Loop-Abort Faults on Lattice-Based Signature Schemes and Key Exchange Protocols
1 Loop-Abort Faults on Lattice-Based Signature Schemes and Key Exchange Protocols Thomas Espitau, Pierre-Alain Fouque, Benoˆıt Gerard,´ and Mehdi Tibouchi F Abstract—Although postquantum cryptography is of growing practical on improving the performance of lattice-based cryptogra- concern, not many works have been devoted to implementation security phy, and actual implementation results suggest that prop- issues related to postquantum schemes. erly optimized schemes may be competitive with, or even In this paper, we look in particular at fault attacks against imple- outperform, classical factoring and discrete logarithm-based mentations of lattice-based signatures and key exchange protocols. constructions1. For signature schemes, we are interested both in Fiat–Shamir type constructions (particularly BLISS, but also GLP, PASSSign, and Ring- The literature on the underlying number-theoretic prob- TESLA) and in hash-and-sign schemes (particularly the GPV-based lems of lattice-based cryptography is extensive (even scheme of Ducas–Prest–Lyubashevsky). For key exchange protocols, though concrete bit security is not nearly as well understood we study the implementations of NewHope, Frodo, and Kyber. These as for factoring and discrete logarithms). On the other hand, schemes form a representative sample of modern, practical lattice- there is currently a distinct lack of cryptanalytic results based signatures and key exchange protocols, and achieve a high level on the physical security of implementations of lattice-based of efficiency in both software and hardware. We present several fault schemes (or in fact, postquantum schemes in general! [66]). attacks against those schemes that recover the entire key recovery with It is well-known that physical attacks, particularly against only a few faulty executions (sometimes only one), show that those attacks can be mounted in practice based on concrete experiments in public-key schemes, are often simpler, easier to mount hardware, and discuss possible countermeasures against them.
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