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6-6-2016 Development of a of Material Flow Analysis for agro‐food processing craft villages in Red River Delta of Vietnam Nguyet Thi rT an Institute for Sanitary Engineering and (ISAH), Leibniz University Hannover, Germany, [email protected] hannover.de

Dirk Weichgrebe Karl-Heinz Rosenwinkel, Institute for Sanitary Engineering and Waste Management (ISAH), Leibniz University Hannover, Germany

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Recommended Citation Nguyet Thi rT an and Dirk Weichgrebe, "Development of a database of Material Flow Analysis for agro‐food processing craft villages in Red River Delta of Vietnam" in "Life Cycle Assessment and Other Assessment Tools for Waste Management and Resource Optimization", Professor Umberto Arena, Second University of Naples, Italy Professor Thomas Astrup, Denmark Technical University, Denmark Professor Paola Lettieri, University College London, United Kingdom Eds, ECI Symposium Series, (2016). http://dc.engconfintl.org/lca_waste/7

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Development of a database of material flow analysis for agro-food processing craft villages in Red River Delta of Vietnam

T. Nguyet, D. Weichgrebe, K.H. Rosenwinkel [email protected] Institute for Sanitary Engineering and Waste Management Leibniz University Hannover, Germany

Cetraro, 05/06/2016 1 Development of a database of material flow analysis for agro-food processing craft villages in Red River Delta of Vietnam Introduction 11 provinces in Red River Delta Craft village definition: - 30% households in productions and stable for more than 2 years - Abiding by State legislation [source: Circular No 116/2006/TT-BNN] - Productions at level of family: takes place at household or designated area

Agro-food processing craft villages: raw materials (and products): rice (liquor, noodle, vermicelli), soyabean (tofu), arrowroot (starch, glassnoodle), cassava (starch, liquor)

Problem statement: - Environmental problems: starting after 1990, alarming in 2000s until now. Food villages: Water and wastewater crisis! - Increasing demand - Ineffective env. regulations - Research projects and much governmental effort booming in 2000s until now…

=>  Problems now and future: water and energy crisis, env. degradation-related problems (social conflict, health, economic) =>  Potential in resources and energy recovery [source of map: Wikipedia]

before 1930 1954 – 1978 1978 – 1985 1986 - 1992 1993 - now

 Development of craft villages and environmental problems (adapted from Dang Kim Chi, 2005: „Làng nghề Việt Nam và môi trường“ (Craft villages Vietnam and Environment)) 2 Development of a database of material flow analysis for agro-food processing craft villages in Red River Delta of Vietnam

Objectives - Development of a Material Flow Analysis (MFA) database of goods, energy and elements of Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorous - suggest solution for sustainable production as well as for environmental and resources management

Methodology DATA COLLECTION

Primary data Secondary data

Field work Laboratory analysis Literature Procductions: rice liquor, cassava liquor, Hanoi, Bac Ninh Hanoi University of Science rice noodle, tofu production interviews sampling pH, TS, VS, Concentration of N, P, COD from other process COD, TN, TP, TOC sources than craft villages rice vermicelli, glass noodle, arrowroot starch, => INHAND project „integrated water cassava starch, rice sheet concept for craft villages in Vietnam“

DATA PROCESSING (excel, STAN, statistic tools)

MFA database (energy, goods and elements of C, N, P)

production processes extrapolation region Red River Delta process ..……………….evaluations and scenarios……………….. 3 Development of a database of material flow analysis for agro-food processing craft villages in Red River Delta of Vietnam Methodology (cont.)

Structure of MFA-Database

Level of production process Level of region Red River Delta Layer of goods and elements of C, P, N Layer of goods and elements of C, P, N

extrapolation process

mass of C, N, P other anthropogenic per unit product! processes of C, N, P

MFA – production process Simplification of MFA – Region Red River Delta

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arrowroot starch

cassava starch productions

glass noodle fresh vermicelli Field site: Hanoi and Bac Ninh province 5 Time of investigation: March – April 2015, December 2015 – January 2016 Development of a database of material flow analysis for agro-food processing craft villages in Red River Delta of Vietnam Results

number of villages

60 56

50

40

30 20 20 14 10 9 10 6 6 4 2 1 1 0 province Ha Noi Bac Hai Nam Hung Ha Vinh Thai Ninh Hai Quang Ninh Duong Dinh Yen Nam Phuc Binh Binh Phong Ninh

Distribution of agro-food procesing villages in Red River Delta

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Type of production Participitation of villages

Spring-roll rice sheet 2%

Steamed Rice Roll 3%

Glass noodle 4% Tofu 5%

Rice noodle 7% Starch 7% Liquor 13% Vermicelli 19% Others 25% Mixture 37% Results Development of a database of material flow analysis for agro-food processing craft villages in Red River Delta of Vietnam

Simplification of general production process 7 Development of a database of material flow analysis for agro-food processing craft villages in Red River Delta of Vietnam Results Specific water consumption and wastewater generation

L/kg product water consumption 70 wastewater generation 60 55.2 50 pH 40 COD [kg/kg product] 30 TN [kg/kg product]

20 15.9 TP [kg/kg product] 10 8.3 4.2 TC [kg/kg product] 2.8 2.7 2.1 0.0 0 productions

Solid residues [kg/kg product] Cassava Rice liquor Tofu Arrowroot Cassava liquor starch starch generation 4.45 2.16 1.1 14.07 4.45

animal breeding animal breeding animal breeding canal recycled and cannal usage 8 Layer of

goods

MFA – production process of fresh rice vermicelli Layer of

element : C

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Development of a database of material flow analysis for agro-food processing craft villages in Red River Delta of Vietnam next steps

• Data uncertainty consideration • Extrapolation to regional MFA • Plausibility check and model calibration • Sensitivity analysis • Senarios developement

10 Thank you for your attention!

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