ISSN 1809-127X (online edition) © 2010 Check List and Authors Chec List Open Access | Freely available at www.checklist.org.br Journal of lists and distribution

n Aves, , Trochilidae, Topaza pella (Linnaeus, 1758): A range reinforcement in istributio

D Amazonian

raphic 1* 2 g Bradley J.W. Davis and Scott T. Olmstead eo G n

o 1 Rua São Cosme e Damião, 247, Caixa Postal 481. CEP 78580-000. Alta Floresta, MT, Brazil.

* Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] otes 2 Tropical Birding, Felix Oralabal N45-55 y Joaquín Paredes, Edificio Espinosa piso 3. Quito, Ecuador. N

Abstract: We present new distribution records for Topaza pella (Linnaeus, 1758) in the southern reaches of the in Brazil. The two new localities presented for the species elucidate its range in southern Pará and northern Mato Grosso states, and in consideration of recent records elsewhere south of the , suggest that the species is widely distributed across suitable throughout the Brazilian Amazon.

The Topaza are amongst the largest are consistent with other published observations of the members of the family, occupying lowland of from Brazil (e.g. Peres and Whittaker 1991; Stotz northern Amazonia and the Guianan Shield where they et al. 1997; Henriques et al. apparently prefer the canopy and edge of forests on sandy recordings of the species’ characteristic loud vocalizations soils, particularly along narrow blackwater streams and during both initial encounters 2003). with the BJWD species made using field a elsewhere near water (Schuchmann 1999; Ridgely et al. Sennheiser ME-67 shotgun microphone and a Marantz 2005). Hu et al. the Topaza hummingbirds and mapped the occurrence of Topaza pella (Linnaeus, (2000) defined 1758) theacross known SE range limits and for truncatedPMD-660 cuts digital are fieldalso available recorder. at These an online recordings open-access will , as well as from the central Brazilian Amazon resourcebe archived (www.xeno-canto.org). at the INPA Collection in Manaus and in the state of Amazonas east to northwestern Pará state at the mouth of the Amazon River, in addition to a single 2007 and during week-long visits in each of the months of isolated locality in eastern Rondônia state. Subsequent May,In June, return July visits and toNovember the São Benedito 2008, and II alsoRiver in in February, October May, September and October 2009, BJWD found T. pella to presence of T. pella in the Tapajós National near be fairly common in the area. Multiple individuals could fieldworkSantarém, inPará the (Henriques eastern Amazon et al. 2003), basin hasCaxiaunã confirmed National the Forest, Pará (L. Naka, in litt. 2006) and also at Trairão, Pará (Pacheco and Olmos 2005); recent records from the typically be found during fieldwork along the river – on 05 Roosevelt River in southern Amazonas state have further wereOctober detected 2007 no at fewer a single than location five individuals on consecutive were detected dates elucidated the species’ range (Whittaker 2009). along a an narrow 8 km (40 stretch m) section of river. of Inthe July river, 2008 where three attracted with playback of the song of the Amazonian Pygmy- locally as “Rio Azul”), municipality of Novo Progresso, Pará Owl Glaucidium hardyi Vielliard, 1990. Subsequently, in (09°14’39”During fieldwork S, 55°59’16” on the W) São we Benedito discovered II River two or(known three November 2008 while leading a commercial birdwatching individual males and a single female T. pella at the edge of tour along the Cristalino River in the municipality of Novo a narrow black- or clear-water river on 31 July 2007. All Mundo, Mato Grosso state (09°33’50” S, 55°54’28” W), individuals were observed hawking insects over the river, BJWD located a single female T. pella perched low (< 0.5 both at the edge and over open water some 10 m from m) on a dead branch overhanging the river’s edge. The the bank, at heights from 10 cm (close to the riverbank) presence of the species was suspected upon detection of its to 2.5 m (mid-river) above the river’s surface. A pair was harsh vocalizations, and once located was approachable to subsequently relocated near the same spot on 03 August 2007 where observed for 45 minutes at mid-day as they evidence for the species at this well-watched locality (A. Leesa few inmeters litt. 2009).where M. A Reid further obtained record the from first thephotographic Cristalino River was obtained on 17 November 2009 when BJWD Florisugafed on nectar mellivora and defended (Linnaeus, an 1758) unidentified and White-chinned tree laden Sapphirewith flowering Hylocharis vines cyanusfrom several (Vieillot, White-necked 1818). When Jacobin not hovering about 1 m above a small lagoon inside igapó feeding or disputing territory, the birds perched in the forestbriefly 150 observed m from an the adult river’s male edge. alternately bathing in and open on exposed twigs in the upper levels of the tree at The majority of our records of T. pella were from the heights from 4-8 m. Our anecdotal feeding observations edges of the two narrow blackwater rivers we surveyed,

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cyanicterus (Vieillot, 1819) (Peres and Whittaker 1991), strongly associated with small watercourses; Nicholson Dotted Tanager Tangara varia (Statius Muller, 1776) (Lees (1931)the São recorded Benedito 44 II and nests the in Cristalino. along The species a narrow is et al. 2008; Whittaker 2009) and Red-and-black Grosbeak tributary of the Essequibo averaging 12 m in width. Both Periporphyrus erythromelas (Gmelin, 1789) (Fernandes Nicholson (1931) and Davis (1958) correlated the width 2007). of a watercourse with the presence/absence of Topaza. in the canopy are mostly avoided by Topaza. During Forest streams too narrow to open a significant space wefieldwork visited from regularly 2004 within to 2009 closed along canopy the Cristalino, terra firme we failed to detect the species at any of the five small streams Inga sp.forest. along On a the perennial São Benedito forest IIstream a pair (averagewas tape-recorded width of 2-3 in m)taller in Mayforest 2008 (~ 20 and m) a singlecanopy male defending was seen a flowering at the edge of a large anthropogenic clearing bordering tall transitional forest in July 2008. The latter observation was our only encounter with the species away from water. Furthermore, the majority of our observations of the species at the two localities were in relatively stunted gallery forest on a sandy substrate (canopy heights from 10-20 m on the

While canopy height appeared to make little difference São Benedito II, greater than 20 m on the Cristalino). edaphicin habitat factors selection which – birds dictate were the variably presence observed or absence from oftreetops the species down into the water’s region. surface Dedicated – there searching may be for other the species in river-edge forests and in tall terra firme forest Figure 1. Localities for Topaza pella (Linnaeus, 1758) in Amazonian Brazil south of the Amazon River. 1 = Cachoeira Nazaré, Rondônia; 2 away from watercourses in the Alta Floresta/Cristalino = Tapajós National Forest, Pará; 3 = Trairão, Pará; 4 = Roosevelt River, presumed preference for forest canopies when away from Grosso; 7 = Caxiuanã National Forest, Pará. watercourses,area yielded just we the consider two November T. pella records. In spite of its Amazonas; 5 = São Benedito II River, Pará; 6 = Cristalino River, Mato overlook given its loud and distinctive vocalizations. Acknowledgments: These documented records represent a difficult the fourth species and to the Pousada Rio Azul for their invitation to undertake ornithological work T. pella in the Tapajós-Xingu We would like to thank Carlos and Ivaní Carvalho of

commentson the São Beneditoon the manuscript II and for andtheir to endless Travis Rosenberryhospitality during of the ourPeregrine visits. rangefifth published limit by 550localities km southfor from Trairão and 550 km FundThanks and also Cameron go to Vitor Davis de for Q. theirPiacentini assistance and Alexander in obtaining C. Leesreferences. for their A eastinterfluvium from the (Figure Roosevelt 1), and River. extend Our records its southeastern bridge a major gap in the published distribution of the species map which accompanies this paper. special thanks to Andrew Davis for taking the time to produce the fine and suggest that the Rondônia population is not isolated but more likely lies near the distributional limit of an Literature Cited undersampled intervening range. Filling distribution Aleixo, A. and F. Poletto. 2007. Birds of an open vegetation enclave in gaps in the Amazon basin on a species by species basis southern Brazilian Amazonia. Wilson Journal of Ornithology 119(4): is vital to the understanding of habitat preferences 610-630. Alvarez, J. and B.M. Whitney. 2003. New distributional records of birds and the conservation needs of individual species. As from white-sand forests of the Northern Peruvian Amazon, with southern and eastern Amazonian Brazil receive greater implications for biogeography of Northern . Condor sampling effort, it is likely that the range of T. pella will 105(3): 552-566. Amaral, F.S.R., L.F. Silveira and B.M. Whitney. 2007. New localities for the Black-faced Hawk (Leucopternis melanops) south of the Amazon with appropriate habitat meeting the species’ ecological River and description of the immature plumage of the White-browed be further reinforced as field workers investigate areas Hawk (Leucopternis kuhli). Wilson Journal of Ornithology 119(3): 450-454. both west and east of the Tapajós River has revealed the Davis, T.A.W. 1958. The displays and nests of three forest hummingbirds presencerequirements. of species Recent with fieldwork similar distributionalin the southern patterns Amazon to of British Guiana. Ibis 100: 31-39. T. pella which had previously been considered restricted Fernandes, A.M. 2007. Southern range extension for the Red-and-black Grosbeak (Periporphyrus erythromelas, Cardinalidae), Amazonian to the Guianas and northeastern Amazonia such as Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia 15(3): 468-469. Black-faced Hawk Leucopternis melanops (Latham, 1790) Henriques, L.M.P., J.M. Wunderle, Jr. and M.R. Willig. 2003. Birds of the (Amaral et al. 2007), Yellow-throated Flycatcher Conopias Tapajós National Forest, Brazilian Amazon: a preliminary assessment. Ornitologia Neotropical 14: 307-338. parvus (Pelzeln, 1868) (Peres and Whittaker 1991; Alvarez Hu, D., L. Joseph and D. Agro. 2000. Distribution, variation, and and Whitney 2003; Poletto and Aleixo 2005; Aleixo and of Topaza hummingbirds (Aves: Trochilidae). Ornitologia Neotropical Poletto 2007), Guianan Red- carnifex 11(2): 123-142. Lees, A.C., B.J.W. Davis, A.V.G. Oliveira and C.A. Peres. 2008. Avifauna of a (Linnaeus, 1758) (Pacheco et al. 2007), Crimson Fruitcrow structurally heteregeneous forest landscape in the Serra dos Caiabis, Haematoderus militaris (Shaw, 1792) (Stotz et al. 1997; Mato Grosso, Brazil: a preliminary assessment. Cotinga 29(1): 149- Whittaker 2009), Blue-backed Tanager Cyanicterus 159.

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Nicholson, E.M. 1931. Field-notes on the Guiana King Humming-bird. Ibis Schuchmann, K.L. 1999. Family Trochilidae (hummingbirds); p. 468-680. 73(3): 534-553. In J. del Hoyo, A. Elliot and J. Sargatal (eds.) Handbook of the birds of Pacheco, J.F. and F. Olmos. 2005. Birds of a latitudinal transect in the the world. Volume 5: Barn-owls to hummingbirds. Barcelona: Lynx Ararajuba Edicions. 13(1): 29-46. Stotz, D.F., S.M. Lanyon, T.S. Schulenberg, D.E. Willard, A.T. Peterson and Pacheco,Tapajós-Xingu J.F., G.M. Kirwan, interfluvium, A. Aleixo, eastern B.M. Whitney, Brazilian A. Amazonia. Whittaker, J. Minns, J.W. Fitzpatrick. 1997. An avifaunal survey of two tropical forest K.J. Zimmer, P.S.M. Fonseca, M.F.C. Lima and D.C. Oren. 2007. An localities on the middle Rio Ji-Paraná, Rondônia, Brazil. Ornithological avifaunal inventory of the CVRD Serra dos Carajás project, Pará, Monographs 48(1): 763-781. Brazil. Cotinga 27(1): 15-30. Whittaker, A. 2009. Pousada Rio Roosevelt: a provisional avifaunal Peres, C.A. and A. Whittaker. 1991. Annotated checklist of the bird species inventory in south-western Amazonian Brazil, with information on of the upper Rio Urucu, Amazonas, Brazil. Bulletin of the British life history, new distributional data and comments on taxonomy. Ornithologist’s Club 111(3): 156-171. Cotinga 31(1): 20-43. Poletto, F. and A. Aleixo.

no sudoeste da Amazônia2005. brasileira. Implicações Revista biogeográficas Brasileira de de Zoologia novos : December 2009 registros22(4): 1196-1200. ornitológicos em um enclave de vegetação de campino : May 2010 Ridgely, R.S., D. Agro and L. Joseph. Received : May 2010 Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Revised : August 2010 154(1): 109-121. 2005. Birds of Iwokrama Forest. Accepted : Leandro Bugoni Published online Editorial responsibility

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