37 vertical symmetrical sides, tapered to rounded point 2 93 9304 Fill 9303 Fill Mid reddish 0.33 0.33 0.37 brown friable sandy clay 2 93 9305 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.31 0.32 >0.05 not excavated same as [9303] 2 93 9306 Fill 9305 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.31 0.32 >0.05 excavated, same as (9304) 2 93 9307 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.34 0.25 >0.05 not excavated same as [9303] 2 93 9308 Fill 9307 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.34 0.25 >0.05 excavated, same as (9304) 2 93 9309 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.33 0.33 >0.05 not excavated same as [9303]

77 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

2 93 9310 Fill 9309 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.33 0.33 >0.05 excavated, same as (9304) 2 93 9311 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.44 0.33 >0.05 not excavated same as [9303] 2 93 9312 Fill 9311 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.44 0.33 >0.05 excavated, same as (9304) 2 93 9313 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.4 0.33 >0.05 not excavated same as [9303] 2 93 9314 Fill 9312 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.4 0.33 >0.05 excavated, same as (9304) 2 94 9400 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish 31.56 2 0.2 Modern brown friable and soft sandy clay, occ small stone 2 94 9401 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish 31.56 2 0.2 brown friable and soft sandy clay occ sub- angular natural flint 2 94 9402 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish 31.56 2 0.01+ brown soft and firm silty clay, sub angular natural flint 2 95 9500 Layer - Topsoil Dark brownish 30.7 1.8 0.2 Modern grey friable sandy clay, sub angular stone 2 95 9501 Layer - Subsoil Mid brownish 30.7 1.8 0.2 grey friable sandy clay, 25% sub- angular chalk and stone 2 95 9502 Layer - Natural Light greyish 30.7 1.8 0.1+ brown sandy clay, occ flint, patches of light brown sandy clay 2 95 9503 Cut - Posthole Circular feature, 0.25 0.18 >0.25 vertical sides

2 95 9504 Fill 9503 Fill Greyish brown 0.25 0.18 >0.25 friable sandy clay 2 95 9505 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.35 0.34 >0.25 not excavated same as [9503] 2 95 9506 Fill 9505 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.35 0.34 >0.25 excavated, same as (9504) 2 95 9507 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.23 0.21 >0.25 not excavated same as [9503] 2 95 9508 Fill 9507 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.23 0.21 >0.25 excavated, same as (9504) 2 95 9509 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.28 0.25 >0.25 not excavated same as [9503] 2 95 9510 Fill 9509 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.28 0.25 >0.25 excavated, same as (9504)

78 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

2 95 9511 Cut - Posthole Cut of posthole, 0.14 0.14 >0.25 not excavated same as [9503] 2 95 9512 Fill 9511 Fill Posthole fill, not 0.14 0.14 >0.25 excavated, same as (9504) 2 96 9600 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish 28.6 2 0.17 Modern brown friable sandy clay 2 96 9601 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish 28.6 2 0.23 brown sandy clay, 5% natural flint 2 96 9602 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish 28.6 2 0.01+ brown silty clay, 5% natural flint 2 96 9603 Cut - Posthole Circular feature, >0.22 >0.18 >0.05 sharp rounded concave sides to flat base 2 96 9604 Fill 9603 Fill Mid greyish >0.22 >0.18 >0.05 brown soft silty clay 2 96 9605 Cut - Posthole Circular feature, >0.22 >0.12 0.1 sharp rounded concave sides to flat base 2 96 9606 Fill 9605 Fill Mid greyish >0.22 >0.12 0.1 brown soft silty clay 2 96 9607 Cut - Posthole Circular feature, >0.54 >0.2 >0.06 sharp rounded concave sides to flat base 2 96 9608 Fill 9607 Fill Mid greyish >0.54 >0.2 >0.06 brown soft silty clay 2 97 9700 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish 29.3 2 0.23 Modern brown friable sandy clay, 5% small stones 2 97 9701 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish 29.3 2 0.12 brown friable sandy clay 5% flint 2 97 9702 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish 29.3 2 0.09+ brown soft silty clay, 5% natural flint 2 97 9703 Cut - Furrow Linear N-S >1 0.39 0.03 Medieval/ aligned feature, Post- sharp rounded medieval concave sides to flat base 2 97 9704 Fill 9703 Fill Mid greyish >1 0.39 0.03 Medieval/ brown friable Post- and soft silty medieval clay, 1% natural flint 2 97 9705 Cut - Tree throw Irregularly 2.11 1.48 0.11 shaped feature, moderate sides with irregular/uneven base 2 97 9706 Fill 9705 Fill Light brownish 2.11 1.48 0.11 grey friable sandy clay, 15% sub- angular stone

79 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

2 97 9707 Cut - Furrow Linear NE-SW >5.37 >1 unknown Medieval/ aligned feature, Post- unexcavated medieval 2 97 9708 Fill 9707 Fill Mid yellowish >5.31 >1 unknown Medieval/ brown compact Post- and firm sandy medieval clay 2 98 9800 Layer - Topsoil Dark greyish 30 2 0.25 Modern brown sandy silt with modern debris and sub- rounded flint 2 98 9801 Layer - Subsoil Mid reddish 30 2 0.23 brown silty clay with sub- rounded flint 2 98 9802 Layer - Natural Mid reddish 30 2 0.1+ yellow silty clay with common sub-rounded flint 2 98 9803 Cut - Pit Oval feature, >1.35 1.7 0.11 Late shallow sides, Prehistoric slightly concave and flat base 2 98 9804 Fill 9803 Fill Mid reddish >1.35 1.7 0.11 Late brown friable to Prehistoric compact silty clay 2 98 9805 Cut - Tree throw Cut of tree 1.6 0.9 unknown throw, unexcavated 2 98 9806 Fill 9805 Fill Mid reddish/ 1.6 0.9 unknown yellowish brown silty clay, flecks of charcoal 2 98 9807 Cut - Tree throw Cut of tree 3.1 0.85 unknown throw, unexcavated 2 98 9808 Fill 9807 Fill Mid reddish/ 3.1 0.85 unknown yellowish brown silty clay, flecks of charcoal 2 98 9809 Cut - Tree throw Cut of tree 1.51 0.98 unknown throw, unexcavated 2 98 9810 Fill 9809 Fill Mid reddish/ 1.51 0.98 unknown yellowish brown silty clay, flecks of charcoal 2 99 9900 Layer - Topsoil Mid-dark greyish 31.9 2 0.25 Modern brown loose clayey sand, moderate amount of chalk and sub-rounded stone 2 99 9901 Layer - Subsoil Mid yellowish 31.9 2 0.15 brown friable and moist clayey sand, sparse amount of chalk 2 99 9902 Layer - Natural Light yellowish 31.9 2 0.05+ brown compact and firm sandy clay with pale bluish patches 2 99 9903 Cut - Furrow Linear NE-SW >1 1.27 0.19 Medieval/ aligned feature, Post- moderate and medieval concave sides,

80 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

sub-rounded base 2 99 9904 Fill 9903 Fill Mid yellowish >1 1.27 0.19 Medieval/ brown compact Post- and firm sandy medieval clay 2 99 9905 Cut - Furrow Irregular shaped >2 0.68 0.07 Medieval/ linear, shallow Post- irregular sides to medieval sub rounded pitted base 2 99 9906 Fill 9905 Fill Mid yellowish >2 0.68 0.07 Medieval/ brown compact Post- clayey sand medieval 2 100 10001 Layer - Topsoil Mid greyish 39.24 2 0.19 Modern brown friable and soft sandy clay 2 100 10002 Layer - Subsoil Light greyish 39.24 2 0.16 brown sandy clay occ natural flint 2 100 10003 Layer - Natural Mid yellowish 39.24 2 0.01+ brown silty clay, 5% natural flint

81 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

APPENDIX B: THE FINDS

Table 3: Finds Concordance

Context Class Description Ct. Wt.(g) Spot-date 3004 medieval pottery Sandy oxidised (‘Newbury C’?) 2 70 C13-C15 CBM 2 19 3700 Burnt flint 4 23 3726 Iron rod 3 45 Iron nail 1 8 8704 CBM 1 12 8710 Iron U shaped spike 1 9 9300 Post-medieval pottery Glazed eathenware 1 4 MC16-C18 9304 CBM Pmed roof tile 1 136 9500 Post-medieval pottery Glazed eathenware 1 28 MC16-C18 Iron Gate fitting 1 49 9700 CBM 1 13 Iron object 1 24 9704 Iron nail 1 5 9706 Burnt flint 4 18 Flint Flake 1 10 9800 Post-medieval pottery Refined white ware 1 1 LC18-C19 9804 Prehistoric pottery Coarse flint-tempered 6 25 LBA? Prehistoric pottery Fine flint-tempered 1 7 Prehistoric pottery ?organic-tempered 3 1 Flint 3x flake, 1x core 4 90 Burnt flint 16 456

Finds Concordance of artefacts recovered from a single bulk sample (Appendix C, Table 4)

Context Sample no. Class Description Ct. Wt.(g) Spot-date 9004 1000 Late prehistoric pottery flint-tempered 2 1 Lpre Glass modern 1 1 Flint Flake 1 9

82 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

APPENDIX C: THE PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE

Table 4: Assessment table of the palaeoenvironmental remains

Flot Vol size Roots Charred Notes for Charcoal Feature Context Sample (L) (ml) % Grain Chaff Other Table > 4/2mm Other Trench 90 Posthole Prunus spinosa 9003 9004 1000 8 50 50 - - * stone frag **/*** -

Key: + = 1–4 items; ++ = 5–19 items; +++ = 20–49 items; ++++ = 50–99 items; +++++ = >100 items

Table 5: Identified animal species by fragment count (NISP) and weight and context Cut Fill EQ LM Ind Total Weight (g) 3123 3124 2 148 150 179 9300 1 1 54 Total 2 1 148 151 Weight 69 54 110 233

EQ = horse; LM = cattle size mammal; Ind = indeterminate

83 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

APPENDIX D: OASIS REPORT FORM

PROJECT DETAILS

Project Name Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire Short description An archaeological evaluation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in June 2016 at Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire. Ninety-three trenches were excavated. Archaeological features (of predominantly medieval, post-medieval and modern date) were identified within fifty-eight trenches during the trial trench evaluation; Trenches 63, 64, 66, 69 to 71 and 73 to 76 within Field 1; Trenches 84, 85, 87, 90, 92, 93 and 95 to 99 within Field 2; Trenches 47 to 60 within Field 3; Trenches 29 to 46 within Field 4; and Trenches 8, 20, 24 and 26 to 28 within Field 5.

Within Field 2, a small pit was identified within Trench 90 which contained an assemblage of charcoal remains and a pit containing a small assemblage of potsherds and burnt flint was identified within Trench 98 dating the feature to the late prehistoric period. Both pits are isolated examples indicative of temporary settlement activity dating to the prehistoric period. A similar isolated pit was also identified within Trench 92 but was undated.

Evidence for ridge-and-furrow was identified to the south-west in Field 2 with a series of three surviving parallel furrows orientated north-east/south-west. Based on their morphology and fill characteristics the ditches are typical of historic farming practices dating to the medieval period. Within Field 3, a ditch system broadly parallel with the existing field boundary network is likely to be associated with historic field boundaries dating to the medieval and post-medieval periods. A similar ditch sequence of comparable date was found to the north within Field 4 and to the west and south-west within Field 5. Trench 38 in Field 4 contained a series of north/south orientated wheel ruts. Although these features were not excavated and no finds recovered their location situated parallel to the existing east field boundary also suggests a possible medieval or post-medieval date for the wheel rutting.

One hundred and sixty-one postholes were identified during the trial trench evaluation within Field 1 – 5; all are likely to date to the modern period. Square cut postholes were found within Field 1 and both circular and elongated postholes were found within Fields 2, 3, 4 and 5. Based on their extensive intermittent positioning but also their projected alignments, morphology and fill characteristics and dating evidence, the postholes are likely to form part of an extensive network of Second World War tactical obstacles to include barbed wire entanglements and possible timber constructed tank proof obstacles erected during important anti- invasion defence works. If the features are associated with a network of Second World War tactical obstacles, and this seems likely, then they are located between the southern end of the important Stop Line Defence at Chequers Bridge and to the north of the Area Defence associated with the heavily defended army camp located north of Ewshot and are important to our understanding of homeland defence during the Battle of Britain in 1940.

Project dates 08-23 June 2016

Project type Trial trench evaluation

84 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

Previous work Not known

Future work Unknown PROJECT LOCATION Site Location Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire Study area (M2/ha) 33 ha Site co-ordinates SU 8015 5112

PROJECT CREATORS Name of organisation Cotswold Archaeology Project Brief originator Hampshire County Council Project Design (WSI) originator Cotswold Archaeology

Project Manager Richard Greatorex Project Supervisor Matt Nichol MONUMENT TYPE None SIGNIFICANT FINDS Possible WW2 defences PROJECT ARCHIVES Intended final location of archive Content (e.g. pottery, (museum/Accession no.) animal bone etc) Hampshire Museums Services

Physical Ceramics, worked and burnt flint and animal bone etc Paper Context sheets, matrices etc Digital Database, digital photos etc BIBLIOGRAPHY

ADS (Archaeological Data Service) (no date) Report on Chequers Bridge (Defence Area 51). Available at: http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/catalogue//adsdata/arch-455- 1/dissemination/pdf/Text_Reports/DA51_TEXT_-_CHEQUERS_BRIDGE.pdf Accessed 12 July 2016

Aston, M. 1985 Interpreting the Landscape: Landscape Archaeology and Local History. London: Routledge

Baker, P. and Worley, F. 2014 Animal bones and archaeology: Guidelines for best practice Swindon, English Heritage

BGS (British Geological Survey) 2015 Geology of Britain Viewer http://maps.bgs.ac.uk/geology viewer_google/googleviewer.html Accessed 24 June 2016

CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2016a Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Written Scheme of Investigation for an Archaeological Investigation

CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2016b Pillbox WA65 & WA85, Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Historic Building Recording

DCLG (Department of Communities and Local Government) 2012 National Planning Policy Framework

Eyre, S R. 1955 The Curving Plough-strip and its Historical Implications. Agricultural History Review: Volume 3,

85 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation

Number 2, pp 80-94

Foot, W. 2006 Beaches, fields, streets, and hills: the anti-invasion landscapes of England, 1940. York: CBA Research Report 144

HMSO 1936 Manual of Field Engineering (Royal Engineers). Volume II. London: His Majesty’s Stationary Office

Stace, C 1997 New Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press Books

WA (Wessex Archaeology) 2014 Albany Park, Church Crookham, Hampshire – Archaeological Desk Based Assessment (Client Report)

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SU OXFORDSHIRE A M ER S H Andover 01264 347630 H N IR Cirencester 01285 771022 E Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 READING SLOUGH London area Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 (see inset) w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk WEST e [email protected] OF BERKSHIRE

WINDSOR AND PROJECT TITLE SHIRE WOKINGHAM MAIDENHEAD BRACKNELL Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, FORESTT SURREY Hampshire

FIGURE TITLE HAMPSHIRE Site location plan 0 1km WEST SUSSEX EAS FIGURE NO. Reproduced from the 2016 Ordnance Survey Explorer map with DRAWN BY LD PROJECT NO. 770385 CITY OF the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller CHECKED BY LM DATE 19-07-2016 SOUTHAMPTON of Her Majesty's Stationery Office c Crown copyright Cotswold Archaeology Ltd 100002109 APPROVED BY LM SCALE@A4 1:25,000 1 CITY OF 479800 480000 480200 480400 N

151400

Field 5 T1 T3 T2 T6 T4

T8 T7 T5 T14 T9 T10 T12 T22 T13 T20 access point site boundary T18 T15 T30 evaluation trench T21 T17 T29 T19 T16 archaeological feature T24 T31 modern T23 T25 T32 151200 T22 T27 T33 field drain T28 T26 T47 treethrow T48 T38 T50 bioturbation T34 T39 T49 T51 T56 modern service T54 T35T37 T1 T52 T55 Field 4 T60 T58 T57 T53

T40 T59 T41 T61 T46 T45 T42 Field 3 Field 1 T62 T63 T44 T84 T85 T43 T83 151000 T64 T65 T66 T87 T69 0 100m T88 T68 T89 T86 T70 T72 T71 Field 2 T92 Digital base map supplied by client T90 T73 T91 T74 T96 T75 T94 T76 Andover 01264 347630 T97 T93 Cirencester 01285 771022 T98 Exeter 01392 826185 Milton Keynes 01908 564660 T95 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected] T99 PROJECT TITLE Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, T100 Hampshire FIGURE TITLE Trench location plan showing

150800 archaeological features, services and fields 1 - 5

DRAWN BY LD PROJECT NO. 770385 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY LM DATE 21/07/2016 APPROVED BY LM SCALE@A3 1:2,500 2 P:\770385 Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire HBR & Eval\Illustration\Drafts\770385_figs.dwg T59 N T61

Field 1

T62 T63

site boundary T85 evaluation trench T84 archaeological feature T65 modern field drain T64 T66 treethrow bioturbation modern service T69

T68 T88

T70 T86

T72 T71

T92 0 30m T73

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T74

Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Exeter 01392 826185 G:\Illustration\Illustration templates\autocad_template\CA_Logo_for_CAD.jpg T75 Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire T76 FIGURE TITLE T94 Field 1: Trench location plan showing T93 archaeological features

DRAWN BY LD PROJECT NO. 770385 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY LM DATE 21/07/2016 APPROVED BY LM SCALE@A3 1:750 3 P:\770385 Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire HBR & Eval\Illustration\Drafts\770385_figs.dwg N

T85 T84

T83

T64

T87

T69

T68 T89 T88 site boundary evaluation trench

T86 archaeological feature modern field drain treethrow bioturbation Field 2 T92 modern service

T90 T73

T91 See Fig. 10 T74

T96

T76 T97 0 30m T94 T98 T93

Digital base map supplied by client

T95

Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Exeter 01392 826185 G:\Illustration\Illustration templates\autocad_template\CA_Logo_for_CAD.jpg Milton Keynes 01908 564660 See Fig. 11 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected] T99 PROJECT TITLE Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire

FIGURE TITLE Field 2: Trench location plan showing archaeological features T100

DRAWN BY LD PROJECT NO. 770385 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY LM DATE 21/07/2016 APPROVED BY LM SCALE@A3 1:750 4 P:\770385 Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire HBR & Eval\Illustration\Drafts\770385_figs.dwg N

T47 site boundary evaluation trench T48 archaeological feature modern See fig. 12 field drain T50 treethrow bioturbation T39 modern service T49 T51 access point T56

T54 T52

T55

T57 T60 T58

T53 0 30m

Digital base map supplied by client See fig. 13 T59 T61 Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Field 3 Exeter 01392 826185 T46 Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire

FIGURE TITLE Field 3: Trench location plan showing Field 1 archaeological features T62 DRAWN BY LD PROJECT NO. 770385 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY LM DATE 21/07/2016 T63APPROVED BY LM SCALE@A3 1:750 5 P:\770385 Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire HBR & Eval\Illustration\Drafts\770385_figs.dwg N

T15 T30

T17 T29

T16

See fig. 14 T31 T32

T26 T33

site boundary T47 evaluation trench archaeological feature T48 modern T38 field drain T50 treethrow T34 bioturbation T39 T49 T51 modern service See fig. 15

T37 T35 Field 4 T52 T1

T53

T40

T41 0 40m T46 T45

T42 Digital base map supplied by client

Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Exeter 01392 826185 Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE T44 Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire

FIGURE TITLE Field 4: Trench location plan showing See fig. 16 T83 archaeological features T43

DRAWN BY LD PROJECT NO. 770385 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY LM DATE 21/07/2016 APPROVED BY LM SCALE@A3 1:1000 6 P:\770385 Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire HBR & Eval\Illustration\Drafts\770385_figs.dwg N

T1 T3

Field 5 T2 T6 T4

T7

T5 site boundary T8 evaluation trench T14 archaeological feature modern T10 T9 T12 field drain treethrow T22 T13 bioturbation modern service T20

T21 T18 T15 T30

T17 T29 T19 T16

T24 T31 T23 T32 T25 0 40m T22 T26 T33 T27

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T28

Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Exeter 01392 826185 Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE T34 Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire

FIGURE TITLE Field 5: Trench location plan showing archaeological features T37 T35 DRAWN BY LD PROJECT NO. 770385 FIGURE NO. Field 4 CHECKED BY LM DATE 21/07/2016 APPROVED BY LM SCALE@A3 1:1000 7 P:\770385 Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire HBR & Eval\Illustration\Drafts\770385_figs.dwg T1

There is a fine viewshed from the hill at Hancock's farm looking towards Chequers Bridge, another from the hillock west of Albany Farm, and others across the defence area formed by the pattern of fields and woods. The Basingstoke Canal acts as a prime focus linking the various viewsheds.

Fig. 2 - Air photograph taken in January 1946 showing the central and southern parts of the defence area.

Chequers Bridge is at the upper centre where the curving line of the Basingstoke Canal can be clearlyAndover seen. 01264 347630 Hancock's Farm lies to the south at the edge of woodland [to the left of centre of the photograph]Cirencester and 01285 771022 Coxmoor Wood is at the left edge. The line of the filled in anti-tank ditches can be madeCotswold out both northExeter and 01392 826185 evaluation site Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 south of the Canal. The centre of Crookham Village, and Pilcot, are off the photograph to the north. w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk Chequers Bridge switch line (tank trap) e [email protected] PROJECT TITLE Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Report on Chequers Bridge (Defence Area 51) - page 2 of 13 Hampshire FIGURE TITLE Aerial mapping of Chequers Bridge Switch Line (circa 1946)

Foot, W. 2209, “DA51 Chequers Bridge” in Defence Areas: a national study of Second DRAWN BY LD PROJECT NO. 770385 FIGURE NO. World War anti-invasion landscapes in England. Swindon: English Heritage CHECKED BY LM DATE 21/07/2016 APPROVED BY LM SCALE@A4 N/A 8 Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire

FIGURE TITLE Illustration of Tank-proof Obstacles, Royal Engineers Manual (circa 1936)

Manual of Field Engineering. Vol. II (Royal Engineers) 1936, London: HM Stationery DRAWN BY LD PROJECT NO. 770385 FIGURE NO. Office CHECKED BY LM DATE 21/07/2016 APPROVED BY LM SCALE@A4 N/A 9 N Section AA

W E 9004 A 89.0m A AOD 9004

pit pit 9003 9003

0 0.5m

Trench 90 looking north (1m scales)

Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire

FIGURE TITLE Field 2: Trench 90 plan, section and photograph

DRAWN BY LD PROJECT NO. 770385 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY LM DATE 21/07/2016 APPROVED BY RG SCALE@A4 1:10 10 Section BB LOE E W 91.8m AOD pit 9803

0 1m

Trench 98 looking north (1m scales)

N pit 9803

Pit 9803 looking south (1m scale) B B

9804

Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 T98 Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE 0 1m Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire

FIGURE TITLE Field 2: Trench 98 plan, section and photographs

DRAWN BY LD PROJECT NO. 770385 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY LM DATE 26/07/2016 APPROVED BY RG SCALE@A4 1:20 11 N

1:100 Trench 55 looking west (1m scales) 0 5m

field drain posthole ditch 5503 5505 C C

T55

Section CC

E W 83.1m AOD

5500

5501

5502 5502

5506

ditch 5505 0 1:20 1m

Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire

FIGURE TITLE Field 3: Trench 55 plan, section and photographs

DRAWN BY LD PROJECT NO. 770385 FIGURE NO. Ditch 5505 looking south (1m scales) CHECKED BY LM DATE 26/07/2016 APPROVED BY RG SCALE@A4 1:20; 1:100 12 posthole posthole 5907 posthole 5903 5911 posthole 5913 posthole 5917 posthole posthole T59 5921 posthole 5909 D 5923 posthole posthole F 5927 ditch 5905 D E 5941 posthole E F 5929 posthole posthole 5931 posthole N 5935 5915 posthole posthole 5919 5937 posthole 5925

0 1:100 5m ditch 5943 posthole 5933 posthole 5939

Section DD

N S 84.1m AOD 5910 5909

Section EE

E W 84.1m AOD 5916

5915

Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 Section FF Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected] SW NE 84.0m PROJECT TITLE AOD Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, 5924 Hampshire

FIGURE TITLE 5923 Field 3: Trench 59 plan, sections and photographs

0 1:10 0.5m Posthole 5923 looking west (20cm scale) Trench 59 looking east (1m scales) DRAWN BY LD PROJECT NO. 770385 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY LM DATE 26/07/16 APPROVED BY RG SCALE@A3 1:10; 1:100 13 Posthole 3109 looking east (20cm scale) Ditch 3117 looking south (40cm scale) Trench 31 looking east (1m scales)

posthole 3121

posthole field drain ditch 3113 posthole ditch 3123 3117 3119 posthole G 3111 posthole H posthole 3114 G H 3107 posthole posthole posthole 3109 3103 3105 T31

N

0 1:100 5m

Section GG Section HH SE NW N S 78.3m Andover 01264 347630 78.1m AOD Cirencester 01285 771022 AOD 3110 Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk 3109 3118 e [email protected] PROJECT TITLE Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, 3117 Hampshire 0 1:10 0.5m FIGURE TITLE Field 4: Trench 31 plan, sections and photographs

DRAWN BY LD PROJECT NO. 770385 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY LM DATE 26/07/16 APPROVED BY RG SCALE@A3 1:10; 1:100 14 Elongated pit 3721 looking south-east (40cm scale) Trench 37 looking west (1m scales)

field drain posthole pit 3723 pit 3705 posthole pit pit posthole 3703 pit 3709 3711 3715 posthole posthole 3719 posthole 3727 T37 3707 posthole I 3717 3721 J 3713 J I elongated pit N 3725

0 1:100 5m

Section II Section JJ

N S W E 80.8m 3729 80.8m 3726 AOD AOD Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Exeter 01392 826185 3729 3726 Cotswold 3725 Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk 3725 e [email protected] PROJECT TITLE wood Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire 0 1:10 0.5m FIGURE TITLE Field 4: Trench 37 plan, sections and photographs

DRAWN BY LD PROJECT NO. 770385 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY LM DATE 26/07/16 APPROVED BY RG SCALE@A3 1:10; 1:100 15 posthole 4303 field drain posthole posthole 4305 posthole 4307 posthole 4309 posthole 4311 4313

N

0 1:100 5m

Trench 43 looking west (1m scales)

Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire

FIGURE TITLE Field 4: Trench 43 plan and photograph

DRAWN BY LD PROJECT NO. 770385 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY LM DATE 26/07/2016 APPROVED BY RG SCALE@A4 1:100 16 Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Land at Watery Lane, Church Crookham, Hampshire

FIGURE TITLE Reinstatement undertaken by CA between Field 4 and Field 5

DRAWN BY LD PROJECT NO. 770385 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY LM DATE 21/07/2016 APPROVED BY LM SCALE@A4 N/A 17

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