Throvgh the Ages

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APRIL. 1927

"Look on this edifice of marble made— How fair it swells, too beautiful to fade." —PARK BENJAMIN r: Eia EJZl Eia EJD Bia EJB 0 Eia EJZl ElEl Era BT3 EJa LI- VOL. 4 APRIL. 1927 NO. 12

CONTENTS

PAGE CHECK DESK, FOREMAN NATIONAL BANK . Frontispiece

THE TWELVE-STORY BUILDING OF THE

NATIONAL BANK OF TAMPA 3

THE CUNARD BUILDING 7

THE TIME ELEMENT A VITAL FACTOR IN THE

COST OF MARBLE FINISH 14

A CENTURY OF PROGRESS 16

ONE OF THE EVERYDAY USES OF MARBLE 23

FRENCH RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE 24

The Style of Louis XV—Part 11

OF INTEREST TO THE ARCHITECT 30

EX-GOVERNOR EDWARDS' BANK 32

LAVATORIES IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS 35

A LIST OF THE WORLD'S M.\RBLES 37

Published Monthly f>v the NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MARBLE DEALERS GAY AND WATER STREETS. BALTIMORE, MD. Executive Offices: Cia8 ROCKEFELLER EuiLniNc. CLEVELAND. OHIO. Application for Second-Cla.'^s Mailing Privilfgc has been fikd at Baltimore. Md. Subscription Price $3.00 per year Single Copies 35 cents

Copyright 1927. NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MARBLE DEALERS Check desks of Galena Siena and Belgian Black marble in the Foreman National Bank, Chicago; Charles S. Frost, Chicago, architect. A Monthly Magazine devoted to the uses of Marble - its universal adaptability, beauty, permanency and economy

VOL.4 APRIL, 1927 NO. 12

THE TWELVE-STORY BUILDING OF THE NATIONAL BANK OF TAMPA

Travertine and Tavernelle Were Used To Good Effect

' I ^HE First National Bank of Tampa, yard. Hundreds of stately palms and ma• I which now occupies part of its new jestic live oaks, festooned with moss and twelve-story building at Franklin and alive with birds, gave a pleasant and rest• Madison Streets, was the first bank estab• ful atmosphere. The population at that lished in South Florida. Its history is prac• time was about 800. There were no rail• tically that of the growth of Tampa. The roads, no paved streets, no water system. structure is the fourth building the bank has All the houses were of wood. occupied since its founding early in 1883, With the town's expansion, it was seen closely following the abolition of the military thatgreater facilities wereneededbyTampa's post and the establishment of the town. bank, and accordingly a national charter The present head of the institution has was applied for. It was received on April 26, been president since the beginning. He and 1886, and the Bank of Tampa became the his associates established the Bank of First National Bank of Tampa, with paid Tampa with a capital of $25,000. The first up capital of $50,000. The humble quarters home was a rude wooden shack, and its of• had been outgrown, so the bank erected ficers considered themselves fortunate when Tampa's first brick building, at the corner the first day's deposits amounted to $5,636. of Washington and Franklin Streets, in the Gaping cracks let daylight into the bank's very heart of what was even then the busi• first home. The windows were protected ness district. Tampa was becoming a real with nothing more substantial than chicken town. wire, but with the honesty of the farmers, Improvements came rapidly during the fishermen and merchants who made up the next decade and once more it became neces• bulk of the population at that time, no sary for the First National Bank of Tampa stronger safeguards were apparently needed. to have larger quarters. Accordingly in The tropical appearance of the village made 1896 the bank constructed its third build• it attractive. Citrus fruits grew in every ing, on the site of the present skyscraper. THROVGH THE AGES

fl!5 Bfi as SS S5 ri BS

rhc First National E^nk of Tampa, Florida.

Tampans were very proud of this building, Tampa took rank among the important four stories high and of Georgia marble. cities of the nation. But Tampa gained fresh impetus soon The story of the last sixteen years is that after 1900. Plank sidewalks gave way to of the virtual rebuilding of the city. Few brick; sand and shell streets were replaced cities in any part of the world have ever by paving. For building purposes, brick experienced such a splendid development was now principally used. In a business as has Tampa since 1910 in becoming the way, the city also forged ahead, new firms metropolis of a great state and the com• locating here continually. The population mercial center of one of America's richest had reached nearly 16.000, almost trebling districts in agriculture, industry, and com• in ten years. On April 26, 1906, twenty merce. years to a day after a national charter had The new building, completed during the been granted to the First National Bank of summer of 1926, fronts 52 feet 10 inches on Tampa, its capital was increased from $50- Franklin Street, and 140 feet 10 inches on 000 to $400,000 by the addition of $350,000 Madison. In addition, there is an "ell" in from the earned surplus. the rear which is practically 50 feet square. By 1910 Tampa's population had in• The main entrance to the banking quarters creased to more than 37,000, the metamor• is on Franklin Street, but entrance is also phosis from town to city was complete, and gained from Madison Street through the

4] Interior of First National Bank at Tampa, looking from the rear of main lobby, at right angle into the "ell," showing the mezzanine. elevator corridor serving the offices. The From Franklin Street, one passes through a bank occupies the main and the two mez• bronze vestibule before reaching the main zanine floors, and part of the basement. banking space. The public lobby is 20 feet There are twelve full floors of offices. wide by about 100 feet deep. For the screen The general style of the entire building is work, and in fact for toilet partitions, for that of the Italian Renaissance. For the stair work and generally throughout the first two floors, the exterior is of limestone job, American Tavernelle was used. The with granite base; above, it is of a golden wainscoting in the safe deposit department colored tapestr\' brick, trimmed about the is of the same material. As explained by the windows with terra cotta. Color has been architects, Holmes and Winslow, of New used in places in the cornice. The building York, this marble was used not only be• is fireproof throughout, even the windows cause it is of reasonable cost but because it being of metal. has an extremely warm color. The entrance The banking room on the first floor is the lobby is of domestic Travertine. last word in appointments and equipment. The walls are of Travertine, and the

[5] THROVGH THE AGES ceiling is painted in dull gold and poly• stair from the main floor. The vault, which chrome effects to resemble the colorful, old- is about 15 by 32 feet, is closed by a circular wood ceilings of Italy. All of the lighting door of late design, weighing many tons, fixtures are of bronze and iron in polychrome yet easily operated. Ten coupon booths and to harmonize with the Italian feeling of the several committee rooms are provided. En• room. The floor is of Travertine with a mosaic trance to the silver storage vault is through border of imported marbles. Down the the safe deposit department. All the vaults center of the public space are bronze-and- are lined with torch and drill-proof steel, glass check desks, and several marble seats. and are protected by electric devices. In the basement are men's locker rooms and The banking screen is surmounted by a the boilers. The elevator machinery is in a bronze grille and cornice. Over the tellers' pent house on the roof. wickets are illuminated signs. Forward on the Franklin Street side are a room for ladies, The entrance to the offices is from the several conference rooms, and the presi• westerly end of Madison Street. The twelve dent's office. office floors are served by three high-speed The two mezzanine floors are located over elevators, reached through a marble-lined the "ell. " On the first mezzanine, over• and terrazzo-paved corridor. The ceiling of looking not only the banking room but the elevator lobby and vestibule is decorated Madison Street as well, is the directors' in quiet colors. room, reached by a marble and bronze stair• Every office on every floor is thoroughly way directly from the banking floor. All of lighted and ventilated, and a typical floor the bookkeeping is done on this floor, and a is arranged to have twenty offices, all of large book vault is provided. On the second large size. Each office is equipped with a mezzanine there is additional working space, lavatory with running hot and cold water, as well as the girls' locker and washrooms, and there is a drinking fountain with ice and a lunch room. water on each floor. The corridors are seven The safe deposit department is in the feet wide, and the floors throughout are of "ell" in the basement, reached by a marble terrazzo.

Savings Department, First Mational Bank, Tampa. 16] \ THROVGH THE AGES

THE CUNARD BUILDING

The Great Hall, on the First Floor, Reflects the Spirit of

the Roman Baths and Early Italian Villas

' I 'HE first structure of importance The plot of ground occupied by this office I erected in New York City after the building is located at the southern tip of ending of the World War was the 22- Manhattan Island, where the worlds of ship• story Cunard Building, designed by Benja• ping, finance and big business meet; it is min Wistar Morris. More than two years known officially as 25 Broadway. This south• were spent in the study of its problem and west corner at Morris Street is across from in the preparation of its plans, and as finally Bowling Green, and the building has a completed it represented the best possible Broadway frontage of over 200 feet. The architectural practice and was in all re• northerly front is recessed; the western end, spects worthy of the internationally known abutting on Trinity Place, is nearly 250 feet tenant whose name it now bears. in length, and faces on Greenwich Street.

[7] THROVGH THE AGES

The entrance at the east end of the Great Hall.

The Style of the exterior expresses in ap• office is generously lighted by street windows pearance the present day, its general type or windows giving on open courts much being an adaptation of the Italian Renais• wider than the average street in lower New sance. The interior plans show a generous York. arrangement of elevators, halls, stairways The main entrance is, naturally, on Broad• and toilets: the most outstanding feature way, and this leads into a long vestibule that of its arrangement, however, is that every is flanked on one side by the office building THRQVGH THE AGES

Office-building vestibule and elevator lobby.

lobby and on the other by a banking space. is a variety of Pink Tavernelle; the floor of Each of these areas has its own street this building entrance vestibule is of Roman entrance, and the former, which has its Travertine. Some twenty high-speed pas• walls of Cunard Pink marble, serves as the senger elevators operate in this southeast elevator lobby both for the portions of the angle of the building; another battery of building occupied by the Cunard Line and eight cars is placed in the Morris Street the rented spaces. The Cunard Pink marble side of the structure.

[9] THROVGH THE AGES

From the central vestibule on the Broad• Romana, and the Villa Madama, a grateful way side, with its Travertine walls and floor, tribute and acknow ledgment is here set down the latter with its inlay border of Black and since the Great Hall would never have been Gold marble, one passes through a monu• possible without them. Their influence per• mental doorway into the Great Hall, where vades the whole, subtle and intangible, like the eye and mind are at once impressed the smell of incense in an ancient shrine. with a sense of space and dignity that is "The north and south sides of the end most unusual in a room designed for the squares are extended, by means of elliptical transaction of business. All of the walls of niches, and are roofed by groined arch ceil• this hall and its connecting entrance lobby ings, while the octagon ceiling is a dome, are Roman Travertine up to the cornice: 65 feet in height, with penetrations. Here the floor is of the same material, with inlaid again, the floor, walls and counters are cut mosaic border consisting of Eastman simply done in Tra\ ertine, the rich color of Green, Y'ellow Siena, Red Verona, Black and the ceilings being brought down almost to Gold and Belgian Black. The centerpiece the level of the eye by Barry Faulkner's in the floor is in the design of a compass maps on the walls of the four niches. which is formed by the use of Yellow Siena "Surmounting the Travertine walls is a and Eastman Green for the pointers with cornice 35 feet from the floor, and above it the balance of the design composed of Black soar the intersecting curves and surfaces of and Gold, Yellow Siena, Red Verona and the ceiling, a stupendous orchestration of Belgian Black. An outer band surrounding color, line, and harmony by Ezra Winter. the compass is of Rouge Royal marble. Winter began with a preliminary and partial The plan of the immense room consists of contract, but he was soon made ruler over two squares, terminating the longitudinal many, and the entire ceiling was entrusted axis and separated from each other by a to his skill. His training as a prize winner at huge octagon: behind the splayed walls are the .American Academy in Rome equipped domed spaces, each 22 feet square, called him in a remarkable way for his great task, luminary squares, since each opens to the and the result is superb. The plaster ground outer air and transmits daylight into the is of English Keene's cement, and the color heart of the building. In addition the room is applied in the manner known as 'fresco a received quantities of light from vast arched secco,' that is, the pigments are pure earth windows on the north and south sides of colors (imported from Italy) mixed with old the central octagon and from the western slacked lime, milk and cheese, and water. window. Over the eastern doorway occurs This produces a permanent flat color, bril• another arch, filled with a grille and balcony liant or subdued, as desired, and without in iron by Samuel Yellin, from which the gloss and disturbing reflections. A film is room can be seen at the second and third ultimately formed, integral with the plaster floor level. ground, of carbonate of lime, and good or A very adequate description of this vast bad, is there 'for keeps.' Fortunately it is room is given by the architect, Benjamin good. Wistar Morris, in 'The Making of the Cu- "The pendentives of the dome are dec• nard Building," as follows: orated with magnificent compositions rep• 'To those masters of bygone days who resenting the voyages of Leif Ericsson, Se• produced the Baths of Caracalla, the Villa bastian Cabot, Christopher Columbus, and

10 THROVGH THE AGES — 1

The west end of the Great Hall in the Cunard Building. Benjamin Wistar Morris, New York, architect. Mantel of Levanto marble in the Board Room of the Cunard Building.

Mantel of Vert Corral marble in one of the private offices in the Cunard Building.

[11 THROVGH THE AGESn:@)^^

Ionic column screen of Tra\ ertinc in the Great Hall of the Cunard Building. Benjamin WistarMorri-^. architect.

Sir Francis Drake. Their daring craft rush of the poets—the sea. On the land masses on through foaming seas and under skies are the names of the countries, and flags or peopled with dolphins, turtles, flying-fish, coats-of-arms emphasize the boundaries. and birds. The Travertine used in this Great Hall "Still further aloft, in a maze of masterful is naturally conspicuous, but in the upper harmony, are other briny creatures, real or portions of the Cunard Building are con• fanciful—a Triton with his horn, a splendid siderable quantities of Cunard Pink and youth driving two white steeds with scarlet Botticino marble, and this material receives collars, a merman centaur and his love, and many favorable comments. The fifth floor sirens at their work." corridor, for example, has a Cunard Pink The maps mentioned by Mr. Morris are wainscot, and the corridors from the sixth four sea-charts upon the walls of the east to the twelfth floors ha\'e Botticino wainscot and west bays, and they stir the imagination and cap with Cunard Pink bases; above the and sound the call of the unknown to those twelfth floor the corridors are Botticino by dwelling in the clamor of great modern cities. itself. In addition, certain rooms contain They are essentially nautical, with no effort very handsome mantelpieces of marble, made to indicate mountain systems; the notably the Bond Room, where Levanto decorative figures and accessories are taken furnishes a rich note with its veining and almost solelv from that rich treasure-trove color.

13 THROVGH THE AGES

Lobby of Hurt Building. Atlanta, Georgia. Hugh Tallent, architect.

THE TIME ELEMENT A VITAL FACTOR IN THE COST OF MARBLE FINISH

OT so many years ago it was the while the clothes may last a year or two the custom in the building business to marble never wears out. But this old- N wait until a building was ready to fashioned time-consuming method, with its receive its interior marble, then measure it, loss of rentals and piling up of interest and then make its "marble clothes" to fit. charges, was giving to the marble installa• This method involved traveling expenses tion a reputation for costliness that it did and considerable expenditure of time on the not actually deserve. Unfortunately, this part of the best-paid employees of the mar• old custom has not yet been wholly aban• ble manufacturer. It required from two to doned. It is often followed by those who three months after the building was ready should know better, even though such prac• before a real start could be made on in• tice is gradually dying out. stalling the marble. In important operations, at least, it is not Now the cost per square foot of polished unusual to construct the building to pre• marble wainscot is actually less than you determined measurements with an accuracy pay per square foot for a suit of clothes; and which permits the marble to be manufac- THROVGH THE AGES tured in accordance with the same measure• realizes in a practical way that a sixteenth ments, so that the structure is made to fit of an inch can be subdivided. its prospective suit of clothes. The method of predetermined dimensions It even happens frequently that much of requires more attention to the layout of the the marble is finished and ready to ship be• building, but it does not add to the cost. It fore the foundations are completed. If it results in a checking of the shop drawings were not for this change in method, it would for all materials that join the marble, with not be possible to finish any large building an accuracy not heretofore considered neces• within three or four months of the time sary. Errors are often discovered and costly actually required; even a fairly small build• mistakes avoided. ing would suffer some weeks of delay. The increased use of the method was the The architect usually requires A inch direct result, especially in the case of large joints, which means a tolerance of about buildings, of the preponderating value of Fi inch in the dimensions of any one piece of the time element. marble, and the working out of the dimen• It is equally applicable to smaller enter• sions in the shop drawings to within -h inch. prises and to all other types of finish as well The marble setter comes rather close to as marble. If universally applied, it would being the only mechanic in the building who very materially diminish the cost of building.

Lobby of the Insurance Company of North America Building, Philadelphia. Stewardson and Page, architects.

• 5] THROVGH THE AGES

A CENTURY OF PROGRESS

The Fanners National Bank of Reading, Pa., Occupies its New Building

T is significant that those financial insti• its use, one naturally comes to associate tutions which, beginning their existence with marble the idea of wealth, permanence I in small, unpretentious and often unat• and solidity. tractive buildings, and which afterwards The astute bank official knows that the grew and prospered, can now almost invari• public sees in the marble wainscot of his ably be found occupying quarters that con• banking room the outward evidence of the tain considerable quantities of marble. It integrity of his organization; he knows that, is a tribute to the present-day appeal of a as his depositors walk upon his marble floors material that, from long centuries ago, has and transact their business over his marble been recognized as the most beautiful and counters, they are inevitably impressed with impressive of all building stones. the intense respectability of the whole scene, Buildings for financial institutions, of and that they depart confident that they course, are not by any means the only types have made a wise selection in choosing this of structures in which marble plays an im• particular bank as a depository for their portant part; but because distinctive bank funds. interiors are nowadays almost universally The Farmers National Bank at Reading, dependent for their beauty and dignity upon Pennsylvania, is an interesting example of

i6 THROVGH THE AGES

this general tendency towards the use of least prominent of whom was George Wash• marble. It was organized in i814, before the ington, who as President spent the night of telegraph and telephone were known, before October i, 1794, under its roof, while on his the passenger railroad was an actuality, and way to suppress the famous "Whiskey In• before the sewing machine was even dreamed surrection" in the West. of. The young Republic was then only This tavern was purchased by the group thirty-eight years old, with James Madison of men who had undertaken the organiza• in the presidential chair, and Abraham tion of the Farmers Bank. There were in Lincoln an unknown boy of but five years. 1814 less than fifty banks in the eighteen Reading was a village of 4,000; the Court states that then comprised the Union. It House stood in the center of a square just was the year that Stephenson invented the west of a section occupied by low, rambling locomotive, but it was also the year that the market sheds. Not far from the Court White House in Washington was burned by House stood the oldest building in Reading, the British and MacDonough effected his the Federal Inn, built in 1763 by Adam victory on Lake Champlain. It took real Witman as a tavern. The center of social courage to found a bank in such parlous life in the village in Revolutionary days, it times, but the founders builded well and had sheltered many notable guests, not the the institution weathered panics, wars and

Main banking room. Farmers National Bank Reading. Pennsylvania. Alfred C. Bossom, New York, architect.

[17 THROVGH THE AGES

The mezzanine floor treatment at the rear of the main hanking room, Farmers National Bcink. economic upheavels of varying proportions. history of service. The plans for the build• The building was remodeled several times ing were prepared by Alfred C. Bossom, of to meet the growing needs; numerous addi• New York, who adopted for the exterior a tions and alterations failed, however, to pro- style of architecture that is classical, with a \ ide the accommodation that the bank re• free rendering of detail. This exterior is quired, and it was finally realized that senti• mostly carried out in granite. Ionic columns ment had to give way to necessity, and the figure prominently in the fagade, the shafts doom of the faithful old building was sealed. at the main entrance being of an unusual Today, in its familiar location is a struc• size. Carving in bas-relief appears over the ture that is indeed worthy of sheltering an main doorway, depicting two couchant lions, institution with such a long and successful strongly reminiscent of the corner entrance

[i8] THROVGH THE AGES of the old bank with its stone images of three the marbles that have been so happily such beasts. As a companion motif, a huge chosen. There is a beauty, a stateliness, yet block of Tennessee marble on the front wall withal a warmth and friendliness about it above the free-standing columns is carved that banish all suggestion of coldness or in panel form to represent "The Provident austerity—so much so that as one passes and the Improvident Man," after a model through the inviting bronze doors, he is at by Robert Aitkin, famous American sculptor. once struck by the bright cheerfulness of the For the interior, the Italian Renaissance main banking room. At the far end of the style of architecture has been used. This chamber appears a mezzanine balustrade, style has a peculiar fitness for the purpose it above which are three round-headed arches, serves here, especially when carried out in carried on square piers.

The front of the banking room at the mezzanine level. Many different kinds of marble are shown here.

19 THROVGH THE AGES

A similar treatment is given to the front for discs, pilasters and panel are mostly im• of the banking room. Most of the wall sur• ported, consisting of Red Verona, Numidian face of these portions is of Crazannes Anteor, Cipollino and Fleurde Peche; however, one a French stone of great beauty, which is also .American marble. Easton or Royal Jersey used for the upper walls around the sides of Green, from Pennsylvania, is included in the room beginning at a height of nine feet. the list. There are slabs of marble of different colors The arches of the balconies are continued and veinings, forming pilasters, set into the in the design of the walls, which are rusticated piers of the mezzanine archways, and in ashlar of Tavernelle Claire marble up to addition, discs of contrasting marbles are about a height of nine feet. The base of placed in the spandrels, above the arches; these walls is of York Fossil. The moulded and a marble panel in the balustrade be• course of Crazannes .Anteor, as previous!>' neath the arch at the front serves to balance mentioned, begins at this point and extends an ornamental clock in a similar position at to the cornice, a height of about 19 feet. the rear balustrade. The marbles employed Each of these nineteen graceful wall arches

Front stairway leading to the basement, showing rusticated ashlar of Tavernelle Claire marble.

[20] THROVGH THE AGES

Tlie treads and risers of the basement stairs are of Pink Tennessee marble; the wall bases are York Fossil. will eventually contain a mural oil painting, light by day, softly diffused by the trans• representing the various stages of industry, lucent surface of the vari-toned marbles so commerce and agriculture. lavishly employed; and as the day fades into The floor is of Pink Tennessee, with a night the pervading radiance is continued border of York Fossil. Supporting the ceil• by the many electric bulbs so cleverly dis• ing are square columns sheathed in Yellow tributed that scarcely a shadow dares to mar Kasota stone, their lower portions con• the uniformity of the illumination. nected by the bank screen that completely In the center of the public space are check encloses the three sides of this public space. desks and, near the front, a stairway that The screen is of Rosatto, with a base of York leads to the safe deposit department below. Fossil, and behind this rich expanse of gleam• The President's room, easily accessible to ing marble are the tellers and various func• the public, is paneled from floor to ceiling in tionaries of the bank. The central skylight American walnut; to the left of the main en• overhead floods the room with cheerful trance is a reception hall, finished in marble,

[21] THROVGH THE AGES \mL^

with a well-designed stairway leading to the of York Fossil. The treads and risers of the directors" quarters on the front mezzanine. stairs, as well as the hall floors, are of Pink One of the most striking features of this Tennessee marble. The basement floor is of chamber is the marble fireplace, in the form this same material, with a base of York of a semi-circle, that fills one angle of the Fossil. The base and floor of the vault itself, room, with its overmantel oddly shaped like however, instead of the York Fossil, is Pink a segment of a cone, and with a restraint of Tennessee. decoration that gives it an extra charm. The usual provisions for the comfort of Crazannes Anteor stone was selected as the the patrons, the safety of their valuables and material for this fireplace; and the floor of the expedition of financial transactions, have the room, composed of terrazzo. has a wide been carefully worked out and are readily ap• pattern border of marble mosaic consisting parent to the visitor; but it is the intelligent of Red Levanto and Botticino marble. and—in some respects—unusual combina• Both the front and rear stairways leading tions of marbles that most impress him. and to the basement, as well as the halls. ha\-e leave him with a sense of costliness not alto• walls of rusticated ashlar of Tavernelle gether Justified by the actual expense of the Claire marble up to the cornice, with bases installation. 1

The unique fireplace in the Directors" Room of the Farmers National Bank, Reading, Pennsyhania

22 i THROVGH THE AGES liP^

One of the Everyday Uses of Marble

JCOR those portions of a building that bear the brunt of daily contact with the scraping feet and careless hands of that critical public throng found in any American city, marble is at once the most beautiful, the most practical and the j?iost economical material that it is possible to secure.

Jhere is No Subsiiiuie forMariU

[23] !R^^|THROVGH THE AGES

FRENCH RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE

The Style of Louis XV PART II

^ I ^HE various types of decoration dis- story building, especially in suburban sec- I cussed in our last issue were not the tions, became popular for residential pur- only points of difference between the poses, style of Louis XV and that of the pre- A large part of the building activity of ceding period, though they were the most the first half of the eighteenth century was important. Other changes are evident in in and about Paris. During the Orleans the improvements in the distribution of the Regency the palace of Versailles was tem- rooms and in the additional arrangements porarily abandoned as the seat of govern- for light, ventilation and sanitation. The ment was removed to the metropolis, which shape of the rooms, as well as the shape of became immediately the center of the social the inner courts, was modified, and the single and political life of France. A large number Illustrations courtesy Mr. Thomas Machen, architect, Baltimore

[Ml THROVGH THE AGES of private homes sprang up in the western Hotel le Gendre D'Armini, on a narrow site, section and these furnish us with excellent had the re-entering angles of the court cut examples of the tendencies of the era. In off in order to secure additional window- most of these Parisian houses, the court is room. The exteriors of many of these resi• rounded at the street end, and in many of dences had the angles softened by what was them it is entirely circular or oval. Even in equivalent to the English bay window, or those cases where it is angular, the sides are projections occasioned by the geometrical frequently canted, and the area is given a form of the rooms within. Thus in the Hotel polygonal shape. Thus we see in the Hotel Moras, the garden front contained at each d' Amelot a full oval, with rooms very skill• corner a room shaped halfway between a fully arranged to give the appearance of circle and an oval ;and in the Hotel Matignon regularity, and yet which are actually of there is an elliptical vestibule, and the such varied shapes as to cause astonishment garden front shows the projection of the that they could be grouped together with• octagonal drawing-room in its center. Stone out the necessity of concealed spaces. The vases were used on balustrades, and key-

Part of the Grand Oval Salon de Rohan, in the H6tel de Soubise. Paris.

25] THROVGH THE AGES stones of windows were gi\'en a decoration in the house by Meisonnier on the He St. of trailing foliage. Grilles across the lower Louis, placed on a small four-sided site portions of windows became common; pilas• nearly square. ters, reinforced at certain projections by The type of house exemplified by the free-standing columns, were most frequently Palais Bourbon, but made fashionable b>' of the Corinthian order. the Trianon, had a wide vogue. This was The internal angles of the rooms were the flat-roofed single-story countr\- home rounded off and stairs were often given a of some pretension, the roof concealed be• gentle sweep or a sinuous curve. In many hind a balustrade. .At Bourbon, built by instances, the designers were not content Girardini and L'.Assurance about 1722 to to stop with the orthodox ovals, hexagons 1725, there was a four-court entered be• or octagons, but planned the rooms in such tween two-storied pavilions connected by a peculiar geometrical designs, that it was cur\ ed screen, behind which was a court of necessary to have the windows in recesses honor, the upper part of which was formed and the walls of varying thickness. A glar• by the three wings of the main building. ing example of this rococo school is found Over the central bay of the north elex ation

Ceiling decoration in the de Rohan .Salon of the Hotel de Soubisc, Paris. [26 THROVGH THE AGESn>]i^.c^

Mantelpiece in the saloon of the Ministere des Travaux Publics, Paris. of the house the entablature was formed Most of the country houses, even those into a high curved pediment with a group chateaux and villas of several stories based of sculpture at the apex. Other groups of upon the Palladian Villa Rotondo, were of sculptured figures, vases and cartouches the greatest sobriety of design. The fully surmounted the balustrade and windows, enclosed court was disappearing, though and the wall-surfaces had ornate panels, the Chateau of Bagnolet contained such a s\-mmetrically and effectively arranged. treatment. The screen here was represented Within the mansion were curved and by a colonnade loggia with a terrace above elliptical rooms, subdivided so as to provide it. In the villa near Geneva designed by easy intercommunication and all on one Blondel is an example of an interior hall- floor; French windows in all the main rooms plan that enjoyed some popularity. A small opened on to a terrace a few feet above the central ellipse was carried up through base• garden. The servants' rooms were, of course, ment and ground floor and expanded on the in the basement, and all outbuildings were first floor to form a gallery that gave access of low height. to the bedrooms. An eight-sided lantern on

27] THROVGH THE AGES

Detail of doorway and decoration in the saloon of the Ministere des Travaux Publics, Paris. the roof marked its presence below, and af• riere. The Palace has three orders of archi• forded an abundance of light to the inside tecture and its portico is really a continua• of the house. tion of the semi-circular colonnade that Before touching in our next issue upon forms the screen around the Place du Gouv- the ecclesiastical works of the period, it is ernement. .At the south end of the Car- important to note the work of Here at riere is a Triumphal Arch and just beyond Nancy and the public monuments and city is a bridge across the town moat, between improvements throughout the empire. The two blocks of low buildings. This bridge unique charm of the Place de L'Hemicycle leads in turn into the Place Stanislaus, was due in no small measure to the quiet adorned by a statue of Louis XV. The architecture of the Governor's Palace and Hotel de Ville is on one side of the Place the colonnade at the end of the long Car- and other Hotels are seen flanking it. These

[28] THROVGH THE AGES buildings have a rusticated arcaded ground were erected in considerable numbers, as floor and, above, an order of Corinthian were triumphal arches of great merit. The pilasters embracing round-headed first-floor improvements at Bordeaux, Nantes and and segmental second-floor windows, carry• Toulouse were projects of great magnitude ing a balustrade and vases of fantastic and excellently carried out. The Town Hall design. The favorite device of Here, a clock at Toulouse, in particular, was given a ma• turret composed of scrolls, crowns the cen• jestic fagade that reproduced the Louvre tral pediment of the long fagade of the Hotel motif, but in a pilastered instead of a col• de Ville. umnar architecture, the order being Ionic. Many new town-planning schemes were The three projections are deeper and brick begun, and some finished: in a majority of was used in alternate courses in the lower these, the "Place Royale" and the statue of story and as walling in the upper, giving a "Le Roi" formed the chief components. local color; but the delicate detail of the Fountains, such as that of the Grosse Hor- Louvre is lacking, and the whole treatment loge at Rouen and the Vertbois at Paris, is too emphatic in spirit.

Facade of the Hotel de Ville at .•\bbcville. .'\dditions to this structure were made in 1747 by the famous architect, J. H. Mansart. THROVGH THE AGES

OF INTEREST TO THE ARCHITECT

N the opposite page is reproduced Hygiene in School Buildings. one of a series of advertisements Impressing the Hotel Guest. O appearing in the May issue of a num• ber of monthly publications throughout the Maintaining Sanitation in Hospitals. country. Marble Within the Church. Illustrated in this advertisement are First Impressions on the Theater Goer. eighteen folders, all of them pertaining to the use of marble, but each treating of some Marble for Store Interiors. specific adaptation. It was not intended Giving Distinction to the Apartment that these little printments should treat the House. subject exhaustively; they bring out, rather, the essential possibilities of marble, and evi• Marble in Library Buildings. dence its many practical and economical \1arble in Lunch Rooms. uses. All of the folders are illustrated, and the The Superiority of the Marble Floor. pictures, made from actual photographs of The Bathroom Comes Into Its Own. marble installations, constitute a most valu• Giving the Kitchen Its Due. able addition to the architect's pictorial .Marble in the Garden. collection. In addition to the eighteen folders shown The Economy of Marble Store Fronts. in the reprint, a nineteenth, "Marble Man• Marble Mantelpieces. telpieces," has been prepared and is now ready for distribution. The full list is as We will gladly send you one, or all, of follows: these folders upon request. .Address your communication to the Marble's Place in the Home. Distinctive Bank Interiors. NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF \Iarble in Office Buildings. MARBLE DEALERS Better Lavatories are of Marble. 648 Rockefeller Building, Cleveland, Ohio

Band course around wall in Great Hall of Gunard Building.

[30] ^1 THROVGH THE AGES

The folders illustrated tell about the many prac• tical advantages and economies of marble for specific uses suggested by the titles. They are available to you for the asking—without cost or obligation, of course.

If'rile today, to Department D-/2,for the folders in which you are interested.

hi- of rL- EVERYDAf VstS of MMIUI.

mJjw.-tiTi,M}mi

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION of MARBLE DEALERS ROCKEFELLER BUILDING • CLEVELAND • OHIO

(Jhere is No Subsiiiuie io

This is one of a series of advertisements appearing in the current issues of Atlantic Monthly. World's Work, Scribners, Review of Reviews, Harpers. House and Garden. Hospital Management, Buildings and Building Management, American Bankers Association Journal, American Sch(K)| Board Journal and American City.

31] THROVGH THE AGES

EX'GOVERNOR EDWARDS' BANK

The First National of Jersey City, NJ., Makes Extensive Use of Black and Gold Marble

'DWARD Irving Edwards, sometime from floor to ceiling with the Portor marble, ' Governor of New Jersey, and a candi• above mentioned, its golden veins standing E date for the Presidential Nomination out in effective contrast against the deep at the Democratic Convention in San I'ran- black. Even the cornices are composed of cisco in 1920, is one of the picturesque figures it, as are also the wall bases. On the other in his home state. He has held a number of hand, the floor is a checkerboard pattern of important public offices, but even during the large black and white squares of Second term of his incumbency as the head of the Statuary marble, with borders of white State Government he continued to devote around the edges separated from the main a share of his time to the affairs of the First body of the floor by a narrow band of geo• National Bank of Jersey City, of which he metrical design. The vestibule is entirely was President. different in its use of marble and in its gen• The ten-story buikiing at Hudson and eral arrangement from anything that has York Streets is interesting in other ways, been attempted in this part of the country. however, than merely because it is the home The elevator doors are in the simplest silver of the ex-Governor s bank. The structure, bronze; anyone using these elevators can desinged by Alfred C. Bossom, of New York, see directly into the main banking room. A is actually nearer to the heart of Wall Street bas-relief has been set in one wall of the by the Hudson River tubes than 95 per cent vestibule, erected in honor of E. F. C. of the banks located in New York City. As Young, a former president of the institution. New Jersey has very advantageous laws, To enter the banking room itself one there has been provided a special room with passes through a white metal screen based safe deposit accommodations in which New upon the treatment used in the Capilla de York corporations can hold their meetings los Caballeros in Cuenca Cathedral, Spain. in the bank with even greater privacy and Just inside the room are handsome Ionic convenience than they would have in their columns of Black and Gold marble, and own offices. stretching around the three sides of the en• Another feature of even greater interest tire space are bank screens of the same ma• to the visitor is the display of Black and terial. The upper parts of the screens are Gold marble in certain portions of the in• of light bronze, strong enough for all pur• terior of the building, a colorful and lively poses, but at the same time light enough treatment that is in no wise indicated by the not to obstruct the clear vision of e\'ery rather chaste exterior. The first place in employee in the bank. Just ahead, in the which the stranger is introduced to this rich foreground of the public space, is the balus• material is in the vestibule to the bank, en• trade, around the opening to the stairway tered from the level of Exchange Place that leads clown to the safe deposit vaults through a pair of handsome bronze revolv• and the storage departments. This balus• ing doors. The vestibule walls are sheathed trade, too, is of Black and Gold; the steps

32 THROVGH THE AGESl^:^

The entrance vestibule of the First National Bank at Jersey City, New Jersey, is wainscoted the full height of the room with Black and Gold marble. The architect was Alfred C. Bossom, of New York.

33] THROVGH THE AGES and risers, as well as the side walls of the posit vault. Here again Black and Gold stairway, are of Travertine. The floor of the marble was used, a part of the walls in the banking room is also of Travertine, but the vestibule to the great circular vault being piers and the walls are built to their full wainscot with it. The floors in the basement height of stone. This room is approximately generally are of Travertine, with walls of I GO feet long by 80 feet wide; in addition, stone as in the main banking room above. the offices over the bank's own quarters are The employees of the bank have not been so laid out that should it become necessary overlooked, and in addition to the various in the future to secure added space for the forms of protection and warnings in the way bank's affairs, or make any changes, it can of calls and gongs for their use in the event be readily done without any difficulty. of a hold-up, or in times of danger, their A large sized space for offices, twelve comfort has been catered to in a most gener• cages for tellers and a private room for the ous manner. Dining-rooms, rest rooms and president, are on the main floor; the direc• recreation rooms are provided for both tors' room is arranged on the front mez• sexes. zanine, reached by elevator and private In the office portion of the building, the stairs. corridors throughout have floors of Ten• The main safe dejX)sit department in the nessee marble, and the same material has basement is approximately 24 by 60 feet, been used for the floors as well as the stalls and divided into two sections, one for the of the sanitary lavatories effectively placed bullion vault and the other for the safe de• on each floor.

Main banking room, First National Bank, Jersey City, New jersey.

[34 THROVGH THE AGES

LAVATORIES IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS

Considerably More Attention is Given Nowadays to Their Appearance and Location

PLACE in the sun" is awarded the the reception hall. It is placed in a portion building lavatory these days. As most of the plan where it is most accessible to the A^ everyone remembers, it was once the majority of the tenants. It is amply venti• after-thought in the building plan; it was lated and lighted; it is clean looking; and it made of indifferent materials, chosen with is most usually built of marble. no apparent regard for their suitability for There are many reasons why marble specific lavatory conditions. Dingy, dirty should be selected for this important area, and damp, it was often a mean little room now that expert attention is given to its re• tucked away in the least desirable place in quirements, but it is largely because of the the structure. two main factors that are considered in Now the lavatory is in the architect's fore• planning the modern lavatory, that marble thought as conspicuously as the entrance or has become a first choice. These factors

[351 THROVGH THE AGES are: First, the soundness and the durability tenance does not affect the material. More• of the materials used must be self-evident. over, such cleaning, with marble, is simple, Second, special attention must be given requiring only systematic applications of lavatory materials for their reaction to con• warm water. tinuous moisture, cleaning and scouring. Marble is impervious, does not readily It is because marble immediately and stain and is a germ-resistant. It has, too, a satisfactorily answers both of these require• light-reflective value that makes it ideal ments that the builder prefers to specify it. where the problem is the illumination of Marble can readily be secured in sound dark rooms. slabs of practical sizes. It is non-abrasive— The cost of marble is low; when its other a feature that renders it particularly useful qualities are also considered, it is actualK' for flooring or for toilet stalls; the constant the most economical of all materials for cleaning necessary for perfect toilet main• lavatory work. EonoKSNoTE. The National Association of Marble Dealers has recen^ issued a little older. Belter ^-^"^ «^ Marble^ which gives some of the reasons why marble is the most economical ol all materials for Jhor finishes. A copy oj th,s Will be ,enl you upon request. Write to Department D-12, 648 Rockefeller Building. Cleveland, Ohio.

A typical toilet room in the Hurt Building at Atlanta, Georgia. Hugh Tallent, architect.

[36] THROVGH THE AGES

A LIST OF THE WORLD'S MARBLES J- ]• MCCLYMONT

Note—In a past issue, Mr. McClymont proposed, for the sake of convenience, to divide the different marbles into four groups. These arbitrary groupings were as follows:

GROUP A — Any marble or GROUP B — Any marble or GROUP C — Any marble or GROUP D—All marble, stone stone st)ld to the trade in fair- stone sold to the trade in slabs stone that cannot be sold as and so-called serpentine mar• sized slabs or blocks of com• or blocks of fair or medium sound but contains a mini• bles, and Onyx, which, by mercial size, rectangular shape size, generally rectangular mum amount of natural de• their peculiar formation are and guaranteed by the sel er shape, guaranteed to be .sound fects, such as dry seams, old known to be fragile, such as to be sound, free from natural and free from natural defects, fractures, partially or com• Breccias and nearly all highly defects, that can be finished the finishing of which, be• pletely healed surface \'Oids, colored marbles and serpen• at a minimum cost, and sold cause of texture, the size of etc., to be treated by the tines, and that are sold to the to the consumer as sound slabs, the shape and size of manufacturer in the most ap• trade in irregular shaped marble. blocks, is somewhat more ex• proved manner, reinforced blocks or slabs without a pensive than those in Group A. where necessary by liners on guarantee as to their sound• back or metal inlays and sold ness, treated by the manu• to the consumer as semi- facturer in the most approved sound marble. manner, reinforced where nec• essary by liners on back or metal inlays and sold to the consumer as unsound marble.

Taormina Marbles Tartaruga Brunastro — Oblique parallel According to Blagrove these marbles are veins in three shades of brown. quarried in the vicinity of Taormina, Tartaruga Fiorito—Finely lichened violet, Tuscany, Italy, and are generally red brown or white on yellow or lilac. with black spots, red with spots of darker Tartaruga Giallastro — Yellowish brown red, and white, and red with black and veined and lichened with violet and white spots. grayish red. Tapestry Green—Group B. Tartaruga Giallo E Rosso — Veins of Quarried at West Rutland, Vermont. brownish yellow and mottled pinkish Pure white alternating more or less ir• brown. regularly with green bands and clouds. Tartaruga Listato — Minutely striated Takes fair polish. yellowish brown and purple with streaks Tarbes Quarries of faint brown lichen. The so-called Tarbes Quarries are near Tartaruga Pallido—Pale tortoise shell. the small town of Tournay about ten Tartaruga Pallido Occhiuto — Similar, miles east of Tarbes. with small eyes. See Poudingue de Tournay. Tartaruga Rigat—Tortoise shell, in par• Tarragona (Prov.) allel lines. See Tortosa Brocatello. Tartaruga Rosso — Tortoise shell, with red tinge. Tartaruga Alabastros Pullen gives the following list, with de• Tarteing scriptions of ancient alabasters, of un• Quarried near Tareing, Ariege, France. known origin: Brownish red, mottled and streaked with

[37] THROVGH THE AGES

dark green, and traversed by a few white Laconia, Greece, now called Pentedakty- calcite veins. (Blagrove.) lon. Green Porphyry from this mountain range was called Lapis Taygetus and Tasio Taygetum. See Green Por|:^hyry.

Same as Marmor Thasium. Tazoul Quarried near Oran, .Algeria. Tate Deep rich red, sometimes with white \'eins. The principal quarries producing Georgia Tazout is found in small blocks onl\', but marbles are located at or near Tate, is not being produced at present. Pickens County, Georgia. Taubenblau Techuacan Onyx See Gray Kunzendorfer. See Antigua Salines La Mesa Tauris (Onyx) La Sopresa Quarried near Tauris, Susiane, Persia. Greenish white. (Merrill.) Tecoli Onyx Taveau See Mexican Onyx. Taveau Quarries in Nievre, France. Tecoluco Quarry Black mingled with slate blue. This quarry formerly produced Mexican For other marbles quarried here see (Bla• Onyx, but is not now in use. grove) : Cannelle Tegern Lake Quarries Cevelas The following are extracts from John Nivernais Watson's, "British and Foreign Marbles and Other Ornamental Stones": Tavernelle (I.M.V.) See Chiampo. Tegernee—Quarried near the lake of Te• gern, upper Bavaria. Tavernelle Clair Tegernsee Blue and Gray—Delicate dove See Chiampo. and light gray alternating patches with Tavernelle Fleuri white veins. See Chiampo. Tegernsee Dark Red—Brownish red, with a few white veins, and numerous thread• Taivman M ines like dark brown markings. See Burmese White Jade Tegernsee Light Red—Light fawn color Emerald-Green Jade with white veins and dark brown mark• Taygelum ings. Same as Green Porphyry. Tekbalel Quarries Taygetus At Tekbalet, 26 kilometers north, 21 de• This was the ancient name of the eastern grees east from Tlemcen. chain of mountains which run north and This quarry produces an onyx of diverse south and form the eastern boundary of hues.

38 THROVGH THE AGES mts?^

Templelon Knox County Quarried at Temple ton, Pembrokeshire, Cedar Bluff Marble Co. England. Consolidated Marble Co. Black with white outlines of fossils. Gray Knox Marble Co. (Blagrove.) Thrasher Marble Co. Gray Eagle Marble Co. Tennessee Black or Black and White. Holston Marble Co. This marble is found in a number of Knoxville Marble Co. counties of eastern Tennessee, but it has Ross Rej^ublic Marble Co. not been quarried to any extent. Tennessee Producers Marble Co. Union County Marble Co. Tennessee Dark Chocolate See Dark Chocolate Tennessee. The marbles of Tennessee can be roughly classified in six more or less distinct Tennessee Friendsville Pink groups: See Friendsville Pink. No. I—The creains or monotones. Tennessee Hawkins County See American Tavernelle, Arancio, Golden See Hawkins County. Vein Tavernelle Pink, Ross Golden Vein Gray, Ross Tavernelle Gray, Rouge Gray. Tennessee Imperial Pink No. 2—Dark Chocolate. See Imperial Pink. See Dark Cedar, Dark Chocolate, Dark Tennessee McMullen Gray Ross Republic, Ross Dark Cedar. See McMullen Gray. No. 3—Dark Pink. See Bond Pink, Diamond C Pink, French Tennessee Marble Pink, F^'riendsville Pink, Knox Pink, Rose Tennessee marble is often said to be taken Pink, E^otary Pink. from boulders and that it is not found in solid beds. This impression is a natural No. 4—Gray. one from the outcroppings as well as from See Appalachian Champion Gray, Appa• the boulder-like knobs left by the rushing lachian Gray, Consolidated Silver Gray, waters of past ages. The deposit, how• Gray Eagle Gray, Gray Knox Gray, ever, is very thick and far from being a McMullen Gray, Peerless Gray, Ross boulder proposition. All of the Tennessee Gray, Special Gray. quarries are tilted and the overburden of No. 5—Light Pink. debris increases with the depth of the See Appalachian Pink, Champion Pink. quarry, hence many of the old quarries F. A. Gray, Gray Knox Pink. Peerless were abandoned after the outcropping Pink, Ross Pink, Victoria Pink, Asbury knobs were removed. Pink. The quarries of operating companies of No. 6—Variegated. which we have a record are as follows: See Appalachian Roseal, Hawkins, Roseal. Blount County For further details of Tennessee marbles j. J. Craig Company see Marbles of Tennessee by Chas. H. Light Pink Marble Co. Gordon, Tennessee State Geological Sur• Tennessee Producers Marble Co. vey.

[39 THROVGH THE AGES

Tennessee Ser(Dentine Texas, Maryland A deposit of green marble is reported from Close to the village of Texas, near Balti• Union County, Tennessee. more, Maryland, is found a coarse crystal• line limestone which was at one time used Tenos as marble, but the output is now gener• See Tinos. ally, if not entirely used for lime.

Tens in Thasos Quarried at Tensin, Dauphine, France. See Marmo Greco Giallognolo. Clear gray with spots of cloudy rose and This marble is the same as Marmor chocolate brown. (Blagrove.) Thasium.

Tepene Onyx Thebaic Stone Same as Mexican Onyx. Same as Lapis Thebaicus.

TelDeyac Thebaid or Theban Stone. One of the abandoned Mexican onyx Some writers claim this stone is another quarries. name for Red Porphyry (Egyptian) and others that is the same as Egyptian gran• Terracina ite, while still others say it is identical According to Merrill an onyx is found at with Lapis Thebaicus. Terracina, Province of Rome.

Thebes Onyx Terran Same as Syout or Egyptian Onyx. The Skye marbles of various shades and texture are found between Broadforci and Terran on the Island of Skye. Inverness- Thessaly shire, Scotland. See Verde .Antico.

Tele du Blellon Theux Breche Swiss Cipollino is quarried close to the Quarried near Theux, Liege, Belgium. base of Tete du Bletton, a mountain of Deep gray blended in varied shades, con• the upper .^Ips. taining black spots. (Blagrove.) Writers of ancient marbles mention a black stone from Theux near Spa of Texas Marble w hich we have no record, and it is possible See San Saba. they refer to Theux Breche. According to information furnished by the Texas Chamber of Commerce black marble is found at Jordan's Quarry in Tholonet Brewster County, south of Paisano Pass. See Breche d"Alet. Other deposits are found at Marble Falls, Flat Rock Creek, two miles above its Thomar junction with the Colorado River. See Payalvo.

40 Thomaston Marble Tiburtino Quarried at Thomaston, Maine. See Travertine. Grayish clouded.

Tigrata Lavagna Than See Lavagna Tivrata. Quarried at Thon, Belgium. Reddish blended with black and a few white spots. (Blagrove.) Tigrato Quarried near the banks of the Arno, Three Castles Quarries Italy. See Gray Fossil. Yellow with black spots. (Blagrove.) According to Brindley this was the Roman Throndjems, Norway name for Egyptian Onyx. North of this place near Fauskeidet and Seljeli is located the largest or best known Ting Tak Quarries Norwegian quarry. See Chinese White. See Ankerske, in Supplementary List.

Thulite Tinos or Tenos or Verte Tinos. A red manganese epidote. Quarried at Tinos, on the Island of Tinos, southwest of Greece. Thulite-Stone Dark green, with veins of light green. This is a rock in which thulite is the es• sential constituent. Tinos No. j—Group C. Found in Hinderheim, Norway. Quarried at Tinos, on the Island of Tinos, Rose red. Greek Archipelago. Blocks of uniform color are uncommon, Dark green background with light green and the material is hard to polish, and for and white markings. those reasons is not used extensively. Takes high polish.

Thurman Serpentine Tinos No. 4—Group C. Quarried near Thurman, Warren County, Quarried at Tinos, on the Island of Tinos, New York. Greek Archipelago. According to Merrill this stone, as shown Dark green and reddish background mot• by samples in the National Museum, is tled. composed of about equal snow-white cal- Takes high polish. cite and light yellowish-green serpentine in flecks and patches from one-sixteenth to one-fourth of an inch in diameter. Tipo Skyros See Breche Opal. Tiber Stone See Travertine. Tipperary Quarried at Tipperary, Ireland. Tibur (Modern Tivoli). Fine purple color. (Blagrove.)

[41] THROVGH THE AGES

Tiree Marble Tortosa Brocatello Quarried on the Hill of Belephetrich on See Brocatello. the Isle of Tiree, one of the Hebrides. Also known as Spanish Brocatello, Broca- Pale blood red, light flesh red and reddish telle d'Espagne, Lumachella. To the Ro• white with s[.x)ts of dark green. (Blagrove.) mans it was known as Marmor Schiston. Quarried near Tortosa, Tarragona Pro• Tisbury Stone vince, Spain. Deep red, almost covered Same as Chi I mark. with small fossils of yellow, gray and white color. This quarry was worked extensively in Tlemceu (Onyx) See Ain Tekbalet. ancient times and is still producing.

Toeloeng Agoeng District Totterhoe Stone See Java Marbles, Onyx. See Chalk.

Tokeen—Group A. Tokeen, Quarries, Marble Island, Alaska. Touch Stone White, bluish-black veins and clouds. Fine See Lapis Lydium. and crystalline. According to Watson, Noir Beige is fre• Takes a good polish. quently used by English goldsmiths for testing the quality of precious metals and Tonni for that reason is sometimes called Touch Quarried near Tonni, Tuscany, Italy. Stone in England. Variegated yellow, violet and white. (Blagrove.) Toulon Quarries Toongabbie See Jaspe du Var. Toongabbie, Tangil County, Gippsland, Victoria, Australia. Tournai Marbles Gray containing an abundance of fossils. Noir Beige, from Hainault and Namur, (Watson.) Belgium, are often referred to as Tournai marble. Top White See Rutland Top White. Tournay Quarries Torquay Quarries See Poudingue de Tournay. See Chudleigh.

Torrevarata (Breccia)—Group D. Tournon Marbles Pallizzi Quarries, Calabria, Italy. See Jaune Fleuri Greenish buff, with fragments of light Clairac buff containing fine fossils. Frouquet Takes good polish. Perrcara

[4^\ THROVGH THE AGES

Entrance to tte Executive Mansion

^His detail view of the Patterson Residence, Washington, D.C., HPshow s the main entrance to the new home of our Chief Executive. Until the real White House has been repaired, official Washington will be admitted to the President through this marble portal. Its quiet stateliness is in keeping with the dignity and prestige of the occasion.

Not a little of the attractiveness of the Patterson Building is due to the inherent beauty of Vermont marble—specified in this case by McKim.Mead and White, architects. The result justifies their judgment.

VERMONT MARBLE CO. PROCTOR, VERMONT

Branches in the larger cities

See Sweet's Catalog for Specifications and Other Data

[43] 11 THROVGH THE AGES

One of the Craig quarries

RODUCERS of the following Pbrands of Tennessee marble, blocks, slabs, tile and border;

LaMarr Gray Marmor Pink Fontaine Gray Dark Cedar Victoria Pink Craig Pink

JNO. J. CRAIG COMPANY KNOXVILLE :: TENNESSEE

R(X)SEVELT HIGH SCHOOL St. Louis, Mo.

All of the 30,000 feet of marble used in this building was Napoleon Gray, finished and in• stalled by the Union Marble & Tile Company.

Architect: R. M. Milligan, Commissioner of Schcx)ls, St. Louis.

Contractor: E. C. Gerhard Building Cximpany.

UNION MARBLE & TILE COMPANY WILLIAM C. Fox. General Manager I 109-27 SOUTH SEVENTH BLVD. ST. LOUIS. MO.

441