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Celebrity Culture Are Americans Too Focused on Celebrities? Researcher Published by CQ Press, a division of Congressional Quarterly Inc. CQ thecqresearcher.com Celebrity Culture Are Americans too focused on celebrities? n early February, North Korea’s leader bragged about his nuclear arsenal, the lagging U.S. dollar started climbing and the Prince of Wales announced his engagement. But the serious-minded readers of Bloomberg News were most Iinterested in Charles and Camilla. Americans have an insatiable appetite for celebrity news, and the juicier the better — from Brad and Jennifer’s breakup to Michael Jackson’s trial to Martha Stewart’s jail term. Some observers say it’s harmless to follow the lives of celebrities. Indeed, they even say we are genetically programmed to care, and that the heavy focus on celebrities simply reflects that The separation of Brad Pitt and Jennifer Aniston, here at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival in January interest. But media critics say celebrity coverage is squeezing out 2005, sparked unprecedented media coverage. legitimate news and that, as a result, the United States is becoming I a nation that knows more about the “Battle of the Network Stars” N than the battle for Baghdad. With less attention being paid to THIS REPORT S THE ISSUES ......................247 informing citizens about government and the world around them, I BACKGROUND ..................254 the critics warn, a cornerstone of a democratic society — an D CHRONOLOGY ..................255 informed populace — is being put in jeopardy. E CURRENT SITUATION ..........259 The CQ Researcher • March 18, 2005 • www.thecqresearcher.com AT ISSUE ..........................261 Volume 15, Number 11 • Pages 245-268 OUTLOOK ........................263 RECIPIENT OF SOCIETY OF PROFESSIONAL JOURNALISTS AWARD FOR BIBLIOGRAPHY ..................265 EXCELLENCE N AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION SILVER GAVEL AWARD THE NEXT STEP ................266 CELEBRITY CULTURE T H CQE Researcher March 18, 2005 THE ISSUES SIDEBARS AND GRAPHICS Volume 15, Number 11 • Is fascination with Celebrity Coverage Doubled MANAGING EDITOR: Thomas J. Colin 247 celebrity bad for society? 248 in News Magazines • Does the media’s atten- But coverage of national affairs ASSISTANT MANAGING EDITOR: Kathy Koch tion to celebrities lead to dropped from 35 percent to ASSOCIATE EDITOR: Kenneth Jost 25 percent of all pages. poor news coverage? STAFF WRITER: Peter Katel BACKGROUND Celebrities Dominate CONTRIBUTING WRITERS: Sarah Glazer, 249 Magazine Covers David Hosansky, Patrick Marshall, Nearly 40 percent of U.S. Tom Price ‘Star’ Gladiators magazine covers carried 254 Roman gladiators were celebrity photos in 2004. DESIGN/PRODUCTION EDITOR: Olu B. Davis early celebrities. ASSISTANT EDITOR: Kate Templin Reality TV Rarely Leads to Modern Celebrity 251 Lasting Fame 258 In the 18th century, fa- Few reality TV alums achieve mous writers and thinkers careers in entertainment. became celebrities. Are You Celebrity Obsessed? 252 Psychologists have developed Star System A Division of 258 a test to measure interest in Congressional Quarterly Inc. The first fan magazine celebrities from harmless debuted in 1911. escapism to stalking. SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT/GENERAL MANAGER: John A. Jenkins Communications Chronology DIRECTOR, LIBRARY PUBLISHING: Kathryn C. Suárez 259 Revolution 255 Key events since the 1880s. Radio and TV helped DIRECTOR, EDITORIAL OPERATIONS: spread celebrity culture. Riding Celebrity Into Politics Ann Davies 256 Celebrities often find it easy to enter politics. CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY INC. URRENT ITUATION CHAIRMAN: Paul C. Tash C S At Issue 261 Do the media devote too VICE CHAIRMAN: Andrew P. Corty Big Business much attention to celebrities? PRESIDENT AND PUBLISHER: Robert W. Merry 259 Celebrities have become the biggest magazine sellers. Copyright © 2005 CQ Press, a division of Congres- FOR FURTHER RESEARCH sional Quarterly Inc. (CQ). CQ reserves all copyright Science of Celebrity and other rights herein, unless previously specified 262 Interest in celebrities may For More Information in writing. No part of this publication may be re- be biologically based. 264 Organizations to contact. produced electronically or otherwise, without prior written permission. Unauthorized reproduction or Studying Celebrity Bibliography transmission of CQ copyrighted material is a violation 265 of federal law carrying civil fines of up to $100,000. 262 Some college courses deal Selected sources used. CQ Researcher (ISSN 1056-2036) is printed on acid- with celebrity culture. The Next Step 266 free paper. Published weekly, except March 25, July Additional articles. 1, July 8, Aug. 5, Aug. 12, Nov. 25, Dec. 23 and Dec. OUTLOOK Citing CQ Researcher 30, by CQ Press, a division of Congressional Quarter- 267 Sample bibliography formats. ly Inc. Annual subscription rates for institutions start Diminishing Democracy? at $625. For pricing, call 1-800-834-9020, ext. 1906. 263 Critics warn that democracy To purchase a CQ Researcher report in print or elec- cannot flourish if citizens tronic format (PDF), visit www.cqpress.com or call are not well-informed. 866-427-7737. A single report is $10. Bulk purchase discounts and electronic-rights licensing are also available. Periodicals postage paid at Washington, D.C., and additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to CQ Researcher, 1255 22nd Cover: Brad Pitt and Jennifer Aniston take their star turn at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival. St., N.W., Suite 400, Washington, DC 20037. Their separation in February 2005 sparked unprecedented media coverage, including a record five consecutive weeks on the cover of Us Weekly. (AFP Photo/Francois Guillot) 246 The CQ Researcher Celebrity Culture BY HOWARD ALTMAN ty gossip, to fill the bur- geoning amounts of broad- THE ISSUES cast airtime. artha is every- “Television, more than where. For days any other cultural develop- M before and after her ment, has radically changed release from prison, she is our experience of celebrity,” the blazing star around which says David Blake, a profes- television, the Internet, sor of English at the Col- newspapers and magazines lege of New Jersey, in Ewing. revolve. There she is, newly “Television has made celebri- svelte and smiling sweetly, ties both prevalent and ubiq- leaving prison. Waving girl- uitous, and with the rise of ishly and bussing the pilot television came a whole new on the cheek as she boards branch of the public rela- a private jet to return to her tions industry. Public rela- upstate New York estate. tions once focused on Joking with reporters about preparing accomplished in- not getting cappuccino in dividuals for the interest prison and missing fresh and scrutiny that had come lemons. Lovingly stroking her to them. Now it involves handsome horses over the manufacturing celebrities to pasture fence. Addressing meet the culture’s seeming- adoring employees at Martha ly insatiable desire for them.” Stewart OmniMedia and The constant barrage of Billionaire lifestyle entrepreneur Martha Stewart showing off the shawl cro- received heavy media coverage after her release from a celebrity has led more and cheted for her by a fellow West Virginia prison on March 4, 2005. The media say more people to risk their dig- inmate. they cover celebrities heavily because of strong reader nity, and even their lives in Domestic diva, media mag- and viewer interest, but critics say excessive coverage of some cases, for the crack-like nate, hero, outcast, convict, celebrities diverts attention from more serious high of their “15 minutes of journalistic pursuits and gives younger comeback kid and soon-to- readers a distorted view of reality. fame,” as artist Andy Warhol be-star of her own reality famously put it. show — Martha Stewart is among the “Entertainment Tonight” now has a Moreover, some researchers argue few people on Earth (along with Jen- foothold in every part of the media that as the media dishes out an in- nifer Aniston and Brad Pitt) capable business. That’s why there are 1,000 creasingly rich diet of celebrity hype, of diverting the media from the all- journalists camped out in California less and less attention is paid to in- consuming feeding frenzy of the for the Michael Jackson trial. That’s forming citizens about government and Michael Jackson child-molestation trial. why magazines and newspaper gos- the world around them — undercut- In short, Martha is the essence of sip columns breathlessly chronicle every ting a cornerstone of a democratic so- celebrity — and we can’t take our breakup by Ben [Affleck] and Jen [Gar- ciety. Many trace the new emphasis on eyes off her. ner], every Britney marriage, every birth celebrities to the massive consolidation On a very basic, biological basis, to a remotely famous B actress.” of the mass media industry, which began scientists say we humans are hard- Fascination with celebrity has been in the 1990s when newspapers faced wired to be fascinated with celebrity, fueled by an explosion in the num- layoffs and drops in circulation and and that our brains receive pleasur- ber of Internet sites and cable televi- profits. Media companies were gobbled able chemical stimuli when we see fa- sion channels, including 24-hour news up by mega corporations with a greater miliar faces. shows. As the number of shows and commitment to stockholder proftis than “Celebrity journalism has never been Web sites increased, so did competi- to maintaining large, traditionally money- hotter,” says Washington Post media tion for audiences and ad dollars. In losing news departments. critic Howard Kurtz. “What used to turn, that raised the demand for more In many cases, newspapers and be the realm of People magazine and cheap content, such as the latest celebri- broadcast stations owned by family Available online: www.thecqresearcher.com March 18, 2005 247 CELEBRITY CULTURE Celebrity culture is having other neg- Celebrity Coverage Doubled in News Magazines ative impacts on society. According to The percentage of pages in news magazines dedicated to celebrities British researcher Satoshi Kanazawa, of The London School of Economics and and entertainment doubled from 1980 to 2003, while coverage of Science, children’s mental health suffers national affairs dropped from 35 percent of all pages to 25 percent.
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