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Canyon de Chelly NM: Administrative History Canyon de Chelly Administrative History ADMINISTRATIVE HISTORY: CANYON DE CHELLY NATIONAL MONUMENT ARIZONA by David M. Brugge Raymond Wilson January 1976 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service TABLE OF CONTENTS cach/adhi/adhi.htm Last Updated: 08-Mar-2004 file:///C|/Web/CACH/adhi/adhi.htm [9/12/2007 3:52:57 PM] Canyon de Chelly NM: Administrative History (Table of Contents) Canyon de Chelly Administrative History TABLE OF CONTENTS COVER PREFACE CHAPTERS CHAPTER 1: THE EARLY YEARS TO 1919 CHAPTER 2: THE CREATION OF THE NATIONAL MONUMENT, 1919-1931 CHAPTER 3: CHANGES IN THE MONUMENT BOUNDARIES CHAPTER 4: EARLY DEVELOPMENT, 1931-1941 CHAPTER 5: THE LEAN YEARS, 1941-1945 CHAPTER 6: MEREDITH GUILLET AND THE NAVAJOS, 1945-1950 CHAPTER 7: THE LULL, 1950-1957 CHAPTER 8: DEVELOPMENT AND NAVAJO TROUBLES, 1958-1962 CHAPTER 9: THE RETURN OF GUILLET, 1963-1966 CHAPTER 10: SONIC BOOMS AND PEOPLE PROBLEMS, 1966-1974 CHAPTER 11: CONCLUDING THOUGHTS APPENDICES APPENDIX 1: CUSTODIANS AND SUPERINTENDENTS, 1932-1974 file:///C|/Web/CACH/adhi/adhit.htm (1 of 4) [9/12/2007 3:52:58 PM] Canyon de Chelly NM: Administrative History (Table of Contents) APPENDIX 2: TRAVEL STATISTICS, 1931-1966 APPENDIX 3: CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS LET SINCE 1960 APPENDIX 4: ETHNOGRAPHIC FIELD WORK, 1902-1974 APPENDIX 5: HISTORICAL CHRONOLOGY, CANYON DE CHELLY, 1300-1960 APPENDIX 6: ACT AUTHORIZING ESTABLISHMENT OF CANYON DE CHELLY NM APPENDIX 7: PROCLAMATIONS ESTABLISHING CANYON DE CHELLY NM APPENDIX 8: FEDERAL REGULATIONS: CANYON DE CHELLY NM APPENDIX 9: NAVAJO TRIBAL COUNCIL RESOLUTIONS, 1925 AND 1930 BIBLIOGRAPHY MAPS 1: THE REGION 2: THE MONUMENT 3: HEADQUARTERS AREA BOUNDARY file:///C|/Web/CACH/adhi/adhit.htm (2 of 4) [9/12/2007 3:52:58 PM] Canyon de Chelly NM: Administrative History (Table of Contents) RECOMMENDED: Superintendent, Canyon de Chelly APPROVED: General Superintendent, Navajo Lands Group This administrative history is a pilot document, based largely on research of an archival nature, whereas the area itself has a history based primarily on verbal understandings. Consequently, additional input can be expected that may alter the report. To facilitate the collection of such information, a single depository will be maintained at the library at the Canyon de Chelly National Monument headquarters. Submissions should be sent to that location, identified as to source, date, etc. United States Department of the Interior / National Park Service NPS 577 <<< Previous <<< Contents >>> Next >>> file:///C|/Web/CACH/adhi/adhit.htm (3 of 4) [9/12/2007 3:52:58 PM] Canyon de Chelly NM: Administrative History (Table of Contents) cach/adhi/adhit.htm Last Updated: 08-Mar-2004 file:///C|/Web/CACH/adhi/adhit.htm (4 of 4) [9/12/2007 3:52:58 PM] Canyon de Chelly NM: Administrative History (Preface) Canyon de Chelly Administrative History PREFACE The need for an administrative history of Canyon de Chelly National Monument has been recognized for several years. As early as Meredith Guillet's first incumbency as superintendent in the 1940s, if not before, sporadic work was done to compile materials that could be used for this purpose. The unique character of this monument, which remains in the ownership of the Navajo Nation while park matters are administered by the National Park Service, has created an interrelated series of problems that have arisen as the canyon residents and the Park Service personnel work to adapt to each other's presence and to the ever-increasing stream of visitors attracted by the archeology, Indians, and exceptional scenery. The story of Navajo-Park Service relations forms a unifying theme for all the diverse events that have influenced the development of the area as a national monument. This study originated in a new Park Service master-plan project that will attempt to gather and evaluate the viewpoints of all the peoples and agencies interested in the area. Active research did not begin until June 1974 when the senior author was able to spend 3 weeks searching for source materials in the National Archives. Further work was not possible until late summer when the junior author was employed to assist with the research and writing. Sources were scattered in several depositories and offices. The requirements of other duties limited to some degree the thoroughness with which various collections could be researched, and this work should not be considered definitive. Several of the questions raised herein may be resolved by further work in collections already utilized. The following list indicates abbreviations used in the text citations and reveals to some extent the amount of attention we were able to give the various collections. Collection Abbreviation Utilized Southwestern National Monuments SWMR fully Monthly Reports, Arizona Archeological Center, Tucson, Arizona National Archives, Record Group 75, NA, RG 75, OIA partially Office of Indian Affairs, Washington, D.C. National Archives, Record Croup 79, NA, RG 79, NPS C de C fully NPS, National Monuments, Canyon de Chelly, Washington, D.C. file:///C|/Web/CACH/adhi/adhi0.htm (1 of 3) [9/12/2007 3:52:59 PM] Canyon de Chelly NM: Administrative History (Preface) Canyon de Chelly National Monument files, C de C partially Chinle, Arizona Denver Federal Records Center, NPS, DFRC partially Canyon de Chelly, Denver, Colorado Arlington Federal Records Center, AFRC partially NPS, Canyon de Chelly, Arlington, Virginia National Archives, Record Group 48, NA, RG 48, ID slightly Department of The Interior, Washington, D.C. Fort Defiance Letterbooks, FD slightly extract copies at Navajo Tribal Research Section (originals in Bell Federal Records Center, Bell, California). Historical Files, Hubbell Trading Post ---- partially National Historic Site, Ganado, Arizona Vivian Archives, Chaco Center, NPS, CA fully Albuquerque, New Mexico Denver Service Center, files, DSC slightly Denver, Colorado Our data come primarily from the above sources. Scattered odds and ends were available in published form and a number of individuals were willing to assist us with information in short interviews. These include Dr. Edward B. Danson of the Museum of Northern Arizona; Dr. David L. De Harport of Denver, Colorado; Dr. Stephen C. Jett of the University of California at Davis; Robert W. Young of the University of New Mexico; Martin A. Link, Navajo Tribal Museum; Verner Mayes, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Dilkon, Arizona; George W. Miller and Charlie R. Steen of Santa Fe; and Sam Day III of the Navajo tribe. In addition, John A. Aubuchon, Meredith Guillet, Ora Jo Puckett, William G. Binnewies, Chauncey Neboyia, Robert L. Morris, Clarence Gorman, and Herbert Yazheall of whom are current or former Park Service employees at Canyon de Chellydeserve special consideration. Several Navajo residents of the area talked with the senior author, and though they added little in the way of specific data, they enabled us to gain a much better insight into their problems. Many people supplied information through correspondence at our request, sometimes at the expense of considerable time and effort. Special recognition for assistance of this sort should go to Ora Jo Puckett, whose familiarity with the Canyon de Chelly files made our work much easier. Others deserving special mention are Carol Holleuffer, Dr. Mary Shepardson, Dr. Charlotte J. Frisbie, Marcella Sherfy, Gay Ann Mayes, and James T. Rock. file:///C|/Web/CACH/adhi/adhi0.htm (2 of 3) [9/12/2007 3:52:59 PM] Canyon de Chelly NM: Administrative History (Preface) For aid in finding materials in various collections we are indebted to J. Lee Correll of the Navajo Tribal Research Section, Judy R. Reis of the Arizona Archeological Center, Maria Joy and others at the National Archives, and Linda Cochran at the Federal Records Center in Denver. All of the people at the Chaco Center, where we did most of the compilation of data, should be mentioned for their favors great and small, from those who merely shared their space with us to Dorothy Cassidy, Alden C. Hayes, Natalie Patterson, Thomas Mathews, Delmar Petterson, and Dr. Robert C. Lister, who helped with many kinds of problems. Special commendation is extended to Dr. Richard N. Ellis of the History Department at the University of New Mexico for recommending the junior author to assist in this project. The manuscript has been critically read by Charles Voll, Bill Jones, Linda Greene, and William Germeraad, all of whom offered valuable suggestions. The authors take full responsibility, however, for all interpretation and errors. Final typing of the manuscript was done by Barbara Hudson. Last, but not least, special thanks go to Bill Jones of the Denver Service Center, who, as head of the current master plan team, has made it all possible. DMB RW Albuquerque, New Mexico, 1974 <<< Previous <<< Contents >>> Next >>> cach/adhi/adhi0.htm Last Updated: 08-Mar-2004 file:///C|/Web/CACH/adhi/adhi0.htm (3 of 3) [9/12/2007 3:52:59 PM] Canyon de Chelly NM: Administrative History (Chapter 1) Canyon de Chelly Administrative History CHAPTER 1: THE EARLY YEARS TO 1919 The name Chelly, under the form Chegui, first appeared in the 1770s on maps drawn by Don Bernardo de Miera y Pacheco. The most readily available is his map of 1778, which has been published in color. [1] These maps show the headwaters of the Chinle Wash, erroneously depicted as draining into the Moenkopi Wash, but otherwise located in the proper relation to the Hopi villages, Zuni, and other clearly identifiable places. Surrounding the headwaters of the stream are little mesas surmounted by hoganlike structures. We do not know whether Don Bernardo ever visited the canyons (his errors suggest that he did not) or whether he relied solely upon the reports of others who had penetrated the area, perhaps as members of the poorly documented military operations during the war of 1774-75 that ended over half a century of peace between the Spaniards and Navajos.

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