Number 4, September 2010 Upcoming Events: 8th Annual Alabama Invasive Plant Oct 2010-Dec 2010 Council Conference. April 21, 2010, Auburn University Hotel and Upcoming Events...... 1 Potential Invasive Pests Workshop. Conference Center, Auburn, AL. (http:// From the Newsletter Editors...... 2 October 11-14, 2010, Miami, FL. www.se-eppc.org/alabama/) Science Notes...... 2 (http://www.conference.ifas.ufl.edu/ 2010 Joint Meeting of Southeast Technology Transfer & TSTAR/) Exotic Pest Plant Council and the Outreach Activities...... 7 58th Western International Forest Southeast Chapter of the Society for Ask the Expert...... 8 Disease Work Conference. October Ecological Restoration International— 4-8, 2010, Valemont, British Columbia, Disturbance and Change, Invasive Publication News...... 9 Canada. (http://www.fs.fed.us/ Plants and Paths to Recovery. May foresthealth/technology/wif/) 11-13, 2010, Chattanooga, TN. (http:// www.se-eppc.org/2010/) Entomological Society of America’s Group Leader 58th Annual Meeting. December 12- Weeds Across Borders 2010—Plant Dean Pearson, Research Ecologist 15, 2010, San Diego, CA. (http://www. Invasions, Policies and Politics. June USDA Forest Service—RMRS entsoc.org/am/fm/2010/index.htm) 1-4, 2010, National Conservation 800 E. Beckwith Ave. Training Center, Shepherdstown, WV. Recent Events: Missoula, MT 59801 (http://www.weedcenter.org/wab2010/) Phone: 406-542-4159 Idaho Weed Conference. February E-mail: [email protected] International Symposium on Genetic 3-4, 2010, Best Western Burley Inn, http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/wildlife/invasives/ Biocontrol of Invasive Fish. June 21- Burley, ID. (http://idahoweedcontrol. 24, 2010, Minneapolis, MN. (http:// org/weedconference.html) Newsletter Editors www.seagrant.umn.edu/ais/biocontrol) Joint Annual Meeting of the Society High-Five Symposium—The Future Ned B. Klopfenstein for Range Management and the of High-Elevation Five-Needle White USDA Forest Service—RMRS Weed Science Society of America. Pines in Western North America. 1221 S. Main St. February 7-11, 2010, Sheraton Denver June 28-30, 2010, The University Moscow, ID 83843 Downtown Hotel, Denver, CO. Phone: 208-883-2310 of Montana Campus, Missoula, MT. E-mail: [email protected] 2010 Western Society of Weed (http://www.whitebarkfound.org/ Brian W. Geils Science Annual Meeting. March images/Date-saver-info.gif) 8-11, 2010, Waikoloa Beach USDA Forest Service—RMRS 24th International Congress for 2500 S. Pine Knoll Dr. Marriott, Waikoloa, HI. (http://www. Conservation Biology—Conservation Flagstaff, AZ 86001 wsweedscience.org/default.asp) Phone: 928-556-2076 for a Changing Planet. July 3-7, E-mail: [email protected] Florida Exotic Pest Pest Council 2010, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. (EPPC) 25th Annual Symposium— (http://www.conbio.org/activities/ Changes in Latitude. April 5-8, 2010, meetings/2010/) Production The Plantation Golf Resort and Spa, Oklahoma Invasive Plant Council Crystal River, FL. (http://www.fleppc. Publishing Services 2010 Annual Meeting. July 14, 2010, USDA Forest Service—RMRS org/Symposium/2010/) Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma City, OK. (http://www.ok-invasive- plant-council.org/annualmeeting.html)

1 From the Newsletter Editors The fourth issue of Invasive Species plans to publish a more detailed document still interested in suggestions for improving Science Update has finally arrived. This to summarize RMRS invasive species this newsletter, especially from managers newsletter has no set publication schedule, research activities related to multiple taxa. and other users. Please send your but our intent is to deliver invasive species This issue presents many exciting research comments directly to Brian or Ned. Thanks information on a timely basis. The RMRS and outreach activities associated with to Mee-Sook Kim, who helped establish Invasive Species Working Group (ISWG) a variety of invasive species. Contact this newsletter and continues to help in the has been reorganized and recharged. information is provided with each summary publication process. General information on the ISWG is for more information. RMRS scientists and presented in a publication by Butler and professionals are ready and willing to help others (2009). In the near future, the ISWG with your invasive species needs. We are Science Notes History, Biology, and For more than a century, Cronartium Station but formerly RMRS, served as Management of White Pine ribicola has been one of the most impor- senior journal editor. RMRS scientists tant invasive species in North America. contributed to five key articles. Brian Blister Rust This fungal pathogen alternately infects Geils reviewed the history and biology of white pines and Ribes (currants and C. ribicola (Geils and others 2010) and Submitted by Brian Geils, Research Plant Pathologist, Flagstaff, AZ, 928- gooseberries) and causes white pine blis- coauthored the concluding integration ar- 556-2076, [email protected] ter rust. Losses from the disease and its ticle (Hunt and others 2010). Mee-Sook control lead to serious reductions in white Kim and Ned Klopfenstein compared The August issue of Forest Pathology pines and Ribes and have significantly white pine blister rusts in eastern Asia provides a comprehensive synthesis of altered the ecology and economy of in- and described the rusts’ implications for management strategies and practices to fested regions. Early controls included North America (Kim and others 2010). identify, protect, and sustain ecosystems quarantines, eradication of introduced Bryce Richardson and Ned Klopfenstein threatened by white pine blister rust. commercial and native Ribes, biocides, surveyed molecular approaches for inves- antagonistic fungi, and tigating host and pathogen phylogenies other cultural and genetic and interactions (Richardson and others techniques. Several reports 2010a). Paul Zambino wrote a detailed published in the last few years summary of the Ribes and other native have warned of the perils that hosts in North America (Zambino 2010). threaten white pines and have Other articles assessed status, threats, and called for their conservation conservation strategies for host species and and restoration by active inter- described cultural and genetic approaches vention and genetic programs for sustaining populations challenged by to increase disease resistance. invasive forest species. Together, the 12 What has been lacking, how- articles provide an informed synthesis on ever, is a critical literature the ecology and coevolution of the white review of the history, biology, pine blister rust pathosystem and on the and management of white pine challenges to maintaining productive and blister rust and an assessment resilient white pine ecosystems in an un- of past controls and prospects certain and changing climate. for new approaches. Scientists of the RMRS have contributed to publica- tion of a review and synthesis on white pines, Ribes, and blister rust in Forest Pathol- ogy (Shaw 2010). Richard Hunt, Pacific Forestry Centre; Kim Hummer, Agriculture Research Service; and Brian Geils, RMRS, organized Figure 1—The August 2010 issue of Forest Pathology preparation of this special is- reviews the scientific literature on white pines, Ribes, sue; Charles G. Shaw, now Figure 2a—High-elevation white pine (Pinus and their associated blister rust fungi. Pacific Northwest Research pumila) in Japan. 2 Search for the Evolutionary Genetic Conservation of White Genetic conservation is an impor- Origin of the White Pine Blister Pines Threatened by White Pine tant strategy for sustaining white pines threatened by white pine blister rust and Rust Pathogen Introduced into Blister Rust other stressors. RMRS scientists and co- North America a Century Ago operators are developing and applying Submitted by Bryce Richardson, Re- search Plant Geneticist, Provo, UT, 801- molecular and quantitative tools for in- Submitted by Bryce Richardson, Re- vestigating genetic diversity, correlations search Geneticist, Provo, UT, 801-356- 356-5112, [email protected]; among adaptive traits, and disease resis- 5112, [email protected]; Mee- Anna Schoettle, Research Plant Physi- Sook Kim, RMRS Collaborator, Seoul, ologist, Fort Collins, CO, 970-498-1333, tance in several species of white pines. South Korea, [email protected]; and Ned [email protected]; Mee-Sook Kim, Mee-Sook Kim and others (in press) ex- Klopfenstein, Research Plant Patholo- RMRS Collaborator, Seoul, South Ko- amined the range-wide genetic diversity gist, Moscow, ID, 208-883-2310, nklop- rea, [email protected]; and Brian Geils, of western white pine (Pinus monticola) [email protected] Research Plant Pathologist, 928-556- populations across the western United 2076, [email protected] States. In related studies, Bryce Rich- Since Cronartium ribicola was in- ardson and others (2009) demonstrated troduced to North America early last that spatial patterns of western white century, forest pathologists and geneti- pine derived from molecular and quanti- cists have searched for the evolutionary tative genetic data were congruent with and geographic source of the invasive regional climates. Anna Schoettle and pathogen, which causes the disease white others have developed genetic conserva- pine blister rust. Knowing the source of tion strategies for limber pine (P. flexilis) an invasive pathogen helps to prevent threatened by white pine blister rust, future introductions, determine mecha- mountain pine beetle, and climate change nisms of disease resistance in the host tree (Schoettle and others 2009). In addition populations, identify potential biological to screening families and populations of control agents, and develop appropri- limber pine and Rocky Mountain bristle- ate regulatory practices and methods to cone pine (P. aristata) for blister rust predict risks of related species. Because resistance and conducting adaptive traits pathogens typically cause only minimal studies, Schoettle and others are com- damage in the geographic area of their pleting a range-wide seed collection of origin, such areas can provide insights Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine. Brian for managing forests to prevent or miti- Figure 3a—Collection of western white pine samples for analysis of Geils and others are collaborating with gate impacts. Studies are underway to population genetics. Detlev Vogler (Pacific Southwest examine genetic relationships among geo- graphic sources of the stem rust fungi that cause white pine blister rust (Richardson and others 2010b).

Figure 2b—Surveys for white pine blister rust on Pedicularis sp. in Japan.

Figure 3b—Grouping of western white pine populations based on genetic marker phenotypes. 3 Science Notes cont. 2009a). Identifications will become more refined as the present distribution ofArmil - Research Station [PSW]) for resistance laria species becomes better documented. testing of southwestern white pine (P. flexilis var. reflexa) and Great Basin Genetic Relationships Among bristlecone pine (P. longaeva). Testing of Populations of Invasive Guava these white pines by Annette Delfino-Mix Rust (PSW) has revealed several resistance mechanisms, including a hypersensitive Submitted by Amy Ross-Davis, RMRS needle reaction and a robust bark reac- Collaborator, Moscow, ID, 208-883-2389, tion. Scientists are investigating whether [email protected]; Mee-Sook Kim, resistance to the invasive blister rust RMRS Collaborator, Seoul, South Ko- pathogen resulted from natural selection rea, [email protected]; and Ned Klopfen- for resistance to native pathogens. stein, Research Plant Pathologist, Mos- cow, ID, 208-883-2310, nklopfenstein@ fs.fed.us Progress Toward Predicting Potential Invasive Root-Disease Guava rust (Puccinia psidii) has recently generated serious concern in sev- Pathogens Figure 4b—An Armillaria root disease pathogen was collected from willow growing near the eral regions around the world. In Hawaii, Arctic Circle in Alaska. guava rust poses a severe threat to trees Submitted by Ned Klopfenstein, Re- search Plant Pathologist, Moscow, ID, of the Myrtaceae family that comprise 208-883-2310, [email protected]; in specific areas. RMRS scientists have nearly 80 percent of native forests. Be- John Hanna, Biological Science Labo- used DNA-based diagnostics to identify cause this pathogen also infests eucalypts, ratory Technician, Moscow, ID, 308-883- Armillaria and other pathogens in Mexico its potential damage could spread nearly 2347, [email protected]; and Mee-Sook (Cannon and others 2008; Kim and oth- worldwide. Scientists from Universidade Kim, RMRS Collaborator, Seoul, South ers 2010), Hawaii (Hanna and others Federal de Viçosa (Viçosa, Brazil), Wash- Korea, [email protected] 2007), and Alaska (Klopfenstein and oth- ington State University, the University of Armillaria root disease is caused by ers 2009b). These surveys will provide Hawaii, Forest Health Protection—Re- fungal pathogens in the genus Armil- baseline information for managing other gion 5, and RMRS are examining the laria. These pathogens have a worldwide potentially invasive Armillaria pathogens. population genetic structure of guava rust distribution and can infect most woody Bioclimatic modeling is then applied to in Brazil (its putative origin) and other plant species. Although many geo- identify which areas have a suitable cli- infested countries. The principal goal of graphic areas possess native Armillaria mate for each Armillaria pathogen. New this project is to identify which guava rust pathogens, movement of these pathogens approaches are being developed to iden- populations pose specific threat to native to new geographic areas poses an invasive tify areas with a projected suitable climate forests of Hawaii and eucalypt forests pathogen risk. National and international for these pathogens under various climate- worldwide (Graca and others 2010). collaborations with RMRS researchers are change scenarios (Klopfenstein and others providing a framework to address invasive forest pathogens. DNA-based diagnostics are first used to identifyArmillaria species

Figure 4a—The southern-most stand of Figure 4c—Surveys for Armillaria root Douglas-fir was surveyed for Armillaria disease in Hawaii. Figure 5a—Invasive guava rust (Puccinia psidii) root-disease pathogens in Oaxaca, infecting rose apple (Syzigium jambos) in Mexico. Hawaii. Photo by Forest Starr and Kim Starr; http://hear.org. 4 Fuel Treatments Alter Native Plant Composition and Increase Non-Native Plant Cover

Submitted by Suzanne Owen, Research Associate, RMRS/NAU, Flagstaff, AZ, 928-556-2193, [email protected] or [email protected] Slash-pile burning and mechanical mastication are commonly prescribed fuel treatments for wildfire mitigation. Re- searchers from Flagstaff, AZ, and Spain recently published an article in Forest Ecology and Management that compared effects of the treatments on understory plant composition in Colorado pinyon-ju- niper woodlands (Owen and others 2009). Results showed that slash-pile burns had a different plant community composition compared to untreated areas. Pile burns were dominated by exotic plant species Figure 5b—Widespread mortality of rose apple caused by guava rust in Hawaii. Photo by and had approximately six times less un- Forest Starr and Kim Starr; http://hear.org. derstory plant abundance and richness than untreated areas. Pile burns mainly New Pest Alert: The Green resembles a saw blade and is used by fe- consisted of exposed mineral soil, even 3.5 years post-treatment, and were sur- Alder males to “saw” into plants in order to lay eggs. If you see this , please contact rounded by a ring of non-native musk thistle (Carduus nutans). No differences Submitted by Justin Runyon, Research your State or Federal forest health spe- Entomologist, Bozeman, MT, 406-994- cialist. For more information see: http:// in plant cover or composition were ob- 4872, [email protected] www.fs.fed.us/r10/spf/fhp/pubs/Monso- served between mastication-treated areas maPestAlert.pdf. and untreated areas 6 months after treat- A new invasive insect, the green alder ment. Mastication areas 3.5 years after sawfly (), was posi- treatment had more plant cover and rich- tively identified for the first time in the ness than untreated areas or pile burns, United States from collections made in Alaska in 2009. Subsequently, the sawfly was found in Washington State along the Columbia River. The green alder sawfly is native to Eurasia and North Africa, where it feeds on European black alder. When discovered in Alaska, the saw- flies were defoliating thin-leaf alder. Adults emerge early in the spring (they are active by early April in Washington State and mid-May in Alaska) and lay Figure 6a—Green alder sawfly (Monsoma eggs into newly expanding alder leaves. pulveratum) larva. The green larvae emerge within two weeks and begin feeding; larvae are ca- pable of completely defoliating thin-leaf alder. The potential impact and spread of this sawfly is not known, but it poses a potential threat to riparian areas through- out the western United States. are related to bees and wasps (), but they can be distin- guished by the broad connection between the thorax and abdomen and the cater- pillar-like larvae. The common name, Figure 6b—Green alder sawfly adult. Photos Figure 7—Carduus nutans (musk thistle) is sawfly, is derived from the ovipositor that courtesy of Ken Zogas, USDA Forest found growing along the perimeter of slash Service, Region 10. pile burns. 5 Figure 8a—Field trip to Science Notes cont. Chilbadlo Island. From left: Dr. Hee-Young Chae, although non-native cheatgrass (Bromus Director of the Korean tectorum) cover was also greater. National Park Research Institute; Dr. Jong Min Mastication is the preferred short-term Kim, Senior Researcher method because it causes fewer distur- at the Korean National bances to understory plant communities Institute of Environmental than pile burning; however, long-term im- Research; Dr. Chung Il Choi, Vice-Chair, pacts of mastication warrant further study UNESCO Man and the as this practice could increase the cover of Biosphere Programme; cheatgrass, an especially problematic exot- and Dean Pearson, ic species. Results suggest that the manner Research Ecologist, RMRS. in which woody debris is treated following tree thinning has an important influence on native plant biodiversity.

New Publications Highlight Figure 8b—Korean scientists assess Swinhoe’s storm-petrels Invasive Weed Research killed by the invasive Japanese chaff flower (Achyranthes Submitted by Dean Pearson, Research japonica) on Chilbaldo Island. Ecologist, Missoula, MT, 406-542-4159, [email protected] Invasive Weeds Trap New papers by Pearson, Ortega, and other team members include information and Kill Birds on on the ecology and management of inva- Islands in South Korea sive weeds, the effects of persistence and retreatment intervals on residual herbicide Submitted by Dean Pearson, Research impact, the politics of funding biocontrol Ecologist, Missoula, MT, 406-542-4159, Combining Soil Disturbance [email protected] research, and the effects of invasive weeds Monitoring with Invasive Species on native predator-prey communities. Although native to East Asia, Japan, and Monitoring • Pearson and Ortega (2009) describe the some large islands around Japan, Japanese issues of weed ecology and manage- chaff flower is invasive on several seabird Submitted by Deb Page-Dumroese, Re- ment based on their extensive study of islands off the coast of Korea. The plant search Soil Scientist, Moscow, ID, 208- 883-2339, [email protected] the spotted knapweed invasion in west- kills petrels by ensnaring them within en- ern Montana. tangling seedheads. Adults are trapped With revision of the Forest Soil when they return to their burrows to feed • Pearson (2009a) describes issues re- Disturbance Monitoring Protocol (Page- their young, which soon parish for lack of lated to the ecology and management of Dumroese and others 2009a and 2009b), parental care. The plants also appear to re- biological invasions on oceanic islands. the presence of invasive species can now duce habitat for burrows. • Crone and others (2009) quantify side be more efficiently recorded during field Research Ecologist Dean Pearson, Mis- surveys. At the request of the National effects of a broadleaf herbicide treat- soula, recently gave the keynote address to ment for spotted knapweed on native the 3rd International Symposium on Mi- arrowleaf balsamroot demography. gratory Birds in Mokpo, South Korea. In • Maron and others (2010) describe how his presentation titled Seabirds in Danger: funding affects research on biocontrol Invasive Species and Conservation of Is- of weeds. land Ecosystems, he described the unique • Pearson (2009b) examines the subtle attributes of island ecosystems that influ- but extensive and complex effects of ence invasiveness and invasive species invasive weeds on higher trophic levels management. The symposium speakers of native species by simply changing from the United States, Russia, Spain, vegetation architecture. New Zealand, Australia, Japan, and South Korea toured the island biosphere reserve of Shinan County. They also consulted with South Korean scientists and the Korea National Park Service employees who are establishing invasive species management programs to protect diverse and fragile is- land ecosystems. Figure 9—A researcher prepares to collect soil monitoring data. 6 Forest System, field forms used by sum- In 2006, the USDA Forest Service Re- Review of Non-Native Invasive mer crews and soil scientists now provide search and Development Invasive Species Species’ Impacts on U.S. Forests a check for presence/absence of invasive Strategic Program Area obtained input species and an entry for specific names. from a formal peer review of diverse Submitted by Mee-Sook Kim, RMRS More information is available at: http:// user groups in order to develop long-term Collaborator, Seoul, South Korea, forest.moscowfsl.wsu.edu/smp/solo/Info- planning for the program. The Invasive [email protected] Path/monitoring/documents.php. Species Strategy was revised to reflect this Several authors from Federal and State guidance, and research efforts were pri- institutions produced a collaborative re- oritized to address the future challenges USDA Forest Service Delineates view on impacts of non-native invasive to managers. As a result of this process, a Future Invasive Species species on U.S. forests (Moser and others publication series was produced (Dix and 2009). This review addresses ecological, Research Opportunities and Britton 2010) that includes 12 visionary economic, and social impacts of invasive Priorities papers developed to address future inva- species such as pathogens, , plants, sive species research issues and priorities. and aquatic organisms in forests. Recom- Submitted by Ned Klopfenstein, Re- RMRS scientists contributed to papers on search Plant Pathologist, Moscow, ID, mendations for policy and management overarching priorities (Britton and others 208-883-2310, [email protected]. are provided. us; Mee-Sook Kim, RMRS Collabora- 2010), terrestrial (Finch and oth- tor, Seoul, South Korea, [email protected]. ers 2010), plant pathogens (Klopfenstein us; Carolyn Hull Sieg, Research Plant and others 2010), aquatic invasive species Ecologist, Flagstaff, AZ, 928-556-2151, (Adams and others 2010), impacts of in- [email protected]; and Deborah Finch, vasive species on water (McCormick and Research Wildlife Biologist, Albuquer- others 2010), and invasive plants (Sieg que, NM, 505-724-3671, [email protected]. and others 2010). us Technology Transfer & Outreach Activities

Additions to the Fire Effects • summarize available information on Eragrostis curvula weeping lovegrass invasive plant responses to fire; Euonymus alatus winged burning bush Information System Website Euonymus fortunei wintercreeper • describe how plant invasions can alter Frangula alnus glossy buckthorn Submitted by Jane Kapler Smith, fuels and, in some cases, fire regimes; Glechoma hederacea ground-ivy Ecologist, Missoula, MT, 406-329-4805, and Heracleum mantegazzianum giant hogweed [email protected]; and Corey Gucker, Holcus lanatus common velvetgrass • describe if/how fire may be used to Iris pseudacorus pale-yellow iris Biological Science Technician, Missou- manage invasive species. Isatis tinctoria dyer’s woad la, MT, 406-829-6898, [email protected]. Melia azedarach chinaberry us FEIS provides reviews of over 160 in- Melilotus alba white sweetclover vasive plant species (see the list at http:// Melilotus officinalis yellow sweetclover The Fire Effects Information System www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/ Morus alba white mulberry (FEIS) provides concise, in-depth re- Nandina domestica sacred bamboo weed/weedpage.html). By January 2011, views of the available scientific literature Paederia foetida skunkvine the close of the “eastern weeds” project, regarding basic biology and fire ecology Paulownia tomentosa princesstree reviews of 30 to 40 additional invasive Phragmites australis common reed of more than 1100 plant and spe- plant species will be completed. Invasive Phyllostachys aurea golden bamboo cies. Managers use FEIS in planning for Polygonum × bohemicum Bohemian knotweed species reviewed since January 2008 in- post-fire rehabilitation, fire use in eco- Polygonum cuspidatum Japanese knotweed clude: system maintenance and restoration, and Polygonum perfoliatum mile-a-minute Polygonum sachalinense giant knotweed other management. With support from Aegopodium podagraria goatweed Albizia julibrissin mimosa Robinia pseudoacacia black locust Forest Service Fire and Aviation Man- Ampelopsis brevipedunculata porcelainberry Rubus phoenicolasius wineberry agement and the Department of Interior, Berberis thunbergii Japanese barberry Solanum dulcamara bittersweet nightshade FEIS writers and editors continually up- Berberis vulgaris common barberry Solanum viarum tropical soda apple Tanacetum vulgare common tansy date and add to the system. A project that Cirsium palustre marsh thistle Coronilla varia crownvetch Tragopogon dubius yellow salsify is underway and is supported by the Joint Cynanchum louiseae black swallow-wort Typha latifolia broadleaf cattail Fire Science Program involves reviewing Cynanchum rossicum pale swallow-wort Verbascum thapsus common mullein species identified by eastern U.S. land Dioscorea alata water yam Vinca major bigleaf periwinkle Vinca minor common periwinkle managers as invasive in their area. Inva- Dioscorea bulbifera air yam Dioscorea pentaphylla fiveleaf yam Wisteria floribunda Japanese wisteria sive species reviews in FEIS: Dioscorea polystachya Chinese yam Wisteria sinensis Chinese wisteria • summarize ecological and botanical (D. oppositifolia) Dioscorea sansibarensis Zanzibar yam principles that apply to fire effects on Dipsacus fullonum common teasel plant invasion; Dipsacus laciniatus cut-leaved teasel 7 Outreach Activities cont.

New Website for Invasive Aquatic Species in Region 4

Submitted by Emily Leavitt, Biological Science Aid, Region 4, Boise, ID, 208- 373-4345, [email protected] The RMRS Boise Aquatic Sciences Lab has established the following website for invasive aquatic species: http://www. fs.fed.us/rm/boise/research/techtrans/ Figure 10b—The kids enjoyed the hike and invasive_species.shtml. It contains rel- Figure 10a—RMRS Botanist Jennie Birdsall led a hike for the B2BC Community Education were very interested to learn new things evant publications and briefing papers for and Awareness Speaker Series. about plants and insects. diverse topics relating to invasive aquatic species. of these techniques over the past 4 to 5 information delivery to diverse user years, so it was possible to see the impact groups (Butler and others 2009). This Bridger to Bangtail Coalition— of the applied weed control methods. Jen- publication contains summaries of taxa- B2BC Weed Hike nie’s (fig. 10a) background includes over specific invasive species research for 15 years of field experience in researching plants, plant pathogens, insects, aquatic Submitted by Jennie Birdsall, Botanist, weed control for the Forest Service and species, and terrestrial vertebrates. In ad- Bozeman, MT, 404-994-4853, jbirdsall@ other Federal agencies, which allowed dition, this publication contains an RMRS fs.fed.us her to provide a long-term perspective on Invasive Species Expertise Directory that The hike, conducted in July 2009, weed control. lists scientists, their contact information, hosted Bozeman, MT, residents who and their areas of expertise. were interested in weed control. Many of Invasive Species Working Copies available from: Richard Schnei- the weeds common to the area were locat- Group: Research Summary and der, RMRS Publications, rschneider@ fs.fed.us; or at http://www.treesearch. ed, and a variety of control methods were Expertise Directory Available discussed, including biological controls fs.fed.us/pubs/34540. (insects), spraying, pulling, mowing, and The RMRS ISWG recently published cultivating. Property owner/hosts Gary a Research Summary and Expertise Di- and Pauline Sager have applied some rectory that is devoted to facilitating

Ask The Expert

Q: Will climate change influence invasive species?

Submitted by John Hanna, Biological Technician, USDA Forest Service, Moscow, ID

A: Climate is a fundamental factor that determines the distribution of most species, so climate change will affect invasive species. A climate-habitat matching approach provides a simple ap- proximation to the expected potential distribution of an invasive species. First, the climate of the geographic area where a species presently survives is characterized; then, a climate model proj- ects where this suitable-climate space could potentially occur under a specified climate scenario. Several factors contribute to the uncertainty of such predictions. Climate and biological systems are complex and highly interactive (see Kliejunas and others 2009). In addition to climate, invasive species are affected by such ecological contingencies as the availability of colonization sites (for example, hosts for parasites), competition, interference, and barriers to dispersal. Over time, biogeographical processes (evolution, migration, and metapopulation dynamics) are also important. Many factors are affected by climate differently than the invasive species of interest. Change will occur, but it is difficult to predict what changes will occur with certainty.

Please submit your “Ask the Expert” questions to Brian ([email protected]) or Ned ([email protected]).

8 Publication News

Adams, S.B.; Burnett, K.M.; Bisson, P.; Dix, M.E.; Britton, K., eds. 2010. A Kim, M.-S.; Richardson, B.A.; McDonald, Harvey, B.; Nislow, K.H.; Rieman, B.E.; dynamic invasive species research G.I.; Klopfenstein, N.B. In press. Rinne, J. 2010. The role of the Forest vision: Opportunities and priorities Genetic diversity and structure of Service in aquatic invasive species 2009-29. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-79. western white pine (Pinus monticola) research. In: Dix, M.E.; Britton, K., eds. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of in North America: A baseline study A dynamic invasive species research Agriculture, Forest Service, Research and for conservation, restoration, and vision: Opportunities and priorities Development. 130 p. addressing impacts of climate change. 2009-29. Gen. Tech. Report WO-79. Tree Genetics and Genomics: In press. Finch, D.M.; Pearson, D.; Wunderle, J.; Washington, DC: U.S. Department of DOI: 10.1007/s11295-010-0311-0. Arendt, W. 2010. Terrestrial animals Agriculture, Forest Service, Research Available: http://www.springerlink.com/ in the invasive species strategy and Development: 55-66. content/b5433424671444j8/fulltext.pdf. plan. In: Dix, M.E.; Britton, K., eds. Bateman, H.L.; Chung-MacCoubrey, A dynamic invasive species research King, J.N.; David, A.; Noshad, D.; Smith, J. A.; Snell, H.L.; Finch, D.M. 2009. vision: Opportunities and priorities 2010. A review of genetic approaches to Abundance and species richness of 2009-29. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-79. the management of blister rust in white snakes along the Middle Rio Grande Washington, DC: U.S. Department of pines. Forest Pathology 40(3-4): 292-313. riparian forest in New Mexico. Agriculture, Forest Service, Research and Kliejunas, J.T.; Geils, B.W.; Glaeser, J.M.; Herpetological Conservation and Development: 43-54. Goheen, E.M.; Hennon, P.; Kim, M.-S.; Biology 4(1): 1-8. Geils, B.W.; Hummer, K.E.; Hunt, R.S. 2010. Kope, H.; Stone, J.; Sturrock, R.; Frankel, Britton, K.O.; Buford, M.; Burnett, K.; Dix, White pines, Ribes, and blister rust: A S.J. 2009. Review of literature on climate M.E.; Frankel, S.J.; Keena, M.; Kim, M.-S.; review and synthesis. Forest Pathology change and forest diseases of western Klopfenstein, N.B.; Ostry, M.E.; Sieg, C. 40(3-4): 147-185. North America. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW- Hull. 2010. Invasive species overarching GTR-225. Albany, CA: U.S. Department Graca, R.N.; Ross-Davis, A.L.; Kim, M.-S.; priorities to 2029. In: Dix, M.E.; Britton, of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Alfenas, A.C.; Peever, T.L.; Cannon, P.G.; K., eds. A dynamic invasive species Southwest Research Station. 54 p. Klopfenstein, N.B. 2010. Molecular research vision: Opportunities and population genetics of guava rust Klopfenstein, N.B.; Juzwik, J.; Ostry, M.E.; priorities 2009-29. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO- (Puccinia psidii): An invasive pathogen Kim, M.-S.; Zambino, P.J.; Venette, R.C.; 79. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of native Hawaiian forests and a Richardson, B.E.; Lundquist, J.E.; Lodge, of Agriculture, Forest Service, Research potential threat to eucalypts world- D.J.; Glaeser, J.A.; Frankel, S.J.; Otrosina, and Development: 3-11. wide. In: Moricca, S., comp. Program and W.J.; Spaine, P.; Geils, B.W. 2010. Butler, J.; Pearson, D.; Kim, M.-S., tech. abstracts of the IUFRO 4th international Invasive forest pathogens: Current and eds. 2009. Invasive species working rusts of forest trees working party future roles of Forest Service Research group: Research summary and conference; 2010 May 3-6, Università and Development. In: Dix, M.E.; Britton, expertise directory. Fort Collins, CO: degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy: 31. K., eds. A dynamic invasive species U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest research vision: Opportunities and Hanna, J.W.; Klopfenstein, N.B.; Kim, M.- Service, Rocky Mountain Research priorities 2009-29. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO- S. 2007. 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RMRS-RP-76. change, and developing international 40(3-4): 402-417. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department collaborations in forest pathology. In: Kim, M.-S.; Klopfenstein, N.B.; Hanna, of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky McWilliams, M.G.; Palaciou, P.; Quinney, J.W.; Cannon, P.; Medel, R.; López, A. Mountain Research Station. 10 p. S.J.; Quinney, J.E., comps. Proceedings 2010. First report of Armillaria root Klopfenstein, N.B.; Lundquist, J.E.; Hanna, of the 55th western international forest disease caused by Armillaria tabescens J.W.; Kim, M.-S.; McDonald, G.I. 2009b. disease work conference; 2007 October on Araucaria araucana in Veracruz, First report of Armillaria sinapina, 15-19, Sedona, AZ. Salem, OR: Oregon Mexico. Plant Disease 94: 274. a cause of Armillaria root disease, Department of Forestry: 29-39. Kim, M.-S.; Klopfenstein, N.B.; Ota, Y.; Lee, associated with a variety of tree hosts Crone, E.E.; Marler, M.; Pearson, D.E. S.K.; Woo, K.S.; Kaneko, S. 2010. White on sites with diverse climates in Alaska. 2009. Non-target effects of broadleaf pine blister rust in Korea, Japan and Plant Disease 93: 111. herbicide on a native perennial forb: A other Asian regions: Comparisons and Maron, J.L.; Pearson, D.E.; Hovick, S.M.; demographic framework for assessing implications for North America. Forest Carson, W.P. 2010. Funding needed for and minimizing impacts. Journal of Pathology 40(3-4): 382-401. assessments of weed biological control. Applied Ecology 46: 673-682. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 8: 122-123. 9 McCormick, F.H.; Contreras, G.C.; Johnson, Richardson, B.A.; Ekramoddoullah, A.K.M.; Smith, D.M; Finch, D.M.; Hawksworth, S.L. 2010. Effects of nonindigenous Liu, J.-J.; Kim, M.-S.; Klopfenstein, N.B. D.L. 2009. Black-chinned hummingbird invasive species on water quality and 2010a. Current and future molecular nest-site selection and nest survival quantity. 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Biology and pathology Crocker, S.J.; Dix, M.E.; Gray, A.N.; Ice, structure of the white-pine-blister-rust of Ribes and their implications for G.G.; Kim, M.-S.; Reid, R.; Rodman, fungus, Cronartium ribicola. In: Noshad, management of white pine blister rust. S.U.; McWilliams, W.H. 2009. Impacts D.; Noh, E.W.; King, J.; Sniezko, R.A., Forest Pathology 40(3-4): 264-291. of nonnative invasive species on U.S. eds. Breeding and genetic resources of forests and recommendations for policy five-needle pines. Proceedings of the Zeglen, S.; Pronos, J.; Merler, H. 2010. and management. Journal of Forestry conference 2008; Yangyang, Korea. Silvicultural management of white 107: 320-327. Korea Forest Research Institute: 56-60. pines in western North America. Forest Pathology 40(3-4): 347-368. Ostry, M.E.; Laflamme, G.; Katovich, S.A. Richardson, B.A.; Rehfeldt, G.E.; Kim, M.- 2010. Silvicultural approaches for S. 2009. 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Forest soil disturbance Noshad, D.; Noh, E.W.; King, J.; Sniezko, monitoring protocol: Vol. I: Rapid R.A., eds. Breeding and genetic resources assessment. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-82a. of five-needle pines. Proceedings of the Washington, DC: U.S. Department of conference 2008; Yangyang, Korea. Agriculture, Forest Service. 31 p. Korea Forest Research Institute: 63-65. Page-Dumroese, D.S.; Abbott, A.M.; Rice, Schwandt, J.W.; Lockman, I.B.; Kliejunas, T.M. 2009b. Forest soil disturbance J.T.; Muir, J.A. 2010. Current health monitoring protocol: Vol. II: issues and management strategies for Supplementary methods, statistics, and white pines in the western United States data collection. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO- and Canada. Forest Pathology 40(3-4): 82b. Washington, DC: U.S. Department 226-250. of Agriculture, Forest Service. 64 p. Sieg, C. Hull; Denslow, J.S.; Huebner, C.D.; Pearson, D.E. 2009a. Biological invasions Miller, J.H. 2010. The role of the Forest on oceanic islands: Implications for Service in nonnative invasive plant island ecosystems and avifauna. In: research. In: Dix, M.E.; Britton, K., eds. Proceedings of the 3rd international A dynamic invasive species research symposium on migratory birds. vision: Opportunities and priorities “Seabirds in danger: Invasive species 2009-29. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-79. and conservation of island ecosystems.” Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Keynote address; 2009 September 25, Agriculture, Forest Service, Research and Mokpo, Korea: 3-14. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits Development: 35-41. discrimination in all its programs and activities on the Pearson, D.E. 2009b. Invasive plant basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and Shaw, C.G. 2010. Foreword. Forest architecture alters trophic interactions where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, Pathology 40(3-4): 145-146. parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic by changing predator abundance and information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any behavior. Oecologia 159: 549-55 Smith, D.M.; Finch, D.M.; Gunning, C.; public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases Jemison, R.; Kelly, J.F. 2009. Post- apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who Pearson, D.E.; Ortega, Y.K. 2009. Managing wildfire recovery of riparian vegetation require alternative means for communication of program invasive plants in natural areas: Moving information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should during a period of water scarcity in the contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 beyond control. In: Columbus, F., ed. southwestern USA. Fire Ecology Special (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, Weeds: Management, economic impacts write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Issue 5(1): 38-55. Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, DC 20250- and biology. Nova Publishers, NY: 1-21. 9410, or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

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