Guide to Legislation Relevant to the Electronic Information Systems Security Policy
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Law and Constitution
Commission on Justice in Wales: Supplementary evidence of the Welsh Government to the Commission on Justice in Wales Contents Law and the Constitution 1 History and evolution 1 Problems operating Part 4 of the Government of Wales Act from 2011 onwards 4 Draft Wales Bill (2015) 7 Wales Act 2017 9 Accessibility of the law in Wales (and England) 10 Government and Laws in Wales Bill 12 Implications of creating a Welsh legal jurisdiction 15 Conclusion 18 Mae’r ddogfen yma hefyd ar gael yn Gymraeg. This document is also available in Welsh. © Crown copyright 2018 2 | Supplementary evidence of the WelshWG35635 Government Digital to ISBN the 978-1-78937-837-5 Commission on Justice in Wales Law and the Constitution 1. This paper is supplementary to the Welsh on designing a system of government that is the Government’s submission of 4 June 2018. most effective and produces the best outcomes for It focusses specifically on the law and the legal the people of Wales. Instead we have constitutional jurisdiction and its impact on government in Wales. arrangements which are often complex, confusing It also considers the potential impact of creating and incoherent. a Welsh legal jurisdiction and devolving the justice 5. One of the key junctures came in 2005 with system on the legal professions in Wales. the proposal to create what was to become a fully 2. The paper explores the incremental and fledged legislature for Wales. The advent of full piecemeal way in which Wales’ current system law making powers was a seminal moment and of devolved government has developed. -
THE RATIONAL STRENGTH of ENGLISH LAW AUSTRALIA the Law Book Co
THE RATIONAL STRENGTH OF ENGLISH LAW AUSTRALIA The Law Book Co. of Australasia Pty Ltd. Sydney : Melbourne : Brisbane CANADA AND U.S.A. The Carswell Company Limited Toronto INDIA N. M. Tripathi Limited Bombay NEW ZEALAND Legal Publications Ltd. Wellington THE HAMLYN LECTURES THIRD SERIES THE RATIONAL STRENGTH OF ENGLISH LAW BY F. H. LAWSON, D.c.L. of Gray's Inn, Barrister-at-Law, Professor of Comparative Law in the University of Oxford LONDON STEVENS & SONS LIMITED 1951 First published in 1951 by Stevens & Sons Limited of 119 <fe 120 Chancery IJine London - Law Publishers and printed in Great Britain by the Eastern Press Ltd. of London and Reading CONTENTS The Hamlyn Trust ..... page vii 1. SOURCES AND GENERAL CHARACTER OF THE LAW 3 2. CONTRACT ....... 41 3. PROPERTY 75 4. TORTS ........ 109 5. CONCLUSION ....... 143 HAMLYN LECTURERS 1949. The Right Hon. Sir Alfred Denning 1950. Richard O'Sullivan, K.C. 1951. F. H. Lawson, D.C.L. VI THE HAMLYN TRUST HE Hamlyn Trust came into existence under the will of the late Miss Emma Warburton THamlyn of Torquay, who died in 1941 aged 80. She came of an old and well-known Devon family. Her father, William Bussell Hamlyn, practised in Torquay as a solicitor for many years. She was a woman of dominant character, intelligent and cultured, well versed in literature, music, and art, and a lover of her country. She inherited a taste for law, and studied the subject. She travelled frequently on the Continent and about the Mediterranean and gathered impressions of comparative jurisprudence and ethnology. -
Explanatory Notes
These notes refer to the Serious Crime Bill [HL] as introduced in the House of Lords on 5th June 2014 [HL Bill 1] SERIOUS CRIME BILL [HL] —————————— EXPLANATORY NOTES INTRODUCTION 1. These Explanatory Notes relate to the Serious Crime Bill [HL] as introduced into the House of Lords on 5th June 2014. They have been prepared by the Home Office in order to assist the reader of the Bill and to help inform debate on it. They do not form part of the Bill and have not been endorsed by Parliament. 2. The Notes need to be read in conjunction with the Bill. They are not, and are not meant to be, a comprehensive description of the Bill. So where a clause or part of a clause does not seem to require any explanation or comment, none is given. 3. A glossary of abbreviations and terms used in these Explanatory Notes is contained in Annex A to these Notes. OVERVIEW 4. Serious and organised crime includes drug trafficking, human trafficking, organised illegal immigration, child sexual exploitation, high value fraud and other financial crime, counterfeiting, organised acquisitive crime and cyber crime. Organised crime costs the United Kingdom at least £24 billion each year. As at December 2013, there are some 36,600 organised criminals in 5,300 groups currently operating in ways that directly affect the UK1. In October 2013, the Government published its Serious and Organised Crime Strategy (Cm 8715)2. The aim of the strategy is to reduce substantially the level of serious and organised crime affecting the UK and its interests. -
“English Law and Descent Into Complexity”
“ENGLISH LAW AND DESCENT INTO COMPLEXITY” GRAY’S INN READING BY LORD JUSTICE HADDON-CAVE Barnard’s Inn – 17th June 2021 ABSTRACT The Rule of Law requires that the law is simple, clear and accessible. Yet English law has in become increasingly more complex, unclear and inaccessible. As modern life becomes more complex and challenging, we should pause and reflect whether this increasingly complexity is the right direction and what it means for fairness and access to justice. This lecture examines the main areas of our legal system, legislation, procedure and judgments, and seeks to identify some of the causes of complexity and considers what scope there is for creating a better, simpler and brighter future for the law. Introduction 1. I am grateful to Gresham College for inviting me to give this year’s Gray’s Inn Reading.1 It is a privilege to follow a long line of distinguished speakers from our beloved Inn, most recently, Lord Carlisle QC who spoke last year on De-radicalisation – Illusion or Reality? 2. I would like to pay tribute to the work of Gresham College and in particular to the extraordinary resource that it makes available to us all in the form of 1,800 free public lectures available online stretching back nearly 40 years to Lord Scarman’s lecture Human Rights and the Democratic Process.2 For some of us who have not got out much recently, it has been a source of comfort and stimulation, in addition to trying to figure out the BBC series Line of Duty. 3. -
Welsh Tribal Law and Custom in the Middle Ages
THOMAS PETER ELLIS WELSH TRIBAL LAW AND CUSTOM IN THE MIDDLE AGES IN 2 VOLUMES VOLUME I1 CONTENTS VOLUME I1 p.1~~V. THE LAWOF CIVILOBLIGATIONS . I. The Formalities of Bargaining . .a . 11. The Subject-matter of Agreements . 111. Responsibility for Acts of Animals . IV. Miscellaneous Provisions . V. The Game Laws \TI. Co-tillage . PARTVI. THE LAWOF CRIMESAND TORTS. I. Introductory . 11. The Law of Punishtnent . 111. ' Saraad ' or Insult . 1V. ' Galanas ' or Homicide . V. Theft and Surreption . VI. Fire or Arson . VII. The Law of Accessories . VIII. Other Offences . IX. Prevention of Crime . PARTVIl. THE COURTSAND JUDICIARY . I. Introductory . 11. The Ecclesiastical Courts . 111. The Courts of the ' Maerdref ' and the ' Cymwd ' IV. The Royal Supreme Court . V. The Raith of Country . VI. Courts in Early English Law and in Roman Law VII. The Training and Remuneration of Judges . VIII. The Challenge of Judges . IX. Advocacy . vi CONTENTS PARTVIII. PRE-CURIALSURVIVALS . 237 I. The Law of Distress in Ireland . 239 11. The Law of Distress in Wales . 245 111. The Law of Distress in the Germanic and other Codes 257 IV. The Law of Boundaries . 260 PARTIX. THE L4w OF PROCEDURE. 267 I. The Enforcement of Jurisdiction . 269 11. The Law of Proof. Raith and Evideilce . , 301 111. The Law of Pleadings 339 IV. Judgement and Execution . 407 PARTX. PART V Appendices I to XI11 . 415 Glossary of Welsh Terms . 436 THE LAW OF CIVIL OBLIGATIONS THE FORMALITIES OF BARGAINING I. Ilztroductory. 8 I. The Welsh Law of bargaining, using the word bargain- ing in a wide sense to cover all transactions of a civil nature whereby one person entered into an undertaking with another, can be considered in two aspects, the one dealing with the form in which bargains were entered into, or to use the Welsh term, the ' bond of bargain ' forming the nexus between the parties to it, the other dealing with the nature of the bargain entered int0.l $2. -
Security Forum Strategic Panel Phorm Position Paper
Security Forum Strategic Panel Phorm Position Paper PHORM – PRIVACY IMPACT OF NEW INTERNET ADVERTISING MECHANISMS 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Online advertising company Phorm has caused a stir in the Internet community because of its profile-driven service. Phorm has trialled this service with BT, and signed further contracts with Virgin Media and TalkTalk. However, critics claim that the service breaches the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act (2000), and that Phorm’s approach is contrary to users’ privacy wishes. 1.2. The BCS believes that the solution to this debate rests in self-regulation of online advertising: companies must establish and enforce a code of conduct; be completely transparent about their practices; resist sharing data with third parties; and submit to ongoing oversight from an independent third party organisation. 2. THE BATTLE FOR THE INTERNET 2.1. The massive market for online advertising is one that affects every Internet user: many search engines and websites depend upon advertising revenues for funding, and some ISPs use advertising to subsidise subscription costs. In the absence of those funding sources they would either have to pass on additional operating costs to users, or cease trading altogether. 2.2. The battle for control of Internet advertising had, until recently, been confined to a small number of (rapidly consolidating) players including the likes of Microsoft, Google, Yahoo! and DoubleClick. These well-established companies have built their offerings over many years and believed themselves to control the market, with little threat from new companies. 2.3. However, a new breed of online advertising company has recently appeared. -
English Contract Law: Your Word May Still Be Your Bond Oral Contracts Are Alive and Well – and Enforceable
Client Alert Litigation Client Alert Litigation March 13, 2014 English Contract Law: Your Word May Still be Your Bond Oral contracts are alive and well – and enforceable. By Raymond L. Sweigart American movie mogul Samuel Goldwyn is widely quoted as having said, ‘A verbal contract isn’t worth the paper it’s written on.’ He is also reputed to have stated, ‘I’m willing to admit that I may not always be right, but I am never wrong.’ With all due respect to Mr Goldwyn, he did not have this quite right and recent case law confirms he actually had it quite wrong. English law on oral contracts has remained essentially unchanged with a few exceptions for hundreds of years. Oral contracts most certainly exist, and they are certainly enforceable. Many who negotiate commercial contracts often assume that they are not bound unless and until the agreement is reduced to writing and signed by the parties. However, the courts in England are not at all reluctant to find that binding contracts have been made despite the lack of a final writing and signature. Indeed, as we have previously noted, even in the narrow area where written and signed contracts are required (for example pursuant to the Statute of Frauds requirement that contracts for the sale of land must be in writing), the courts can find the requisite writing and signature in an exchange of emails.1 As for oral contracts, a recent informative example is presented by the case of Rowena Williams (as executor of William Batters) v Gregory Jones (25 February 2014) reported on Lawtel reference LTL 7/3/2014 document number AC0140753. -
Protection of Biometric Information of Children in Schools and Colleges
Protection of biometric information of children in schools and colleges Advice for proprietors, governing bodies, head teachers, principals and school and college staff March 2018 Contents 1. About this advice 3 Expiry/review date 3 What legislation does this advice relate to? 3 Who is this advice for? 3 2. Key Points 4 What is biometric data? 4 What is an automated biometric recognition system? 5 What does processing data mean? 5 3. The Protection of Freedoms Act 2012 6 Notification and Parental Consent 6 The pupil’s right to refuse 7 Providing alternatives 8 The Data Protection Act 1998 8 Associated Resources 9 4. Template Notification and Consent Form 10 2 1. About this advice This is non-statutory advice from the Department for Education. It explains the legal duties schools and colleges have if they wish to use biometric information about pupils for the purposes of using automated biometric recognition systems. The duties on schools and colleges in the Protection of Freedoms Act 2012 set out in this advice came into effect from 1 September 2013. Schools and colleges using automated biometric recognition systems, or planning to install them, should make arrangements to notify parents and obtain the consent required under the duties set out in the body of this advice. There are no circumstances in which a school or college can lawfully process a pupil’s biometric data without having notified each parent of a child and received the necessary consent. This advice replaces “Protection of biometric information of children in schools”, which was issued in December 2012. -
The Data Protection Act 1998 and Personal Privacy
Introduction On 2 February 1998 Lord Williams of Mostyn commenced his second reading speech for the Data Protection Bill: “I recognise that data protection does not sound like a subject to attract obsessive interest; witness the general exodus from your Lordships’ House as I start to Monday, 19 March 2012 introduce this Second Reading. Data protection is redolent in many ways of computers and electronic processing: necessary but essentially technical providers The Data Protection Act 1998 & Personal Privacy of services. In fact it affects our well-being in a much more general way. It shares common ground to that extent with the Human Rights Bill. That Bill will improve Philip Coppel QC the position of citizens of this country by enabling them to rely on the wide range of civil and political rights contained in the European Convention on Human Rights. Those rights include the right to respect for private and family life. The Data Protection Bill also concerns privacy, albeit a specific form of privacy; Synopsis: Described in Campbell v MGN [2003] QB 633 at [72] as “a thicket” personal information privacy. The subject matter of the Bill is, therefore, and as “certainly a cumbersome and inelegant piece of legislation”, inherently important to our general social welfare.”1 the Data Protection Act 1998 is the ugly relation in the law of As I penned this talk, with more than a decade having passed since Lord privacy. As the Human Rights Act 1998 has extruded the law of Williams’s speech echoed in the House, I did wonder whether his words confidentiality to protect personal privacy, the Data Protection Act would similarly resonate tonight. -
Data Protection, Caldicott
This printed version may be out of date. You should refer to the Hampshire Partnership Trust website (www.hantspt.nhs.uk) for the most up to date copy of this policy NCP 25 DATA PROTECTION, CALDICOTT & CONFIDENTIALITY POLICY & PROCEDURES [VERSION 2] Author: Information Governance Manager 1 Version 2 March 2007 This printed version may be out of date. You should refer to the Hampshire Partnership Trust website (www.hantspt.nhs.uk) for the most up to date copy of this policy NCP 25 Hampshire Partnership NHS Trust POLICIES AND PROCEDURES PROFORMA Subject and Version of Document: Data Protection, Caldicott & Confidentiality Policy and Procedure; Version 2 Author: Gordon Cheeseman, Information Governance Manager Persons/Committees etc consulted Information Governance Group, P&PC, TMT, whilst document in draft: TB Date agreed: Version 1: June 2004 Version 2: March 2007 By whom agreed: P&PC (March 04), TMT (June 04), TB Date of next review/update March 2010 and by whom: Information Governance Group Copy obtainable from: Website Date document issued: Version 1: July 2004 – Update 9 Version 2: March 2007 – Update 22 Responsibility for dissemination All Department Heads to new staff: Principal Target Audience: All staff who come into contact with personal identifiable information Training Implications: Staff Awareness Legal responsibilities covered in Organisational Induction. Amendments Summary: Amend. No. Issued Page Subject 1, Version 2 Nov 2006 All Minor changes to update document 2. Version 2 Dec 2006 24 & 30 Procedure for franked mail 3. Version 2 March 2007 8 Confidentiality: NHS Code of Practice 4. Version 2 March 2007 24 NHSmail Guidance Author: Information Governance Manager 2 Version 2 March 2007 This printed version may be out of date. -
Computer Misuse Act 1990 Is up to Date with All Changes Known to Be in Force on Or Before 03 August 2021
Changes to legislation: Computer Misuse Act 1990 is up to date with all changes known to be in force on or before 03 August 2021. There are changes that may be brought into force at a future date. Changes that have been made appear in the content and are referenced with annotations. (See end of Document for details) View outstanding changes Computer Misuse Act 1990 1990 CHAPTER 18 An Act to make provision for securing computer material against unauthorised access or modification; and for connected purposes. [29th June 1990] Be it enacted by the Queen’s most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:— Computer misuse offences 1 Unauthorised access to computer material. (1) A person is guilty of an offence if— (a) he causes a computer to perform any function with intent to secure access to any program or data held in any computer [F1, or to enable any such access to be secured] ; (b) the access he intends to secure [F2, or to enable to be secured,] is unauthorised; and (c) he knows at the time when he causes the computer to perform the function that that is the case. (2) The intent a person has to have to commit an offence under this section need not be directed at— (a) any particular program or data; (b) a program or data of any particular kind; or (c) a program or data held in any particular computer. -
Data Protection and Human Rights
House of Lords House of Commons Joint Committee on Human Rights Data Protection and Human Rights Fourteenth Report of Session 2007–08 HL Paper 72 HC 132 House of Lords House of Commons Joint Committee on Human Rights Data Protection and Human Rights Fourteenth Report of Session 2007–08 Report, together with formal minutes, and oral and written evidence Ordered by The House of Commons to be printed 4 March 2008 Ordered by The House of Lords to be printed 4 March 2008 HL Paper 72 HC 132 Published on 14 March 2008 by authority of the House of Commons London: The Stationery Office Limited £0.00 Joint Committee on Human Rights The Joint Committee on Human Rights is appointed by the House of Lords and the House of Commons to consider matters relating to human rights in the United Kingdom (but excluding consideration of individual cases); proposals for remedial orders, draft remedial orders and remedial orders. The Joint Committee has a maximum of six Members appointed by each House, of whom the quorum for any formal proceedings is two from each House. Current membership HOUSE OF LORDS HOUSE OF COMMONS Lord Bowness John Austin MP (Labour, Erith & Thamesmead) Lord Dubs Mr Douglas Carswell MP (Conservative, Harwich) Lord Lester of Herne Hill Mr Andrew Dismore MP (Labour, Hendon) (Chairman) Lord Morris of Handsworth OJ Dr Evan Harris MP (Liberal Democrat, Oxford West & The Earl of Onslow Abingdon) Baroness Stern Virendra Sharma MP (Labour, Ealing, Southall) Mr Richard Shepherd MP (Conservative, Aldridge-Brownhills) Powers The Committee has the power to require the submission of written evidence and documents, to examine witnesses, to meet at any time (except when Parliament is prorogued or dissolved), to adjourn from place to place, to appoint specialist advisers, and to make Reports to both Houses.