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Lord Northcliffe;TI.Cins4latic.Influences DOCUMENT RESUME ED 11V 726 CS 202 312 AUTHOR Pierce, Robert N. TITLE Lord Northcliffe;TI.cins4Latic.Influences. Journalism Monographs Number 40. INSTITUT=ON Association for Education in Journalism. PUB tAT1'. 75 NOTE 49p. FT,RS PwrCv MF-v$0.76 HC-51.95 Plus Postage DESCRIPTORS American Literature; *Bibliographies; *English Literature; Freedom of Speech; History; *Journalism; *Newspapers; Publications; Social Attitudes !DENT-11'17PS Harmsworth (Alfred) ;*Northcliffe (Lord) ABSTRACT This monograph examines the extent to which Lord Notthcliffe, generally conceded to be the dominant force in the popularization of journalism in Britain and what was once the British Empire, influenced or was influenced by American developments in journalism. The first section, entitled "The Legacy," briefly reviews . *he pophlar press in England. The remaining sections of the monograph afford a biographical sketch of Lord Northcliffe and a discussion of his careeruwith emphasis given to his influence by and on American. journalism at the beginning of the twentieth century. (LL) ****************************************************ic****************** Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished * materials not available from other sources. ERIC makes every effort * * to obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless, itemsi-of marginal * * reproducibility are often encountered and this affects the quality * * of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions EPIC makes a#ailqble * * via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDPS). EDRS is not * responsible for the quality of the original document. Reproductions * * supp,lied by:BDRS are the best that can be made from the original. *********************************************************************** U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH EDUCATION i WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION 6EEh;,ED0.7, EyAc/,..y RE'CE E V., Ch CQ. 3 A. h Pq h' CC EO, CNIS ,T.E ".') NE`E,S.T.a. PRE !EN,' jf. CA, Ag.n ChL,. hS -'E CC Ef:A PCS 1/1 journalism monographs NUMBER FORTY 0' ROBERT N. PIERCE Lord Northcliffe: Trans-Atlantic Influences AUGUST 1975 Published serially since 1988 by the Association for Education in jour- nalism. Supported by the American Association of Schools and Depart, ments of journalism 2 An .AEJ Publication Jut RN 1.1s \! NIo\ocacki,xs is one of foul publications of the Association for Education in Journalism, Juumalism Quarter/) (founded in 1921), which continues to be the Official Publication of the Association, The Journalism Lducatoi kfounded in 1916), which cdtitinues its affiliation withthe American Society ..Of Journalism School Administrators, Journalism Abstracts kfounded iD 1963),.and JocitN.kLIsNI NI() OGRAPHs (founded in 1966). JULRNALISM NIUNUGRAPlis was supported for its first two years by a gift from the UniNersity of Texas, by the AEJ tintil 1969 and since then by the American Association of Schools and Departments of Journal- ism. For all fout publications, business correspondence should be directed to Prof. ilarold Wilson, AEJ Publicatioffi Business Manager, School of Journalism and Mass Communications, L'niNersity of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455. All numbers ale in punt and may be ordered from the Business Mae, singly or in bulk. Attention, librarians. Numbers 1 through 17 are now on miciofilin and nia:. be ordered hum UniNei sit) Micro- ,Ann Arbor, Michigan 18106. Nfon graphs appealing here ale iegulaily absuatted and indexed in fitst(;mca/ .1bsteacts and.Ameit«i: History and Life. bscription Rates. Yetirly subscription, $5.00; $5.50 outside the U. S. and Canada. Current* Back Issues Si gle copies $2.00 $3.50 B lk orders" $1.35 $1.75 . The four most recent issues. Fifteen copies or more. JOURNALISM MONOGRAPHS NUMBER FORTY AUGUST 1975 BRUCE EV WESTLEY, Editor EDITORI L BOARD RICHARD IV BUDD. JAMES 'CAREY, RICFL F CARTER, STEVEN Fl. CHAFFEE, DAVI G CCARK, PETER CLARKE. LEWIS DONOFIEW, S WATSON DVNN, RICHARD A. EK, RONALD T FARRAR, BRADLEY- S GREENBERG, THOMAS IL GUBACK, WILLIAM A. HACHTEN; MANN() HARDT, L JOHN MARTIN, MAXWELL E. McCOMB$4, JACK M. McLEOD, JOHN T. Mc- NEELY. MICHAEL J. pETRICK, IVAN L. PRESTON, GALEN RARICK, KEITH P SA. 1DERS, LAWRENCE SCHNEIDER. JOHN D, ';I El, ENS, DWIGHT TEETER; FREDERICK T. C. YU. Members ofthe A EJ kub(ications Committee: DEL BRINKMAN ( Chairman), DONALD f. GRUBB, ROBERT V. HUDSON, DWIGHT L. TEETER, DAVID A. HABERMAN, PHILLIP J. TICHENOR. i Published serially at Lexington, Kentucky, by the Association for Edu- cation in Journalism with the support of the American Association of St hools and Departments of Journalism. ,.; 4anuscriptsand othet editorial correspondence should be addressed to the editor, Prof. Bruce H. Westley. Department of Journalism, Uni versity of Kentucky. Lexington, Kentucky 40506. Business correspond- ti ence, including subscriptions, should be directed to AEI Publications Bursas Manager, School of Journalism, University of Minnesota, Mreapolis, Minneso)o 55455. S ascriptionrates:$5.00 per year, $5..50 outside the United States a d CanadaChecks should be made out to Journalism Monographs. ROBERT N. PIERCE Lord Northcliffe: Trans-Atlantic Influences PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS COPY- RIGHTED MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED 8Y Association for Education in Journalism TO.. ERIC AND ORGANIZATIONS OPERATING UNDER AGREEMENTS WITH THE NATIONAL IN- STRUTE OF EDUCATIONFURTHER REPRO RUCTION OUTSID* THE ERIC SYSTEM RE. QUIRES PERMISSION OFTHE COPYRIGHT OWNER Copyright 1975 by the Association for Education in Journalism ROBERT N. PIERCE, is an associa e professor of atthe University of Florida, having f rmerly taught atat Louisiana State University and the University Of Minnesota. He receivedan A.B. degree from Arkansas State University, an M.J. from theUniver- sity of Texas and a Ph.D. from Minnesota. For eightyears he worked for newspapers in Arkansas, Texas and Florida, and .for two years he was a college 'pgblic relations director. His articles have aiipeailed in Journalism Quarterly, Quill and other-publica- tions. A specialist in international communication, he has done research and delivered lectures throughout Latin America,. and in 1973 held a Fulbright-Hays Senior Fellowship in Argentina.. Contents Preface '5 1 The Legacy. , R. The Pioneer \\ 6. \ The Borrower , , , 11 The Lender 19 The Ambassador \ 24 The Balance Sheet \ . , . ,35 Notes .aq 4. , AEUROPEAN historian of journalism examining the Surveys his .3cmericancounterparts have written could not escape the conclusion that a sort of scholarly embargo is and always has been in .effect. Aside from the -attentionthat Bleyer and Emery hal,e gil,en to the prenatal developmentof our press inits _17th-Century Continental and English phaseand that Hohenberg devotes to the spread ofpress freedom and foreign correspondence, nearly nothing is said in the standardworks about the possibility that the dynamics of changemay have been con- tagious0 enougho tocross national borders." Passing mention is made of the influences of the18th-Century English essayists and political theorists, theBow Street police reporting of the ,1830s and the internationalnews cartel. With one exception, what is perhaps the most significant journalistic development of the last century anda half-the popularization of the press-is described by defaultas an exclusively American phenomenon. No doubt this interpretation reflects the pauCity of research on possible trans-Atlanticinterrelationships during this period. There is ample evidence that Europe'stransfor- mations were similar if not identicalto those of the United States in the political, economic, social and journ listicfields, and it is reasonable to propose that the development of thepress on both sides of the ocean may have sharednoF onl) common roots but contemporary impulses. 't The exception to the embargo noteda ve concerns Alfred Charles William Harmsworth, Lord Northclffe,2 who is generally conceded to be the dominant force in thepi pularization of jour- nalism in Britain and in what wasonce the B itish Empire. Emery and Mott each devote about onepage to his a complishments.3 - If a beginning is to be made in the interntionalizition of jour- nalism history, an examination of theexte t to which he influ- enced or was influenced-by- 'American deve bpmentsmay be an appropriate point of departure. Sec Notes at end. 1'' The Legacy EVEN BEFORE the; dawn of the newspaper era, critics of the English press were sniffing at its sensa'tionalism. The broadsheet ballads were so popular, one criticwrote, that "scarce a cat can look out of a gutter, but out startshalf-peny Chronicler, and presently a propper ballet of a strange sight is enefted."4 Three centuries later, when Alfred Harmsworth, Lord Northcliffe, offended the sensibilities of Fleet Street with his flippantnew Daily Mail, it earned the label of ."that vulgar little halfpenny paper" and "a newspaper for office boys written by office boys."5 , If the development of the popularpress had been continuous in that span of time, it is doubtful that its plainer sister, journalism appealing to the intellect, would ha%e been able to compete for nourishment. But the lustiness of the balladeerswas soon to go into eclipse, ne%er fully re-emerging until Northcliffe rediscovered it. Anxieties over a continental war led to serious rather than light material as the grist for the earliest news publications, thecorantos. Within two decades, another topic that would preoccupy most editors until Northcliffepoliticscame into its own. Class con flict that surged during the Stuart period and led to a steady
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