DEFEAT of the SEMINOLE INDIANS, &C

1818.] DEFEAT OF THE SEMINOLE INDIANS, &c. 681 the powers necessary to give it effect. Thie season of the yeur being Unf'avorable to active l pratIlos, ti(l the-re- cesses of the country affording shelter to these savages, case of retreat, Invy pIevent a proifiit termingititon of the war, but it may be fairly presumed that it will not be long before this tribe atl iti associates receive the pinshmenit which they have provoked and justly merited. As almost the whole of this tribe inhabits tho country thewfinh linjts of Florida,' Spa n.awabnd, iy ihe treaty of 1795, to restrain them from committing hostilities against the Uiilted States. .We have seen with Oigr,.t that her Government has altogether failed to fulfil this obligation, nor are we aware thit it has made any effort to that effect. When we consider her utter-inability to check, even in the slightest degree, the movements of this tribe, by her very small and incompetent force in Florida, we are not disposedl to ascribe tho failure to any ot er cause. The inability, however, ot Spain to maintain her authority over the territory and Indians within her'llin ts, and in consequence to fulfil the treaty, ought not to expos, the United States to other and greater ljuries. Whenltn the authority of Spain ceases to exist there, the United State. have a right to pursue their enemy, on an principle, of' self-defence. In this instance, the right is more complete and obvious, because we shall perform otily what Spain was bound to have performed herself. To the high obligations an(l privileges o this great and sacred 'right of self- defence will the Miovement of our troops be strictly confined. Orders have been given to the General inii command not to enter Florida, unless it be in the pursuit of the enemy, andl(, in that case, to respect the Spanish nauthoriity wherever it is maintained; and he will be instructed to withdraw his forces roin the province as soon as he shal have reduced that tribe to order, and secure our fellow-citizens in that quarter, by satisfactory arrangements, against its unprovoked and savage hostilities in fututi. JAMES MONROE.

151h CoNORESS.] No. 164. r.2d SEsSION.

DEFEAT OF THE SEMINOLE INDIANS-CAPTURE OF SPANISH POSTS IN FLORIDA-AND THE TRIAL. AND EXECUTION OF ARBUTHNOT AND AM BRISTER.

COMMUNICATED TO CONGRESS, BY THE PRESIDENT OF TIlE UNITED STATES, WITH llIS OPENING MESSAGE OF TIIE 17Tn OF NOVEMBER, 1818. Extract of a letterfrom R. Sands, commanding Fort Gaines, to the officer of Fort Hawkins, dated FEIn1RUARY 2, 1817. When the colonel, with the troops, left Fort Scott, he gave the buildings in charge of one of the 1Perrymans, from whoin I have just received a letter, handed me by his brother, who arrive(l here after I had commenced writing this. Perryman states in his letter that the Red Sticks, (or hostiles) after we had left the fort. came in companies, and carried off every thing we had left with him, and what he had purchased of Butler, burnt three houses, and threatened, if he did not leave the place, to burn it over his head. lie got what ftew articles lie could, with his family, in a canoe, and came to his brother's, who informs me that there is at present about three hundred Indians embodied at the Forks, and others constantly joining them. Ile does not know their intentions, but understood a party was going out to steal horses, &c. This morning, (3d,) one of the settlers waited on nme to advise in what manner to act. as eight or ten Indians had been at his house, and ordered him off; telling him that in six days they would come back, and, if he was not gone, they would drive him away.

Extract qf a letterfrom the Governor of Georgia to General Gaines, dated MILLEDGEVILLE, February 5, 1817. You, no doubt, have already been informed that the notorious Woodbine has recently made his appearance again at the mouth of the Appalachicola, and that lie has an agent now among the Seminole Indians andl neroes in that quarter, stirring them tip to acts of hostility against this country; and that Woodbine himself has gone, in an armed vessel, to some part of the West Indies for supplies. Connected with this fact is another., which may serve as an intimation of the future conduct of these people, when once in possession of the supplies which it is said they expect on the return of Woodbine. About ten or twelve days ago, a small party of those Indians entered the frontier of Wayne county, and stole two horses and some cattle. They were pursued by some of the inhabitants, who peaceably demanded a restoration of the stolen property; and, instead of' a compliance on the part of' the Indians, they immediately fired upon the whites, who retire(l without returning a shot. One of the whites was mortally wounded.

Copy of a letterfrom General Gaines to the Governor of Georgia, dated MILLEDGEVILLE, February 5, 1817. I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your excellency's letter of this date. The facts which you have been pleased to communicate, in relation to the late hostile conduct of the Seminole Indians, must and shall receive my imme(liate and particular attention. I am not authorized to change the destination of the 4th infantry, but, should I receive no authority to recall a part of that corps, I shall oriler one or two companies of artillery (to do duty as infantry) from Charleston to the southern frontier of this State, with instructions to check Indian hostilities, and at the same time to remove from Indian land such intruders as may remain, after being duly notified to remove.

Extract of a letterfrom George Perryman to Lieutenant Sands, dated iFEBRUARY 24, 1817. The charge given me by Colonel Clinch and yourself, and other officers of the United States, induces me to believe there is a confidence placed in me which I ought not' to deceive. I therefore think it my duty, as well as inclination, to give you the following information: my here was a friend of mine not long since in the Fowltown, on Flint, and he saw many horses, cattle, and hogs, that had come immediately from the State of Georgia, and they are bringing them away continually. They speak a i A ..f ,I v nC P. - - 682 MliLAltIt AirlA^Jl&0. 111& in the most contemptuous manner of the Americans, and threaten to have satisfaction for what has been done- meanin' the dIestructionl of the negro .frt. There is another of my acquaintances returned immediately from the Semino'Te towns, and saw thie ineroes oi parade there. lie counted about six hundred that bore arms.. lhey have chosen officers of every description, anid endeavor to keep utip a regular discipline, and are very strict in punishing violators of their military rules. There is said to be about the same number of' Indians belonging to their party, ant there are both negroes and I ldians (daily going to their standard. T1hey say they are in complete fix for fighting, with itor Mclntosh's troops; they would let them know they )had and wish tin engagement tihe Americans, and something more to (1o than they had at Appalachicola. They have chosen Bowlegs for their head, nominated him King, and him all kind of monarchical respect, almost to idolatry, keeping a picket guard at the distance of five inile%. pay are one or two chiefs are not of the Theyl' have a number of thile likeliest American horses; but there who choir. Kenhijah, the Missioukey chief', is one that is an exception.

Copy of a letterfrom .lrchibald Clarke, Intcndant, St. Mary's, Georgia, to General Gaines, dated S.3ai: FEBRUARY 26, 1817. In consequence ol'a recent and most obnoxious act perpetrated by a party of Indians, (supposed to be of the Lower Creeks,) in this county, in thlie murder of an unfortunate white *'oman and her two infant children, by which the defenceless inhabitants on our frontier have been thrown into a distressing state of alarm, I avail mLyself of the earliest opportunity 'in giving information that may be relied on, under the fullest assurance that immediate measures willI be to and prevent a repetition of such cruel and barbarous acts. adopted guard near On the . ilth instant. the houseof'a MrN'. Garret, residing in the upper part of this county, thile boundary ol' Wayne county, was attacked during his absence, near the middle of the day, by this party, consisting of about fif. teen, wlieo shot Mrs. Garret in two places, and then despatched her by stabbing and scalping. Iler two children (one about three years, the other two months) were also murdered, aid thle eldest scalped. Fhe house was then plundered of every article of value, and set on fire. A young man in this neighborhood, hearing the report of guns, went immediately towards the house, where hie discovered the murdered family. The times having only corn.m menced, they were extinguished, and hlie spread the alarm. The workmen from my mills and a few others assembled to pursue; but, having but tew arms, and not otherwise equipped, their pursuit proved fruitless. The Indians were tracked as far as the men dared venture. Their course was parallel with the western branch of Spanish creek, which induces the belief of their being Indians of the lower tribes. On this open, exteniive, and entirely unprotected frontier, the poor and innocent inhabitants have ever been ex. posedl to these calaomities. Ret presentation after reprt'esentation to thle several Governors of' this State, of cruel and unprovoked murders in this quarter by (lthe Indiains, have been made. A momentary disposition was manifested to afford relieff; but a little time, however, would elapse before the alarm would subside, andt the subject never more thou ht of, nltifl again revived by an occurrence such as I have just related. 'lo you, sirt, therefore, the inhabitants on the frontier, as well as others, through me, appeal lor some protection. A small detachment of troops upon the head of the St. Mary's would answer a most valuable purpose, by at once checking the inroads of' ihe savages, and preventing our abandoned and unprotected citizens iro1m adventuring into the Indian country, and driving in herds of cattle.

Copy of a letterfrom R. ,Irbuthnot to the officer commanding at Fort Gaines, dated Sill: OKOLOKNE SOUND, March 3, 1817. I amldesired by Peter McQueen, an unfortunate Indian chief, who was some years since obliged to fly from thile town ol'Tiucky Batche, on the 'T'allapoohatlch river, to claim of your friendship the delivery of a negro man named Joe, (taken away fromn him since the peace,) wlhon he stated to be in Fort Gaines. When McQueen left Tucky Batchte, his property was considerable, both in negroes and cattle; of the former, ten grown negroes were taken by a half-breed nian named Barney, nine of which, he learns, were sold, and one (a girl) is still in possession of said Barney. 1'wenty able negroes were taken by a chief named Colonel, or Auchi Ilatche, who acts also as an interpreter; and as lie never had possession of any of those persons' property, nor ever did them an injury to his knowledge, hie claims, as a further proof of your friendship, that you will use your influence in procuring those negroes furh1iin; and, should they be given upl) by thlie persons holding them, there is one fiaithfl'ul negro among them, named Charles, who will bring t.em to him at Okolokne river. The Anmerican heaTdmen and officers that were accustomed to live near him can testify to his civility and good fellowship with them, and there are none of them, lie is convinced, that would riot serve him if in their power. As he owes nothing, nor ever took any person's property, none have a right to retain his; and lie hopes that, through your influence, those persons now holding his negroes will be induced to give them up. While I am thus advocating the cause of an unfortunate individual, allow me to claim an extension of your phil- anthropy to all tie Indians within your circle, by your representing to them the folly of their quarrels, and that they ought to live quietly and peaceablly with each other. The Lower Creeks seem to wish to live peaceably and quietly, and in good friendship with the others; but there are some designing and evil-minded persons, self-interested, who are endeavoring to create quarrels between the iUpper and Lower Creek Indians, contrary to their interest, their happiness, and welfare. Such people belong to no nation, and ought not to be countenanced by any Government. Thlie head chief's request I will inquire of' you why American settlers are descending the Chatahoochee, driving the poor Indian from his habitation, and taking possession of' his home and cultivated fields? Without authority, I can claim nothing of you; but a humane and philanthropic spirit guiding me, I hope the same will influence you; and if such is really the case, and that the line marked out by the treaty between Great Britain and the United States respecting the /ndian nations has been infringed upon by the subjects oft the latter, to them and its continuance. that you will represent their improper conduct, prevent . I hold in my possession a letter received from the Governor of' New Providence, addressed to him by His Bri- tannic Majesty's chief-'secretary, informing him of the orders given to the British ambassador at Washington, to watch over the interests of the Indian nations, and see that their rights are faithfully attended to and protected, agreeably to the treaty of peace made between the British and Americans. ere this is arrived at New Providence a from Great Britain with authority to act I am in hopes that there person out as agent for the Indiun nation; and, it' so, it will devolve on him to see that the boundary lines, as marked by the treaty, are riot infringed upon. I hope you will riot think these observations, made by desire of the chiefs, any improper interference, and re questing the favor of an answer, I am respectfully, &c. P. S. McQueen states that the offspring of the negroes when he left Tucky Batche, were seven of those taken by Barney, and none of those taken by Auchi Hatche, and he supposes they have increased. 1818&] DEFEAT OF THE SEMINOLE INDIANS, &c. 683

Copy f a letter from Lieutenant Richard M. Sand.,, fourth infantjry, commanding. at Fort Gaines, Georgia, to Colonel William King, or officer commanding thefourth regiment ofinfantry, dated MARCH 15, 1817. SIR: I enclose? for your information, two letters which I received a few d(lays since. Yesterday, William Perry- man, accomLpanied by two of tile lower chiefs, arrived here. He informs me that McQueen, the chief mentioned in one of the enclosed letters, is at present one of the heads of the hostiles; that they are anxious for war, and have latelymurdered a woman and two children. lie likewise says that he expects the news in George Perryman's letter is true, for there are talks going through the iywns that the En.tlish are to be at Okoloking river in three months. I have sent an Indian runner to Okoloking, to ascertain what preparations the hostiles are making. I have the honor to be, &c.

Extract of a letter from I)avid B. Mitchell, Indian agent, to the Secretary of War, dated MILLEDGEVILLE, GE.ORGIA, March 30, 1817. By yesterday's mail I received a letter from Mr. Timothy Barnard, who resides on Flint river, in the Indian country, a considerable distance below the agency, in which he observes: " I have been informed two days past, from below, where the Red Stick class reside, that a party has been down near St. Mary's, and murdered a woman and two children, and brought off sonime horses. I have heard fort some time past that the Red Stick party have commenced their Red Stick dancings again, which is a proof lhat they mean to commnence hostilities. Our lorts, Crawford andtGaines, having been evacuated, I believe, has been the cause of this Red Stick class beginning again to commence hostilities. They think that our troops were afraid to continue theree.' 'The murder of the woman and two children, spoken of by Mr. Barnard, had been previously communicated to mte by the magistrates of Camden county; and I have no doubt but it was perpetrated in retaliation for the killing of an Indian about three or four weeks previous, on the Florida side of the St. Mary's river, by some worthless white men who reside on the frontiers of hat Florida, and who live by plunder. ThIey have, for some timei past, been a perfect nuisance to the frontier of Georgia, in that quarter; and, although repeated complaints of their bad conduct have been made to the Governor of the province, yet, either from the want of ability or inclination, they have not been suppressed; but I believe that their impunity is attributable to the first, viz: inability on his part to apprehend and punish ltem.i 'The sin-le fact of this murder being easily accounted f'or on the Indian principle of' retaliation, I should dread no further bad consequences from it; but the oilierbeacts statld by Mr. Barnard can only b)e attributed to ait settled plan of hostility on tlhe part of the Indians, and that such a (disposition has been encouraged by thile removal of the troops from Camp CrawfIbrd. And I have the inore reliance upon fthe intelligence as coming from Mr. Barnard, who has resided nearly fifty years in the Indian country, and is perfectly well acquainted with their habits and cus- toms, and whose family connexion gives him the best and surest oiceans of correct itformination. As an additional inducement to this measure, I will further state that I have received information from other persons at and near 'Fort Gaines, that a British agent is now among these hostile Indians. alnd that he has been send- mng insolent messages to the friendly Indians and white men settled above the Spanidh line. lie is also charged with stimulating the Indians to their present hostile aspect; but, whether hlie is an acknowledged agent of any fore gna Power, or a mere adventurer, I do not pretend to dettetrminie, but am disposed to believe him the latter. But be that as it may, and let the hostile disposition of the Iandians proceed I'rom what it may, a moderate regular force stationed at Camip Crawford, or any other suitable position in that quarter, will, I am confident, keep all quiet, and without it some serious mischief will result.

Extract of a letterfrom General Gaines to the Secretary of [lzr, dated C£'.i MONT(;GOMFRY, M.t. ./tpril 3, 1817. I received by the last mail a letter from Archibald Clarke, Esquire, intendant of' the town of St. Mary's, by which it appears ;hat another outrage ofl'u common cruelty hai.s rece ntly beenIperpetrated by a party of Indians upon the Southern 'rontier, near the boundary ol' Wayne county. 'They have massacred a woman (Mrs. Garrett) and two ol' her children; the mother and eldest child were scalped, the house plundered and burnt.

MONTGOMERY, .//pt 3, 1817. SIR; The enclosed letter contains some additional information upon the subject of my communication of this date. Most respectfully, &c. EDMUND P. GAINES. honorable the SECRETARY OF WAR. FORT GINERAI. GAINES: GAINES. I am requested by all the citizens to inform you of our situation, believing that no communication has been forwarded a detail of the striction. giving information received, our distress, and the prospect of approaching de- We are hourly told, by every source of information, by the friendly Indians, by letters from William Hambiy and Edmund Doyle, who reside low down on the Appalachicola, that all thie lower tribes of Indians are embodied, and are drying their meats to come on to the attack of' this ost. The British agent at Oakelockines Sound is giving Presents to the Indiians. We have among us Indians who have been down, and' received powder, lead, tomahawks, knives, and a drutm for each town, with the royal coat of arms painted on it. We have. at this time, at least live hundred Indians skulking in this neighborhood, within three or lour miles of us, who will not act for themselves, and who are evidently waiting the signal to strike an effectual blow. They have stolen almost every horse belonging to tihe citizens. They have scared them f'rom the fields which they have cleared, and have taken possession of their houses.'1hey are now stealing horses, cattle, and hogs, from the and have killed one or two families on the St. Tillas. Georgia lines, The citizens have all assembled near the fort, not able to return to the States, nor no prospect of making crops. The Indians have all returned to their towns below the line, and this post is unable to remove them. The troops ae scarce of provisions, and no prospect of the early arrival of more. Nothing but speedy relief, by troops, can quiet the people, or save this country from destruction. Respectfully, your most obedient humble servant, A. CULLOH. 684 MILITARY AFFAIRS.

Copyj of a letterfrom G. Leftwich, a'utant seventh infantry, to General Gaines, dated CAMP MONroOMERY, M. T. July 28, 1817. 1iR: Agreeably to your instructions of thile s6th instant, I proceeded to the Burnt Corn Spring, near the place where lte recent murder was committed b)y an In(dian; andl from the best information received, I have the honor to make the following report: the Indians and the citizen . It does not appearthat atiny misunderstanding existedI between killed, (Mr.Glass.) 2. It appears (int the Indian's made the first assault, and that without any provocationo, the part ofthe citiens. 3. From the information received. it appears that Mr. Glass heard four or live guns fire soine short distance from his house; he was under the impression that the Indians were doing some mischief, and went out fIo the purpose or ascertaining what the firing was at; hfe had proceeded but a short distancee when he discoveredanl Indian woman, he wentr towards her and inquired if' she knew who it waethat was shooting; shte Imade him no answer he asked her several imi t'samireceivedanmmno %wer. Shte said somnethitig, and an Indian that was concealed in the bushes not imlore than iifeei steps fromi Mr. Glass, rose uip and shot himin through (tlie body: he snapped his gun at the Indian, who ihilnediately ran oil,: ie the n fired at the womaa as she was yriiiigatr t man, but does not know whether killd her or not. HIis woundwhic rigv ery painful, he dropped his gun and shot-ba and attempted to return home; lhe i»l not,proceeded more tha n three hhundred yards whe he fainted. aind remained until found bya, traveller.'This was onl Satuarday. :ndleliedii Sunday morninit, leaving a Vwidow and eight children to lament his raetimely death: he was aiman who supported a good character in his neighborhood, though in limited circumstances. On the follow. ing day there was a cow found near the place where N i'. Glass was shot, with four balls shot through her. 4. Thire was only one Indiaii man Sheen biy Mr. Glass; but from the circumstances of his heaig four guns, and the cow being fould nears that place withfour balls shot through her. inducesae belief that he had several companions ithlu himn, although they were ant seen by Mri. Glass. FromIlie report of lie friendly hIdians, it is believe(l they ale fifty or sixty in nitmer, and that they have reluramed to (lie cain p on f'inie Barren creek, occupied bly them at htie i lithey rai1dered lohnson nd WA'a;skv, as a part of them were uiet by several persons near the Pine Barrent spring a fe I.days after ts iiiurder was committed. Colonel Dale's party pursued(theiii t)o (iheir ciap oF the Sappalogas, but foundP it deserted apparently several days: hey) have several smill fields of corn growing at the place. From lae sign left. it is believed they have a numberof horns,anrd some of the largest description. The Indian who acted as guide states they have at this tine a negro boy and a horse! belongings to Juhnson andi Magasky: it appears to be the prevailing opinion among the inhabitants. thatI may be found oin Pine' Barren creek. they Iivehave thec honor to he, &c.

o ()4 eevn hsif~mto.Ecxtrart of aI letteri'lfrontclallG(eneral!epaheadisre(thineff to the SecretaryofcrleueatIfwof 'ari datediich -setains and CAMP -NMoNTGSOMERY, M. T. .1toglitl -2~5, 18171. Having received several communicaaios froin persons settled upon the public land, within the tract acquired by helireaty at Fort Jackson. c(itamning general accusations against the Indians; that. they had killed cattle arlings, andIstolen corn, &c. fom theiinhabeitat . atd reilquesting tiheinterpotsition of military authority. I have uniformly referred li-ni toiime civil Ilmagist rates.because I have in no instance dairig lte preserit year heard ol any ting like an aemnh/(loe o/fforh e armoong lhe Indaian in this quarter of' the I.-rritory. Nor co tdI see anlyIreason why persons who all otrudedieheiieles iporn tle public landt contrairy to law, slhoulda be allowed in flit ary protection against ilie petty t1ffences of which these people complaiied, especially as it did not appear that the civil authority had been oppoi ed, nor even resorted to by tle complainants. 'lie ectiloure.m aked A. ai irs a copy ol my reply to (lie inhabitants of hMurder Creek, and in his you will fi ndi the'The,~substancelad^ulvldb~~~~ of ray othlie'i,~lr replies, Indinhoth writtenwihulrand verbal.0e erlrSince tlie~vdateonof' thiseev(reply,ll[gaand, as I lehave otereason to belih'-ve, slep Acea it reacil thulsettlement of Murder Creek, a Mri. Glass, near that place, was killed by an Indiain, who was said to be accomipanied by three others.t On receiving this iniforination, Ii ineliately despatclied a discreet officer, Lieutenant Leftwicnh. to ascertain tlihe pa rtfi cais of' the outrage, wih ia view to sent a party in pursuit of the olenders, iln case they should not have been air'reisted by the civil authority. A. To the Inhabitants of Murder Creek, slabarna Therritory. HKFAD-qUAIITlIS. CAMP MONTGOMKRY, NI. T. JIuly 12, 1817. GFNTLEMEN: I b tve received younr comm nication of theee1stt ast month, stating thain t i"e I iain, residing ufpon the ton- aka had killed cattle arid hogs belongings to the inhabitants of' Murder Creek, and had broke into their houses, and taken fri'omi them store provisions. corn, &c. In reply. I have to ob-er ve, (hat all Indijans within tilie lately acquired territory are amenable to ouni laws, and may )1'b prosecuted f'or the iiflences oti wlich you ciinpilnir, in lie same manner as if' they were white inhabitants. 'The lands ('cultivatei( by friv'ndly Inditains wilhii rlie ceded territoryhiave been reserved and guarantied to them by treaty; anrid by a late act. oh Comiress, the agenrit of Indian all'airs has been autfioriz.ed to settle the respective cfarms to such reservations. U nlil thils is etfected, there exists o wieree any sit of authority to drive olfsuich In- diarns settled uaopn the, public land. Gover'mtim Mitchiell,N the ai'eint, will in a s hort Iimrle enter upon flie examination and adjustment of those claims. i you °Tvemanti to abstain from "rash measures" towards those Indians, alords iThe d position which fpsted will grimund So hope that, viewing them as a part of the human family, possessing the right of' residing among us, you make allowance fonr their ignorance and their wants, which uiIe calculated rather to awaken our commiseration, than to excite it) us a spit-it otf hostility towards them. That you mnay have peace and prosperity throughout your settlement, is the sincere wish of Your obedient servant, -GN EDMUND P). GAINES.

Extract qf a letter from Major Tvigg8 to G neral Gaines, dated FoRt Sco'rr, September 17, 1817. Your communication to the IndianH on the east side of Flint river was read and explained to the principal chief at furthest. I have detained the of the Mickasukies, the 6th of this moithi. lie promised to give an answer in ten days then express uintil this time, in expectation ofsendhig it on by him, but have been disappointed. I have not heard from since. informed muie the warriors were absent when he was there, but what were present said The interpreter principal of thei' so1netilo9 they never hiearid of' Indhianis being given up to be punished by (he whites; that they hail heard being but ki led by thcmrnselves, for oerices committed, but seemed to think that giving thern up was out of the question; The inhabitants promised not to resort to * nauch measures." T1Mrr 1V A t.trllM 1 1 l* - - - - -, - &. - 1818.J i~rrrA i up iUn O ii INULP I INDIANS, &c. 685

aid they would have a meeting, and would answer the letter in a few days. As they have not done so, I think but one construction can be put or their conduct. 'ie young seemed t» dislike the communication very match; and when Gregory was about leaving the town, he offered his hand to an Indlian, who held out his with a knife in it, and hands so a shAike him. He short · efsd !to with staid time among them, that it was impossible ifor him!11 tol give much information respecting themin. Captain Donoho has returned;-eund heli hash· beenbee sicksic in HartfrdI.at- rlwhich waste cause of his delay. On his return, the Indians were very rudle to him, and frequently threatened his guide, once caught holdu of the captain'1 bridle in a threatening manner. and

Extract of a letter from General Gaines to the Secretary of War, dated CAMP MONTGOMERY, M. T. October 1, 1817. I have (he honor to lay before youl a copy of a letter which I have received from the chiefs of ten of the Seminole towns. inl reply to my demand for the delivery of the mnurderrs of our citizens. By lthis communication it appear,;, that, instead o'f a compliance with my demand, thle chief's have .et up a claim against us for the lives o(f three Indians. hor whom they allege they have not yet taken satisfitlction. 'T'hey cha rge us with having killed(fen of their warriors, and. claihtintg a balance of three to be due them, they admit, by necessary implication:that they have killed seven of our citizens. They acknowledge the mnurdler of' a woman (NMrs. Garret) arind her two children. But the clhieifs attempt to, justify this act, upon the grounil that the warriors whi committed the outrage had just before lost some friends; had entered our settlements to take satisfitction; found at the house of' Garret a kettle belonging to the Indians ihat had been killed, and, from this circumstance, supposed the murder had been committed by the " husband of the woman;" ihey therefore killed her and her two children! he ' ByBya letter" from Muajor Twig .,~'.·'ahalebetlie commandatnth wof re,Fort Scott, ! leasolnrn thatweekhe had been warned, some weeks past, by (he principal chiefs of the Fowltown, (fifteen miles above the fort, and twenty above the national boundary,) net to cut another stick on the east side of Flint river; adding, that the land washis, and he was (directed by the powers abive to protect and deflnml it,. and should do so; and it would be seen that talking could not frighten him. Major Fwiggs add(s, hle had not seen the chief, nor any of' his people, since he made this threat. The miajiir states. in another letlter, that this town hid been detected in stealing one huIndred head of cattle, in one all of which they had killed. drove,

From Major Twiggs to General Gaine.s, dated FORT Sco'rr, September 18, 1817. Since I started the express this minorning, thire Ind(ians have deliveredL the enclosed letter to me. I have thle honor to be, &c.

To the commanding officer at Fort Iawkins. , the lth DEAR SIR: D.EAR~~~~~~ SIR:o~~ ~SEPTEMMiER, day, 1817. Since the last war, after you sent word we must lthe the T1he quit war, we, red people, have come over on this ide, white people have carried all the red people's cattle off. After tlie war, I sent to all my people to let white people alone, and stay on this stidle of (the river; andti Ihey did so; hut the white people still continue to carry oft their cattle. 1arnard's son was here, and I inquired of him what was to be and hei said we man done; must go to the head of (the white people, andt complain. I did so, anld here was no white head man, and there was no law in this case. h'le whites first begun, atdt there is nothing stidI about that. but great complaint made about what the Indians do. This iis now three years, since the white peoplle killed three Indlians. Since thlat, they have killed three other Indiains, and taken their horses, and what they hid; antd this summer killed three more; and very killed one more. they lately they Wee sent word%' t, the white people, that these murders were that were ' I doite, and theth answer was, . ~ they~~ ~ ~ ~people~~e that wereXe outlaws, and we ought to go and kill them.'IThe white people killed our answer.people first; the Indiatans then took satisfaction. T1here are yet three theni hat the red people have never taken satisfaction for. You have wrote that (here were houses bu rnt; but we know ,'f lno such thing being d(lone; the truth, in such cases, ought to be told; but this appears othei wise. On that idle of the river, the white have killed five Indianis; but there is said about that; and all people the nothing that thle Indians have done is brought up. All the mischief white people have (oitne ought to be told to their head man. When there is any thing (one you write to us; but never write to your hleadi martial what the white (Io. the red or send people When people send talks,, write, they always the truth. You have sent to uis for your horses, andi we sent all that we could find; but there were some dead; it appears that all the mischief is laid o(n this town; but all the mischief' that has been done this is two one ofthem is by town, horses; dead, and the other was sent back. The cattle that we are accused of taking, were cattle that the white people took from us; our young Iielm went aind brought then back, with the same iarks and brands. Tfiere were sotne of our young meni iout iuntiring, and they were killed; ot her's went to take satisfaction, and (tie kettle of one of the imert that was killed was found in ihe house where the woman and two children were and Ihey supposed it had been her' husband who had killed the killed; accused of Indians, and took their satisfactionn there. We are killing up Arnericans, and so ont; but since the word was sent to us that peace was made, we stay steady at home,,and ieddlwillh no) person. Yiu have sent to us respecting the black people (on the we have nothing to (Io with thei. They were put there by the and to to Suwany river; about We (lo not wish our Englikh, them you ought apply for any thing he them. slaves country desolated by ani army passing through it, for the concern ofother people. Iliarns have there also, a great many of'ltem. W hen we have aut opportunity, we shall apply to the English for them; but we cannot get them now. I'his is what we have to say at present. Sir, I conclude by subscribing myself your humble servant, &c. N. B. There are ten towns have read this letter, and this is the answer.

Extract of a letter from George Graham, acting Secretary of War, to Brevet Major General Edmund P. Gaines, Fort tawkins, Georj'ia, dated OCTOBER 30, 1817. I have the honor to receipt was acknowledge the oryour letter of the 1st instant, coveringc a opy ofthe reply which by ten of the Seminole towns, to on Iomemis(de,of our citizens. the denpand made by you them for the surrenderofthe murderers of These papers have been submitted to the President, and I am instructed by him to inform you that he approves of the movement of the troops from Fort Mntgotnery to Fort Scott; the appearance of' this he aters himself, will at least have the eftfct of'restraiting the Seminoles from committing dditional force,and Perhaps of inducing them to make reparation for the murders which they have furtherdepredations, 87 m committed. Should they, however, 686 MILITARY AFFAIRS. t1I(. persevere in their refusal to make such reparation, it is the wish of the President that you should not, on that account, pass the line, aund make an attack upon them within the limits of Florida, until you shall have received instructions froin this departitnet. You are auilthorized to remove the lndians still remaining on the lands ceded by the treaty made by Genial Jackson with the Creeksi and, in doing soi, it inmay be proper to retain some of them as hostages until repaIilt may have been made for the depredations which have been committed. On this subject, however, as well as to the manner of' removing them, you will exercise your discretion. Mclintosh, and the other chiefs of the Creek nation, who were here some time since, expressed then, decidedly, their unwillingness to permit any of the hostile Indiau to return to their nation. 1P. S. The authority to remove the In(lians will, of course, not extend to those Indians and their families who have claims to reservations of lands under the treaty.

Extract qf a letter from General Gaines to the Secretary of'far. CHATAHOOCHI.E, November 9, 1817. From various reports from the Seminole Indians I can only learn that they are determined to deliver up hone of their offenders; nor will they restore stolen property, except one town, the Mickasukees, the chief ot which professes to be friendly. By the enclosed letter from Ma1jr T'wiggs it appears they are determined to attack us as soon as we cross Flint river; and that they have two thousand seven hundred warriors. Although I feel little faith in their threats, and believe their numbers to be overrated, yet I deem it proper to be provided with additional force. I have, thereflre, requested of his excellency the Governor of Georgia a regiment ot infantry, and a squi. dron of cavalry, which, lie has informed me, are held in readiness to march.

Extract of a letter from General Edmund P. Gaines to MIjor General ./ndrew Jackson. HEAD-QUARTERS, FORT GAINES, GEoRGIA, November 9, 1817. Previous to my leaving the Coroka I ascertained that the accounts I had received respecting the Seminole Indians being at Pensacila were incorrect, and that the number of Indians of different tribes there did not exceed what h.tl been usual at this season of the year. This statement was soon after confirmed by Mr. Denson, andi the interpreter (Crnels-. The latter, however, states that he had sten' and conversed with the hostile party of Uchu of whom killed Johnston, and anld IMr. Glass. They now consist of about thirty warriors, warriors, part Magasky, horses or thirty-live. They were, a few days past, at tile mouth of Yellow Water; had several stolen which they offered flr sale, and declared their determination to be always hostile towards our citizens. From Major Twigg's I learn that lie lhas received information, upon which lie places reliance, that the Indians have recently had a meeting at tilhe Mickasukee town, of near two thousand seven hundred warriors, when it was determined they would attack us, as soon as we should cross the Flint river. Although I put little faith in these threats, and believe their numbers to be overrated, yet I leemn it proper, keeping an eye to the safe side, to be provided with additional force: and have, therefore, desired the Governor of Georgia to send me the regiment of infantry and( squadron of cavalry, held in readiness for that purpose: for, in a war with savages, I think little should be hazarded; as every little advantage which we suffer them to acquire tends to add, in an extraordinary degree, to their strength and confidence.

Eztract of a letter from General Gaines to Mqjor General Andrew Jackson. FORT SCOTT, GEORGIA, November 21, 1817. The first brigade arrived at this place on tlhe 19th instant. I had previously sent an Indian runner to notify the first town chief, l,;-me-he-maut-by, of my arrival, and with a view to ascertain whether his hostile temper had abated, requested him to visit me. Hle replied, that he had already said to the commanding officer here all he had to say, and he would not come. lie had warned Major Twigts not to cross or cut a stick of wood on the east side of Flint river, alleging that the land was his; that he was directed, by the Powers above and below, to protect and defend it, and should do so. This being the talk referred to, and his town having continued to be hostile ever since the last war, having participated, as tIle friendly Indians assert, in the predatory war carried on for some time past against the Georgia frontier, 1 yesterday detached two hundred and fifty men (supposed to be about the strength of the town) under the command ot Major tIwiggs, with orders to bring me the chief and warriors; and in the event of resistance to treat them as enemies. The detachment arrived at the town early this morning, and were instantly fired upon, but without effect. The fire was briskly returned by the detachment, and the rIndians put to flight, with the loss ot four warriors slain; and as there is reason to believe, many were wounded. it is with deep regret I have. to add that a woman was accidentally shot, with some warriors, in the act of forcing their way through our line formed for the purpose of arresting their flight. The unfortunate woman had a blanket fastened round her (as many of the warriors had) which, amidst the smoke in which they were enveloped, rendered it impossible, as I am assured by the officers present, to distinguish her from the warriors. Among the articles found in tlhe house of the chief, was a British uniform coat (scarlet) with a pair ofgold epaulettes, and a certificate signed by a British captain of marines, "Robert White in the absence of Colonel Nicholls," stating that the chief had always been a true and faithful friend to the British. The reports of friendly Indians concur in estimating the number of hostile warriors, including the Red Sticks and Seminoles, at more than two thousand, besides the blacks, amounting to near four hundred men, and increasing by runaways from Georgia. They have been promised, as several Indians inform me, assistance from the British at New Providence. This promise, though made by Woodbine, is relied on by most of the Seminole Indians. 1 have not a doubt but they will sue for peace, as soon as they find their hopes of British aid to be without foundation.

Extract of a letter from General Gaines to the Secretary qf War. FORT SOOTT, GEORGIA, November 26, 1817. With a view to ascertain the strength of thal hostile Indians in the vicinity of Fowltown, and to rectinoitre the adjacent country, 1, a few days past, detached Lieutenant Colonel Arbuckle, with three hundred officer and men. 'The colonel reports that the Indians had placed themselves in a swamp out of which about ity war.. with the commenced a brisk fire uponir which made their appearance near the town, and, war-whoop, the tr.p, they returned in a spirited manner. The fire continued but fifteen or twenty minutes, when Iddlansvere silenced, and retired into the swamp, with a loss, which the colonel estintates At six or eight killed, afda great number wounded. We had one man killed, and tWo wounded, I'is! DfRFEAT OF THE SEMINOLE INDIANS, &c. 687

DEPARTMENT OF WAR, December 2, 1817. Your letter of the 9th ult. advising of the call on the Governor of' Georgia to assemble the auxiliary force, which had been previously required by you, at Fort flawkins, oni the 25th ultuinlo, has been received. It is hoped that the letter addressed to you from this Department, on the 30o:h of October, will have been iwceiyed, and that you will Confine your operations to the objects stated in that communication. and to such a disposition o the regular force under your command as will deter thle Seminole Indians front making further depre- atdons on (the frontier- of' Georgia. The state of our negotiations with and the manifested the the Spain, temper by principal European Powers, make it impolitic, in opinion or the President, to move a force at this time, into the Spanish possess.ons, ifor the mere purpose of chastising the Seminoles flor depredations which have heretofiore been committed by them. I have the honor to be, &c. GEO. GRAHAM. Major General EDlMiN P. GAIN: S.

General Gaines to the Secretary of War. HEAD-QUARJTERS, FoRT SCOTT, GRORGIA, December 2, 1817. Silt: I had the honor to receive, on the 26ih ultimo, your communication of the 30th October. I am very happy to find that the President approves of' my movement. But I much reg et that his just expectations, as to the ellfect there was reason to believe would be produced on the minds of the Indians, by this movement, have not been realised. I am now quite convinced that the hostility of these Indians is, and has long since been, of'so deep a character, [s to) leave no ground to calculate upon tranquillity, or the future security of our frontier settlements, until the towns south and east ofthis place shall receive a signal proof of our ability and willingness to retaliate tir every outrage. It is nowmy pain- futl duty to report an afthir of a more serious and decisive nature than has heretoflire occurred, and which leaves no doubt of the necessity of an immediate application of force and active measures on our part. A large party of' Seminole Indians, on the 30th ultimeo, formed in ambuscade, upon the Appalachicola river, a mile below the junction of the Flint and Chatahoochee, attacked one of our boats, ascending the river near the shore, and killed, wounded, and took, the -eater part ofl the detachinment, consisting of' foi)rty men, commanded by Lieutenant R. W. Scott of' the 7th infantry. There were also on board, killed or taken, seven'.wonmen, the wives of' soldiers. Six men of' the detachment only escapedI, lout' of whom were woun(led. 'I'hey report that the strength of thile current, at the point of attack, had obliged the lieutenant to keep his boat near thle shore; that the Indians had fi'mnned along the bank of the river, and were not discovered until their fire commenced; in ilhe first volley of winch Lieutenant Scott and his most valuable men fell. The lieutenant and his party had been sent from this place, some days belbfore, to assist Major Muhlen- burg in ascending thle river with three vessels laden with military stores, brought from Montgomery and Mobile. The majur, instead of retaining the party to assist him. as I had advised, (see the enclosure No. 1,) retained only about twenty men; and, in their place, put a like number of' sick, with the women, and some regimental clothing. The boat thus ladened was detached alone for this place. It is (due to Major Muhlenbur- to observe, that, at the time he detached the boat, I have reason to believe, hlie was not apprised of any recent hostlities having taken place in this quarter. It appears, however, from Lieutenant Scott's letter, received about the hour hlie was attacked, (enclosure No. 2,) that he had been warned of the danger. Upon the receipt of this letter, 1 had two boats filled up with covers, and with port-holes for(defence; and detached Captain Clinch, with an officer and forty men, with an order to secure the movement of Lieutenant Scott, and then to assist Major' M uhlenburg: this detachment em- barked late in the evening of the 30th, and must have passed the scene of action below at 'night, and some hours after the affair terminated. I have not yet heard from Captain Clinch; I shall immediately strengthen the detachment under Major Muhlenburg with another boat secured against thle enemy's fire. He will, therefore, move up with safety, keeping near the middle of the river; I shall, moreover, take a position, with my principal force, at the junction of the rivers, near the line; and shall attack any forcee that m:ny attempt to intercept ourt vessels and supplies below; as I feel persuaded the order of the President, prohibiting an attack upon the Iitdians, below the line has reference only to the past, and not to thile present or future outrages, such as the one just now perpetrated, and such as shall place ourt troops strictly within the pale of natural law, when self' dtlefence is sanctioned by the privilege of self preservation. The wounded men who made their escape concur in the opinion, that they had seen upwaris offive hundred hostile Indian warr.,'rs at differentt places, below the point of attack; of the force engaged, they differ in opinion, but all agree that thle number was very considerable, extending about one hundred and tifty yards along the shore, in the edge of a swamp or thick woods. I am assured by the friendly chief, that the hostile warriors of' every town upon the Chatahoochee prepared canoes and pushed oiff down the river to join the Seminoles, as soon as the account of my movement from the Alabalma reached them. The Indians, now remaining upon the Chatahoochee, I have reason to believe, are well disposed. One of the new settlers, however, lias recently been killed; but it has been clearly proved that the murderer had belonged to the hostile party. Tile friendly chiefs in the neighborhood, when apprised of the murder, assembled a party and sent in pursuit of tle offender; and followed him to Flint river, ott the route to Mickasukee, whither he escaped. Orrishajo, and several other ftrien(dly chief's, have offered ime their services, with their warriors, to go against the Seminoles. I have promised to give them notice of thie time that may be fixed for my departure, and then to accept their services. The enclosure (No. 3) contains the substance of what I have said to the chief's who have visited me, several of whom reside south of the Spanish line and west of the Appalachicola river. It was expected by the chiefs, that I should communicate to them miy views and wishes. I fIelt authorized to say but little, and I deemed it necessary, in what I should say, to endeavor to counteract the erroneous impressions by which they have been misled by pretended fBritish agents. I hope the President will see, in what I have said, nothing to disapprove. I feel persuaded a report ofithe various talks, which I received from the chiefs, would show the propriety of what I have said to them; such a report I have not a moment's time now to make. The Indians are, at this moment, firing at our fromin the opposite line of the river. camp I have the honor to be, most respectfully, your obedient servant, To tie EDWARD P. GAINES, the Hon.lon.SER'R OFW WAR,ARn, General by Brevet To SERETAaRYWashingtonOn City. Major Commanding. No. 1. General Gaines to Mnjor Muhlenburg. 8l: FoaRT SOOTT, November, 1817. The waters having risen sufficiently high to enable you to ascend the river with all the vessels, I wish you to dOso though it should take longer than I had anticipated. You can avail yourselfl'of the aid of Lieutenant Scott'a etachtment to expedite your movements hither. Keep your vessels near to each other; and should you meet with ay insuperable obstacle, endeavor to apprise inc thereof, and you shall have additional relief. Wishing to see you "on with your fleet, I remain, with great regard, your obedient servant, E.P. GAINES. To MAel MutLENBiURo, Commanding the United States' troops ascending the .lppalachicola. 688 MILITARY AFFAIRS. [181&

SPANISH BLUFF, November 28, 1817. SIR:Sin: enclosed you will receive Mnjor Muhlenburg's communication, which hie directs me to forward to you by express from this place. Mr. Haumbly informs me-that Indians are assembling at the junction of the river, where they intend to make a stand against those vessels coming up the river; should this be the case, I am not able to inake stand against them. My command does not exceed forly men, and one half sick, and without arms. 1 leave immediately. this ~iminli'lttely. I~1am, respectfully, your obedient servant, R. W. SCOTT, Lieut. 7th Ilfantry, commanding Detachment. No'r:.-The bearer of this is entitled to three dollars on delivering this letter. The Indians have a report here that the Indians have beaten the white people.

CHIRF8 AND WARRIORS: The President of the United States has been informed of the murders and thefts committed by the hostile Indians in this part of the country. lie has aulh.irized General Jackson to arrest the offenders, and cause justice to be done. The Indians have been required to deliver up the murderers of our citizens, and the stolen property, but they refused to deliver either; they have had a council at Mickasukee, in which they havP D!termined Up.n war; they have beenat var against helpless women and children, let them now calculate upon fighting men. We have long known that we hadl enemies east of this river: we likewise know we have some friends; but they are so mixed together we cannot always distinguish tile one from the oilither. The President, wishing to do justice to his reel friends andl children, has given orders for the bad to be separated from the good. Those who have taken up arms against him, anid-such as have listened to the had talks of the people beyond the sea, must go to Mickasukee Suwany, where we wish to find them together. But all th se who were our friends in the war will sit still at their homes in peace; we will pay them ftr what coin and meat they have to sell to us; we will be their friends, and when they are hungry we will give them meat. The hostile party pretend to calculate upon help from the British! they may as well look fIr s'dierts from lithe moon to help them. Their warrior's were beaten, anil driven from our country by Aminerican troops. The Engli-h are not able to help themselves: how, then, should they help the old "liRed Sticks," whom they h.Ave ruined by pretended friendship?

Extract of a letterfrom General Gaines to the Secretary of War, dated FORT SCOTT, GEORGIA, December 4, 1817. I would much more willingly devote my time and humble faculties in the delightful occupation of bringing over savage man tthte walks oif civil life, w here this is piacticable without force, than to contribute to the destruc. tion ol' any one of the humanity race; bit every eftiort in the work of' civilization, to be effectual, must accord with the immutable principles ot' justice. T1'lhe savage must be taught and compelled to do that which is right, and to abstain from doing that which is wrong. The poisonous cup of barbarism cannot be taken Irom the lips of the savage by the mild voice of reason alone; the strong inandate (of justice must be resorted to and enforced. After all that the wisdom and philanth ropy of our country and Governmient, aided by millions of money, have yet been able to efect, it is a minelancholy ruthI, that in no Itndian nation within my knowledge. (the Chickasaws excepteIt,) has thle scalping knife been laid aside for any considerable length of time, until their every hope of using it with impunity had been defeated.

OF WAR, December 9,1817. · IR:' ~~~~~~~~~~SIR: . ~DEPARTMENT Your letter, bearing date the 21st ultimo. advising of' the arrival of the first brigade at Fort Scott on the 19th ialtinio, anditof the subsequent attack with the Indians at Fowltown, has been received. Although the necessity of this attack, and the consequent effusion of' blood, is exceedingly to be regretted, yet it is lipel that the prompt measures which were taken by you on your arrival at Fort Scott, and the display ot such an efficient force in that quarter, will induce the Indians to abstain from further depredations, nndl sue for peace. Refetrring to the letters addressed to you from this Department on.the 30th of October aud 2d of December, as manifesting the views of the President, I have to request that you conform to the instructions therein given. Should the indians, however, assemble in firce on the Spanish side of the line, and persevere in committing hostilities within the limits of the United States, you will, in that event, exercise a sound discretion as to the propriety of crossing the line for' the purpose ot attacking them, and breaking up their town. I have the honor to be, &c. GEO. GRAHAM. Major General EDMUND P. GAINES.

Extract of a letter from David B. Mitchell, Indian ageit, to George Graham, acting Secretary of War, dated CREEK AdGENCY, December 14, 1817. I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your two letters of the 31st of October, and 3d November last. Before the receipt of those letters, a meeting of the principal chiefs had been called by the Little Prince, at the town of Thla-cotch-cau, on the Chalahoochee river, near Flort Mitchell, at which I attended; the object of which was to take into consideration the state of the nation, andi particularly the measures which it would be proper for them to take in relation to those Indians residing between Fort Gaines and the Spanish line; and also the conduct they should pursuewith regard to the war with the Seminoles. They unanimously expressed much regret thatIos- tilities should have commenced between the troops under General Gaines and the Fowltown Indians, whoj reside within our boundary; because these Indians although they d(lid not unite with the friendly ones during the late war, neither did they join the Red Sticks, and had recently expressed a great desire to become decidedly friendly. They were, however', perfectly willing that their warriors should join General Gaines against the Seminoles. I stated to them that it was not the desire ot' the President to go to war with the Seminoles, if hlie could honorably avoid it; and, at the present moment, he would not consent to their going against the Seminoles within the Spa- nish territory under authority of thie United States; that they must wait, therefore, until I gave them the order to march. At ithe same time, I advised them to setd a confidential and trusty chief down to the Indians living between Fort Gaines and the Spanish line, and desired them immediately to remove above the line of Jackson's treaty; anl that the same chief should then proceed directly to the Mickasuckee town, the head quarters o the Seminoles and Red Sticks of the late war, ani propose to them certain terms of' peace, and a junction ol their lfirce to go against the negro camp. The objects which this chief' was instructed to hold out to those Indians as attaina- ble, by adopting this course, were various, and of sufficient importance, in the view of ih:se makingg the pr position, to induce a belief that they would be favorably received; in which event, I should proceed to Fort cntt to adjust their differences. This course of proceeding was immediately adopted, and the head man of the Osochie, Wj~~t~] utItsIsAT UF THE SEMINOLEL*·- INDIANS, &c. 689

jonoi-Haijo, set out on the same dlay charged with the mission. 'rTo afford( time to ascertain thle result of this plan. hndIhat Itlmight be able to communicate with tho War Department, another meetig was assigned for the l'th of exIt month, at this place, when all the friendly warriors, with Mclntosh at their head, will attend to receive their final orders. But, on my return to this place, I fortunately felt in with General Gaines, on his way to Fort Haw- kins, rotm whom I learned the fateldisaster which had befallen a detachment of his troops, under Lieutenant Scott, on the 30th of last month; the particulars of which he informed mee he hkad conmmunicated, which renders ia detail fromin me upoeces;mry, In speaking with General .aine. upon the sullject of the road from Fort Hawkins to Fort Stoddert, he informed me that it was not this road to which he referred in his communication to the War Department, but ninety sites o' new rosad, which he had made between Fort Montgomery and Fort Scott, and by which he recently marched the troops from the ior.er o) thie latter post. As soon as I receive the five thousand dollars which you have ordered to be remnitted. to me, I shall endeavor to ty it out to the very best advantage in repairing the bridges and roads and General Gaines has assured me that, as soon as thile troops can be spared, a detachment shall be ordered to assist.

Copy of a letter from Major General B. P. Gaines to th1 Secretary of 4atr, dated HEAD-qUARTERS, FORT HAWKINS, GEORGIA, December 15, 1817. Sia: I arrived at this place the d(ay before yesterday morning. In the afternoon of the same day, I reviewed the detachment of Georgia militia, under the command ot Brigadier General Glasscock. They look well, and are ready to ,march; but the inattention on the part uof' the contractors agent to the requisitions fior a supply of rations will, I apprehend, according to custom, delay ti(he movement of the militia until some part ofl' the frontier settlements suflr by the Indians, who, I have no (doubt, A-ill detach considerable parties lfor this purpose as soon as they find themselves unable to succeed in any attempt against the regular troops at Fort Scott; and I think it cannot be long before they are convinced of this. But, although I consider the regular troops secure in the positions they occupy, yet I ain satisfied their numbers will not warrant their being detached, or leaving their places oftdelfence, except to a very small extent. I have just now received( Mr. Graham's letter of the :d instant. The views of the President, so ftr ias may depend on me, shall be scrupulously o?-served. I should instantly discharge the Georgia militia, were I n .t strongly impressed with a belief that such a step would hazard the safety of the fh'ontier settlements. The Seminole Indians, however strange and absurd it may appear to those who understand little of' their real character and extreme ignorance, entertain a notion that. they cannot be beaten by our troops. They confidently assert that we never have beaten them, or any ofl their people, except when we have been assisted by red people." This will appeal the less extraordinary when it is recollected that they have little or no means of knowing the strength and resources of our country; they have not travelled through it; they read neither books nor newspapers; nor have they opportunities of conversing with persons able to inform them. I f1eel wirranted, from all I know of these savages, in saying thut they do not believe we cnYbeat them. This error of theirs ha? led them, from time to time, tor many years past, to massacre our frontier citizens, often the unoffending and helpless mother and babes. I lelt msyselt tully authorized to adopt the only measures which long experience has proved to be adequate to put a stop to these outrages. I was pleased with the prospect of being instrumental in etffecting an object of so mInuch importance to our exposed frontier settlements, and which I felt, atnd still feel, persuaded would, in the end, benefit thile Indians. The steps I have taken tre known to the D)epartment of War. You can more readily conceive than I can describe the mortification and disappointment I have experienced in being compelled to suspend or abandon ,ny ineasures at a moment when the loss (of Lieutenant Scott and his party had given the enemy an occasion of triumph, and a certain prospect ol increasing his strength, by enlisting against us all who had before wavered or hesitated. Permit me, tlen, to repeat mny request that I may be permitted to return. There is little ground to apprehend that we shall find it necessary to follow the Indians fthr beyond the national boundary. They are now to be found in very considerable parties on our side of the line. I have not a doubt of the necessity of' sendling to Flint river, by way of Hlartford, the detachment of militia under General Ghlsscock. My endeavors to,put the detachment in motion wvill delay my own movement until the 17th instant, at which time I shall resume my march to Point Petre. Ani opinion prevails among the well iniormed of this part of the country (who have, by some means unknown to me, beeti advised of our intention to take Amelia Island) that our troops there will meet with no opposition. Should this be the case, 1 shall return to Fort Scott without delay. I have the honor, &c. EDMUND P. GAINES, Major General Hon. J. C. CALHOUN, Secretary of War. Commanding.

Extract of a letter from Major General .lndrew Jackson to George Graham, actingg Secretary of Wa)r, dated HEAD-QUART'rns, DIVIsION OF THE SOUTH, NASHVI.LL, December 16, 1817. I am in hopes that this check to the savages may incline them to peace. Should it not, and their hostility continue, the protection of our citizens will require that the wolf be struck in his dell; for, rest assured, if ever the Indlians tind out that the territorial boundary of Spain is to be a sanctuary, their murders will be multiplied to a degree that our citizens on the southern 'rontier cannot bear. Spain is bound by treaties to keep the Indians, within her territory, at peace with us; having failed to do this, necessity will justify the measure, after giving her (due htice, to follow the maraulders and punish them in their retreat. The war hatchet having been raised, unless the *Indians sue fior peace, your frontier cannot be protected without entering their from long this result has been fully established. country; experience,

~StE~~~~~ the'~ ~DEPARTMENT OF WAR, December 16, 1817. On the receipt of this letter, should the Seminole Indians still refuse to make reparation for their outrages and depredations on the citizens of the United States, it is the wish of the President that you consider yourself at liberty to march across the Florida line and to attack them within its limits, should it be found necessary, unless they should shelter themselves under a Spanish post. In the last event, you will immediately notify this Department. I have the honor to be, &c. J. C. CALHOUN. General EDMUND P. GAINES, Fort Scott, Georgia.

Yourn OF ^~~~~~~~ DIPARTMRNT WAR, December 26, 1817. Your letters of November the 26th, and of the 2(d and 3d instant were received by this morning s mail. The fteof the detachment under Lieutenant Scott is be no cau much to regretted; but, under all the circumstances, blame attach to yourself or the officers immediately concerned. When the order of the 12th November was given, 690 MILITARY AFFAIR9. t directing you to repair to Amelia Island, it was hoped that the Seminoles would have been brought to their reason without an actual use ot' lorce, and that their hostility would not assume so serious an aspect. It Is now a subject of much regret, that the service in that quarter has been deprived of your well known skill and vigilance. Before this will reach you, it is hoped that the views of the President in relation to the settlement on Amelia Island will have been effected. Should that be the case, it is his wish that you should immediately repair to !rt Scott, and resume the command till General Jackson's arrival, to whom orders have this day been sent to eomtnamA there; or, if you should think the force under your command sufficient, and other circumstances will adinit, to penetrate through Florida, and co-operate in the attack on the Seminoles. I am not sufficiently acquainted with the topogralphy of' the country between Amelia and their towns, to say whether it is practicable, or what would be the best route; but it is not improbable that some advantage might be taken of the St. John's river, to effect the object. .should it be practicable, it is probable efficient aid might be given to dlie attack on them, as4 the attention of their wsarriors must be wholly directed towards Fort Scott. Should you think it practicable and advisable to co-operate, with the force under your command, you will leave ait sutticient number at Amelia Island to retain the of (lhatofthatplace. J possession~~possessiii pla~~ce. ~Ihave the honor to be, &c. J. C. CALHOUN. Brevet Major General EDUMUND P. GAINKS. DEPARTMENT OF WAR, December 26, 1817. Sin: You will repair, with as little as practicable, to Fort Scott, and assume the immediate command ofthe forces in that section of thle southerndelaydivision. The increasing dissplay of hostile intentions, b)y ithe Seminole Indians, may render it necessary to concentrateall the contiguous and disposable force of your division upon that quarter. lThe regular force now there is about eight huntred strong, and one thousand militia of thie Slate of Georgia are called into service. General Gaines estimates the strength of' the Indiana at two thousand seven hundred. Should you be of opinion that your numinbert are too small to beat the enemy, you will call on the Executives of adjacent States for such an additional militia force as you may deem requisite. General Gaines had been ordered, early in last month, to repair to Amelia Island. It is presumed that he has, therefore, relinquished the command at Fort Scott. Subsequent orders have been given to Gener:il Gaines, (copies of which will be furnished you,) advising him that you would be directed to take cinumand, and directing him to reassume, sghouldl lie deem the public interest to require it, (he command at Fort Scott, until you should arrive there. If1', however, the General should have progressed to Florida bel'ore these subsequent orders may have reached him, he was instructed to penetrate to the Seminole towns through the Floridas, provided the strength of his command at Amelia would justify his engaging in olensive operations. WVith this view, you may be prepared to concentrate your forces, andi to adopt (lie necessary measures to terminate a conflict which it has been the desire of the President, fromi considerations of humanity, to avoid, but which snow made necessary by their settled hostilities. With great respect, I have the honor to be, sir, your most obedient servant, J. C. CALHOUN. Major General ANDmEW JACKSON, commanding Southern Division.

Extract of u letter from General Gaines to the Secretary of War, dated IE:AD-qt;AtTlERS, 1IARTJOr:Do. GEoRGIA, January 9, 1818. Sill:Slit: I had the honor to receive, on my way to thitis place. the 5th instant, by express, from Fort Hawkins, your acceptable letters of the 9th and 16t1h of last r(rinth. veryI'he instructions they contain shall be regarded with the attention which Iheir importance (lemanlIdsq. I received by the same express several reports, tip to the 21st December, from Lieutenant Colonel Arbuckle and Major Muhlenburg, copies of which I enclose herewith, Nos. 1, 2, 3, andI 4. By these, reports it appear's that ,ie principal force of' the enemy (between eight hundred and twelve hundIredl) has been assembled on the Appalachicohi, with a view to cut off our supplies ordered up that river, and that the detachment with the vessels has sutillred severe annoyance and some loss. 1 ()o not apprehend that we shall lose ai vessel, or that any serious consequences to the troops at Fort Scott will result from the delay and difficulty of obtaining supplies by that channel. The supply of flour is more than sufficient for the present month, and there is likewise ia considerable supply of corn at the fort, and beef cattle in thle neighborhood. Of' sal ted( pork there can be but little until the arrival in the river of' thirty thousand rations,and with every other requisite supply ordered in the early part oft' last month from Mobile, andil which may be brought up lthe river in the covered ball-proof boats which have been prepared for the purpose. But to guard against every untoward obstacle in that quarter, I have ordered supplies fri'or. this place and Fort Hawkins, part of which are now on the way, and will be depoubited at a work imw constructing by the detachment umlnder General Glasscock,on Flint river, at the Chetaw village, sixty miles above Fort Scott, whence the supplies will be taken in ball-proof boats; arnd I have strong ground to believe they will be at Fort Scott by thIe 24th of the present month, at which time I calculate upon being able to concentrate my force, and shall lose no time in attempting a decisiveblow, which I trust will terminate the war. I have received information that a party of Indians entered the settlement near Traders' Hill. a few days past, killed ait woman, and took oft some three or four negroes. I had previously ordered a detachment of artillery trom Amelia Island, with two companies of militia taken from General Floyd's division, to take post at Traders' Hill, for the defence of that settlement. I have reason to believe ithe artillery arrived at the Htill about the time the murder was committed, and the militia soon after, and that the Indians were pursued. Tlie residue ofr militia taken from General Floyd's division (five companies) are ordered to this place to reinforce General Glasscock's command, excepting one company, which will be posted near thie big bend or Oikmalgee. 'The detachment under General Glasscock, delayed by rainy weather. bad roads, andi wantof' punctuality in the contractor's department, may not be able to formn a junction with the United States' troops in time to put art end to the war before their term ofl'service expires, which will be early in next month. I have therefore requested of his excellency tihe Governor of this State an additional force, to assemble at this place the e1st of next month, to consist of four battalions of infantry and four companies of riflemen, for three months, which I hope will meet your approbation, No. I. FORT SCO'nT, Decemnber 20, 1817. SIR: Since the day of.your departure I have not received the least inirrmation, except by Indians, from Forton Gaines, and I have no information whatever of the Georgia militiaor Mclntosh's Indians... Yotu will herewith receive a copy of Brevet Major Muuhlenburu's letter to me, of the 16ih instant, which will apprise you of his situation. The armed boat I sent down yesterday, under the command of Captain Blackstone, with a supply 'of Fteen daya' provisions for the mien on board the vessel, and some materials to better secure them s1t1.1 DEFEAT OF THE SEMINOLE INDIANS, &c. 691 from the fire of thlie enemy. I had the boat so altered as to make her convenient to carry forward an anchor, by which means the vessels will be enabled to progress slowly, and I think will reach this in eight or ten (lay, unassisted by the wind; they areabout thirty miles below. 1 shall do every thing the force under my command will permit, without hazarding ton much, to draw thanttntion of the enemy from the vessels, whose force, from the beat information I have been able to obtain, is between eight hundred and twelve hundred Indians and negroes, and increasing daily. On the 13th instant, -ambly and lloyle were made prisoners by this party, and, 1 presume, killed, and their property of every description taken possession of. Thechief, William Perryinan, who hadgilone down with a party to protect Ilambllyand oylec, was killed, and his men forced(l to join the opposite party. XAll the Indians on the Chattahoochec, b)el)ow Folrt Gaines, who are not dissed togo to war, I fear will be compelled to remove above for security. rhe present war with these Indians will require a much greater force than was contemplated to bring it to a speedy and favorable conclusion. Capechininico, or the principal chief of the Mickasukec town, is in command of all the hostile Indians. I have a large keel boat on the stocks, and should I not be deceived, will have her in a condition for service in twenty days at farthest; she will transport from three to four hundred barrels, and will be constructed to the Appalachicola river with safety anl despatch. navigate In consequence of the situation of our vessels, aind the difficulty of supplying Fort Hluges, I have thought it best to recall the command. uring the time Captain McIntosh commanded that post, he was surrounded by a large force and his arrangements were such as to (do lhim much credit; lhe did the enemy some injury, and had no men killeil or wounded(v ( 'here is but about twenty days' rations of meat on hand at this post. I lave sent the contractor's agent to Fort Gaines to forward beet; and if he should be disappointed there, have directed him to proceed further. I am, sir, &c. &c. &c. ARBUCKLE, Lieutenant Colonel Commandinrg. Major' General GAINES.GAINES.~Mar General rM. No. 2. FOIHT SCOTT, December 1817. SIR: 1I, Since closing my letter, the keel -boat arrived from the vessels below with some wounded. Major Muhlenburg states, it is impossible for the vessels to get up, the shore being lined on both Si(ldes of the river with Indians and negroes, who keep up a constant fire on them. He has determined, if the boat does not return to him this evening, to drop do(lwnoand try to get to the bay. 'The boat will leave this under the command of Major 1vwiggs at 12 o'clock to day, and will reach them by sundown, provided it is not interrupted in its descent. 1shall endeavor to keep up an intercourse with them (by means of the keel-boat) until we can get the aminmuni- tion from on board, and, in the last extremity, they will be compelled to drop down to the bay; in doing which, I im apprehensive they will sufler severely. You have, herewith, a copy of' Brevet Major WMuhlenburs 's letter of the 19th inst. He appears dissatisfied that more has not been done for his relief; in this nothing shall be omitted that the force here can effect. Should I attempt to march against the enemy with all the force here, with the intention of removing him from the the river, I am confident I should not succeed, and, at least, would sustain a very considerable loss. Men and means ol every description are greatly wanting here, and should any misfortune happen to the vessels we have not half a supply of ammunition, an(l not a single stand of spare arms. I have not heard a word froin you since your depart le. I am, sir, &c. &c. . ARBUJCKLE, Major General E. P. GAINES. Mr Lieutenant Colonel Commanding. No. 3. NEAR rTHE OCHESEF. TOWN, ON TIlE APPALACHICOLA RIVER, Tuesday evening, Decemnber 16, 1817. On Monday morning the transports were attacked by the Indians from both sides of a fire of small arms. We returned their the has the river, with heavy teen fire; firing continued ever since. We have lost two killed and thir- wounded, most of them severely;whether we have injured them any, I am unable to say. We are now compelled to remain here, as it is impossible for us to carry out a warp, as a man cannot show himself above the bulwark without being tired on. 1 can assure you that our present situation is not the most how soon, or whether, we are to receive succor from)r above. pleasant, not knowing The wounded are in but a bad situation, owing to the vessels being much crowded, and( it is make them any ways comfortable on board. Not having other means to impossible to despatch the keel-boat under the command any communicate to you, I am compelled to Scott. of Captain Clinch, with instructions to make the best of his way to Fort I hope to hear from you soon with instructions how I am to proceed in my present situation. With respect, &c. P. MUIlLENBURG, Brevet MAf(or. P. S. We have but a few days' provision on hand; the men have been on half allowance for some time.

No. 4. ro: NEW OoniESEz TOWN, December 19,1817. Yours by Captain Blackston was received at 12 o'clock this morning, and was in hopes that you would have been afitlrdable to some relief to the command, as our situation demanded that something should have been done immediately. That we are not able to progress is evident, as we have the enemy on both sides of the river, and, therefore, impracticable to carry out a warp. Had we not heard from you by the keel-boat this morning, it was decided that we shoull have attempted to return to the bay this evening. I shall now despatch the keel.boat under the command oft Lieutenant Gray, and try to retain our present position until the night of 21st. In case we should not hear from you, or be reinforced land, we shall make the further particulars, I refer you to Lieutenant Gray. by the attempt to reach the bay. For With respect, &c. Lieut. Colonel ARBUCKLE. Pc. MUHLENBURG, Mqjor.

Extract ofa letter to Brevet Major General Edmund P. Gaines, dated DEPARTMENT OF WAR, January 16, 1818. Th honbr of the- Unitd s requires that the war with the Seminoles should be paxry for hostilitiesStat, so unprovoked. Orders were issued soon after terminated speedily, and with to be cutrredpuqtishinent,on within the limits of Florida, it my arrival here, directiLng the omrers,^ I presume, have been received. should be necessary to its speedy and eflectual termination.''he 692 MILITARY AFFAIRS. [181g.

As soon as it was known that you had repaired to Amelia Island, in obedience to orders, and it being Uncertain how oInng you might be detained there, the state of things at Fort Scott made it necessary to order General Jackson to take commandthere. From his known promptitude, it is presumable that his arrival may be soon expectedljuni, in thile mean time, lull confidence is placed in your well established military talents. I hope the junction of the mili. tia will enable you to carry on ofientlsive operations, and to restrain the enemy from depredations on the frontier. J. C. CALHIOUN.

HIEAD-qiUARTERS, HARTFORD, GEORGIA, January 23, 1818. SiR: I have received this d(ay from Lieutenant Colonel Arbuckle reports of thle state of his command, up to the 18th of the present mnoth, and tromn Brigadier General Glasscock up to yesterday's (late, copies of which I have the honor ito enclose herewith, No. 1 to 6. By these communications you will perceive that, whatever has been or can be said of the desire of the Seminole Indianls to lay down their rn11's and make peace, there is in reality no prospect of' peace without beating them into a conviction of the clanger and evil ef;cts of a witarwlh us; -and I feel persuaded that a peace made with then at This time would be followed by scenes of Imore daring outrage (han those which our frontier settlements have here. toliwre suItfered. I have learned from an officer lately at Fort Hawkins. that there is in the post-office at that place a letter from tihe It apartment of WVar to Major General Jackson. The hope oft' seeing him, and ascertaining his views upon the subject ol our operations in this quarter, aund to provide f'or supplying the additional detachment of militia ordered to thi,, place, I have delayed my movement to Fort Scott until I see or hear from the General, or from the Depart. meant of War. I have, &c. EDMUND P. GAINES. lion. J. C. CALhOUN, Secretary of 'War. No. 1. FORT GAINES, December 23, 1817. SIR: I received yours by Mr. Laycock last evening, expressing a wish to hear from this post. This is the third attempt that I have made to give you news from here; this same man was made prisoner on his way to your post, and a second time compelled to return back. You are anxious to k1mw of (ile movements of' tile militia and Indians. I will give you what I have heard on that subject: it was brought from For't Mitclhell by anit Indian on express; he received it from Sam Sells, direct from Fort Hawkins; lie states that thie militia were to leave the Agency on fast Tlhurshday; no word of them here yet. lie stated that there was considerable confusion amnongst them about marching, and that some had refused to march; and that the agent had told thle mnians that General Gaines had no business to go to tile Indian towniand fire on them in the night; that hlie had acted like the Indians themselves in doing so. McIntosh had come as firas Fort Mitchell Ion his way, and the agent has sent him home, and told him to meet him at the Agency, fur a talk, in thirty days, eighteen of which yet remains; andtl(hlatlhe s!muld not move until the General Government should give tithe (ider. lThis I expect is thle case; tar they have sent Onis Hloryo a talk that hlie was doing wrong to be in service inll this country till thle agent shitould give him orders. lie further states that thie agent has sent a talk to Seminole to the chiefs to meet him and lie would make peace for' them, and the white people should have no satisfaction for what was done. This is thile news here as it respects tile Indians. I am induced to believe that they are lint coming; nothing new here since youilheardi'rom ihis'post. Afler all that I have said to lie citizens, they are goiig from ihe fort to Iheir houses. General Gaines directed me to send you the census ol' the people at this post. A few days since there were two hundred and eighty-live persons in the lirt, sixty of which have left it. The General directed me to have a large corn house built lor tile reception of' tile people's corn} I have d(oe1 so, but they have no dispo. siliatn to (10 .so. I am constantly advising tIe people to secure their provisions, but they will not take advice till it will be too late. So soon as Ihey are done wilh the schooner, I shall expect a visit in this neighborhood. Six - will be sufllicient to destroy all tile corn in tibis part of the country, as it all remains at the people's houses without any protection. An Indian report here says that Mr. Arbuthnot's son is with the Indians, giving them instructions, and that it was his doings that )Doyle and Ifambly were taken; they state that he is with Kenhfja, and lhat his orders were to take them to him. The chiefs below here sent word to those above that they have heard (hat they were in the white people's service, andl that they will pay them a visit after a little, and reward them ior their conduct. Fin(ling that those above are not coming down soon, they are considerably alarmed for fear they will f11l on them. ROBERT IRVIN. Colonel ARBUCKLE, commanding Fort Scott. No. 2. FORT Scorr, December 27, 1817. SIR: Enclosed you widl receive a copy of a letter I received yesterday from Captain Irvin. Can the information given by thIe Indian exprIesses be true? The armined b:at returneil from the vessel in the Appalachicola river yesterday; anil, although they h:ve not progressed much, I was greatly gratified to be inlflnnel th it inm men hadl been killed or wounded onIb.).u'd ol' them, except those I infninred you ofl in my communications of the 2o0h and 21st instant. I consider thle situation of those vessels much more safe than when I wrote to you last, and have little douibt I shall have them here in ten days from this time, or, if not, I can unload them with safety below, and have them returned to Ithe bay. I have had no information respecting the Georgia militia, or Mcintosh and his Indians, except what is contained in the enclosed. I have not heard of provisions being on the way from Fort Hawkins, nor have I received a line from you since your departure from this post. am &. I am, &c. M. ARBUCKLE, Lieut. Col. Corn. Major General E. P. GAINEs, St. Mary's, Georgia.

No, 3. FORT MITCHELL, December 30, 1817. MY FRIND: 'I'The messenger which was sent to the Mackasookies has returned with an answer to our talk. 'he Macka- sookies may it was nut them that began the war; they were sitting down in peace, and the white people came on them in the night and fired on them. The Mackasookies are all sitting in their town and doing n mischief and waiting to see if the white people will make peace with them. The people that shot at thle boat, anld killed all the white people, were the old Red sticks from the Upper town-those that turned hostile last war. The man that was ient to the Mackalokies (IHopoic liaija) with a peace-talk met the Mackasookies at the haltl-way ground, coming with a peace-talk to us. 181,.3 DEFEAT OF THE SEMINOLE INDIANS, &c.

Mr. Hambly nnd( Mr. Doyle were taken prisoners; Hopoie Haija saw them; Tustennogee Chepeo ha. gone to release them and catty them to the firt at St. Marks. I have sent you this little talk now; our meetiniig that yu appointed will soot be, and then every thing will be made straight.' The Chehaws have received two letters fro thile army, and they had nobody to read them, and they do not know the contents, and wish the army could be stopped until our meeting is over. 'rTUST'ENNOGEE HOPOIE, JIOPOIE IIAIJA. No. 4. CAMi, CUMsMING, January 10, 1818. BIR: Yourn of thie 8th is just received, and I amn extremely gratified to hear' of your arrival at Hartford, as I already feel considerably relieved. The many difficulties whicrl have occurlred( since you left us, from contractors, together Wiltl the want of' experience, I can assure you, has caused me to f'eel tlhe responsibility attached to my command; but, with your instructions, I flatter myself I shall now be able to get on. We are now encamped about four miles from Fort Blackshear, on a very beautiful and commanding spot, with a considerable creek on each side. about four miles distant, neither of which can be crossed with wagons. A bridge was erected on the one in oUr rear, but it is entirely gone; so soon tas the one in our front falls sufliciently, itwil be bridged. I have thought it advisable to have the roads repaired, which wvill hedone immediately. Uipolicha, a confidential Indian, has just arrived with a talk from Conard, the purport of which is is follows: Hie states. that since the principal chiefs left home for the Agency, the whole of the property of' one of them was taken 1ff'by somle (of the Fowltown Inodians, and that Conard is considerably alarmed for his own property. le has advised us to be on our guardI, particularly so far as it relates to the soldiers strolling from the camp, which, flr Ifear of danger, will be atte(iided to. We have not now on hand tenll bushels of' corn. Brockman i.s of opinion that it will be dangerous to go again to the Chehaw, in consequence of which I have, at his particular request, sent him with this express. I must refer you to him for further information as to the corn and pi'ovisions to be procured in the nation. I am almostIfearful, when I recollect for a moment, that the time of service for which this dletachment has been called on, will expire before your object can be accomplished, as lhe officers, with ;l few exceptions, ar'e governed by tihe men, and not the men by the officers. I am in hopes, however, that should your object not be accoiliplished by the first of next montth, I shall be able to render you an essential service, by volunteers from my ('omminand, shuinld it be deemed necessary. 1 will, however, have a personal interview with you on the subject, on your arrival at our camp. Not having calculated on moving 'rom this place for six or seven (lays, for want of provisions, &c. I gave a furlough to Captain Melvin; should you deem it necessary for us to move before that time, I would be glad that he would return. I iam yours, with respect and esteem, THlOMAS GLASSCOCK, Brig. General Comnmanding D. G. M. U. S. S. Major General E. P. GAINEs.

No. 5. CEDAIt CREEK, 5 o'CLOCK, 22, 1818. 8ia: January I was ordered this evening by General Glasscock to take five men, and proceed immediately to meet Captain Leigh, who was packed fi'rom Hartfird withl provisions. I proceeded accordingly, aud met him about two miles on the east side of' tIhis creek, and Captain Leigh, five men and myself;, proceedeT on to Blackshear's works, in con- rable~ ~ ~iderable~ ~ haste;Y.tewhenPve w.we reachedrecehthe creek,re, wwe made..ad a halt to fix on a pack, which was likely to fall, before we crossed. During this stay, Captain Leigh and a private of Captain Avery's company, by (hle name of Saamuel Loftis, started to cross. I called to the captain, and observed that hle was probably going into danger; hlie replied not. As my party and self had crossed not more than half an hour before, I proceeded. and accompanied by this man Loftis, they had not gotten entirely across the creek, when they were fired ont by a parly of Indi.mns, the number I suppose to be twenty oi' thirty, from the report of their guns, and both shot dead on the spot; I immediately rude back and ordered the provisions, together with Cornet Isaac Brown's command, consisting of twenty men, to a corineri of General Blackshear's old works, on the east side of the creek, where we took shelter' in a small breastwork, determined to secure the provisions it' possible: this was the only alternative, as they were planted on the swamp, which was at least one hunoired yards across, and I not having more than twenty-seven men under my command with guns. When we completed our works, Captain Snother and Mr. John lBridges proceededl down the creek, in order to make their way across to the army, that General Glasscock night be informed of the murder, and we reiiforced: that reinforcement has just reached our works, commanded by Major' Joseph Morgan. I, with Captain D)onnelly's company, will prliceed wilh the provisions to the army, and Major Morgan will pursue the trail. I hope, sirt, as this was written by a torch, that you will excuse, or correct, any mistake. I am sir, your obedient servant, FRANKLIN E. HEARD, Brigade Major.

No. 6. HEAD-quARTERS, HARTFORD, GEORGIA, January 26, 1818. In obedience to your order to me of the 2d instant, I prew'eeded to Savannah, when, to my great mortification, I found the draught little further advanced than when the order first issued from the Executive )epartime:lt. In a conference with Lieutenant Colonel Marshall, I learned that the draught has been made, but that a number of deser- tions had since taken place, which, with forty-seven determined exempt from duty. have reduced the quola one- half, and that hlie knows of no steps that can be adopted, without a flagrant violation of the civil lawv, to cause their attendance at the general rendezvous, if they refused to go, which they (o, almost unanimously. IThe draught from the 351h regiment have progressed further in their preparations for tile service, though I was informed by Lieutenant tColonel Harrison that it would be some (lays before they could leave their homes, as an inquiry into exemption, ad a seconI driaught, would be necessary to till their ranks. On my leaving Savannah Colonel Marshall assured me, that as soon as a second draft had been eftected, and the eceysay arrangements made fio their movements, lie would address to me a report to that effect, et Fort Hawkins, which has not been received, and I am left to conclude that the arrangements referred to have not been carried into effct. Captain Russell reported to me that he was prepared to furnish the transportation necessary for their move- atents, if it should be required. I haveIthe honor, &c. hveahehP.r,,R. CLINTON WRIGHT, Major United Slatles Jrmy. .General E.P.GAII9.

aM 694 MILITARY AFFAIRS. [1818.

HtAD-QUART.RS, HIARTFORD, GEORGOIA, January 30, 1818. I had thle honor to receive yesterday your letters of the 26th December, and 16th of the present month, the first having followed me fromin Amelia Island. I have, for ftome months past, endeavored to inform myself of thile topography of the country between the Appa. lachicola and St. John's; but have received only thile apparently imperfect accounts of some half-blooded blacks, and Indians, as to lihe western part ol that tract of country. 'lThe eastern part is well known to many of the inhabitants of1' this State, with whom I have conversed. From Amelia Islahnd to the Lochway, the country is, for the most part, what is here called pine barren, nearly level, intersected with creeks and ponds, bordered in many places with rich hammock land, which increases in quantity and quality as you approach the Iochway towns. 1,rom thence to St. Marks and Appalachicola, the hammock land is found in very considerable bodies; much the largest portion of thle country, however is poor, sandy, pine barren. The hammock lands aford great quantities ofl ive oak, some cedar, and other valuable timber. There are several large swamps on the route between the Lochway and St. Marks, which, duringg a season of rainy weather, are impracticable, without the aid of boats; but the country being generally open, will admit of good roads, when the weather is moderately d(try. I have not a doubt but the uarmyn may march with considerable faIhcility, from thle Appalachicola to St. John's, or Amelia Island, with the aid of a few vessels, to send provisions, &c. from Fort Scott, down the river, and thence coastwise to the iiiouth of thiu Snwiny river, 130 miles east of tlie Appalachicola, and about 140 miles west, southwest from Amelia Island. The last mentioned distance may be marched in eight days, without wagons or baggage, the troops carrying their own provisions in their haversacks. A movement from Amelia Island, by the way of St. John's and Lochway, as you have suggested, would, I think, produce the desired eflect, in co-operation with the troops from Fort Scott; upon this subject, I shall confer wilh the commander-in-chief of the division. By a letter from Major Bankhead, dated the 17th of this month, I learn that two thousand Spanish troops are reported to have arrived at St. Augustin. Although little reliance can be placed in the report received by Major Bankhead, yet whether it be true or not. I am satisfied his command (220 men) is quite too small to admit of any detachment, other lthan that at Traders Hlill. There should, indeed, be not less than this number stationed at and in thie immediate vicinity of the Hill, and a much greater number upon the frontier between that point and this. By a letter from WV. Harris, Esq. of Telflair, I am informed that a party of Indians killed a Mr. Daniel Dikes, and his fainily, a few days past, on the St. 'illa, about forty miles from the town of Jackson, TIelfair court. house. I immediately detached a troop of cavalry in pursuit of the Indians, and at the same time sent out a detach. meant of infantry to reconnoitre the country, anl secure the intermediate frontier from a similar outrage. Accompanying this I enclose a monthly return of the detachment of Georgia militia under Brigadier General Glasscock, which was not received until this d(lay; I had cotnfidelntly believed that the proper returns otf this detach. mnent had been duly forwarded by Major Nicks, who mustered and inspected the same, to the Adjutant and Inspec- tor general'ss office. With extreme regret I have to state that the expected co-operation on the part of that detachment has entirely failed. An attempt to obtain volunteers to continue in service until the arrival of the detachment from Major General Floyd's division, produced but forty men. The enclosed report of Major Wright, assistant adjutant general, contains a discouraging, picture of' that detachment. It cannot be expected at this place before the 10th of next month, nor is it probable that more than two hundred and fifty or three hundred out of tile five hundred called for, can be got into service. The enclosed papers, No. 1 to 4, contain copies of my last correspondence with the contractor's agent. The acting quartermaster, Lieutenant Keiser, has purchased the greater part of the provisions issued during the present month, and is now engaged in the purchase of thirty thousand rations, the greater part of which is ntw on the way to Fort Scott, by the way of Flint river. I o pay for these supplies, I have been under the necessity of borrowing ten thousands( dollirs from thle Governor of Georgia, upon a promise to replace the amount in three months from the 23d instant. I had taken the liberty to send to Augusta a draft upon t!ie Department of War for fifteen thousand dollars, but could not obtain money on the draft without suffering a discount of 2.per cent. which was totally inadmissible. 'I He fifteen thousand dollars, forwarded by your order, being required to pay the expense of transportation, for which this sum will be insufficient. I have to request that you will be pleased to order the sum of ten thousand dollars, on account of the supply of' rations to be forwarded to .his excellency Governor Ratibun, to replace that sum advanced by him. I have the honor to be, most your obedient servant, respectfully, EDMUNDED UND P.. GAINES. The lion. JoHN C. CALHOUN, Secretary of War. No. I. SiR: lHEAD-QUARTxrRS:, HARTFORD, GEORGIA, January 12, 1818. I have received your report, in which you state that you have some rations "on the way," but you do not state where, or in what quantities, they are to be fiund. Let me be informed upon this subject without delay. Having been informed by Brigadier General Glasscock that he has not been regularly supplied with rations by you; that he had advanced you two thousand dollars to purchase pork for the detachment of Georgia miilitia under his command, (which I directed you to forward to this place for that detachment,) I learn that you have not complied with my requisition or order. Should this apparent neglect remain longer unexplained, your continuance as contractor's agent, or as suttler, within the limits of my command, will be no longer tolerated. Your most obedient servant, E. P. GAINES, M(j. Gen. Commanding. Captain 0. W. CALLIS, Contractor's igent, Fort Iluwkins.

No. 2. SIR: HAIRTFo,), January 24, 1818. Your communication of the 12th is received. To thle several subjects therein referred, and to others, I have the honor to reply as follows: The rations reported to have been on hand were at Fort Hawkins, Creek Agency, Fort Mitchell, and Fort Gaines' estimated, at Fort Hawkins, say ten or fillfteen thousand rations of pork and beef, and of flour four or live thousand rations; at the Agency, nine thousand rations of flourt, with a considerable quantity of the smaller parts; at Fort Mitchell ten thousand rations of flour, with a very small quantity of vinegar; arnd at Fort Gaines, say six or seven thousand rations of flour. The two thousand dollars received of General Glasscock I did not understand were to be applied exclusively to the purchase of pork. My disbursements in the purchase of' provision have considerably exceeded that sum since the receipt of it, which was on the 1oth of l)ecember last. Of this Ifact I shall be able to convince the general, b a reference to my books, and other vouchers on that subject. It is true that the balance of pork left at Fort Hawk-in was not forwarded to this in with this from no disposition place compliance your orders; non-compliance proceeded transporting it. In to evade or treat with indifference the orders of the general, but for want of immediate means of want short, allow me to assure you, sir, that ift' I have, or if I may disobey your orders, it is alone ascribable to the of the means for compliance. With regard to the flour refused at Fort Hawkins, afterwards transported to and sold 18Z8.J DEFEAT OF THE SEMINOLE INDIANS, &c. 695

at this place to the troops, by Mr. Lavake, I report that it was never the property of the contractor; that it was inspected and refused as his; that it was transported and sold by him, without the knowledge or consent of the contractor or his agent. . I have the honor to be, most respectfully, your obedient servant, 0. W. CALLIS, Contractor's dgent. Major Gen. E. P. GAINES, Commanding, .'c. No. 3. HEAO-QUARTERS, HARTFORD, GEORGIA, January 19, 1818. The army contractor is hereby required to provide for the daily issue of two thousand complete rations to United States' troops and militia, at the new fort now building on Flint river, near the Chehaw village, and to have in store at that fort, by the 20th day of next month, (February,) sixty thousand complete rations; the meat part of which to consist of good pickled pork or bacon. --- ~BE. . P. GAINES, Maj. Gen. Commanding. BENJAMIN G. ORR, Esq. Jrmy Contractor, or iis gentn, Fort Hawkins. No. 4. SIR: ItRT'OnD, J(anuary 24, 1818. I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your requisition, under (late of the 19th. and to report that the contractor, cannot comply with it in full; but that there is engaged to the contract to have been delivered at Fort Hawkins, on the 20th of this month, seventy thousand rations of pork, which, together with the provisions the money I have, or may have, will procure, shall be furnished tie troops. I have the honor to be, Imost respectfully, your obedient servant, 0. W. CALLIS, Contractor's .gent. Major General GAILES. Mjor Gena SIl: FORT Scour, January 12, 1818. On the 16th instant I had the honor to inform you of the arrival of the vessels in charge of Brevet Major Muh- lenburg, and to enclose to you the resignation of 1st Lieutenant. Sharp, of the corps of artillery, the acceptance of which I recommended, on account of his intemperate habits. Since that period, Lieutenant Johnson of thie same corps, has tendered his resignation, which is herewith enclosed. I would also recommend that his wish to leave the service should be gratified, as his conduct in a skirmish with the Indians some time since was not such as to evidence his being well qualified for the profession of arms. I have permitted him and Lieutenant Sharp to be absent until the acceptance of their resignations may be pub- lished, unless otherwise ordered; and herewith enclosed is a copy of Lieutenant Sharp's letter of resignation. On tile 4th instant I crossed the Flint river, about fourteen miles above this post, and proceeded to Fowltown, which had been deserted. I burnt it, and on the next (lay arrived at Allapulges, a small town about fourteen miles southeast of this post. It had also been abandoned,-and the cattle and stock of every kind removed, as had been the case-at Fowltown. I am informed'they have gone to )or beyond the Okolokne river, there to place their women and property in greater security, and better prepare themselves for war. They continue to have considerable intercourse with the Indians at Chatahoochee, many of whom were with them, and assisted in the destruction of Lieu- tenant Scott and his party, andi in thle attack on our vessels ascending the river', under lthe command of Brevet Major Muhlenburg. You have herewith a copy of a letter from Mr. Irvin, commanding at Fort Gaines. I cannot believe the information it contains, yet I have been informed, a few days since, that the Indians on the Chatahoochee, below Fort Gaines, have received information from the agent of the Creek nation that they are to use their pleasure in joining us, as we are thle aggressors. But few of them require great inducement to act in the war, but most if on our side; and should the war with the Lower Creeks terminate on the terms represented by Mr. Irvin, it will be risking but little to say the peace will be of short duration. The force of this place is much too small to advance against the enemy, and I have not received the least information oft the Georgia militia or McIntosh's Indians, except what is contained in Mr. Irvin's letter, or a line fri'om General Gaines since his departure. I have but about two days' rations of meat, and something upwards of thirty days' rations of flour on hand, and without advice of additional supplies being on the way; and should Captain Birch, who is now at Fort Gaines with a command of one hundred anti twenty men, for the purpose of obtaining beet, not succeed, and the contractor's agents persist in neglecting their duty much longer, the consequences must be disastrous to the and the inhabitants of the Chatahoochee. greatly troops I have sent Captain Cummings to the bay, for the purpose of obtaining information should any vessel arrive there with provision, and will (1o all in my power to maintain my position; yet I do greatly fear my best exertions to do so will flil. I detached a sergeant and four mounted men, on express, to Fort Hawkins, on the 2lst ultimo, and have not since heard oft them. I shall write to the Creek agent by the present opportunity, and enclose to him a copy of Mr. Irvin's letter. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, M. ARBUCKLE, LieuLa Cot. 7th Major General ANDrgw JACKSON, Inf. commanding. Commanding Southern Division, Nashville, Tennessee. N. B. Since writing the above, I have received a letter from General Gaines, dated on the 20th ultimo, at Hart- ford. l'he contractor's agent in that quarter, I am informed, has failed, and the militia are now about thirty miles above this, badly supplied with provision. Captain Birch has informed me that he will be able to obtain thirty or forty head of beef cattle at Fort Gaines; he will be compelled to take them, as the people refuse to sell. M.A. FORT SOOTT, January 13, 1818. I received your letter of the 20th ultimo, yesterday, after writing to Major General Jackson; a copy of my letter to hin is enclosed, which will exhibit to you the state of things in this quarter. I have heard nothing more of Colonel Brearly or the militia, except that they were within twenty-five miles of the Flint river on the 4th instant. Brockman wrote to me on that date, and informed me that he was engaged procuring provisions for the militia, the contractor having failed to supply. This with the information you gave on that subject, has induced me to contract with Mr. McCualloh to deliver fifteen thousand rations of meat at this post, in twenty days from this time, at twelve and a half cents per ration. Should he fulfil his agreement, and Captain Birch succeed in procuring thirty or forty head of beef I think that the sio sare received fiom New Orleans. acattle, supply will last troops until provi- number ot them. Our horses have distemper among them, which I fear will destroy a great I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, M. ARBUCKLE, Lieutenant Colonel Commannding. Major General E. P. GAINMS, Commanding E. S. D. S. St Mary's, Georgia. MIIITARY AFFAIRS. [iftt

FORT Scorr, January 18, 1818. SIR: I Iha. rcceivped itnfoitrmation this evening, which I have no doubt mIay be relied (on, that the whole or the tretaler poril!oifithe hot1ile Inldianx arei to have a ineeting soimnewhere tear the mouth ill I"I'int river, oit the 21t o l1tlaii,Iblr' he pit)irpiseoet:fcotlCerting imeasluretis orlte delsirucliontof ihe inhabitants o the Ch itahoochee, ani the reiltiiili Io th't)i:p.l. IIIn the latter object tleyte xpect to succeed, owing io o trWatt it supplies. "n'd theircal. (:Culii arlin iltwintWilhotirIatittsolab' proeltoeCtti' SUCCeSS, i.olduhnoIt1111tlICml li exertiot.iis,, be mIade1 to supply us from yo'r quirlier, ats this rmi)llmiidl hast bet.nt wtithot meat lit this litme lt'r live oir six (lays, and have Iarely a lqpe fit' receiving,a. Iitte'plaryY,,11)I su pply,b)y it c'iolmnli d seitlti Fort Gailues foir the pnir ose ofcilleclltig ait few beef cattle, I have hi ard I litn tilei bay this: evenitig;. one. vessel has arrived there with clihiig atid idmilitary stores, having on I)alld very liltte, if lI.y. tillore r'ovisioii.s titan will berequired by thie command oil boardIot her, anid without eel litit iltfollrmatioll Io other vessels heilllg on the way. I have tI request youu will Ilet tile hear rloilml you without loss of time, andti that you will inform mne of a prospector supplies ftroiim'yillr quarter. I ain, sir, Imost respectfully, your obedient servant, MNI. A It BUC K LE, Lieutenant Colonel Commanding. Brigadier (eneral (LI,A.sSCOC(K, (/Chchw town, Flint river.

DlP'ArMrENT OF WAR, .J1Ugu8.1,, 1818. SIR: The !'resident ha:tvinig determined(Iit restore St. MNarks alld PenIsac(li, withItheBtirati'icas, to the Spanish authority, I all11dlrrcll 'J 1i. ishc ordersi too Callla his detel'mttitlliotlu illto t'll td. YVou Will, ltco( dii gly, give ihe Ittceh.S.tl'y iid(lt'S tioi (he C(i:linlln(alalt itt Pellsrl('!lI ti siiUrelitler lltat place, llvial alt l3lilaticas, to aillyi,)Sp.lislh oHi. cer iirly'l aulhor'i.d(I ti receive themi. Auihulity fromltite Goverio(r Gen.eral ait tIie I lavilalnht, orilthe Sp.llish nillister, ID)oi 011(is, is considered S.ulhciont ; r', ill case tie 0 iverlior, late ill iossessol oil W et.l Florid(la,h!oiD Jose1 Mas.il, should hii.self,11 pearl toltrecceivi. )tis.essioll, it will b restored to hlimll (ll his oWil Iutlti',riy. St. MNarks will be re.stor'd tot ti.heI lateis .S'|anli.h.~ co1nillall1, holdd lie$ appeart to receive~ s~~~~~itI or to ally o(hiceraJhavingt If snmilr ,ullo. rity, as il Ilhe case of Ilensaci(dIa; provided lie is accoitnlal ledi with aI sutliciell force Io girrisiti it, sit)i as tIo pievcnt .the pt..t r lthinis.e i.id by thli ho.lile I iiuilis. Its siltuatioll ill the midst oiI iht hostile I ialls reielitrs illis pec't;ulii nece-,tsi'y. Vou. wh lihave an accurate knowledge ol' he sr,'etlg of,li' Iialti.-s, and of the po.s, will It: hillIt give precise ilstructiolls inl thisilipoinlt. It is sullicient that the Spaniih forcu b)u so colsiderabieu as will probably pIrevent ally attemitpt I)y i'IheIdItia tto occupy it. PublicIproperty wall e)e stored ill ithe coind(itiioll, is far as practicable, in which it was taken possession of. On evacitiing these poits, you will make such arraniementeIs as will be tIhe best cilcillated to hold ltIhIlialls, still remlainliig hoIstile, ill clithtck. andl 141 cover or I' frolitie . To ell'ct the-e objects, it is thought tihtt it will int bene. cessary il take post to lie west of(t' the AIpahlachictlo, within the Floaila lilte, as tie I tlilies. il that (qUiarler as;idre to bIe %ely iicolsiderahle. Ymou will, acctordlilgly, station (ethrotil s Shich aniy be thought to be nuces4iiay lii,' the pI)oteclioi i l' hata(iportionll of thle f1ol')tietr onil oir side ol' the line, unless your iulmpressi( lshould be dec.d(I differ.- et froInt llt11, I Ihave Stilted; ill which evernlt, you will take pa.st lit any polite mhich ymayyou judge proper wilthil lthe coulityi.pssessed by tlte I(iditns. O(n the east of the Aplp.altchicola you may station the trips oil either side of the line, ilas ypu ma3y jludle proper. Fort Galdsldert, besides admlittinug ot greatt facility for supplies, apperas t. be a very comallditntalt1g poItioiIn, and ought not to )be evacuated. Should you think sto, yoil will retain it, arild garrison it withit .ulicient filrce. I trust yot will be able to make such adistribution of your command as to afford, with vigilance, effectual pro. tection to (lihe Imrontier, without resorlitng to tile miilitia. It is oftl great iimportaitlce, if the iulitia can be lispisised wilhi, lot to call heut i into actual service, as it is h1,rassing to t(hem and exhausting to the treasury. Protectioti is the tirst object, and the second is protection by tihe regular force. I have, &c. J. C. CALHOUN. Brevet Major General E. P. GAINH:, Fort Hlawkin.s, Georgia.

DEPARTMENT OF WVAII, J.ugtUst 19, 1818. ~IR: I send the enclosed extract from tihe letter of the Secretary tof State to the Spanish minister, ill relation to St. NMa ks willa Petnsacil'a. MNy ilnstraclitiis lo yuatl, (of1' ttIi' ihinfant, contained thle substance of hli.k exact; titttl lily object ill coini11tilllicaltihg it 11oW, is, bhat you muay be ill possession of tlhe precise ideas communicated to the Spanish minister, ill case ally dilicuialy .should occur. I have, &c. General E. P. GAIN.ES. J. C, CALhOUN.

RIIEAD-qUAR'TERS, DIVISION ov TiHE SowrT, NASHVILLE, January 20, 1818. In a comnlmurlication to you of file I1tlh instant, I ncknowledg'd Ilthe reclipt of your ordtler of thle 2huthu.lfitm, anid allvised yi of thealltppteal I thad made to the patrioti.-4on oft (lie West ''eilltesseealls. OII yetsterd(ly, tle ollicelr whui haidtHO gallantly heudeul the Tentnessee mounted volunteers dur'itg the Creek campaigns, mnet aie ait this place, and gave every assurance o'f their ability to assemble two rtegimellts ofitmouited gun-tmen bilthe 31st irnstatil, at any designtaled point within lthe western part of this State. I have ordered themtto rendezvous at Fayettevillt', a.nui u many as tay appear oti) the 31st instinti, or the 1st of February, to be mustered aind received into service fir Ni fl)11 Its (i' ot sooner discihartged) hy ly inspect eeral. tcri sheeictittut a ilst'uctiulis ti issue to thse toops twently day. rations. and (,every measure litas been adopted to facilitate their march, via Fort Jackson, by thle most pr.cticible route, tot Fort Scott. 'These tri(lops will be well supplied as far as Fort Jackson, and there the necessary provisiints Italy be obtained and pat kedi to answeherie ilmeldiatle waults, untilthey are ilnter'cep)tedl by supplies Irtan below. MAjijor Faniaiig has been dispatched tIi Fi t Hlawkins to purchase aind forward on these supplies to (he most coliveliunit oint l1 illntercIeption. I have advanced to hitt two thoiusanml dollars, with authorIty to draw on the quartermaster general for any additional sums wanted, and imposed upon him thie temporary duties of (lepuly uar termaster general. I am compelled to this arrangement iirom all imipressimiltathathere can be it.)ofilceratilte quarlertiastei's department in (hat vicinity of Fort Hawkins, and Coltonel Gibson could not possibly reach that o ... neighlboltrhootl eflect tile objects wished. . My inspector general, Colonel Ilayne, (no brigadier general having volunteered his services,) is charged with CAlMiductlog the march uif the two'egianents tf''Tennesisee volunteers tio tihe southern irintier, ., FtI-il thile co(lte.s ofColonel Ai buckle's and Mljori Muhlienburg's letters, copies of which are herewllh encloli, you will readily perceive that thle fouImer maust remain inactive, anti that (he latter is in a dangerous sitUato., very informnlatilon from our southern firontier' justifies the decisive measures I have taken. aittil urges the priumlpt movelmelint ofd the volunteers called into service. I trust you will view the subject in the same light, and tlatrmy arrangements may meet with your entire approbation. ttfs.] DEFEAT OF THE SEMINOLE INDIANS, &c. 697

The troops on our with Tennessee volunteers called into service, will enablenowassembled(me to i!flicit speedy andsouthernmeritedboundary.chastisegmentreinforced(the deludedtlhe Seminoles. I remain here to facilitate every arrangement I r Ithe prompt movement of the'tennessee d(etachment,.but will leave this on the 22d inst. for F*rt Scott, via Volt Hawkins. Fromn Colonel Arbuckle's letter I am advised of the departure of General Gaines from Foirt Scott; and the newspaper communicate the information iof Ihe Georgia conlingency being commanlide(d by a brigadier general. As he must cormsequientlly be the commanding officer ofi he forces in the neighboihooiid of Fort Scott, I have this d(lay directed in4st uclions to him by no means to precipi ate himself' into a general eliigelnent with thile Seminoles, but at all hazards to relieve, it' possible, MajorMuhlenburg f'rmoin his present situation, aIl cover his ascent up the AppalPchicola river. I have Wfurtler advised him of mymovements, aind diirectedl that hlie should remain on the de- fellnsive, collect all the necessary supplies, antid have every preparation made tIor an active campaign as soon as reinforced by hle Tennesseeans. General Gaines hals been notified of this order. I have no later advices from him than that of' the 2d of Decem- ber. inflorming me of' Ihe catastrophe of Lieutenant Scott and party. Your letter, enclosing yIour general order of the 29th ultimlo, hlas been received. Like yourself, I have no other feelings to gratify than ihose connected with the public gooid, and it gives me pleasure to find that we coincide in thse opintionls calculated to produce it. IResponsibility now rests 'where it should, onl the officer issuing the order; Ild filhe principl)e acktnowledged(I is calculated to insure that subordination so necessary to the harmonious movement of every part of the military Inmachine. It would atlfford me much pleasure to communicate with you on all military points which my experience may enable inmc to elucidate. With respect, &c. ANDREW JACKSON, Major General Commanding. Hon. J. C. CALHOUN, Secretary of TWar.

Extract of a letterfrom J. C. Calhoun, Secretary of War, to Mqjor General indrewo Jackson, dated JANUARY 29, 1818. Your letters of (the 12!h and 131h instant are received. The measures you have taken to bring an efficient force into ithe field ai rIe anprobated; ii ltI a conliimint hope is entertained that a speedy and successful termination of' the Indian war will Ill ow your exertions.

Extract of a letterfrom the Secretary of War to Mpor General .lndrew Jackson, dated DEPA'RTMEN'T OF WAR, February 6, 1818. I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of' ynur'letter of the 20th ultimo, and to acqulainrit you wilh the entire spprobation of tlhe President of all thel measures which you have adopted to terminate llie rupiure with the Indians. l'he honom(r o mour arms, as well is the interest ofi' (mr, coiintry re(quilres, that it shoulId be as speedily terminatled as practicable; and thle confidence irepo-ed in your skill and promptitude assures us that peace will be restored on such conditions as will make it honorable and permanent.

Extract of a letterfrom Major General dreww J.ackson to the Secretary of Wac/r, dated FORT HAWKINS, .February 10, 1818. I reached this place last evening, when I learned, by sundry communications received from Brevet Major General Gaines, that lile (Geo'gima militia, under General Glasscock. had all retu rned home. Ithaving (lihe frontier in a very ex- ipsed situation. lThe regular tirops at Fort Scott have been out Eft' provisions, but the means adopted by Major General Gaines to remedy that evil, induces a strong presumpti(iton Ithat they are by this time supplied; which, with the stores ordered by me froin New Orlean, will, I trust, aftlrd us an ample supply f'or the campaign. 'The contractor having faliled, Genmral (aiiities has, by my order. directed the quartermaster lo purchase provisions, in which lie has suicceed(led so ftlir as Ilto procureione thousand one huntidred hogs, and a sufficiency of bread stuf'; this will march the troops to and I rimt the seat (if' waiti. I amin without any official advice as to the preparation and march of the late requisition from the State of' Georgia.

Extract of a letterfrom General Andrew Jackson to the Secretary of W1r, dated HARTFORD, GEORIOA, February 14, 1818. I arrived at this place on the evening of the 12th, and here met with General Gaines. From a letter received from the Governor of' Geormgia, advising Iof' the move me(l t of the militia fromthlie several counties to) lhe (e esignate(d point if' rendezvous, as wel as the punctuality with which tie troops have assembledl here under General Gains's has induced a that I shall be enabled to make a and march for the relief of Fort Scott.requisition, hope prompt speedy I enclose you a copy of a letter from Colonel B. G. O'rr to Captain Callis, contractor's agent at Fort Hawkins. From the sum with which hlie states to have furnished his agents ill this colunltry, you can judge hoiw fiar efficient means have been adopted to insure the necessary supplies to the troops heretolore in service, as well as those sum- nionedl toi the field un(lermho late requisition. The imode ouf provisiloning an army by contract is iot adlled( to the prompt and efficient movement of troops. It may answer inl time lof' proflinitid peace, where a failure orilay cannot produce any serious ill consequences; but where active operations are necessary, nid success (dependent on prompt and quick movements, there is no dependence to be placed on the contractor. His views are purely mer- cenary; and where the supplies will not insure him a profit, lie hesitates not (min a failure, never regarding hIow far it may defeat tile best devised plans of' thile commander 'in-chief. Experience has confirmed me in this opinion, and the recent failure has prompted me again to express it. The plan which has been adopted to procure the necessary supplies for the army, to transport them to Fort Scott, mnd the quantity otherwise ordered to that point, will, I hope, relieve me from n1!y embarrassment on that account until a decisive blow has been struck upon the enemy. I have been su f'requently embarrassedl flromni the failures ofi contractors, that I cannot but express a hope that some other more efficient and certain mode of supplying ourt army may be adopted: such a plan a.4 will render those charged with the execution of' so important a trust responsible to military and to severe and merited whenever at the discretion of a «ait martial.authority, exposed chastisemeents, defaulters, 698 MILITARY AFFAIRS. £i8t8.

HEAD-QUARTERS, DIVISION OF THE SOUTH, FORT EARLY, Februaryj 26,1818. In my last fromilartfird, Georgia, of the 14th instant, I expressed a hope hat the plans adopted to procure supplies for the detachment from eorga transport theto etcott, ee w e quantity ordered to that point, would relieve me from many embarrassments on that account, until ait decisive blow could be struck upon tihe etiiemy. . The Georgia detaclihment marched from their encampment, near Hartfibrd, on the 19th instant, and on that night General Gaines received a letter from Lieutenant Colonel Arbuckle. commanding at Fort Scott, containing such intelligence of his intfention to abandon that post, in the event of not receiving supplies in a short given tinme, as induced him (General Gaines) to set out that night, and, if possible, by reaching the place in time to prevent such a disastrous movement. The General has, as hIe cotimtiunicated to me, ordered a large supply of provisions to the Creek agency to be transported inll boats to Fort Scott and this place, which would serve until that ordered from Mobile (by himself) should arrive; indt niiider that order did calculate on meeting two boats loaded with flour, on his reaching ,thl place, but was deceived, having arrived here on the night of the 20th, which hI, left on tle evening of the lst, in a small bo(;t with twelve menr. On the night of the 22d 1 received, by express, a letter directed to General Gainlles, and dated the 19th instant, frotn Captain Melvin of' the 4th infiIntry, who had been charged by General Gaines to build the boats at the Agenicy, and have the provisions transported thence, stating that two boats would be finished in (wo dIays which would transport upwards of(' one hundred barrels of flour each); these I hadl strongly calculated on, but they have not arrived. The excessive rains have rendered the roads so bad that 1 ordered tlhe troops, on their march here, to take their' b)agg;age on ti(he wagon horses, and abandon the wagons; this facilitated their march to this placet, which they reached to-day; and eleven hundred men are now here without a barrel of flour or bushel of corn. Wo have pork on Ifot; and to-mo)rrow I shIall proceed for Fort Scott, and endleavor to procure fromin the Indians a supply of corn tlait will aid in subsisting the detachment until we reach that place. how those failures have Ihappened under the superintendence of regular officers I cannot imagine, but blame must rest somewhere, and it shitll be strictly investigated as soon as circumstances will permit. The waters are unusually high. and the ground so rotten that it is with much difficulty even pack-horses can pass. Every stream we are compelled either to bridge or swim. I have the hollnor to be, &c. AN I)REW JACKSON, Major General Commanding, lion. JolN C. CALIIOUN, Secretary of ffar.

IHIAD-QUAITERS, DIVISION OF THE SoUTi', Font GADSDF.N, (East bank of the Appalachicola river, formerly Negro Fort,) Marchi 25, 1818. Sin: At seven o'clock, P. 5I. on the 9th instant, I reached Fort Scott, with the brigade of Georgia militia nine hundred bayonets strong, and somni of' the friendly Creeks who had joined me o!n my march a fewv days befroe, where fielding but one quart of corn per man, aind ait few poor cattle, which. added to the live pork I brought along, would give us three days' rations of' meat, determined me at once to use this small suply to the bust advantage. Accordingly, having been advised by Col. Gibson, (quartermaster general, that he would sail from New Orleans on the 'l'hof'" F,'b'a,'y with suppli,'s, and heiig, also advised that two sool)ps with provisions were in (lihe bay, andti .n officer had been idespat.ii'd from lort Scott in a large keel-boIat to bring up a part of their loading, and deemiing (hat the preservation (id' Il.se supplies would be to preserve the army, and enable Ime to prosecute the camnipaign, I assumed the command otn tl( mltoirning of the 101th; ordered the live stock slaughtered, and issued to the troops with one (quart of corn to Ielchtialn, mlndl'the line of' matIch to be taken up atit twelve meridian. Having to cross the Flint river, which w.as very high, combined with some neglect in returning the boats (luring a very dark night, I! was unable to move froom the opposite bank until nine o'clock, on the morning of thie 11th, when I took uip my line of march down the east bank ol owth river for this place, touching the river as often as practicable, looking lor the provisiom bo,)ats which were ascending, and which I was fortutlnate( enough to meet on the 13th, when I ordered an extra ration to thle troops, they not having received a full one of meal or flour since their arrival atit Fort Early. On that dal my artroles cap)tui'ed three p)risomers, and found somei hidden corn. On the morning of the 14th I ordered the boat down the river to this place, whilst I diescenldedl by land and reached here, without interruption, on the 10th. The eligibility of' (his spot as at depot(determined tie, and I immediately directed my aid-dIc-camp, Lieutenant Gadstlden, of the engineer corps, to furnish a plan for, and superintend the. erection of, a fortification. His talents and indeflhtigable zeal, displayed in the execution of' this order, induced me to nanie it Fort 0adsden to which he is justly entitled. On miy arrival here I immediately despatched the boat to the bay for the balance o' the provisions known to b)e there, and to ascertain whether the flotilla, in charge of Colonel Gibson, had reached there. mnud which rettiurled on (he 19(th with tlhe unpleasitig intelligence that nothing had been heardI t'fromithe flotilla from New Orleans, since it was seen passing Fort Bfiwyer. I immediately put the troops on half rations, and pushed thfe completion of tire fort, for the protection of' the provisions, in thle event of' their arrival, intending to march forthwith to the heart otf the enemy, tind endeavor to subsist upon him. In the mean time, I despatcied Major Fantning, ofthe corps of artillery, to take another look into the bay, whose return, otl the morlnilig of thIe 23d, brought the information tiat Colonel Gibsoon, with )one gunboat and three transports, and others ill sight, were in the bay. Otn the same night I received other illformlatioll that no more had arrived. I am, therefore, apprehensive that some of the sinaller vessels have been lost, as one gunboat went to pieces, and another, when last spoken, had one foot of water in her hliold all the vessels had been spoken after a gale that dispersed them. A north and north- west wind has prevailed fortn' six days, but has fortunately changed this morning. I amn now awaiting a boat frona the bay (which is expected to-day) to complete eight days' rations fotr my troops, upon which I mean to march. From inform'natiorf received front Pensacola and New Orleans I have no doubt but that St. Marks is in possession of the Indians. The G(overnot ot,' Pensacola inforinmed (Captain Call, of the 1st infantry, (now here1) that the Indians had demanded arms, ammunition, and provisions, or the possession of the garrison of St Marks of the commandant1 and thathe presumed possession would be given from inability to defend it. The Spanish Governienet is bound by treaty to keep her Indians at peace with us. They have acknowledged their incompetency to (do this, and are consequently bound' by the law oft' nations, to yield us all fathcilities to reduce them. Under this consideration, should I be able, I shall take possession of the garrison as a depot ftor my supplies, should it be found in the hands of thi Spaniards, they having supplied the Indians; but if in the hands oh the enemy 1 will possess it, tor the benefit of the United States, as a necessary position for me to hold, to give peace and security to this frontier, and put a final end to Indian warfare in the South. Finding it very difficult to supply Fort Crawford on the Canecub by land I have ordered the supplies for that garrison by water, andl written to the Governor of Pensacola that, if hie interrupts them during the present Inudian war, I shall view it as aidin our enemy, and treat it as an act of hostility; and stated to him the propriety, under existing circumstances, of his affording all facilities to put down their own as well as our enemies, and that our Governments while negotiating, can take the subject under consideration, but, in the mean time, our provisions must pass to gort Crawford by water without interruption. .. , in mine of the 14th February, from Hartford I informed you of the means adopted to procure supplies, andim my last of thile 26th, from Fort larly, I Informed you of their situation. To those communications I beg leave to refer you. I have only to add that I left Fort Early for Fort Scott, and subsiAted my troops on ground peas, corn, 1818s.] DEFEAT OF THE SEMINOLE INDIANS, &c. 699 and pork, that I could occasionally procure frorv the Indians, with some pork I had on foot, the whole subsistence for man and horse not costing five hundred dollars. Of all the supplies purchased for the relief of Fort Scott, and the support of the Georgia militia, not one pound was received until I passed Fort Scott. I said it my last that blame rested somewhere. TIne cause of those failures will, in due time, be a subject of investigation, and Colonel Brearly has been arrested on the application of General Gaines. By some strange fatality, unaccountable to me, the Tennessee volunteers have not yet joined me; they promptly left their homes, and thr:uglh the inclement weather reached Fort Mitchell, where I had ordered them supplyies, and where Colonel Hayne, who led them, met my instructions to pass by Fort Gaines, where he would get a supply of corn that would enable him to reach Fort Scott; but the idea of starvation had stalked abroad, ait panic appears to have spread itself every where, anid he was told that they were starving at Fort Gaines and Iort Scott, aani he was induced to pass into Georgia for supplies. His men and officers, as reported to me, were willing to risk the worst of' consequences on what they had to join mie; however, they have been marched fiom their supplies to a country stripped( of them, when every consideration should have induced his advisers to have urged him on to secure the supplies in the bay, and preserve themselves and Fort Scott .from starvation. I have a hope they will join me before Ipreach :St. Marks, or the Mekasuky towns; this would be desirable, as,; the troops ordered Ifrom New Orleans, to protect the supplies, have not reached the bay, and leaving garrisons at Forts Scott and Gadsden weakens my force much; the whole effective strength of the regulars being-but three hundred and sixty privates. In mine of' the 26th ult., from Fort Early, I stated that despatches received by General -Gaines on the 19th instant, from the commanding officer at Fort Scott, induced him to set out that night for Fiort Scott to prevent its abandonment, &c. Int his passage down the Flint lie was shipwrecked, by which he lost his assistant adjutant general, Major C. Wright, tand two soldiers, (drowned.) The general reached me six d(lays after, nearly exhausted hyhunger and cold, having lost his baggage and clothing, and being compelled to wander in lite woods four and a hial days without any thing to subsist on, or any clothing except a pair of' pantaloons. I am happy to have it in my power to say that hlie is now with me, at the head ol' his brigade, in good health. The great scarcity of subaltern officers, in the 4th and 7(th regiments of infialntry, has induced me to appoint several young ment, present, as second lieutenants in the regiments, lwho, from personal knowledge, and good recoinm- mendations, I have nto doubt, will prove themselves worithy, and, I trust, will meet with, thIe approbation of the President. A list of their names, and the regiments to which they are attached, will be furnished (lthe adjutant and inspector general, by my adjutant general. ANDREW JACKSON, Major General Commanding. P. S. Since writing the above I have the pleasure to inform you that the boat from the bay his arrived with provisions; also Colonel Gibson and Captain MNcKeever of the navy. I shall move to-morrow, having made the necessary arrangements with Captain McKeever for his co-operation in tri nsporting my supplies around to the bay of St. Marks, from which place I shall do myself' thie honor of communicating with you. Should our enemy attempt to escape with his supplies and booty to the small islands, and from thence carry on a predatory warfare, the assistance otf the navy will prevent his escape. General Mcintosh, commanding tihe fi'ieidly Creeks, who had been ordered to reconnoitre the right batik of the Appalachicola, reported to ime on the 19th that litehlad captured, without the fire of a gun, one hundred and eighty women and children and fifty-three warriors of the Red GrounId chief's party, with their cattle and supplies; the chiefand thirty warriors maLking their escape or horseback. Ten of thle warriors, attempting to escape after they had surrendered, were killed by the general. A. J. The Hon. J. C. CALHOUN, Secretary of War.

CoosAnDA, NEA,FowiT JcKsoN, Alarcli 27, 1818. SIR: Having arranged the affairs of' the territory, as far as was practicable, I left St. Stephens, the 14th instaint, with the intention oh proceeding to Georgia forin' miy family. At the town of' Claiborne, the next day, intelligence reached me that, on the night of the 13thl, a party of Indians had attacked a house on the Federal road, about sixty- five miles distant from that place, ani mudtered eight persons. I immediately ordered a detachment of mounted militia into service, and proceeded with them to the place. At the same time, apprehending the murderers might attempt to escape to Florida, the asylum for our enemies, I transmitted a communication, by express, to the conm- manding officer at Fort Crawford, notifying him of my arrangements, and desiring a force to be sent from thie fiort, in two detachments, along certain routes, to the place of rendezvous. ' lie express was also instructed to overtake moe. I accordingly received information Iroin Major Young, that my request hadt been executed. The detachments were marched with a promptitude honorable to the major; and, 1 trust, they will be enabled, with thIe aid of the militia, to arrest tihe progress of thie hostile party. Understanding that thle inhabitants, in this quarter, considered themselves in much danger' I issued (lie necessary orders for the disposition of the troops, and proceeded hither. I have since been correctly informed, that thie morning I left thie place of rendezvous, five men, riding on the road in that neighborhood, were fired oni by the Indians; three killed and omtewounded; in this state of things it is indispensable to tihe safety of' thle country, that troops should be stationed at several points; and I have taken measures, as fitar as I can, foIbr that object. I have also issued an order, that all Indians who are hunting in out' woods depart forthwithi to their nation. It hias become necessary to their safety, and to the repose of the inhabitants. We cannot distinguish thIe hostile from the frientlly party; anid such is the state ol' alarm, that the sight ol' an Indian creates among tIme wtiomen and children tile most frightful apprehensions. I have sent a letter to the Big warrior, requesting him to call his people home, and assuring him that my order is dictated by the most friendly motives. Is it not probable, that when the Seminoles are pressed by General Jackson, in the neighborhood of Appalachicola, they will retreat to ourt frontiers, and take revenge on ourdel'enceless inhabitants? I look for it; anid ami without the means of resistance. There aire not more than one hundred regular's at Fort Crawf'ord; and two-thirds of the militia ofthe territory are not yet organized. Not' can I organize them, and appoint thile officers, until time country is laid of' into proper beats. So soon as the Legislature arranged the counties, I issued the necessary instructions on that subject; but owing to high waters, and the want of bm'idges, it is impossible to have them executed at present. There is not, moreover, nor has there been, one dollar in our treasury. You will readily perceive my embarirass- ments, and I earnestly entreat you to place funds at my disposal for thie protection of the people; and, il' practicable, to order a much larger number of' regular troops to-iur frontiers. :. I shall make this my head-quarters for some weeks. I have the honor to be, &c., WM. W. BIBB. Hon. JOHN C. CALHOUN, Secretary of War.

HEAD-QUARTERS, DIVISION.OF THE Sou'rTH, CAMP, NEAR ST. MARKS, /pril 8, 1818.

I wrote you from Fort Gadsden, comnmunicating the embarrassments under which I had labored, previous to my arrival at that post, and my determination, being then in a situation to commence active operations, to pene- tiate immediately into the centre of the Seminole towns. My army marched on the 26th ultimo; and, on the 1st of April, was reinforced by the friendly Creek warriors, under General'Mclntosh, and a detachment of Tennessee volunteers, commanded by Colonel Elliott. On the same day, a mile and a half in advance of the Mekasukean vil.. T700o MILITARY AFFAIRS. 8, ages, a small p:irty oft' hostile Indians were discovered judiciously located on a point of .land projecting into a. extensive lmarshy pond; the position designated, as since ultdelirsto., for thie concentrating of the ne`ro and Ijmli,. forces to give us battle. T'ihey sustalined(I, for a short period, a splilted attack fromn my advanced spy companies' but fled and dispersed ilt ever (dii'ectioli, uponl coming iin contailct Wvith t1y flank columns, and discovelingt a movement. to encircle them.uicitiwas'ouh heMPkaukursui towns,U nightcompellned megh, theNekasunt t g cope oit pel my army. The next lay detachlents were sent out, in every directiontt, to reconnoitre the country, secure all sup. plies found,uandti reduce to ashes the villages. The duty was executed to my satishiaction; nearly three hundred houses were consumed, and ithe greatest abundance of' corn, cattle, &c., brought in. Every indicat.mion of' a ibfstile pirit was found inll the habitations of their chiefs. In the councilithouses of Kenhages town, the Killng t the Me. kLisukians, more than fifty fresh scalps were fioundI and, in the centre of the public square, the ohi Red Stickt *tantard, a red pole, was erected, crowned with the scalps, recognirze(d by (he hair, as torn from the heads of the unfortunate coimpatliils ofl' Scott. As I hiad reason to believe ithat a portion of the. hiostile Indians had fled t» St. Marks, I directed my march towards that fort press. As advised, I fimud that the I ntdiiians aild negroes combined had demanded a surretlder of that work; the Spanish garrison was too weak to defend it, and there were circunh-tatnc reported producing a strong convictions in mlily mind, that, if not instigated by the Spanish authorities, the lndians had received the means of carrying on the war frmn that quartere; foreign agents, who have been loig practising their intrigues and villanits inll this country, had free access into the fort; St. Marks was necessary, as a depot,Io ensure success to Ity operations. These consideraltioins determined nme to occupy it with an Alnerican force. An inventory if lSpani Ih property, unitions it' war, &c,, has been taken and receiptted for; personal rights and private property have beenireJected atndlhicotCmmandant and garrisom ftiurnishd with transportation to Pensacola. My corresp,,ondeice witdi thle Spaiiih commiandants, (he c, idenices under whIch I acted, anind a tleltailed account of my Operations, will be fnrlishedl you as early as practicable. Succesi depen Is uplmon the rapidplty ot lily mIovemlents; to. morrow I shall march for tie 'uwvaney river, the destroying of the estallbiheitts on which will, in toy opinion, put a fiinl close to this savage war,. Captain McKeever of the navy, cruising at my request on this coast , has been fortullnate enough to secure Franci, or llillis laigo, Ihe great prophet, and ll rnaittlenl'.ed, an old Red Stick chief. They visited his vessel under an impression they were Englishl from whom, as they stated, supplies of ioulfition4 of war, &c., under late prmnises, were 'expected. Arbuthnot, a Sctchman, fiilndl suspected a, an instigator of this savage war, was found in St. MuHtj he is inll confinement, until evidences of' his guilt can be cdollcled. I ait your mIost obedient servant, ANDR1EW JACKSON, Major General Commanding.

CAMP, 14 MI1.ES FROM ST. MARKS, ON MARCIl TO SuiWAN.V, ./pril 9, 1818. From evidences furnished me by a NI t. HIambly. there is little room to doubt but that 0one0 of the chiefs, faund slain on t.le field, ,inadvantce of' lite MNeka.sukian villages, was Kvinhagee. Francis, or Htillis lHago, and lornatlle. mied, the p)rime itstigiltors of this war, have been hung. The ltier commanllded the party wiho so inhumanly sacri. ficed Scolt anid his compatnions-. Colonel Dyer, with tohe reaie of' tie nnessee volunteers, is in the neighbor. hood, and will unite with me to-morrow.

AT MANACKS, Jpril 15, 1818. DPV AR 'SlIt: Since I last wrote to you I have received intelligence which makes it necessary for me to return to St. Stephens. I learn that the Indians who cotnmitted the htte inourdiers in this neighb,'hoiod were seen a few dayssince at Pensacola. My situation is extremely unpleasant. I am wilh mt fIund s for the protection of the territory, and totally ignorant of the vlews of' the GovWertlnentt with respect to loridla. A friendly and intelligent Indliati has informed ince that the hostile party, by whom we have been annoyed, are two miles south ol' the Floridam lie, n a creek called Yellow Water, f'iom whence they make incursions upon Ius. And vet I have received no intimatilon from the Executive of the Unitedl States which authorii'ze. me to send troops into the Spanish territory. What orders have been issued to General Jack,;on otn that subject I know nlotl nor itideed an I acquainted in any degree war. with the arranigemlentls oin the part of thile United States l!hr prosecuting tihe present .. . I should be to ascertain the views of' the Governmnent. We have no mails at presentn, and I send this letter glad route St. travellers wlomi I have minet this evening on my to Stephens. . to Georgia by W.WILLIAM. W. BIBB.B. lon.i JoHN C. CALHOUN, Secretary of War.

l-IAn-(A-qUAt'TERS, DIVXSION OF THE SOUTH, 'BowL.v.os TOWN, SUWANEY ItLVER, /lpril 20, 1818. My last communication, dated Camp, before St. Marks, April 8, and those to which it t'eferred, advised you of my movements and operations up to that (late; and, us I then advised you, I marched from that place on the morning of the 9th, On thile evening of tlhe 10th 1 was joitned by thne rear of the Tennessee volunteers, also by the Indians, under General Mclntosh, whom I had left at Mickasuky to scour the country around that place. Althotligh the weather has been dry and pleasant, atd the waters had subsided in a great. (degree, our march might be said t, have been through writer, which kept the infanltry wet to the ai( lide, and( tihe depth oft the swamps, added to tile want ('fftornge, occasioned tile horses to give out (dtily in great numbers. . On the morning of the I2th, near Econfinnah, or Natural Bridge, a party of Indians were discovered on the margin of'a swamlp, and attacked by General Niclntosh, and about fifty T'ennessee volunteers, who routed them, killing thirty-seven warriors, and captu'ing.sixmenanll ninety-seven women and children; also recaptu'ing a white womatnl who hadl been taken at the massacre of Scott. The Iriendly Indians also took some horses, and a oUt five hundred hend of cattle from the enemy, who proved to be McQueen's party. Upon the application of an old woman of the prisoners, I agreed that if' McQueen wats tied nnd carried to the comnlmanliant of' St. Marks, her people should be received in peace, carried to the upper tribes of the Creek nation, and there provisioned until they could raise their own crops. She appeared much pleased with these terms, and I set her at liberty, with written instructions to the commandant of St. Marks to that effect. Having received no further intelligence from McQueen, I am induced to believe the old woman has complied with her part llof the obligation. From St. Marks I marched with eight (lays' rations, those that joinedljne having but five: this was done under in that Ifoutlnded on the oif Indian guide, which I should the expectationotf reaching this place titlne, report tmy faithful which had to have accomplished but for the poverty of my horses, and the continued sheets ol water through we the pas. On the morning of' the 16th, my'scouts overtook a small party of Intlians, killing one man, and capturingguide residue, consisting of one man, and one woman, and two children; and on thliat evening I encamped, as my supposed, within twelve miles otf Suwaney. I marched very early on thle ilth, under the hope ot being able to and attack the Itdlian and negro towns by one (o'clock, P. M., but, much to my re ret, 'at three c_ andencionltpaust after sixteen we reached a remarkable pond. which tecollected, aud reported.o marching miles, myguidle had not six.toiut Ini distant six mile from the object of my march: here I should have halted for thenlghh, d'ndfore '(*uppowd to be spies,) who were discovered, have effected their escpe; this determined me to attemptt, by.a ,uoWemnt,to# parent the removal of their effects, nd, if.,possible,-themeelves, .from,cruosdg ,te. river;,or-.T7 1X18.] DEFEAT OF THE SEMINOLE INI)IANS,&c. 701

rations beiLng out, it was all important to secure their supplies fir lie subsistence of inmy troops. Accordingly my lines of attack were instantly lornied and put in motion ; nnd. nbout sunset, mIy left flaink column, coimpnilsed of the 24 regiment of Tennessee volunteers, comntimanded by Colonel Williaitison, andti it part o( the 'rienldly Indians under Colonel Kanard, having approached the left fltank of' tile centre town and comitneiiced their atheick. caused me to quicken tlie pace of ithe centre, composed of llie regulars, Georgia mililita, and my volunteer Kentucky anid Ten- nessee guards, in order to press the enemy in his centre, whilst ther ight colurn11, composed of the 1st regillient of '"entiessee volunteers, under Colonel Dyer, anl a art Ilof lhe friendly Indlians, headed by General Mclnltosh, who hai, preceded lme, were enilde:ivoring to turn his'jctt and cut oft his retreat to the river. i'lhey. however, having been previously inl(irile(d of ouir' force, by a precipitate retreat, soon crossed the rivei, where it .s believed Colonel Kanard, with his Iandians, did himi colisiderlable aiijury. Nine negroes and two Indians were fIiund dead, anl two negr. men made prisoners. Oni the 17tli, foraginig parties were stint out, xhIllho tifld a considerable quantity of corn afntl siit, cattle. On the 18th, having o btained( semi small cralf, I odet(red Geneal Gaines aiCross the river with a strong dettachmeat, .and two day.' provision, toi pursue the enemy; tlhe precipitancy of their Hight was soon dis- coverel by thle great quantity of' giods, cori, &c. strewed through tlie swamps, andl convi ced General Gaine.sthat pursuit wasIin vaitn; nine Indians and live negro Iprisoners were taken by our Indians. The evidence of tlie haste with which'the enemy had lied iidctced the General to confine his reconnaissance to search for cattle and horses; botlh ot which were much waitell by the a'miy. Ab.itl Thirty head oi' cattle were p'rocured, bitl, frImn the reports accompanlilyiig General Gaines's, which, in du- time, will be forwarded to you, and the disobedience o' his orders by the Indian% not one poundl was brougliht into camp. As smn as titme will permit, I shall forward youth a detailed account ofIl' the variouIs little affairs with the enemy, accompanied wi lh reports (f thle corminanidilg n,ficers of detachlimelits: stffiice it or tlie present lo adld that every officer and soldier iuner mly cminmandI, when (Finger appearedI, sittwelseteadlyit firmn iess, which cionvintt'edlme that, in die event of at stubborn cult ict, they wioull have realized the best hopi.s o it' iiircounty and General. I believe I many say that lhe destruction olthis place, with tlie possession ol St. NMarks, having on ilie night of the 18th1 captured thle late Lieutentint Amnibrister, of tlie British marin corpC and, ats represented by Aributhnot, successor to !Woodbine, will end lthe (ildian wart' 1h tle present aitd ishou ld it be renewed, the position taken, which oughlit to be lield, will (eaIlille a small party to put it down i) romptIly. I sliall order, or take mnyelf, ai reconilltisiaice west ol' the Apjpilhchicola, at Pensacola point, "'here. I am informed, there are a few Red Sticks assembled, who areIl' and stippliell by tlie governorr (l Pe1'iitacola. My health being imp;ti'ed,tlas soonitas this duly is wperl'or'nmel, lie positilions taken, well gariisotied, andil security give tol the southerl'n frotiierl. (ii' the Goverinment have nutt active employ for lite,) I shall Iteliurnio Nashville to regain imy health.l The health of thle tips is much ipairedl, and I have or(h'dei'el thle GeoI'giti Iroop.i to Hartfordl to be ntuiistered, paid, and d(ischia,'ged, the Geeneral having communticaledi his wi.hes, tndtll iat of' his tilli).p;. to be orderedd( directly titere, and rcptrling that Ihey have plenty of cot a ind beel tio Subsist hitill to hat point. I have writ toet t lhe Governor' of Georgia tat obtain from the Stlile the necessitary funds to piy Geoiteral GIlasscock's brigaile when discharged, and that the Government will Plromptly refund it. I atil compelled tothis tillode to have i It promptly paid, NMr. Iligan, tIlhe p:imaster ofi' tlie 7ih iniianltry, (for whioii I received rrom NIMr. Brent ani enclosure said to contain filly Ihousaltd dol- lats.) not having reachiedI tnte. Froti the inflorinmation received from Amnibrister, and a Mr'. Cotok, who wnas captured wifl( himi, lihat A. Arbuth- nols schooner was liat. thle motth oil' this liver pITreptrinlg to sailflorl tle bay Ill' I'amper, Iy aid-de-calip, Iie.uttelalnL Gailden, volunteeredi his services wilhia small detichientlit to diescetld thite river atlIll cipitre her'. The ilimplrtlance of' this vessel to t'anispol't tiy sick to St. NMarks, as well as to destroy the meani s used by tihe eni(ty, indluced tile togirant his request. lie s ile(I yesterday, antid I expvctid till hlav' heardtl froin him this mttorning. I otly await his repiirt to take ip thlie line of imarch oil tIy retitrn to St. IMark's. 'I'lhe Georgia brigade, by vwhilim 1 send this, being about to march, compels ine to close it without the report of' lieutenant Gadsden. I have, &c. AN I)IREWV JACKSON, Major General Commanding. 'rThe lionor'able JOHN C. CALIoUN, Secrelary of 'ktr.

II' IAD-QUAirrlitS, DIvisioxN OF 'Tir SOUTH, Fotr ST. PiAKS., /lpril °0, 1818. Sx.: I wrote from Bowlegstown on the '20(h instant. O()i the night of tlie salteC lay, I receivedreeie tillie expectedexece ylou 's iy I despatch ftiatollly aid del-cantp,, ]Leutenantt, GadsIsdiI,! cliinlltictliting~~~~~tlie successs ~~~Iol his expedition,ladh oIttin Ihle i1ext day, its soot 11 s lie sick of' lily ll'ttary wereICdespiatchdlie (l11s d( tlie Sut walcy 'ivetr', to be cionveyed in flie captured s s I 8cliiotier to St. Marks, I itook up tlhe line,sI,of march fliir thit fort.. I arrived at this place laste]revening, perr'irmintig a march oftolte hindItrell anid seven miles in less than live daysy. Lieutenant Gadsden hadl reatiedi it a few hours bteflire me. lie conitunticates havingaingtiti'ddaolg thie pal)pe's io' Arbutthnot, Aambrist 'er, and Cook, lettr., memori'ials, &c. all p:iuiting out tie instigators ofi (his savage war', antl, i:,: sotnetomeasurte, involving tlie British Gviernmenl t in the agency. These will b `I'rwardtled( you in a detailed reporlit I purpose communicalitg to you as early as practicable. 'I'he old woivan spoken ot' iin my hist communtiliicationt tol you,il, whlohad pro'miised to use he' influence iin having McQ.ueen captured aid (delivered tp, lihas noti been heil of'. Frotii signs discovered( on( lie oppo.itr, shore lit tile St.Marks river, I am induced to believe that tia Indian party is .still in this neighborhood. A detachment w. II be sent out to reconnoitre thle country, to receive then as friends, il'disposed to) surrender, or inllict meritedi chastise- ment, it' still hostile. I shall leave this in twov or three d(lays or Fort Giadsden, antid afte' making allnh!eessarty atrrnigements flt' the security of the positions occupied, and letatching a force to scout' thle country west ol tlhe Aippalelhicola, I shalI pro- cecil direct foIr Nashville. My p)reselce in this counllry can be no longer necessary. tihiIndian ''ces hIve been divided land scatte'ed, and cut oil'ffrom atll communication with those utprincipled agents itt' 'ot'eigt stations who have deluded them to their ruin; they Ihaive not tIle power, i' the wVill remain, o'f again annoying our frontier. I remain, &c. ANDREW JAC KSON, Mqor General Commanding. Hon. J. C. CALiou., Secretary of War.

I1EAD-QUART'ERS, DIvIsIo. ov 'rnT Sou'rt, Fowr' GADSUEN, MAUy 6,1818. SIR: I returned to this post with my army on the evening (Iof the 2d instant, and embrace anil early opportunity of furnishing you it detailed report oll' iyoperations to the east of' the Applahichicola river'. In the several communications addressed to you filotii liart'orld, Fort Scott, afid this place, I have stated the condition Itt the army, on my assuming the immediate ciommnalld. The embarrassments occasioned 'ri the waat of proviisioins; the pivations!'tI IIt my troops0 III~ oi$iltle'irWtilia'ch filirom thel fron'tiers of' Georgia; andtlI le circumnstaices which compelled me to move. directly down the Appalachicohi rivet, to mieet wtith atid protect the expected supplies froman Orleats; these were received on the 25iIl NMIatchi aldi on tle iext (lay I was preplreIl 'or active operations. For a detailed account iof my movements from tihut period to this ilay. you arte respectl'ully referred to the report prepared by ny aAdjutant general, accompanied with Captain Hugh Young's topographical sketch ioft' the 'ritte undl distance perfrmed. This has been principally a war oft ov'ementts; the enemy, cut o' i'rim their strong holds, or deceived in the promised foreign aid, have unilaormly avoided a general engagement. Their resistance has generally been 89 m 702 MILITARY AFFAIRS. [1818. teebte, and, in the partial encounters into which they seem to have been involuntarily forced, the regulars, volu. teers, and militia under inmy command realized mIy expectations; every privation, latigue, and exposure, was encoun. tered with the spirit ofl'soldiers, and danger was met with a degree of fortitude calculated to strengthen the confidence I hiad reposed in them.i On the commencement of my operations, I was strongly impressed with the belief that this Indian war hadl been excited by some unprincipled foreign or private agents. the outlaws oft the old Red Stick party had been severely convinced, and the Seminoles were too we:ik ill numbers to believe that they could possibly alone maintain a war with even partial success against the United States, Firmly convinced, therelore, that succor had been pr.iinised firom somne quarter, or that they had been (leluded into a belief hat America ldare not violate the neutrality ol'f Spain by penretrating to their towns, I early determined to ascertain these Iacts, and so direct lily movenmelits as to unde. ceive the Itnidliains. Alter the destruction of the Mekasukean villages, I marched direct for St. Marks. 'I'he cor. responldence between myself and hlie Spanish coinmatilant, in which I demandedthlie occupancy o, that fortress with an Anmerican garrisonI, accom paiiies this. It had been reported to mel direct f'ronm the Governor of Pensacola, that tihe Indlians and negroes unfrielidly to the United States haddemandedd o the cmmandalt of St. Marks a supply of, ammunition, mluniiitions of war, &c. threatening, in the event ol' a non-compliance, to lake possession o'f the foirt., 'h, Spanish comiiandant acknowledged tlie (tiefenceless state (oif is fortress, atidl his inability to delfe!iid it, and ithe Governor of Pensacola expressed simin[ar apprehensions. The Span/ish agents throughout the Flotillas hiad u iii0'Inly disavowed having any conmitexion with the Indians, and acknowledged lie obligations ofl His Catholic Majesty, under existing trtei ties, to restrain their outrages against (lthe citizens (of the United States. Indeed, they declared that the Seminole Indians were viewed as alike hostile to the Spanish Government, and that the willrrmnained, though the powet was wanting, to inflict meritedI clhastisement on this lawless tribe. It was, therel'fore, to le supposed thiat the America it army, impelled by tlihe immutable liws of sell'-deflence, to penetrate ihe territories of11 is Cattholic MNj.esty, to light his battles, and even to relieve fromn a cruel bidtage some (of his,.own subjects, would have been received( as allies, hailed as deliverers, aidt every fiaciliiy ituorded to themn to tertinlate speedily ind successfully this sovage war. Fort St. Marks could not be maintained by the Spanish force garrison. igE it. The Indians tilid lie'grois vie wed it as all asyltim if drivllen frolt theirtowlis, and were prepalt iIg to occupy it in this event. It was necessary to anticipate their inovemitents, independent of' tihe position beillg deniede ssential as a depot, (it which the success of my future operations measurably dlepended. Ilit the spirit ofl frielidship, tIhereloirc, I d(lemanded its stirrender t) the irmy of the United States, until (lithe close of the Seminotle war. The Sp1)nish coin. mandantml required timttle to reflect; it was granted, anl({a negotiation ensued, and ai eiort minade to protract it toan unwari'antable lenithi. In the conversations between ily aid-de-cainp, Lieutenantt Gadsilden, and the Spaiish coin. manduilnt, circumnstiances t raInspired convicting himi ol'f a disposition to flavor lthe Indians, and of having ltaikei an active part inll aidig aiuld abetltiig thLlem in this war. I hesitated, therefore, no longer', atid as I could oitt be received in friendship, I entered tilhe ort by violence. T'wo light ctomtnixies (of the 71h regtimtent infhant'y, anid o(tie 'of lhe 4i, utitlertlie coiimanItd of'Mi or 'T'wiggs, was ordered to advance, lower the Spanilh celrs, and h.ist the stlr-4,npigkd banniter otn tlei ranmparls of 'ott St. MNarks. 'Thie order was executed promptly, and noit resistance atteiipted ot the part ol' tlie Spanish garristin.. The duplicity ol' Ihe Sp;tni.sh commandantt in proflessing 'friendship towards the United States, whilIe lie wasaclu- ally aiding atld supplying her savage eleneies, throwing )open the gates (of his garrison to their free access, appriupria- tinrig ie kingi' stores to their use, issuing aIInimunitio(t atId munitiiols 1of war to then. a(nd knowingly p)urciiiasill o' thein pr(opelily plundered fIrom (lie citiz.ens ol' lthe United States, is clearly evinced by thlie documents accollipillyiig tiy c"i'Te.spilnd i;ice. it Fort St. Marks, as an inatein hie iunly of the Spatish cotmandatt, an Iinglishinan by the naimne ofArbuth. lot was found, niable st isl'ficicloiiily to explain the objects ol' his visitig this counttry, amid there being a coinbination ol' circuiiislittices to justilfy a suspicions that hilt views were not hotntest lie was ordered i;I close co(ntienentI. 'I'The capture of his schooiirni'trltIhe mouth (of' Snlwaney river by mny aidI-dc calip, Lieutenant Gads(lden, tnId the jpeirs fiounId ot board, unveiled his corrupt transactions, as well ais those ofl Captain Anibrister, late of' the British colhnial iuinlrimle corps, taken is a prisoner near Bowlegs town. These individuals were tried under my orders by a special court of select ,lnie,.sIlegilly convicted as exciters ofl'this savage and inegro war, legally cotidenttied,IntidmsttI justly nun-. islied lo' t lirIt, iquilties. Th'e proceedings of the court martial it this case, witli the volume of' teslii(tony jusilying their c(tidemnlainhll, present scenes o(' wickedness, corruptirll, atld batrbarilty, at which thle htearlI sickens, and which ill Ihis eilliglhtenied age, it ought mit scarcely to be believe ithatit Chr'istian nation would have participated; anid yet Ihe British Govertineirl is involved in the agency. f1' Arbuthlniot andi( Aiiibrislier are not convicted its the authorized igenits (of' Great Britain, there is no rI'oom to() doubt but that that Goverinment had a knowledge of their. assune(d chairniCler, alld was wel ilad vised ofl' lie measures which they hadl adopted to excite lhieinegroes and Indiatts in Easthlorida to warul against the United Slites. I hope the execution of these two unpirin'cipled villains will prove anl awful example to thlie world, and convince ilhe Goverriinent ot' Greatt Britain, as well as lher subjects, that certain, though sloiv retri- butioun awiils those untchristiani wretches who, by fIlse promises, delude and excite an Indian tribe to all the horrid deeds savage.1' war. Previo'Is to iy leaving Foirt Gadsden, I had occasion to address a communication to the Governor of Peisacila, onit he subject ol pen'tiiitiig supplies to pass up the Escambia river to Fort Crawf'ord. This letter, with ainolher from St. Marks on the subject of somne United States clothing, shipped in a vessel itn the employ of' (lie Spanish Governmlnlitll, to ihalt poI't, I :low eiclose, with his reply. The Governor of' Pensacola's relfus:tl o' my dehiiand cia- not bIutl be viewed as eviicing an hostile feeling oni his part, particularly il connexiol; wilh sonte circumstances re- orired to the riomn ilhe Itmost unquestionable authority. It has been slated that the Indialnls at war' wilth e' United. Styles have fIree access intt;o Pensacolha; that iheyire kept advised, fromthat quarter, of' all our tiovemnenus; that they are suppliedI fIotn thence with at.tuuniition and munitions (of' war; uttd that they tare muuW collecting i ita irge buy, to the aniount of l'lur irl ive hunudrehl warriors, in that city; that inroads l'romi thence have been lately minitde oil the Alahanim; ill onie of' which, eihtlieen settlers fell by the touiahawk. These statements compel inc to make a itmove- ment to the west of' the A^lpalichictla, and should (they prove correct, Pensacola must be occupied with an Auneri- cant'force, thle Goverto'r treated according to his deserts, (ir as policy unay dictate. I shallI leave str'ontg garrisuns in Fort's St. Marks, Gadsldeni, andt Scott, and in Pensacola, should it become necessary to possess it. It becilnies tiy d(tuiy to state it as tly confirmed opinion, that, so hitog as Spain has not the power (or will to etinforce the treaties by which she is soletnmnly bound to preserve the Indians within her teU'ritory at peace with the Unitedl States, no secu- rimy ciin be given to our southern ft'rontier, without occupying a cordon ol' posts along the sea-shore. I'The ininent the Amterican army retires f'totn Fhlor'ida, the war hatchet will be again raised, and thesaimescenes of' indisc'rimiiniate massacre with which out' Irontier settlers have been visited will be repeated. So long us the Indians within the ter- r'itory of Spaiin are exposed to the delusiotins of false prophets, and poison of foreign itr'igute; so long as they) can receive anuitnuititon, munitions ol' war, &c. from p'etendid traders, and Spanish cotunmalidatts, it will be impossible to restraint their outrages; the burning of t(owns the destroying of' their stock'and provim.ins, will produce but temporary embarrassments. Re-stiapplied by Spanish authorities, they may concentrate and disperse at will, und keep up ait lasting predatory warfare against the frontiers of' the Unitetd States, as expensive to uur Government as harass- ing to our trips. I'hle savages, therefore, niust be made dependent on us, and cannot be kept at peace without being persuaded of Ime cetitailty of' chiastisement being inflicted on the commission of lhe first oftence. I trust, therefore, that the measures which have been pursued will meet with the approbation of the President of' the Utiited States. 'IThey have been adopted in pursuance of your itstructions, and under a firin conviction that they alone were calculated to ensure " peace and security to the southern frontier of Geortoia." I'he army will minove on the 7th from hence, crossing the Appalachicola river at the O&hesee bluff', about forty miles above this. ANDREW JACKSON, Major General Conmmiding. The Hon. J. C. CALHOUN, Secretary qf War. 1818.1 DEFEAT OF THE SEMINOLE INDIANS, &c. 703

HEAD-qUARTERS, DIVISION OF THE SOUTH, ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE, FORT GADSDEN, APPALACHICOLA RIVER, May 3. 1818. R: I have the honor to report that the army under the immediate cmhmand of Major General Andrew Jackson took up the line of march in the '6lh day of March last, with eight days' rations, anti lay in advance of this post about six miles on the 29th, at Okolokne river, when nineteen canoes were made, and the principal part of the army crlosseld by eight o'clock, P. M., the residue next morning; when the march was again resumed at eleven o'clock, A. M. On this evening Brevet Major Twiggs of the 7th infantry was detached with one company and about two hundred warriors with orders to advance on an Indian village called Tallahassie, and surprise it at day-break. On his near approach, he despatched a party to ascertain its situation, who reported it evacuated some days before. On the morning of the 31st hlie entered the village, having previously sent out parties to reconnoitre. Two of' the enemy were made prisoners, one of' wlhorn made his escape from the Indians before hlie was brought into camp. The army passed the village about twelve o'clock, and encamped near Mickasuky, when intelligence was received of' the approach of a detachment of mounted volunteers from I ennessee, under (lthe command ol Lietenant Colonel Elliott, near four hundred strong. On the morning oft' the 1st of April the army formed and halted until their arrival, when they were ordered to form the advance of each flank, with CUptains Russell and Evans's companies, ias spies, withi Captain Johlin Gordon. The army now advanced within a mile and a hial ' of King. hajah's town, when a number of Indians were discovered herding cattle oni the margin o'f a la'i:% pond. T'he general ordered the right and left columns to advance, with a view of cutting off their retreat, and at the same time instructed the advance light company, under Major Muhlenburg, the guard, under Major Nicks, together with the small comn- panies composing his life guard, under Captains D)unlap and Crittenden, to advance in support of the spies, in the event ol'a general engagement.i The spy companies commenced the attack, and a brisk running fire was kept up on bith sides for some minutes, when thle enemy divided, the spy companies pursuing those on the right; and Lieu- tenant ColonMel Elliott having turned their flank, became generally engaged, and bore them over to tie left column. under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Mitchell, within half' gunshot of each other, when they were assailed by both flanks, and would all have failllien had not the volunteers taken up the impression, from the similarity of dress, that some of the friendly warriors had reached in pursuit of' the enemy, which occasioned the firing to cease for a short time, when a number made good their retreat into the swamp. Captain Crittenden's company, being 6n horseback, was unable to reach thle head of Lieutenant Colonel Elliott's column, when Ihey dismounted, an] operated against the enemy. Major Muhlenburg's company, the advance guard, and( Captain Ounlap's company, being on foot. were not able to reach the scene o'f action inll time. The right column of Georgia militia, on nearing tIhe pond. filed round it; and Colonel King, with his regiment, was ordered to advance through it, to support the column of horse, should it be found necessary; which was executed by the colonel with great promptness. The conduct of the officers and soldiers engaged onIL this occasion was, in every respect, praiseworthy; our loss, one milan of Captain Andrcws's company killed, and four ofCaptainELvans's company of Tennessee volunteer's wounded. The reports give fourteen killed and several wounded of the enemy, and four women prisoners, from whom we learned that three hundred warriors had advanced from the town to aid those engaged, and, on seeing the advance of an army, fled pre- cipitately. The army now advanced upon the town, which was found deserted by the enemy andi, on reaching the tquare, discovered a red pole planted at the council-house, on which were suspended about fifty fresh scalps, taken from the heads of extreme age down to thie tender inhiant of both sexes, and, in an adjacent house, near three hundred men, which bore the appearance of having been the barbarous trophies of settled hostility for three or' four yeats past. 'lrhe army continued the pursuit to a, large pond of water, which is eight miles in length, varyin in width from six hundred to four thousand yards, and from two to five feet deep, through which the army passed, when the approach of night induced the commanding general to draw oil'his troops. On the succeeding morning, Brevet Major General E. P. Gaines, with a large command, was ordered to pass the lake or pond, and attack the other towns, but which he found abandoned by the enemy. T'lhe red pole was again found planted in the square of Fowltown, bar- barously decorated with human scalps of' both sexes, taken within the last six months from thile heads of our unfor- tuniate citizens. General Mcintosh, who was with General Gaines, routed a small party of savages near Fowltown, killed one negro, and took three prisoners, on one of whomn was found the coat ofr James Champion, of Captain Cumn - mings's company, (4th regiment of infantry,) who was killed by thIe Indians on board of one of our boats descending thile river to the relief of Major Muhlenburg. This coat, with nearly all Captain Cummings's colapany's clothing, was lost on board of Lieutenant Scott's boat, when he and his party were massacred, on tle 30th of November last. 'le of Mr. Thomas Leigh, who was murdered at Cedar creek on the 21st of Janua,'y last, was found in Kinghajah'sp(ocket-booktown, containing several letters addressed to thle deceased, and oine to General Glasscock. About one thousand head of' cattle fell into our hands, many of which were recognised by (he Georgia militia ais the brands and marks of their' citizens. Near three thousand bushels of corn were found, with other articles useful to the army. Upwards of three hundred houses were consumed, leaving a tract of fertile country in ruin, wliere these wretches might have lived in plenty, but for the inferinal machinations of'foreign traders, if not agents. The army remained at this point until the morning of the 5th, when thle narch was resumed for St. Marks, before which it arrived on the evening of' the 6th, and, after communicating with the commanding~ officer, took possession of' that fortress on (he following morning. Captain Mc Keever', of the navy, having sailed tor St. Marks with some vessels containing supplies for the army, was fortunate enough to entice oni board his vessel, in the river, Francis, or IHillis- hajo, and Homathlamnicco, hostile chief's of the Creek ntition, and whose settled hostility has been severely felt by ourcitizens. T'he commandinggeneral had them brought on shore,and ordered them to be hung, as an example to deter others from exciting those deluded wretches to future scenes of' butchery. A man of the name of' A. Arbuthnot was also taken on the arrival of the army, and placed in close confinement. lihe troops having again received eight days' rations and a garrison detached fior' Fort St. Mar'ks, the army marched on the 9th of April, d(estinied for Suwany. On the morning of'the 12th, the oticer of the day reported that the sentinels had heard the lowing of cattle and barking of dogs during the night; from which tihe general was induced to send a runner to General Mclnitosh, who was encamped a short distance in rear of tihe army, with instructions to have the country below examined. In the mean time, the army moved slowly in advance. General Mcintosh despatched Major Kanard with a party, who returned to him a runner reporting the discovery of a hostile party too strong for' his little band of warriors, Mcintosh moved against them with his whole force. A small detachment of different companies of the Tennessee volunteers, under Colonels Dyer and Williamson, (they having joined the army on the evening of the o10th,) were left at our encampment to search for horses, and, on hearing the report of' Major Kanard, formed themselves into a company under Captain Bell, who was with them, and mnoved to attack the enemy, whom they found near a large swamp endeavoi'ing to move of. A spirited engagement ensued, which re- sulted in the death of thirty-seven, and six men and ninety-eight women and children prisoners; and our loss three killed and four wounded of the friendly Indians. The only woman out of' seven whose life was spared nt the mas- acre'of Lieutenant Scott was here recaptured by Major Kanard. General Mcintosh individually killed three of the ememy and captured one. The littleband of 'ennessee volunteers acted on this occasion as becomes their character. At the commencement of the action the army was halted, and a runner despatched to inform General Mc- Intosh that any aid he might deem necessary would be afforded, and that the army would remain until his arrival, which was not until we encamped for the night. The enemy abandoned a number of horses, hogs, corn, and about six hundredl head of cattle. Ihe army moved on the morning of the 13th, and on the succeeding day our spies surprised a camp consisting of two men» a woman, and two children. One of the men was killed; the other, with a small boy, slightly wounded; sod the woman, unfortunately, not beingdistinguished in tihe swamp, received a wound of which she died. At th'ee o'clock, P. M. on the 10th, the army arrived at a large pond within six miles ot Bowlegs town, on Suwany river, where a few Indians well mounted discovered our advance. An attempt was made to overtake them, but the en- febled state of our horses rendered it impracticable. Under these circumstances, the general deemed it advisMble 704 MILITARY AFFAIRS.

to make the town by a forced march, not allowing lthe enemy time to cross the river and destroy their supplies. The manner of attack having been )reviously arranigedl, the army miovetd rapidly, unlil arriving near the large --. which flanks the towns, wihenI their troop.,s changed position, coIlformably to previous orders, and moved forward, The left'i fiank, cmt)tiposed o('Cilnel Williaii )msi'si'tgllit'ltor'leennessee voli.nteers,t at ile hIeaIdI o which was itforce of Indian warriors under Major (iow Colomel) Kiiai.I, sout came in contact, and warmly engaged the Ini(dallas nid 'negroe.; whilst he rigt think,fl composed o( Colonel Dyer's regiment of' Tennessee volunteers, with a like force of warriori's uduer General Mcliiiosh, advanced near the river, to prevent the enemy from crossing. 'I'he centre ad. vailced it excellent order, and undei' tihe expectation of having to combat with the strength oI these towns and the figitiives fi.rom Mickasuky; but, on rea.tching flowlegs town, found it abi)n(dohedI.Td 'h left fla.k, from the nature oftilhe grouli id Ithey had to traverse, nd (Colonel KanarI'd not adheriii entirely to tlie route designated, drove the Indian.sand negroes (abi)olit three hiidredI) intothei ri ver, 4lforee tIhe right tfliilk could occupy the desired position, The repoiris give eleven killed and three pri-imers ot the field, atind it is believed mnuy were killed and driowned In swimining the river, it being nearly three hitnilr(rl yards wide. Colonel Katard had thirteen wotihded, but one dangerously. Ab',ut twenty-seven hundred bushels of corn were obtained in the towns and neighboring swamps, iear ninely head of catle, and a number of houses. )Ourisentinels, ot the night oflthe 17ih, took prisoners two white me t (Ambru slet oil Cook) ani one negro, whio had just returned from A\rbuthnot's vessel ait thie moi tl of/Suwanv from thie latter we obtainedd a letter written by A. Arbulhnoiit t(I) his son, in which he enliumerates (lihe army of (e (United States under lhe general 's conandli, and requires himi to inform his friend Bowlegs that resistai.ce would be fruitless against such an overwheltuing force., and to make over thle river with all despatch1 admonishling tis son, at the same time, to remove itald secrete every thing which cold be moved. From Cook we learned that thiIs letter was r'eaid to the iegtroes and I dian.s, when they iimninediately commenced crossing their families, and had just fin. ihed as we iitered Ilhir I ow Is. Upwards olr ihrtee hunildret(I hoti.estwere he coiniumed, thle most (of which were well Imilt anld somewhat regular, extendiii near three miles uitp Iheli river. Ont the mlningti'of tlhe 181h Gent.ral Gaines wasordered, with a select command,tl and 1a itubernt of wal'riors under General MNIclntohli, to cross the Su- wany river in pur'suiit of' the enemy; but fiomnd, on advancing about)l six miles,that they hadl dlispersed i every d(lirec. tioln, f'lron thl numerous trails, a.dtil)too fialadvaticellito overtake lthem, lls colitimalind being short of sutplies'A detachiment il' the wairriois, having advanced sIome ddistance, I' in with a small party of' he enemy, ki ied three warilor's, totok smote womenei and chiliidtrea anld live negroes. On hie same n'ttiding, Lieutenanit James GadCsdunaid. de-catmip tio the comimatinling -elleral. des'enlded the Stlwally river' to its outhiii, %'ilh CaptaitnDunlp)'s anid a few of Captaitl Critene' cattpanies of' the lifi'e-guard, anti a small (detachihmeint of regulars, nlld captured, wilthoit difi.' culty, their sclhooner oft' A. Arbulhnotl, which lad )brought supplies of' powdler IIand le.d to tlhe Indians andt negroes set. tied at Sowany. This vessel afti'itded thle mineans of' transporti ug our sick b.ack to St. MNIarks. On the evening of the 20th, General Gh:.scock was rdletered, at his request, to march his brigade by MNicka.suk to IIarIt ford,iniGeotr. gia. anId Cptapin Bell ordered tolmuster them aout it' service; and the ari'iy mived about iihree-quarters il'a mile irep.iralitory to its return. Ontlie 1'h (General MIcliti , was ordered to plroceedI direct t Fort Scott, oin Flint river, aind atnorder fti'rnished htil tl tihe coailmantdingotiflcetr to mtl.sier his warior's Iout oi service. The ariny reached Fort St. Marks otn the 23.)1i, 1havyiugIt;i- rc:'id !weity-.eight miles tin that lay,anl we were agreeably surprised inI lindin- Lieuten»int Glti.sdtlel.hI a rrivelt safely that evening from the mouth of)'Suwatiy. On the '21 ih r special court was ordered foIr th, trial olf A. Arbuthlot andi Robliert C. Atmbristeri which court, in the documents anti evidence adi(icedi, sentencedtile first to Ie hutog, andi thle matterr to be sttot. 'I hey were acctordingly executed ti i he mirianigol (i'the 2) ih. The almmny movedI andl eicamped ftour miles from St. MNarks (on the evening of the 28:h, antiarrived tat Fort GaIds(len ti lit1. (1 instant the general having previously detachedI a garrison ol'two huIndred men, under the command of Brevet Major' Faniine, to occupy Fort St. MNarks. I have only it add, that this army hias'bore hIardships anti privations to a great extent, ill a 1ialll'er' becolminig soldiers andt citizens (of a na. tion proud ofli' heir liberties. 'iThe assistant topotgraphical engilleelr willIf'urt'ish a topographical report ot' the country through whiiih thle army operated; andl I reli'er you to tlie enclosed sketches lor information oft' our order ol miovelient, to obedient antid hilve ilhe honor' be, very ' * your' servant, respectfully, ~~~~~~~ROBI:RTRB BUTLER,BTLR, (ffltutantljulant Genernl.General. Brig. Gen. [)ANw.I, IPAtKER:, ./tljutant and [a.npector General.

ItEAn-QAitri,'its, DIvIStON oF a'i. Socmru, Fon-i- GADSDEN, MAarcht 25, 1818. I have ordered a supply of provisions to be sent from New Orleans, via Peisacolan, to Fort Craw'lird,on.the Caneucho. This 'route has been adopted its the IltIost speedy one of pr('visiontilmg one tof' my garrisons which IlnUst be maintaineditduring hlle )present colictIagainst out' muutil eietie, the Seninole Indiatis, andI I cannot but express a hope thaIt no attempt will be mllade to iiterruipt Ilie rree passage ofi' mny trantispurts tto hat post. I amn not disposed to enter into any cunitriversy with yoti att the rights which outr Govertnment may claim to t he free navigatioll It such water-cour'ses as head within her limits, hut iloIw thritugh the teirritol'y It' His Catholic Majesty, prel'er.iing to leave these subjects to te settleild b)y those legally nuthorii, ied; but as it is necessary for nme t" make use of' the Escatltia river in passing ip provisiis to (lithe' garrison it Fort CrawfiOird, I wish it to be (listinctly understood, that any attelmplt to interrupt tlhepiassatge of' transiports cannot I)e viewedI itnany other light than (is :t hostile act (in your part. I will nol permit Inyselt fi' ai momentit to believe that you wouldI commit an act so contrary to tlhe interest oit tlle ais as (Govvi'rnmetlnt of' the Unitedl States, iare alike interested in King ytior master. His Catholic MNjes.ty, well thle this chastising a salvagefloe, who have too long wiut're(I with impunity against his subjects as well as the citizens ot republic, and I 1feel persuaded that every aid which you can give, to promote this object, will be cheerl'ully tendered. ANI)DREW JACKSON, Major General Commanding. DON Josi, MAso'', G(overnor of PensFcola.

It AD-.QUARTERS, DIVISION OF 'THU Sotf', iBEFORtS. MARKS, .qprU 6, 1818. SIR: To chastise a savage foe, who, combined wilhi a lawless band oftnegro brigands, have foir some time past been on ta cruel and war tlhe citizens of' 'tile Initedl Staites, has compelled the President to carrying unprovoketd against and reduced them to a.es., direct mie to march mty ai'irmy into Floirida. I have petinetrated to the MNekasuky towns, of In these towns I found mnany indicaitions of a hostile spirit. On a red pule in the centre of the council.houses Kunhas towii, Intol'e than fresh scalips, fall ages, front the intahuit to the aged mtatron, were foundd suspended. lif'ty were in the of' the different chiefs settle In addtMion to this, upwards ot three hundred hold sicalp.s ifoumnd dwel)gs the on the Mekasuky pond. Those barbarians who escaped deathli live fled. From information communictttedu by Governor of Pensacola to two oft' my captains, ,Gordtion anti Call, I was induced to believe they hadI flel to St. Marks fior The Governor stated that the Inditans tiad negroes had demanded ol'f you large supplies of' munitions protection. MON an a ,lseso of' lie Iurtheree expressx ~tof war, with a threat,~,, in the event of refusal, oft' taking~ pissessitn- yorfrrs.feyour fiortress.'u apprehension that, 'fromin your det'enceless state, they were already in possesitont ol St Marksi. he wi'e of cheuubby, a noted chief, tnow a priti.ner in my camp, informed me that tmhe hostile Indaians and negroes obtained their of St. Marks. prevent the recurrence so gross a violation o aU.O supply ammunition t'fronm To I otf neutraliy, exclude our savage eneiles fromui so strong a hol as St. NMarks, I deem it expedient to gurrison that 'ttr'ess with Amnerican until the close of' the War. This measure is on the inmmutable principle of sell' troops; present justifiable the of 8 n. defence, and cannot but be satisfactory, under existing circumstances, to His Cuathoic Majesty, King the Under existing treaties betweenti our two Governments, the King of Spain is bound to preserve in peace win I18.1 DEFEAT OF THE SEMINOLE INDIANS, &c. 705

citizens of the UTnited States not only his own subjects but all Indian tribes residing within his territory. When called( tip0II to fulfil .that part ol' Ihe t'a.tly in relation to a savage tribe who have long dlepredated with impunity on ithe American Ir'ontierincompetency is all.egel, with nat acknowledgment that the same tribe have acted in open hostility to the lawis, ant invade I heights, of tits Calltholic Majesty. As a mutual enemy, therefioe, it is expected that every facility wvill be aflordled by the agents of the King of Spain to chastise these lawless and inhuman Spvayes. In this light is the possession or' St. Marks, l)y the Americant forces, to be viewed. I come not as the enemy. but as the friend, o' Spain..Spa. nish rights and property will be respected. The property and rights of Spanish subjects witl be guaranteed them. An inventory of all public properly, munitions of' war, &c. shall be made out and ceritifled by an officer appointed by eachoI us, and a receipt given for the same, to be accounted for to Iiis Catholic Maje.ry by the United States. 'lThe subject of my possession of the garrison of' St. Mairks will be referred to ouri respect ive Governments, for amicable adjustment. Some armellid vessels of' the United States are in the bay of St. Marks, with whom I wish to cominunicate; you will, I trust, furnish me with a small vessel to convey a letter, as well as some sick andi wounded that are with me. As our miltual savage enemies are concentrating their forces near or on thlie Sowvani'y, an early and prompt o answer is requested to this letter, with an English translation. as neither myself nor staff'are acquainted with ihei Sp:inish. This will be handed to you by aid-de-camp ILieutenant Jainmesi Gadsden, by whom an answer is expected. I have, &c. ANDIREWV JACKS(O)N, Majdor General Commanding. The COMMANDING OFFIOEI!, .S. Marks. ST. MARiKS, OFF A:I'ALACIIE, /lpril 7, 1818. MOST EXCELLENT St!a: Being made to understand, although wilh the greatest.difficullty, the1 contents of thle letter with which your excellence honored me yest eilday evening, deliveredI to me by your aid-de.-camp, James Ga(ilsdcni, I will declare to y.ur excelleicy hlie satisflcion lhe knowledge of' tihe result of your expidiioIt,tagainllt Mekasukasok s af llordedI me. fhat such would be thle event couli not be doubledI on considering iesIsuperior talents and skillful conduct ol'your excellency, alnd to these must be attributed (lie success, on which'tender you my most. cordial conllgratulalifion. ,My chief, hlle Governor of Pensacola, hail, in truth, reason to mtentioni to your captains, (;ordon and (Call, what your excellence states to me, anrd to entertain tears fo. thle fIte ofl' this fiortl, menacedI by Indian. anil negroes for sone m11oths past and particularly sine they have been dlisappoinited( in their expecatlions of' obl)taining powder and balls, which tlhey huve so repeated(lly solicitedi, and to which they thought themselves entitled, from the practice which subsisted ofl supplying them annually therewith. IThis proves how entirely unf'Ounde( is (lithe assertion of' the wife of the chief Chenubby, ithat (he In(dians have been supplied wihImuniitioniis in this fort since I was advisedl and Ildelet inined to maintain thlie most pert'elt neutrality. No one can better reinote i'om your excellenicy's mind any unfavorabl)le opinion you may have ior'm(Il on this subject than the bearer, William I lambly, aits hei hains, at various times, interpreted toi miet fhesoicittionssolt ton i' everal Indian chiefs in my neighboirhoodl; aind lie can also inilorm you oftlie ailvice I always gave them, to avoidl the destruction which has overtaken them, and which I foresaw fromin the tlegitiiII rig. Iblis b) ing realizedI, and there being now no motive to f'ear any insult to the fort from these barbarians and (he negroes, I beg permission olfyui' excellency to call your attention to the difficulty I should involve myself' in with my Gove'Irnient, if I were presently to assent to what your excelleicv proposes to me, to garrison (his fort with the troops of theli UitedI States, without first receiving its ord(lers. Such I will solicit immediately an opportunity others, Ind I (,o not for a moment doubt that they willbt given to me; so zealous is my Government to comply with the stipula(ions between her and ithe United Stales. Iin the interim, I hope your excellence will desist from your intention, anil be firmly persiuadedl ol' the go.id aiith a nil hartimony which will reign between this garrison andt whatever troops you may think fit to leave in this vicinity, who may assit me in the ldefence of this fort on any unforeseen event. 'The sick your excellency sent in are lodiged in thle royal hospital, and I have aftbrded them every aid which circumstances admit. I hope your excellency wVill give me other opportunities of evincing the (desire I have to satisly you. I trust your excellency will pardon my not answering you as soon as requested, fori reasons which have been given you )by your' aidlde-camnip. I (l) not accompany thIls with an English translation, as your excellency ideires, because Ithere is no one in the fort capable thereof'; but the beft'ore named WVilliam ilambly proposes to translate it to your' excellency in thie best maimer hie can. May our Lord preserve your excellency many years. Such is 1my prayer. Most excellent sir, I kiss your excellence's hands, and am your most obedient and devoted servant, FRANCISCO CASO Y LUENGO- The Most Excellent ANDREW JACKsoN, (General in chief of the troops of the United Slates before St. Marks.

refertlHIEAD-QUARIrTE.s, DIVISION OFT'rT SoUi'H,0 CAMP, NEAR S. MARKS, ,fpril 7, 1818. ,I refer you to my communications of yesterday for tIhe motives which have compelled me to occupy the fort of St. Marks. I again repeat that I have entered t(h territory of Spain as a friend, to chastise a mutual enemy of both nations, and whom His Catholic Majesty was bound, under ttie most sacred of treaties, to have punished himself. Peculiar circumstances, however, have prevented, and it was therefore expected that every facility would have been) given to the American arms to have ensured success to their operations. The occupation of' St. Marks is essential to the accomplishment of' my campaign, nnd is peculiarly so at this period, when evidence is derived from every source of thIe designs of' thIe negroi'es and Indians against that fortress. They are now concentrating with the intention of taking possession of' Si. Marks the moment my army moves from its vicinity, the (lislodging them from which will cot mine muore American blood than I am disposed should be shed. Success to my operations requires d(lespatch; you will excuse nme, therefore, in refusing your request that a suspension should be g'anted uttil A permit is obtained fr'omln your GovernimeIit, and on insisting that Fort St. Marks should be immediately occupied by Amnerican troops. Major Fanning, my inspector general, and Lieutenant Simmons, of the ordnance department, are appointed to act, with one or two officers nominated on your part, to take an inventory of and inspect all public property in the fort of St. Marks, for which receipts will be given in the name of the American Government. Any disposition which you would wish made with tIle private property o' yourself, officers, and soldiers, or any other arrangements vatifying to yourself, will be settled by my aid-de-camps, Lieutenants Gadisden and Glassel. ANDREW JACKSON, Major General Commanding. DoN FRANCslco CABO LUENoo, Commanding Fort St. Marks. 706 MILIARYAFFAIRS. [1818. [TRANSLATION.] APPALACHIE, H.pril 7, 1818. MOST EXCELLENT SIR: I should insist on what I stated to your excellency in my letter of this morning, as to the necessity of awaiting orders from the Governor of Pensacola fir the delivery of this fort under my command, were I not, in addition to what your excellency says in your answer, threatened by your aid-de-camp and the other officers appointed to negotiate on the subject, and had not so large a b)ody of troops entered, without awaiting iny permission, and taken possession (if all (lthe stores and posts, lowering the Spanish flag, and hoisting the American. So manifest a violation of the territory of His Catholic Majesty obliges me to complain of it, and to protest against it; and I accordingly do protest against it, anti beg of your excellency to provide me, as speedily as possi. ble, the vessels necessary to transport me to Pensacola, together with the troops and those persons who are in the royal employ, and also to give orders that, in the interim, the private property and effects of every Spanish individ. ual here be respected. With respect to the public property of His Catholic Majesty, I have nominated the subal. tern officer of this detachiment'and commissary of the fort to make, with the three officers whom you name to me, an inventory thereof. I repeat to your excellency my respects, and prayers to God to preserve your life many years. Most excellent sir, I kiss your excellency's hands. Your most obedient and devoted servant, FRANCISCO CASO Y LUENGO. The Most Excellent ANDREW JACKSON, General of the troops qf the U. S. before St. Marks.

HlEAD-QUARTERS, DIVISION OF T'HE SOUTHt, CAMP, NEARl ST. MARKS, AJpril 7, 1818. SIR: I have received your protest against my proceedings. The occupancy of Fort St. Marks by my troops, previous to your assenting to the measure, became necessary from the difficulties thrown in the way of an amicable adjustment, notwithstanding my assurances that every arrangement should be made to your satisfaction, and ex. pressing a wish that my movements against our common enemy should not be retarde(l by a tedious negotiation. 1 again repeat what has been reiterated to you through mly aid-de-camp, Lieutenant Gadtlsden, that your personal rights andpi(private property shall be respected; that your situation shall be aeade as comfortable as practicable while compelled to reinhi ill Fort St. Marks; and that transports shall be ft'urnished, as soon as they can be obtained, to convey yourself, family, and command to Piensacola. I daily expect some vessels from the bay of Appalachicola; as soon is they arrive, the most suitable shall be selected for sait purpose. ANDItEW JACKSON. Mqjor General Commanding. DON FRAN^CISCO CA(sO Y lU:NG;, Governor of St. Marks.

[TRANSLATION.] PENSACOLA, .8pril 16, 1818. MOsT E:XC:I.LENT SIl: Your excellency^s letter of the 25th of the last month has been delivered to me, and also that of the 261h, in answer to mine of' the 6Ilh of' February last. I have the honor to advise your excellency of the receipt of both. and to answer the former. In the month of' May, of' the last year, from a spirit of conciliation, I permitted a cargo of provisions, which the schooner Mobiterla had brought from New Orleans to this place, to pass up the Escambia to Fort Crawford. In- tluencedl by the same sentiments, 1 made a similar concession to Captain Call, assenting to the transporting of the cargo) brought by the schooner Italiana, in January last, to the said destination; alnd, more lately, in continuance of the same amicable and conciliatory spirit. I consented that Lieutenant Eddy, of the garrison of' the before named fort, (commissioned by its commander, Major Young, for the purpose.) should procure sixty barrels of provisions in this place; and the cargo of' the schooner Italiana (which is, or ought to be, deposited here) not being yet export- ed, I (Ito not think the further introduction of provisions, which your excellency asks at present, necessary; but, nevertheless, as I infer from your excellence's letter that these provisions are already on their passage, in pursuance oft' the sufferance hitherto accorded, and observing the restrictions and course established, that is, to consign them to a Spanish commercial house, who will take care to) forward them, and pay the royal duties of import and export, I will allow th(lie same destination to be given to then as to the former, provided that the Government of the United States shall not set tip, oi' derive any right, either now oir hereafter', from these purely gratuitous con- cessionss as I make them from the obligation of' existing circumstances, which do not admit of' supplying the garrison of tde before named Fort Crawford by any other way. In accordance with the declaration of your excellency, when you add that it is not your intention to enter into a discussion with me in relation to the right which the United Statas may claim to the free navigation of the Escam- bin, so neither is it mine to discuss this subject with your excellency, as well because it does not fall within my duties, as that, being a subordinate officer, I am bound to obey the superior otn whom I depend, it being my duty, -until I receive instructions to the contrary, to be governedd on this head by the treaties existing between the United States and Spain; and in the last of' amity, limits, and navigation, I do not see the before named river mentioned, but the sovereignty of the King my master over all the territories, rivers, coasts, ports, and harbors lying south of' 31° north, solemnly and explicitly recognized by (lie United Statest and, if extraordinary existing eircun- stances should require any further temporary concessions, not explained in thle said treaty, I request your excellency to have the goodness to apply, in future, for the obtaining of them to the proper authority, as 1, for imy part, possess no power whatever in relation thereto. May God preserve your excellency many years. JOSE MASOT. His Excellency ANDREW JACKSON, Major General, 4.c.

HEAD-QUARTERS, DIVIsIoN OF THE SOUTH, FORT ST. MARKS, pril 27, 1818. SIR: After I left this port for St. Juan, to disperse and destroy the mutual enemy of Spain and the United States, a small schooner, with men and supplies, arrived from Pensacola, and was taken possession of and detained by my officer left in commanind. This vessel has been liberated with all her effects, excepting some clothing of the United States unaccompanied with any invoice and which has been detained, as supposed to be a part ot that taken on board the boats within the territory of this republic, in which Lieutenant Scott, of the United States'-army, with his command, were #o inhumanly massacred. ' I regret being compelled to state to you, that, from the papers and other proofs taken at St Juan's; the quantity of American cattle found at St. Marks, and purchased by me from the commissary of the post and the intercourse 1818.1] DEFEAT OF THE SEMINOLE INDIANS&c. 707 kept up between this post and the hostile Indians, there is too much ground to believe that the Indians have been encouraged, aided, and abetted by the officers of Spain in this cruel war against the United States. Proof Positive exists that the Indians were supplied with ammunition by the late coltniandant of St. Marks. The United States clothing being foundl onI board or a vessel in the employ of the Governmnent of Spain, sailing from Pensacola direct for this port, compels me to call on you for a statement in what manner you camine possessed of said clothing. The good understanding that so happily exists between His Catholic Majesty and the United States formed a 4ust ground to believe that his agents would have discountenantced (his cruel and savage war against the citizens ot this republic Spain, too weak to comply with her treaties with thile United States, or chastise her own savage subjects waging wa'r against a friendly nation, it was scarcely to be believed that her officers would have been detected in aiding and abetting tlhe enemy, assisting wilh the intelligence of our minovements, and purchasing the property dlepredated of us. America, just to her treaties, and anxious to maintain peace with the world, cannot and will not perminit such a savage war to be carried on in disguise any longer. Asylums have been granted to the persons and property of an Indian foe, (fugitives from the territory ol'f the United States;) facilities, deemed by inc necessary to terminate a war which, under existing treaties, should have been maintained by Spain; for feeding my troops; and liberating the subjects o'f Spain imprisoned by thIe Indians; have all been denied by the officers of' His Catholic Majesty. All these facts prove the unjust conduct of Spanish agents in Florida. It cannot be longer tolerated, and although a republic fond of peace, the United States know her rights and at the expense of war will maintain them. ANDREW JACKSON, Major General Commanding. DoN JosE MAsoT, Governor of Pensacola.

[TRANsIA'rONS. ] No. 2. Copy of a note of the Commandant of West 7Florida to Major Young, at the encampment, banks ofthe Escambia. P:ENsAcOLA, Jprilt 27, 1818. SIR: Your note of the 27th, dated encampment on the Escambia and Fort Crawford, accompanying (he proclama- tion which you were pleased to enclose, were delivered to ,he at three o'clock this afternoon by an artificer, a mian of color, whose speedy return not allowing me at present to answer them in detail, I shall merely state, that the small number of peaceful Indians who were in (his place and its vicinity retired on thle 26th, at the dawn of which (lay several ol'f himn, both women and children, were killed by the troops of' the United States. As it is not my purpose to investigate the motives of this act, or of the violation resulting from it, I shall only saiy that, in colpli- ance with my duty, I sill give an account of the whole proceeding to mly superior; an(d, in tire mean time, I hope you will allow no further hostilities to be committed on-this territory, on any pretence whatever. If the Indians should give any further cause of' complaint, I trust you will informl me of it, that they miay receive due punishment, should that depend on my authority. IIf there are any Indians still remaining within this territory, I wi}l have theni sought for and informed of your letter, andti advise you of tlie result. I can assurm'e you, both under' ily hind andti on my word, that thIe information, as stated in your letter', of the aggressions comn mitted by (he Inrdians is the fitr.t I have had of' them, for at the time I agreed to thIe return of the esco(Ir't referred to, I had no knowledge of' any others than those who were concerned in the attack on Lieutenarnt Eddy. I repeat to you the assurance that my wishes and efSiirts are wholly directed to preserve the peace happily subsisting between our Governments. In a full confidence in favorable sentiments, 1 beg leave to oll(r you my salutations. your God respectful preserve you many years. JOSE MASOT. To Major W. YOUNG, Commanding the Jlmerican troops on the Eseambia.

Copy of a notefrom Jose Mlasot to Major W. Young. PENSACOLA, ,lpril 30, 1818. SIR: In consequence of the request expressed in your' letter of the 27th instant, I assembled the chiefs of the Upper Creeks at the villages of Colomine, Canaan, Cowale1 andti Forsatche, and communicated t.i, them the contents of your letter. They all replied that they had flor' a long time been very miserable and wretched, without shelter or home that by the counsel of ai good friend they had at length found one, that they had listened attentively to it, and accepted with gratitude tile oters you had made them. 1These Indians are about eighty-seven ii number, including women and children. They agreed to divide themselves into three parties, and set out on their march, as soon as I received your answer, which they thought it would be prudent for ti em to keep; and that when you were informed of their resolution, you would give the necessary orders for their sale progress, and avoiding aniy rencounter with the Choctaws, who, it'not seasonably appri'.ed of tile circumstances, might attack tlemn, in which case the pacific arrangements, in which we both take so strong an interest, would be entirely del'eated. Opahi-hola,an Ali lamon chief, on account of his advanced age, and infirmities, will, for the present, remain here with his family. I have given orders for his relief, anid pledge myself for hIis good( behaviour. You will always find me disposedd, sir, to promote any measure conducive to the mutual inIterests of our two countries, which may, at the same time, be in cimnlbrmity with existing treaties. I offer you the renewed assurances of my respect, and I pray God to preserve you, JOSE MASOT. To Major. WHITE. YousG. WHITE, ~To Major. ~ ~ Y~~OU~NG, PENSACOLA, May 2, 1818. True copies of the letter and documents deposited in the archives of this command. In the absence of the Secretary, (by indisposition,) BUENAVENTURA DUBIEUIL.

HEAD-QUARTERS, DIvISIoN or THE SOUTH, FORT MoNTGOMERY, June 2, 1818.. The Seminole war having terminated I deem it politic and advisable to send to Washington John Blunt and his Indian comrades, who have acted as pilots to me during the late campaign. John Blunt is a T'uckabatchee Indian, has long been friendly to the United States, and in consequence of his opposition to the Red Stick party during the Creek war has drawn down upon himself their vengeance during the late contest. His settlement being in an Mexed situation on thIe Appalachicola river, he was early attacked by the Seifilnoles, his property destroyed, and his family rifled from him; alone he escaped and fled to Fort Scott, wher'e,joining the American standard, he has prVed himself a most zealous friend and faithful pilot to this period. In justice to him I am bound to state, that to his correct knowledge of the country and zealous attachment to the cause in which we were engaged, am I mut- I1rably indebted for the success of the present campaign. 708_ _ [1IJl1IAfY·· A rAI1. [1an,

Mi'. Hambly accompanies John Blunt. Mr. fH. is a Spanish subject by birth, and hasi» Ing b.en a resident ala trader on thle Applalchicola river. In contsetqlitce (of his attachietnt to thle Atnerica cause,i d hisl.active exer. ·n toI ar thie tiona...... ffto check.'ec the.i.'hostile.....'l feelings'.ltin of....th'those In(it4 disposed ; ' tltagainstle, Ulited Statles, he drew downtupon himnsell'f andfi(illy ilheir vengeance. lie was forcibly laken fronl his house at all early period(ofi the war, hi pro. pirlv, goolits, antid net'groes taken from himil, andlt hlie violently Itransported froin Mickasuky, Suwaiiy, and St. Maiks until finally relieved by Captain McKeever of the A lerican Navy; since which period he has been aiacheI toIn army as JIndian interpreter. You witi find him an hotei t and faiitful friend to our Government, nind valuable fir (he illinrmatiol which lie can ntlurd of Spanish policy anild intrigue. tie is weIl acquainted wilhI all tile trailsactiona of Foreign agents in this country, lof their practices, &c. and how fitr' encoiuriged by thIe Spanish authority, &c. With respect, &c. ANDREW JACKSON, Majtdor General Commanding. The Ilonorable JOHN (.'C. CALHOUN, Secretary of far.

IlEAD-qiUART'ts, DIVISION OF SOLUTHi, FORT MAONTGOMERY, June 2, 1818. S$n: Ti',, Ii n communication to you ofMtile "ih of May, I detailed at length fhle operations of mIy lrmyit)fj) t tiat period .Ueaving ,Ias' tro. garr,"isol, of ri,'gulhl's' ilt Fort Scott and Gailsdelli I resuill'iediliymillarch wilh II stiltal dete{Clillnet' (Ie 4lh e'tgillt,!it ofl' iintilly, oietcollip.i y of aliilleiry, atld (li e elh'lclives ill,111 Telllesseee vilUillteerl's, llthe ,w ho, niot exceedii;g twelve hut l,'eemne, to edIuiil nyy iltn i lithlilltt ou. of scouIingIlit' coIIunIII'Y west of Ilhe App{lachicola river'. On thIe 10;h of Maiy, lily arniy ci'rosed that river'l at the Ochesee villile, niti, after a fatiguing, tedious, ani cit'cutitous mutat'ch of twelve days, iUsi'ed by the igntoiance ofi our pilots.tda xpoti' dItotihe severst pri. viaitioswe finallyt reached atnd electedIt pa)ssiigeIe,o ' IelE3itillbia. Oi ly irnch, oin thet23dl Miy, a piroitest minm the Governor ot I'ensacola was delivered ile by ia SpaniIsh elicer, renistrating, in warm terms agiinst ,y pro. ceeldings,n.ndal ordering ,lie ald illy forces instainttly to quit the teriititiy oif Ills Catholic M;jesly. witlih a threat to apply force ill tlie event f a no.i-coinplice. Thi wassovt pen ,ni mollelinl'ol'Itllllg,1i palP, after hilvinl4! been earlll' itid weil advisedll of the object ofi' lily operations, ttat I helsitaletied no lo,ger ion tile inetlisures it be adoip)teIdI.. I nitii'c et oihreiandn' itered (Ilti'lSacolil, with only ( lie show ofl resisti'.ce, oiln tile S21.I of May. lThe Governor had previously tied tofiort Carlos fie Btitcas, where it wai said Ite resolved upon it mo-Uit desperate resistance, A corresponidencve, ensued between its, accottimanying this, inatked A, (detailing mymotives f'or wvisIhing and deinaiiliog chat'enspondet andite detpedencies be occupied withIan Ai'eraiin gtiliim-.on. 'T'le package. maitked II, aie ticu. il (It cotnduct oh the i?»lt Goveor merits substaitliating tlite clatiges, pairt, tiittiinst .11gillem's, IM SpliI~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~"iiiLI ving kniowingly anil wil. fimtg(y admitted the svs,iavowedly hostile to the United States, withIintthe town oftt V~eII.4co0a . Thil peaceable su i'editder oft the foirt at thlit tirancas Was denied; I marched fAli atid invested it (lit the Cevetiiitn' of' the, *25tl of May; Hitit, o1tiIhe samitte night. pushed reconnoiltring parties midter its very gulls. Ot llhei irillg of' Ihv 2filh a military reco'iaissanilce Was taken and, ot tihe srmte imighl, li tiodgemien'ttt w.Vis ttmnit, ldiliat' firette110111 the Stavisih gimiristin, Ca Ga(JtdM', i('tlie engitmees, aided liy (5

At the close of a campaign, which has terminated so honorably and happily, it gives me pleasure to express ms approbation generally of the officers and soldiers of every species of corps which I have had the honor to command. The patience with which they endured fatigue, and submitted to privations, and the determinationn with which they encountered and vanquished every difficulty, is the strongest indication of the existence of that patriotic feeling which no circumstances can change, and that irresistible ardor, in thie defence of their country, which will prove her strength and bulwark under any exposure. I should (1o violence to my feelings, ift' I did not particularly notice the exertions of'I my quartermaster general, Colonel George Gibson, who, under the most embarrassing of circumstances, relieved the necessities of my army, and( to whose exertions I was indebted fior the supplies received. His zeal and integrity in this campaign, as well as in the uniibrmn discharge of his duties, since his connexion with my staff, merits the approbation and gratitude of his country. With respect, yours, &c. ANDREW JACKSON, The Hon. J. C. CALHOUN, Secretajry of War. MaDorMajor General Commandingf.Comandin [TRANSLATION.] MOST EXOELLENT SIR: PEINSACOLA, May 18, 1818. On the 10th instant I received your excellency's lette' of (he 27th of April last, infi'rming me that some articles of' tihe clothing used by the troops of the United States, and supposedI to be part of (hose taken in the boat in which Lieutenant Scott and his escort were'so inhumanly murdered, were foIund in a small schooner (lespatche(d from this port for that of A ppalachie with provisions. Your excellency inquires of me in what manner these articles came into my possession, and you further state that you Ifeel yourself obliged to informin me that the documents and(thie proofs found in St. Juian, the detentionn of Amnerican cattle, found in St. Marks, and the correspondence carried on between this post andi(ltihe hostile Indians, are sufficient to create a belief that they were varied andi incited to this cruel war against the United States by the Spanish officers. Your excellency adds that there exists positive proofs that the In(lians were supplied with munitions by the last commander of St. Marks; and you conclude by saying that an asylumin has been granted here to thle persons antd property of thie Indians, who are enemies to the United States, and fugitives from the Americaiin territory; and that these proceedings, antd the refusing to allow the passage of provisions for your troops, prove the unjust conduct of the Spanish agents in the Floridas. I shall answer the charges alleged in their proper order, with candor, and without evasion or reservation. The first complaint made by your excellency is relative to ithe articles of clothing foun(d on board the schooner Maria, and which have been (letaine(d on the supposition that. they are the property oft' tlie UJnited States. Part of these articles, as is proved by copy of No. 1, were purchased at New Orleans in the month of May, last year, part came from the Havaninah; and part were purchased in this place. All this is established. The charge is, (! course, done away, and your excellence s question is satisfactorily answered, I'he succeeding one is more serious, and relates to thie course observed of' late I)y the Governor of St. Marks. I immediately required of himi an account tof his conduct, and lie made ine the communication found in copy No, 2. However, as your excellency affirms that you possess positive proofs of the miscon(luct of (his officer, I must, as a necessary consequence, entreat you to submit themrn to me, that, the fhct being established, I may inflict on him deserved punishment. I assure your excellence, with the sincerity. natural to mle, (ihat lie has acted in entire opposition to his instructions; and that, if' yoIur excellency will transmit the proofs I request, hlie shall be brought before a council of' war, ad( punished with all the severity his transgressions (deserve; but your excellency will be just enough to allow thfit the Spanish Government cannot be responsible for the misconduct of its agents, when it neither upholds themtherein, nor suffers their ,ial -practices, being ascertained, to pass unpunished. The last complaints of your excellency have a personal and direct application to myself, and are relative to the asylum granted to the persons and property of' the fugitive In(l ians, and to the passage of' provisions up) the Escambia. it is easy for me to remove these charges, and'I think your excellency will be satisfied with a short and true relation of' facts. With respect to the Indians, your excellency has been assuredly misinformed, as, although it is true that some remained here, the greater part of them were women and children, who procured a subsistence by furnishing the inhabitants with wood, lish, and other trilling objects, and werelihee before thle present war with the Seminoles. Others, now and then, assembled on account of the war, but in very small numbers, as, when I had them collected, in compliance willih the proposition made by Mnjor Young, they, altogether, amounted to eighty-seven, an(ld, assuredly, these few unarmedI and miserable men were not hostile to thle United States. 'lie continual passing of American citizens from the frontier to this people, who travelled alone and unarmed among them, without being, at any time, insulted or molested in their persons or property, is a pi'oof of this. With respect to thie passage of provisions utp the Escambia, I have not hitherto prevented it, but, on the contrary, have facilitated it so finr as [. was able, and inmy limited powers have permitted, even to the conpl'omitting of myself; for, being only a subordinate officer, I could not consent to it, as it is unauthorized, but I took thle responsibility on myself, in consideration of' existing circumstances. anti so I stated to your excellency int) my letter of the 15th of last month, which I wrote to you by Mnjor Perrault, and to which I refer you in support of my assertion. Now, that the liree commerce of this people with those of the interior is declared aidmissible by higher authority, there will, in future, be no difficulty in allowing the merchants to transport from hence to Fort Criawflird, and other forts on the frontier, as wellI by water as by land, whatever provisions and effetcs they may need or desire; by which means these I)osts will readily be provisioned, and your excellency will be satisfied. I think I have answered your excellency's letter satislictorily, and in a minannier which can leave no doubt of the sincerity of my intentions, and which evinces my desire to contribute; so fair as depends on me, to the good understanding existing between our respective Governmnents. God preserve your excellency many years. JOSE MASOT. His Excellency ANDIMFW JACKSON, Major General of the 4rmy of the United States. [TRANSLATIONS.] No. 1. PENSAOOLA, May 18, 1818. Being informed of what, amongst other subjects, Major General Andrew Jackson, of the United States' troops, states to you in his letter of the 27th of April last, and communicated to me in yours of the 13th instant, in which youldir'ect me to explain to you of what description the articles were, referred to by tdie said General, and by whom the coats worn by the men belonging to the Grey and Brown companies, (de pardos y morenos) from the Havana, under ny command, were sold or brought to this place, they being the same uniform as that worn by the troops ofthe United States, I have to inform you, in reply, that the articles of clothing shipped on board the Schooner Maria, for the supply of a detachment from the aforesaid companies at Appalachie, and detained by General Jackson, consisted of fifteen four point woollen blankets, brought here in His Majesty s Hermaphrodite brig El Aniurante, which arrived at this port on the 2d of January last; twenty-five pairs of French shoes, bought here of Don Henrique Granprg, as is shown by voucher No. 1, annexed; fifteen common black hats, bought of Don Hen- nque Michelet, as is proved by voucher No. 2; and twenty shirts of Crea linen, and the same number of pantaloons, received by the above named Hermaphrodite armed brig, with the exception of three or four of the latter articles, which were made in North America bfor the use of their troops, and came into my possession in the manner I shall 90 a Table: [No Caption]

Table: [No Caption]

710 MILITARY AFFAIRS. 818,

explain to( you. All which clothing I requested you, in .Line of thile 7th of April last, tolreport to the Deprrtpent of' Royal Finance, th.it they might be regularly entered in the clearance, on account, and at the risk, of the sane, By) voucher No. 3, annexed. you will perceive that, on thle 1st and 6th of May, antI 29th of July last, there were shipped to mei, 'trim New Orleans, by D)on Pedro Ddlhaste y Claveria, mer'clhant and citizen of' the United States, one hundred and ihirty-one coats of the uniform altered there, as is stated in his letter, of advice; also twenty. eight paLirs of shoes; one hundred and eighteen shirts; seventy-six pairs of pantaloons; two hundred and tlrty.sji woollen waistcoats, without sleeves' twenty Russia jackets; two hundred and fifty-three leathern caps, for the ue ofithe Ch.sseurs; and a quantity (t leathern gaiters and stocks; which articles were purchased from the military storekeeper at New Orleans, andI brought here i thile schooners Maria and Jildouse, under the charge of their masters, BIIirelmne Alberly) and .lose Medina, who included them in the mnanilfests they presented to the custom house here, ini thrli iiti, tontihl' i were .paid, as appears from the estimate of them, made by the Departmenit oni thi( 19 h uo May and hre I itI oh' .:,est last. It l;ollows, froim this statement, that thle conjecture IformedI by General Jackson, that the atic'les of cl1ii1hing detained by himn were parl of those taken from the escort ol'f Lieittrenant Scott at the time he w.t killed, within the territory of the republic, is deprived ot'f all foundation, as the unfortunate I'ate of' that otflicer aid hisescort h.ippelnd on tle Appiliachicola in D)ecemiber last; and the articles of' clothing alluded to were pur- Cihasid in New (Orleans inll May and July of the same year, as is proved by thile letters of advice and invoices conm. pri.e'd in voucher No. 3, to which I have referredI. God preserve you many years. BENIGNO GARCIA CALDERON. To Dl)on JOSE. MAso'T. No. 1. I hereby reertifly that, on the 10th of February last, I sold to Captain Do)nn Benigno Garcia Calderon, commanding the Gn'y :hndi Ihr'own companies from!liHaana, two hundtredt and eighteen pairs ofl' French shoes, iron shod, fiir the use( (o' th' meln btIflinging to (he said companies; and, at thile request of' the said officer, I give him the present cer. titicat(., at Persacola, this 18th day of May, 1818. DE GRANPRE. No. 2. NiENRIQUE I hereby certify that, on the 12th of February, last I sold to Captain Don Benigno Garcia Calderon, commanding thie Grey a.rd Brown companies froim the Havana, nine dozen round black hats for the use of the ien beloiigin to tIre said co'ipaniis; and, at the request of the said otiicer, 1 give him the present certificate, at Pensacola, this f8th day of May, 1818. HENRIIO UE MIUL30 11KT. No. 3. NEw ORLEANs, ,!lpril 30, 1817. Aniexed you have ai account of cost and charges of fifty-four shirts and twenty-eight pairs of shoes, for amount whereof yu are debited, ini accunit, fifty-three dollarss. Although I had no orders fronm you folr tile shirts, I was induced to Ipurchase them by thIe low price, and the probability of your employing them to advantage. In the sack which contains ihem, you will (ind a uniform coat, altered here, and which can be obtained of the storekeeper at twelve rivals. I think this would answer. There are about a 'hundred and twenty of' them. I am otered by tlhe samtne storekeeper fifty field tents, nearly new, at three dollars, and a pIarcel of strong leather caps. such as are wioiir b)y the Chasseurs, and which lie will sell at less than two rials; of these there are about two hundred. The storekeeper having madle e a seconId off'r ofl the coats, I proposed to take them in barter for coffee, at eighteen anid a hi;lf. At tenl rials, I amn persuaIded it would be a good bargain, and would afthord an opportunity ot' putting off the coffee, thile low quality of which makes it a dull sale. 'nhe only quality asked for, and which sells with vreat diffhiculty at twenty dollars, is thie very superior green coitee. I enclose the account of the cost andti charges ot the said coats, which you will receive by thle schooner Maria, and whose amount is charged to your debit, in account current, vi?.: $176 13. Account of cost and charges of the following articles, shipped on board the schooner Maria, Captain Elberty, bound to Pensacola, on account andi at the risk of', and to be delivered to, Dun Benigno Garcia Calderon. C.-No. I. One sack, containing twenty-eight pairs of shoes, at six rials, - - - $21 00 No. 2. ()lOne sack, containing fifty-lour shirts, at four rials, - .- - 27 00 One coal, - -.. 1-- 50 Sacks, sewing, and transportation, - - - - I 00 50 50 Connmmission, at five per cent. ~~~~- - 9-~~~250 Amount to thle debit of Don B. G. Calderon, ~~~~~-- - - $5300 PEDRO DALHASTE Y CLAVERIA. To I)on BFNIONO GARCIA CALDERON, Pensacola. Account of cost and charges of ten sacks, containing one hundred anti thirty-one coats, shipped on board the schooner Maria, Captain Granpr6, on account and at the risk of Don Benigno Garcia Calderon, at Pensacola, and to be delivered to himt thee, viz: C.-No 3 to 1'2. Ten sacks, containing one hundred and thirty-one coats, at 10 rials, - - $103 75 Sacks, sewing, and transportation, - - 4 00 167 75 Commission, at five per cent. 8 38 Amount to thle debit of D)on B.'G. Calderon, -. . .-$176 13 PEDRO DALHASTE Y CLAVERIA. NE.W ORI.EANS, Ma(y 29, 1817. NEW ORLEANS, Jubly 29, 1817. On thie fceiptof yours, the caps were already agreed for with some other articles of clotInirg, amounting, as per invoice annexedI, to $317 16.1, and which is charged to you in account. I have suspended the purchase (t the hats, which ran at f'romn eight to ten dollars, until further orders. Account of cost and charges of' the followiug articles shipped in two hogsheads, three barrels, two cases, and one sack, on board the schooner Jalouse, Jose Medina, master, bound to Pensacola, on account and at the risk of Don Benigno Garcia Calderon, and to be delivered to himn on his order, viz: Twenty.five pairs of cotton pantaloons, at fifty rials, -_ " $ ' TIwo hundred andt thirty six flannel waistcoats, at three hundred and seventy-two rials, - 88 50 Two hundred antid ififty-three caps, at eighteen and three-fourths rials, - - 7 A parcel of leather gaiters aid coyars, ------1500 Twenty Russia vests or jackets,) m Fift'y-one pairs of pantaloons, - 106 pieces at $1 each, - - -. - 10 00 TI'hirty-five cotton shirts, )

9.869604064

460406968.9 ;1818.] DEFEAT OF THE SEMINOLE INDIANS, &c. 711

Twenty-nite cotton shirts, at seventy-five rials, - - - 21 37} Cooperage and transportation, ------3 50 302 06: Commission, at five per cent. ------15 10 Amount to the debit of Don B. G. Calderon, - - - - - $31.7 16i PEDRO DALHASTE Y CLAVERIA. To Don BENIGNO GAROIA CALDERON, Pensacola. We, the undersigned, merchants of this place, hereby certify that thile foregoing copies of paragraphs of letters of advice and of invoices are perfectly conbformable to the originals exhibited to us by Captain Don Benigno Garcia Calderon, commanding tlie Grey and Brown companies from Havana; and that the signatures t hereto subscribed are in the genuine hand-writing of Don Pedro Dalhaste y3 Claveria, a citizen of' the United Stales and merchant at New Orleans. In testimony whereof we give the present certificate at the desire andi request of the aforesaid Cap- tain Calderon, at Pensacola, this 18th d(ay (of May, 1818. IlENIRIQUE MICHEIFT, VINCENI E )E ORI)OZGOI'I', VINCENTE BATLOUQUE. No. 2. PENSACOLA, iMay 14, 1818. Instructed, by your letter of yesterday, of the points treated of l)y Major General Jackson in his letter of thle 27th ulimo, and on which he ifoundls his positive assertions, that ile Indlians not only received succors at Appalachlie, but that they were excited to commit their outrages against themI, [the United States,] were a(ldvised of his moveinents, &c. I have, in answer, to express the astonishment this afti,' has caused me, andi which has solely arisen from the imposture.employed, by sole malicious pIersonr, to asperse the parties crimniinated by the letter of the said General. Ilis excellency states, that, from thl'e papers and other proofs taken at St. John's, the detention of American cattle found at St. Marks, and purchase( o the commissary there, alnd the intercourse carried on bet ween that place and the hostile Indians, it is evident that they were inspirited and excited to this cruel war by the Spaniards. 'To(this I h;ve to reply, that it has never come to my knowledge that any person behioging to the fort hadI any intercourse, directly or indirectly, with St. John's; and although I wrote two letters to Mr. Arbuthnot, an I',nglish merchant, one ofl'them was m,,rely to thank him for the three copies [exempplares] hlie sent me froin thence or Savinnahl, and for the information he gave me of' the intention of' the insurgents at Amielia Island, and of' Captain Wlood,)iie, who I informed you by express was one of the two chiefs hung on thile day I left Ap))ilachie, or on the preceding (ne; aind the other was to request himi to come or send as speedily as possible for, thle elects which, at the request of the Inliiin chief's, and to avoid increasing their' suspicions, I permitted to bet deposited in the fort on the d(epar't t re of O'Kelagne, who lu'd them in charge; and although by this step I ran some risk, froinm (lthe state of' uxcitetneril of both parties, it was one which does not appear to tie to give any just ground for suspicion. Nor does thle finding of American cattle, which his excellency states lie purchased at St. Marks, afford greater cause of suspicion, as it is notorious that, from thile time of its establishment, its suppl))lies were obtained I'from (lie droves (of cattle brought there for sale by the Indians; and that they had many is shown from those foun(Id in Mickasukey and its vicinity. Purchases were only occasionally made, because we considered ourselves sufficiently supplied Ifor some months; and if the cattle were stolen from the Americans, the sellers took good care to conceal that faIct, andl were all of' them known to have droves, and were in tile habit of' bringing them lbr sale; and very seldom was it that the American comniandant or magistrate, within whose district these excesses were committed(, was known to complain of them to the comninain(ldant at St. Marks, and send him tile marks of thle cattle, that it might be seen 'from whence they came, and the purchase of them be avoided. Nor (does thle intercou se between tlhe for't and the Indians, complained of' by General Jackson, affl'ord any better' evidence of what he asserts, that from this it is infermable that they were inspirited and excited to this cruel war by the Spaniards. Such intercourse and good under'staiiding were at all times recotntnended by the Government, and(I ntiever more necessary than in the cir'cumnstances in which we were placed in the fott; and on this, amongst other reasons, General Jackson, in his first letter, tfoundled his demand that it should be occupied biy his troops; and added, that (on this account such a course could not fIail to be approved by his Catholic' Majesty. In the same letter hlie stated to me, that lie had been informed by an Indian woman, a prisoner, that the Indians and niegroes had receiveId large su pplies (4' munitions from,thle fort. 1 thought I had convinced hiin of the conltra'y in my aiiswet', in which I represented to hinm (hat no one could( better' remove from his mind any unfavorable impressions on thi.i p)i:int, that thle bearer of it, Mr'. William Hillambilly, who, during his stay here, repeatedly interpreted to mne (lie anxiety of the chief's to obtain such supplies; ail that ihe could also informal him, that I uhiloirmly counselled them to avoid thile destruction which has overtaken them, and which I fioresaw from the fist. But as it appears he is not yet satisfied, and persists in his charge, a reference to thle returns of the public storekeeper will show that, fromi tile month of May last, and prior t, the receipt ofl' your order's, there had been issued to sonime chiefs and head men, and that merely Ifr'om motives of' policy, only three pounds of' p),owder, three pounds of balls, and fourteen flints; atnd the interpreter belonging to the fort, Ju an Sandoval, anti his son Francisco. through whliom I communicated with tle Indians, can also) testify to (hlie truth of' this statement, whose evidence I request of you to have taken, in refutation of General Jackson's charge against me'. Ie cannot but kntw that, a short time before the Negro Foirt oil the Appalachicdla was blown up), atill the chief's of' thle tribes in its immediate vicinity went there and supplied themselves with powder and ball left for them by thle English; and that at Mickasukey, and the houses in the neighborhood, there was a great quantity. Having thus obtained sot larghte a supply oft' the kind of powder and ball they most esteemed, what value could they set on ours, which they in falct view with such indifference and contempt, that only those hunters, of' whom now and then one comes to the fIort to- supply us with venison, geese, &c. will use it; andI although, as I stated in my coinIllilunication to you, some was repeatedly requested of mte by the chief Kinache, foIr the purpose of showing, by the refusal of' it, that the American interest prevailed in thle fort, hle did not obtain it; in consequence ,of which we were considered as American partisans to thle last, were reproached witll it, andr had even to put utip with sotne iinpertinences firom them. I shall, however, in strict adherence to truth, and because the circumstance imay have given rise to these suspicions, state that filhe chief Petisacho, who was hung, received, anomg other things, at the fort fi'om inMr. Arbuthnot. an English merchant, when hle came from Savannah to request aid against thle negroes firomi Inmn on account ol' their' molestation, a small barrel of powder, which might contain from twenty to twenty-five pounds, and which was kept with the other effects brought from O'Kelagne' ., and which he had in change. Wlhat lie did( with it I know not, but I well know that the chief occasioned mle much fear and anxiety, by being so near the fort with four oir five hundred Indians of his party. I never had an idea that he employed it against tile Americans, but supposed that they used it in the purchase of peltry for thle said Arbuthnot, which was his avowed object, and in which he was engaged on thle arrival of the Aimnericans. The idea that thle officers'at St. Marks lent thenmlselves-to aid(l andt excite the Indians, by giving them information of thle movements of the Americans, is highly ridiculous; fior' how, ot from whence, could their movements be better known at tile fort-thaii from the Indians themselves? Thithe.' they passed. and from thence repassed, incessantly, and their reports were so various that they deserved very little attention; as a proof of which, nothing certain was known of (the operations of the Americans until the alill'erent columns of their troops appeared. At tIe mouth.of' the Pinar, although their three vessels were at anchor there for three or four days previous, they kept Engl ish colors flying until the before the arrival of (hie army. My difl'fer'ent communications totoyoa' ~ tmk o (Jay you are pledges tIhati took no partM in thile contest between tlhe Americans and thle Indians; nevertheless, my 712 MILITARY AFFAIRS. (1818.

mistrust of the latter evinced to which I gave a preference. How, then,Is it possible to believe that I gave them the aid of which General Jackson complains, or how call such aid be reconciled with the tenor of my letters and the steps I took to liberate Messrs. Edinund Doyle and William Hambly, by which I exposed myself and my garrison to the of a the vengeance of tie Indians? Or, lastly, with fact my having ransomed, at most critical moment, an Ameican soldier, whom they declared to nme they would otherwise put to death? I leave it to the most impartial to decide, if these he not proofs of tile existence, at St. Marks, of a bias in fI'avor of the American interest; and of this, I am persuaded,. General Jackson will be convinced on deliberately reflecting on the subject. I shall not den. that I have observed towards those barbarians a policy which had the appearance of a warm friendship, and by which I have incurred considerable expenses. If, however, all the circumstances attendant on my situation be duly weighed, it will be.seen that all this was necessary to restrain them from (loi(ng what they had at one time pre. meditated, on tlihe pretext I have just alluded to. an(d on others suggested to tieIn by some persons who hadl gone from hencc to those parts of thile country. Although I have, as 'I conceive, given satisfaction on all the points embraced by Major General Jackson in his letter, I beg leave to request that, for fuller evidence o what I allege, ou will be pleased to give orders Ior having the testimony taken of the interpreter and his son, of the subaltern l)on Miguel Ordonez, of D)oi Anastasio Montes (lie Oca, the military storekeeper, and of surgeon Don Diego de Barrias, as these persons have some knowledge of the subject in question. God preserve you many years. !o D)on .losE: M ASOT. FRANCISCO CASO Y I.UNENGO. PENSACOLA, May 23, 1818. It having come to my knowledge that ytou have passed the frontiers with the troops under your command, and that you are within the territory of this province of West Florida, which is subject to my government, I solemnly protest against this procedure as an otfence against my sovereign, exhorting you, and requiring of you, in his name, to retire froil it; as if you (1o not, anI contiinue your aggressions, I shall repel force by Iorce. The consequence in this case will, doubtless, be the effusion of' blood, and also an interruption of' the harmony which Ihas hitherto reigned between our respective nations; but, as (he repeller of an insult has never been deem. ed the aggressor, you will be responsible, both to God and mnan, for all the fatal consequences which may result. (1God preserve you many years. JOSE MASOT. The C(ommanlnder of the ./rnerican Troops. A cop)y of this pIrotest was addressed to General Andrew Jackson, and sent by a Spanish officer, meeting the American army, shortly after it had passed the Escambia river. J. GADSDEN, .rid-de-carnp.

tlEAD-QUARTrERS, )DIVISION OF T'H SOUTH, PENSACOLA, May 24, 1818. SIR: T'he enclosed communication wa,,' forwardled to you by my aid-de-camp, Captain Gadsden, last evening; not finding you, however, in Pensacola, ifs delivery was delayed. I have entered Peinsaicola to provision my troops. I have only to add, that an immediate compliance with my demand is expected. Resistance or. your part would be a nee(lless sacrifice of' men. AN D)RIEW JACKSON, Major General Commanding. D)on JosE MAso'r, Governor of Pensacola, at ort, S. Charles, Barancas.

I^HEAD-qUARTERS, DIVISION OF THE SOUTH, (on the line qf marchh) May 23, 1818. The Southern frontier of the United States has, for more than twelve months, been exposed to all the horrors of a cruel and savage war. A party of' outlaws and refugees from the Creek nation, negroes who have fled from their masters, citizens of the United States, and sought an asylum in Florida, and the Seminole Indians, inhabiting the territory of Spain, all uniting, have raised the tominahawk, and, in the character of savage warfare, have neither regarded sex nor age; helpless women have been massacred, and the cradle crimsoned with the blood of innocence. The United States, true to their own engagements, and confiding in the faith (iof Spain to enforce existing treaties, never entertained a doubt but that these atrocities would early attract the attention of the Spanish Government, and that speedy and effectual measures would have been adopted for their suppression. Under this persuasion, acordon of military posts was established to give immediate protection to such of our frontier settler's as were peculiarly exposed, and strict injunctions issued to thile American officers to respect the territory of' Spain, and not to attempt operations within its limits. These instructions were most scrupulously observed; and, notwithstanding thile inac- tivity (oft the American troops had encouraged thie Indians to the most (daring and outrageous acts of violence against our citizens, the Government of the United States was still disposed to respect the territory of Spain. and confide in the ability of the Spanish Government to execute existing treaties, until nadlvised through you that, with every disposition, hle Spanish authorities had not the power of controlling the In(dians in Florida; that their acts of late were viewed as equally hostile to the interests of Spain as those of tile United States; that Spanish subjects were not exempted fri'om the evils of which we complained, and that the negro establishment on the Appa. lachicola, and St. Juan rivers, were founded by British agents, contrary to the will' of Spain. Those representations determined thile President of the United States to adopt effectual measures to restore tranquillity tothe Southern frontier of' thle American repul)lic:and, pursuant to his orders, justifiable by the immutable laws of sell'- (lefence. I have penetrated into Florida, reduced to ashes the Seminole villages, destroyed their magazines of pro- visio(ns, beaten their warriors whenever they hazarded a contest, some, and others across the river. dispersed expelled In tile course of' my operations, it became necessary to visit the Spanish fortress of St. Marks. Entering the territory of Spain to tight her battles, to relieve from bondage her subjects, and to chastise an Indian tribe whom she acknowledged(, under existing treaties, she was bounl( to preserve at peace with the Unitedi States, I had ever)' reason to expect that the American army would have been received as friends, and every facility afforded toinsure success to operations so interesting to both Governments. My expectations have not been realized. It had been reported to me, direct from you, that Fort St. Marks had been threatened by the Indlians and negroes, and you expressed serious apprehensions, from the weakness of the garrison, and defenceless state of' the works, f'or its safety.- From other sources to be relied on, the same information had been furnished ime. It became necessary, therefore, to anticipate the movements of the enemy, and amicably to get possession of a work, thile dislodging thie enemy t'rom which might cost me much precious blood. On entering St. Marks, evidence of' the duplicity and unfriendly feelings of the commandant evinced itself. 1 found that the gates of his fort had been thrown open to the avowed savage enemies of the United States. That councils of war had been permitted to be held within his own quarters by the chietfs and warriors. That the Spanish store-houses had been appropriated to the use, and were then filled with goods belonging to thile hostile party. TIhat cattle, knowingly plunderedl from the citizens of the United States, had been contracted for and purchased by the officers of the garrison, from tile Spanish thieves. That ftireign agents had fri'ee access within the walls of St. Marks and a Mr. Arbuthnot, condemned and executed as the instigator of this war, an'inmate in the commandant's family, 1818.] DEFEAT OF THE SEMINOLE INDIANS, &c. 713

From this fort was information afforded the enemy, of tile strength anti movements of my army, by tihe said Arbuthnot, the (late of departure of express noted by the Spanish commissary, and ammunition, munitions of war, and all necessary supplies furnished. On my return from my operations east, your letter was received, positively refusing to permit (unless exorbitant duties werepaid) any provisions passing up to the American fort on the Escambia. Connected with this strong indication of anll unfriendly disposition on your part, I have, learnt from the most unquestionable authority, that the city of Pensacola has, for some months past, been entirely under the control oh the Indiais; thait lree ingress and egress is permitted to the avowed savage enemy of the United States; that supplies of ammunition, munitions of war, and provisions, have been received by them from thence; that on thle 15th of April last, there was no less than five hundred Indians in Pensacola, many of them known to be hostile to the United States, and who had but lately escaped my pursuit. ihe late massacre of eighteen indiiduals on the Federal road was committed by Indians. direct from their return to Pensacola, who were received by you and transported across the bay, to elude the pursuit of' the American troops. The Americans returning, the savages were permitted to return. An Indian, wounded in pursuit by a party, for having killed a citizen '(f the United States, was openly, in the sight of many Americans, received by you, and every comfort administered. Such practices, if' authorised by the King, would justify me in open hostilities. Disposed, however, to believe that it was one of' the unauthorised acts of agents, I deem it politic and necessary to occupy Pensacola and (he Barancas with an American garrison, until the Spanish Government can. be advised of the circumstance, and have force sufficient to maintain, and agents disposed to enforce, existing treaties. This is the third time that the American troops have been. compelled to visit Pensacola from the same causes. Twice had the enemy been expelled, and the place left in quiet possession of those who had permitted the irregular occupancy. TIhis time it must be held until Spain has thle power or will to maintain her neutrality. 'Ilhis is justifiable on the immutable principles of self-defence. The Government of' the United States is bound to protect her citizens; but weak would be all its efforts, and ineffectual (lie best advised measures, if' the Floridas are to be free to every enemy, and on thle pretext of policy or necessity, Spanish fortresses are to be opened to their use, and every aid and comfort afl'orded. I have been explicit, to preclude the necessity of a tedious negotiation. My resolution is fixed, and I have strength enough to enforce it. My army now occupies the old fort St. Michael, commanding Pensacola. If the town and the Barancas are peaceably surrendered, an inventory of all the property. ammunition, arms, &c. shall be taken by officers appointed by both parties, and the amount receipted or' by me, to be accounted for by the American government. The property of Spanish subjects shall be respected' their religion and laws guaranteed to them; the civil Government permitted to remain as now established, subject'to the control of the military authority ofl' the United States; the ingress and egress open to all individuals; commerce free to thlie subjects of Spain as usual; and the military furnished witi transportation to Cuba. If the peaceable surrender be refused, I shall enter Pensacola by violence, and assume the Government until the transaction can be amicably adjusted by (he two Governments. The military in this case must L!e treated as prisoners of war. The proof supporting the accusation against youth' official station will justify this procedure. In reply to your communication of the 22d instant, I have only to observe, that the clothing detained will be a subject lor' future friendly settlement. How far the Indians, permitted to remaining the neighborhood of Pensacola, were friendly disposed to the cili- zens of the United States, is tested by the late massacre committed by them on hile Alabama. The Red Ground chiels, MIuldecoxy and Holmes, avowedly hostile to the United States, were but lately seen in Pensacola, and a body of' Indians described a few days in the vicinity of the Barancas, in presence of' several §panish officers. By a reference to my communications of' the 251h of March, you will see how fr I have been the aggressors in the measure protested against. You are thera distinctly advise of the objects of my operations, and that every attempt on your part to succor the Indians, or prevent the passage of' my provisions in the Escambia, would beI viewed in no other light than as hostile acts on your part. You have done both, and exposed tmy troops to the severest privations, by the detention occasioned by thie exac- tion of duties on my provisions and vessels in Pensacola. You have therefore been the aggressor, and the blood which may be shed by a useless resistance on your part to my demand will rest on your head. Before God and man you will be responsible. TIlis will be handed to you by my aid-de-camp, Captain Gadsdlen,'by whom an answer is expected. ANDREW JACKSON, Major General Commaunding. Don JOSE MAsoT, Governor of Pensacola. ['rTRANSLA'rION.] FORTRESS OF ST. CHIARLES OF BARANCAS, IMay 24, 1818. MOST EXCELLENT SIR: I received, at ten o'clock this mining, thIe two communications of your excellence of the 23d and of this day. As I have, in mine of the 18th instant, satisfactorily answered all the charges your excellence alleges in the foIrmer. I shall only add, with respect to the Indians, that I notice your excellency is greatly misinformed, as the circum stances to which you refer are, for the most part, unlfounded-; in proor of which, I will state that the only two Indians I have found since the peace negotiated by me, and thile delivery of the eighty-seven to Major Young, are two who are in the prison, with three women and children. I ought to inform you that, long before the movements of your excellency, 1 had given orders at Appalachic that the Seminole Indians should not be succor'ed,and even had placards posted up in Pensacola for (lthe same purpose; passing over without notice only some unfortunate beings who, from time immemorial, had furnished the people with wood, as I have stated. Your excellency lays to my charge tihe blood which may be shed by my refusal to deliver up the province, as your excellency requests; which I shall never do, north can I, without covering myself with dishonor at the close of my life and of my long military career. I am firmly persuaded your excellency would, in my case, do the same, as you would not venture to stain thle honorable laurels with which you are adorned. No nation, whatever may be its motives, can violate the territory of another, especially when no demands have previously been made of its Govern- ment. Your excellency has violated the Spanish territory in Appalachie, by taking possession of that fort, and pull- ing down its flag, when you could have adopted more conciliatory measures, which would more and more have cemented and strengthened the good understanding subsisting between outr respective Governments. On the l21st of' the present month, by your excellenicy's order, Don Pedro Philibert and other inhabitants remained prisoners in their houses, on their parole of' honor. 'I o day, at eleven o'clock, before Captain Gadsden arrived at Pensacola, your excellency's army entei;ed, and made prisoners on parole D)on Pedro de Alba, the interpreter, (who translated your before named communications, and who is the bearer of these,) and, I believe, all the military, and, of course, broke up the seven posts puntso] stationed with the same number of-officers and two chief's foi' the main- tenance of' the tranquillity of the place. These facts being incontrovertible, I ask, who but your excellency will be responsible fori the blood that may be shed, as you declare, in your letter, that you are about to take possession oflPensacola and Barancas? I protest before God and man that my conduct is blameless, and that my ardent desires are, as they ever have been, to contribute to the peace and tranquillity of our respective nations; for, besides the sincerity of my intentions, I have in view the message of the President to the Congress of' the United States on the 25th of March last, and its tenor assured me that no aggressions were to be expected flomn the troops of' the said States. Such, however, this province has, unfortunately, suffered from the operations of your excellency in Appalachie anid Pensacola. I expect from the generosity of your excellency, first, that you will set the officers and troops which garrisoned Pensacola at liberty; and that, after supplying your army with provisions, you will shortly evacuate thIe territory of this province, and not carry on a partial war against West Florida at a time when our nations are in profound peace. 714 MILITARY AFFAIRS. [iot.

Lieutenant Colonel Don Lui Piemas, temporary commandant of Pensacola, is duly authorized to exercise mi functions, aid to receive the communications o'f your excellency, which he will faithtIfully remit to me, and to whi I will give the promptest answers, to be transmitted to you through tile bearer of this, the interpreter, Don Pedrorde Alba. Finally, if, contrary to my hopes, your excellency should persist in your intention to occupy this'fntres, which I am resolved to defend to the last extremity, I shall repel torce by force; and he who resists aggressions catrs never be considered an aggressor. God preserve your excellency many years. JOSE MASOT.MA$0T. His Excellency-.,, ANDREW. , JACKSON,, ~~~~~~~~~~~~~JOSE Mtjor General, commanding the army of the United States.

HEAD qUARTERS, DIVISION OF TIHE SOUTH, SiR: PENSACOLA, May 25, 1818. The accusations against you are founded onl the most unquestionable evidence. I have the certificates 'finldi. viduals who, on the 23d instant, at or near the little counted seventeen Indians in of several officers. bayou, company Spalish I have only'to repeat that the Barancas must be occupied by an American garrison, and again to tender youthe terms oft'.red, if' amicably surrendered. Resistance would be a wanton sacrifice of blood, for which you arid your garrison will have to atone. You cannot expect to defend yourself successfully, and the first shit from your frct' must draw down upon you thle vengeance of an irritated soldiery. I am well advised of your strength, and canti6t but remark on the inconsistency of presuming yourself capable of resisting anl army which has conquered the Indian tribes, too strong, agreeably to your owni acknowledgment, to be controlled by you. If tile force which you are niw disposed wantonly to sacrifice had been wielded against thle Seminoles, the American troops had never entered Floridas. the I applaud your feeling as a soldier in wishing to defend your post; but when resistance is ineffectual, and the opposing force overwhelming. the sacrifice of a few brave men is an act of wantonness, fior which the commaindiiltg oleicer must be accountable to his God. ANDREW JACKSON, Major General, commanding Division of the South. D~on JosK:DollMAso'r,JOSMA~SO', ComCommanding'nding Baranca~.1arancas. [TRANS,,ATION. ] MNosT' EXCELLENT SIR: [RANSATIN.] PENSACOLA, May 26, 1818. On the 2tth of the present month, Captain Aielung, of' the 1st United States' regiment, put into my hands your excellency's letter, d(ited at Washington, MNississippi Territory, on the 23d of April lazt(; In which, aferap. prising me thit your Go(itvetrnment had given it in charge to 'ou to ini'orm me that the Fort oft (lie _ , ~ Negroes, erected durn,,1 lg thIll ! late.at war wi-with GraGreat Britain, neatie 'hI,j t.a l ofit'ithe Chatahoocheeitrde and( Flint rivers, had been reianfirced, andwIas now occupied by 'nmore than two hundred and fifty negroes, anaty of whom were seduced from thie service of their masters, (\vho are citizens of the United States,) and that all of them are w1l armed, provisioned,and dis. ciplined, y(ou make many wise reflections with respect to the serious injuries which may result from tolerating such an establishment, not only to those in the immediate neighborhood of it, by destroyingg the peace of the nation, but likewise to the good understanding which happily exists between our respective Governments. You enter into anll investigation to show what t(lie Spanish atlthorlities ought to d(o to put an end to an evil of s) serious a nature, in a nmode prescribed by those principles oft good failli, which are the foundation of friendly neighborhood ainotg nations. You distinctly state what this Government ought immediately to (do; in failure of which, your Governmenit will be obliged to do it, to ensure the safety of the inhiiabitants of the United States; and you conclude by requesting ine to state, in my answer to your letter, whether the said fort had been constructed by the Spanish Governmient, ancld whether the neg:'oes who composed its g~arrisonI were deiemned subjects of His Catholic Mijesty; and, it the fort wvasnot built by Spanish authority, to state by what authority and by whose order it was built. Ira answer' to your excellency, I will'"'state (with the veracity which comports with the character of an honorable officer,ins"ailn..'bnwhich whrclass Iyorankp.''.ceinyself,) that, having arrived at the place nearly at the close of the month of Mlarch preceding, arid being informed o' what your excellency has communicated to me, (with this difference, that the furl, instead of being where you placed it, is to be tiund on the eastea bank ' the Appalachicola, at about fifteen miles from its mouth (Si entrance into lie sea,) I lost no time in proposing to my Captain General the measure which apl-. peasred to tile pr(pellc, yiswell fort securing the inhabitiants of' the country under my corimand from the (olaage, loss, andt iitnies ich they have suffered, a)td still suffer, from this establishmeneat, as to prevent the Americant citizens and thie friendly Indians of the neighborhood f'romin continuing to experience them. I have hitherto received no answer'; and, consequently, your excellence (who knows how limited are the powers of' a subordinate officer) caln- not )e supise the I shuld iake known to you that, although mny mode of' thinking exactly correispnds,with yours as to the dislodgig of the negres fro lie fort, the occupying it with Spanish troops, oar destroying it, and delivering thie negroes whoa may be collected to their lawful owners, I shall not be able to actuntil I receive the orders cit amy Captain General, and the assistance necessary to enable me to undertake the enterprise with a moral certainty ol accomplishing the end. I lmin persuaded that the determination of he said chief cannot be long delayed, and, should it authorize rue toa act. your excellency may rest assured and persuaded that I will not lose ai instant in adopting, oan any part, the most efficacious measures for cutting up by the root an evil which is felt to the full extent stated iII your letter by the inhabitants of this province, who are subjects of my sovereign, and whose prosperity and tranquillity it is my duty to preserve and protect. NVi hI this explanation, your beforenamed letter may be considered fully answered, as it gives you to understand that, thinking as your excellency thinks with respect to the necessity of d(lestroying the negroes the fort of Appala- chicola, occupied by them, was not constructed by order of the Spanish Government; and that the negroes, although in part belonging to inhabitants of this province, and, as rational beings, may be subjects of the King my master, are deemed by mte insurgents cm' rebels against the authority not only of lHis Catholic Majesty, but also of the proprie- tors fro'mn whose service they have withdrawn themselves; some seduced by the English Colonel Edward Nicholls, Major WVoodlbine, and their agents; and others from their inclination to run oft. Btut as your excellency manifests a particular desire that, in case thle fort was not erected by Spanish authority, I should state by whose order it was erected, 1 have no difficulty in satisfying your curiosity, by informing you that I have understood, ever since any arrival at this place, that the said fort, ald another near the confluence of the Clhatahoochee and Flint rivers, (which, it appears, fia longer exists,) were built y the orders tof the beforenamed Colonel Nicholls. I will not assure you he did it under' authority froni his Government; but I can say hlie proceeded to place artillery, munitions, and provisions in it, by the arrangement tof Vice Admiral Malcolmn; and that when Colonel Nicholls and the troops of his detach- maent, after thIe coaclusioni of the expedition against Louisiana, withdrew frotmin that point, he left orders with the negroes totally contrary to the incontestable right ct sovereignty which the King my master exercises from the line of the thirty-frst degree of north latitude to the south. My predecessors in the Government have given an account of all these actions to theaauthoaities on whom they depended, that the satisfaction which the violation required might be demanded by those on whom this duty devolves. I think I have answered your excellentcyls letter satisfactorily, and in terms which cannot leave a doubt of the sincerity of toy intentions in favor of the coimmont cause of the American and Spanish inhabitants, and that my present inaction dI es not proceed from a want of inclination. .. I likewise flatter myself that, until my Captain General decides, no steps will be taken by the Government of the IJnited States, or by your excellency, which may be prejudicial to the sovereignty of the King my master in the dis- Al In A,'wnM I O1 QEIF-a T;.MTTniT TN'nTANS Re. '71 P, 181&] unr, A1,a L.uoVJIA;LAI.E 0 ,VAAI. .LJJ ,, ....A jLI1 tict of Appalachicola, which is a dependency of this Government. And, finally, I conclude by assuring your ex-, cellency that it will afford tme particular satisfaction to lave opportunities of eviicing my desire not only to contribute,so far as depends on me, to the cementing of the good understanding which subsists between our respective ;overnilents, but also to prove to your excellency the high opinion I entertain of your virtues and military talents. God preserve your excellency many years. MAURICIO DE ZUNIGA. His Excellency A. JACKSON. FORT GADSDEN, AMay 2, 1818. We beg leave to submit to you the following statement of facts: On the 13th December, 1817, we were violently tornifrom our settlements on the Appalachicola river by a number of Indianls headed by Cihenubby, a chief frSothaFowltown tribe, carried to Mickasuky, and deliverelivereto jl , King ol the Mickasukians. Kenha- jah carried us to the negro towns on Suwaney, and thence to the Spanish tort St. Marks, to the commandant of which he delivered us as prisoners captured under the orders ofta Mr. Arbuthnot, reported to us as a British agent. At St. Marks we were treated as prisoners, anid ,ot permillt ed to wander beyond the walls of the garrison. Whilst at that port the ingress and egress of the Indians, hostile to the United States, was unrestrained, and several councils were held, at one ol' which Kenhajah, King o Illhe Alicka.sukitans. Francis or Hillis lHago, Hlamath- lemneco the chief of Autesses, and the clief of the Koletmies, all ol the old lRed Stick party; and Jack Mealy;,,chief was that the chiefs, and that were entering St. of the Oche.was, wele present. When it reported warriors ol f'ort Marks for the purpose of holding a council, Hamibly represented to the commandant the impropriety permitting such proceedings within the walls of a Spanish fortress, lthe officer of which was)bound to preserve and enforce the existing etweemn the King of' Spain and the Uniited States; replil. to with some degree of treaties to it. On the Indiansh.e coming intoH.ambly F.rt, at ilheir request, warmth, observing that it was not in his power prevent tile but we were confined. 'he council was held in the commandant's quarters, he, the commandant, wats present, strictly forbade the intrusion of'any oft'the officers of' the garrison. The Indians were in the habit of driving to Fort St. Marks, and (disposing of cattle to the commandant and other Spanish officers. While at that port three or lfur droves werebrought in acknowledged by the Intlians to have beep stolen from tihe citizens of the United States, antd purchased by thie Spanish officers. We were present at most of these contracts, and Hambly often referred to as an interpreter between the pur- chaserand seller. a Fowltown Indian, once applied to HIambly to mention to the commandant that lie was about Chenubby, and wished to know whether he would purchase the visiting the frontiers of' Georgia on a plundering expedition, eleven cattle brought in. A'contract was entered into, and Chenubby, some time after, brought it and dispDsed of head ifcattle to the Spanish commandant oflFort St. Marks. These same cattle were those purchased by you from thecommandant as his private property. WM. HAMILY. EDM'1) DOYLE. FOIRT GADSDEN, (lMay 3, 1818.

In conversation with the commandant at Fort St. Marks, on the subject of having that work occupied by an American garrison, I had occasion to notice the aid and comfort that the hostile party ol' Indians had received as reportedlfrom himn; that they had free access within the walls of his fort, and that it was well known no small supplies olammunition had been received from that quarter. Int reply he stated that his conduct hadl been governed by policy, the defenceless state of his work, and the weakness of his garrison compelled him to conciliate the friendship of the Ind(ians. to supply their wants, to grant what he had tnot the power to deny, and to throw open, with apparent willingness, the gates of' his fortress, lest they should be forced by violence. been threatened Indians and negroes, and that his security upon exhibiting 'liat he had repeatedly by dependedman an external friendship. After Fort St. Marks waits occupied by the American troops a black adln Spanish soldier was reported to me as having been arrested clad in the American uniform, recognis(ed as part of the clothing of the fourlh and seventh regiments, captured in the boat commanded by Lieutenant Scott, in ascending the Appa- lachicolaIn explanationriver. the Spanish commandant observed, that his soldiers and the Seminole Indians were in the habit of trading with each other, a;nd that this negro, with others of his garrison, had received his permission to purchase some to have been brought in the Indians. clothing reported by &c. Respectfully, JAMES GADSDEN, did-de-camp. Major General A. JACKSON, Commanding Southern Division U. S. Army.

one a miles from I certify that, on the 23d of May, being in the Bayou which enters Pensacola Bay, and half on the road to a number of Indians, I think about seventeen, in company the town, I saw at the ferry, Barancas, I saw with four Spanish officers. The officers were carried over, and the boat returned to lerry over the inlians. one boat-load landed on the side next the Barancas. The Indians concealed themselves in the bushes on discovering us. RICHARD BRICKHAM. Witness: T. CROSS, Lieutenant of Infantry. in the above certificate; that I I certify that I was in the boat with Brickham at the place and time mentioned did sw several Indians in company with four Spanish officers. The officers were ferried over with one Indian. I see ferried concealed themselves on discovering us.- not the Indians over; they JOHN BONNER, his x mark. Witness: T. CRoss, Lieutenant of Infantry. Witness to both certificates: WM. S. FULToN, Private Secretary to Commanding General. in the afternoon, soon after the We certify that, being in Fort St. Charles, Barancas on the 28th of May, 1818, Indian American troops took possession of' the work, and as the Spani.h troops were marching out, we saw an was on the back to be on board -a boat; he was wounded carried out by some of the Spanish soldiers; he laid put tfort. in the leg or thigh, and had every appearance of having been engaged in the defence of the W M. RUSSELL, Cnapain qf Spie.s. JAS. L. BELL, Captain qf 1st Reg. T. V. M. G. M. Witness: WM. S. FULTON, Private Secretary to Commanding General. the do certify that, at the capture of Fort St. Marks, East Florida, by Major General We, undersigned, hereby on account of the States, and Aldrew Jackson, on the 7th April, 1818, there were some cattle purchased Umited them at tamed over to us, which we are of an opinion had been driven from the frontiers of Georgia, (a part of 716 MILITARY AFFAIRS. [1818.

least) and we were strengthened in our opinion by a number of officers and men from Georgia offering to swear to i number of them as the property of their neighbors and friends. Given under our hands, at Fort Gadsden, this 3d of May, 1818. JACOB R. BROOKS, A/ct. Gont. gent, U. S. rmny. PETIER CONE, assistantt Commissary. We, the undersigned officers and-men of' the Georgia militia, in the service of' the United States, do hereby certify that we were at Fort St. Marks, East Florida, at the timeol its capture by .MajorG(eneral A. Jackson, on the 7(h April. 1818, and saw some cattle that were purchased on,account of the United States, frm the Spanish authorities, %hich Ne were ready to swear to as Ihe properly of our friends and neighbors in Georgia. Given under our hands, at Fort Gadsden, this 3d of' May, 1818, ANDREW F. FRAZER. Captain. DANIEL V. SULLIVAN, G. Al. ,S. S)i: FORT GADSDEN, May 3,1818, After the occupancy of Fort St. Marks with American troops, on the 7th of April last, it became my duty to take( charge of some goods found in one of the public stores. These goods were pointed out by the Spanish commandant, who, through Mr. Hambly as interpreter, separated several of (he articles claimed as Ihis own private property, and designated others as the property of Francis or Ilajo, and Arbuthnot, a British agent or trader: an inventory of' these were taken, and deposited with the American!illis officer left in command at Fort St. Marks. With respect, &c. D). E. TWIGGS, Brevet Maqjor 7lh Infantry. I certify that I ac ed as interpreter in the transaction above alluded to, and two separate parcels of goods were designated the commandant of' St. Marks as belonging to Hillis Ilajo and Arbuthnot. by Spanish WM. HIAMBLY. FORT MONT'J'OOMERY, ,June 2,1818. I certify that between the 5th and 17th of' May, I18i, whilst at Fort Gadsden on the Appalachicola river, I was inlformnId by a Mr. Larua and Benneto Gascsea, both citizens of', and at that time direct from, Pensacola, thatatthe time of their departure thence, there were live hundred Indians in and about Pensacola; and 1 further certify that, on my arrival atit Pensacola on the 123d of May, I was informed by MNI r. Skeets, iand other citizens ot that place, that, on the 2Sod, which was the (lay before my arrival, flilnes, a noted RItedstick, with his .party, had left Pensacola to proceed to the Choctawhatchy for safety, having been for several days previous in town. All which I certify on honor'. WM. HAMBIL, Witness: Win. S. FULTON, Private Secretary of the Command(ing General. I do hereby certify that, during miy long residence on (he river Appalachicola, my knowledge of the Indian lan- guage,, and my intimate acquaintance with hlietlitifrent chiefs, gave me many opportunities of' knowing, through them, the advices given them from time to time by the Governors of Vest Florida, hostile to thle United States. In the year 1812 or 1813, I saw a letter 'from the i'overnor of Pensacola to the late chief of (lthe Seminoles, Thomas Perry- man, advising him to collect his fom'ces and join his upper town brethren, whom hlie said had come to a determinationn to rise in arms and shake oil'the American yoke; lie would supply them in arms and ammunition, and lie said he was sure that in less tlhn a month their fathers and protectors, the Spaniards, would have a sufficient army in lithe field to aid and protect them. Not long after I saw this letter, a large party of Indians went down to Pensacola, where they received a large simply (of ammunition and sonie arms; it'was but shortly after this, when they attacked andldestroyed the garrisoni of Fort Minis; this was thie conmmencemnent of the first Indian war; on the 13th of' Deceim- her last, when on lily plantation on thile Appalachicohla, I wais inatle a prisoner orby a party of Seminole Indians, and was taken up to the Oclh'see itln' in company with Mr. Doyle, who was minade a prisoner of with me. They kept us there three days, during which time they were busily engaged with some transports, which were then ascendin tihe river to Fort Scott; fri'on thence they took us to the Mickasukey, where the Indians informed mie that they Ia been told by the commandant of St. Marks that war was declared between Spain and the United States. FromIthis place we were carried to the Suwaiey, when Kenhagee, principal chief of the Senminoles, told me that we had been taken and robbed by order of Arbuthnot, and brought there to be tried by him. Shortly after we reached this,, Ar- buthniot arrived from Providence, when we were tried and sentenced by said Arbuthnot to be tortured. This sen- tence was not put in execution by the friendly interference of Mr' Cook, clerk to Arbuthnot, and the negro chief Nero. We were then conducted back to the MNickasutikey, then Kenhagee went down to the Fort of St. Marks to consult the commandant it'he would take us as prisoners. to keep at his order. 'They held a council among the neighboring chief, and on the fifth d(lay lie returned anid ordered us to be conducted down next morning. We arrived at St. Marks on the 1'2th (iof February at night. The Spanish otlicers received us kindly, but the conimiandant did not t'orget to remind us that we were still prisoner', and marked out that night the limits of our prison they rigidly kept during the time of our stay. Next morning the tirst thing that presented itself to myy view; was my sad- dle horse, which had been taken from ite by the Indianis; hie was in the possession of' the commissary I mentioned it to the commandant, but hlie said that he bought him of an Indians and ihe could do nothing in it. A flw daysaler, in the course ofl conversation, I mentioned it (II the SpanIish Doctor; lie assured mie that two-thirds ot' the property taken 'from us by the Indians had been bought by the cormiissary and others in tile fort; the plundered property taken front Georgia, was every day luckily bought by the commandant and others; I knew one instance of an Indian mak- inIg an engagement with the commandant Ior cattle, that lie was then going to plunder, and in fourteen or fifteen days brought them in and sold them. OIn our tirst arrival at St. Marks we had, by help of a friiendly Indian, con- veyed intelligence to our frIiends in Pensacola of our situation, and they sent us on a small vessel to efttect our' escape. At her arrival, the commandant said to us that he had no objection to our getting out of' the power of the Indians, but a we should never return to that noriot hold communica- that he'shomuld first demand written obligation that country, St. tion directlyy or indirectly with lse U nited States Goverment, or any of her officers; this being settled, we left Marks in the night of the 28th March, and joined Captain McKeever in his gunboats in the bay of Appalachicola; on the 30th returned with him to St. Marks, where wejoined General Jackson on the 6th of April. Given under hand this 24th of' my July. WM.WM IIAMBiLY.IAMBLY. PRoviNcE ov WVEsT FLORIDA, T'owN oF PENSACOLA, September 18, 1818. In pursuance with an order to inme directed by Colonel Williiam King, civil and military Governor of said province, whereof is hereto I caused to appear before me, at the quarters of Captain Hugh Young. (if the (a copy annexed,) Dr. Briosiahamr, William army of the United States, in this town, the following persons, viz: Manuel Gonzales, und Cooper, J. D)auphin, -- Skeate, Felippa Prieto, Joachim Barrelas, P. Alba, Jun. Jose Bonef!, (Marian) Charles Leseau, to answer,,~~~~on oath, such interrogatories,~ not tending to criminateI'tro~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ themselves,rio ,eenIseto ve'(iteaeteas mIightt be pproPoundediiopund~edl to them by Captuin Young, relating to the intercourse which took place between the late Spanish authorities o ts war States. . province, andi the hostile Indians, during thi-. recent with thie United . Joaclhim Barrelas, being duly sworn, declares, that he has frequently seen parties of' Indians in the t6wnof' Pe- sacila since the'month of November, 1817; says that parties of Indians have been provisioned by the late authorities at this place, on several occasions; has frequently heard, and believed that the Indians were in the habit of bringing into this place, horses, cattle, &c. tor the purpose of selling them and other plunder; says he was at BIarancas At 1818.] DEFEAT OF THE SEMINOLE INDIANS, &c. 717

the time that General Jackson came to Pensacola, in May last; deponent acted there as commissary, antd knows that several Indians went from town down to Barancas, with the Spanish forces, and took refuge in the fort; that at the same time several small parties were encamped about the Barancas; that, upon the arrival otf General Jackson before the .Barancas, Tapaulca and family were also in the fort; deponent has seen said chief several times in Pensacola, and believes him to be either a Creek or Seminole Indian; that while deponent was at Barancas and subsequently to the said month of November, 1817, he saw an Indian named Lunra, an express from St. Marks, cross over from Santa Rosa Island, to Barancas, with despatches for the Governor here; says that since the said month of Novem- ber, 1817, Governor Masot, being himself at Barancas, did order this deponent to give rations to several parties of then there, of at least from thirty to furty strong, men, women and children. Indians JOACHIM BARRELAS. George Skeate, being duly sworn, declares, that lie has constantly presided in the town of Pensacola since Novem- ber, 1817, since which, he has repeatedly seen at different times in said town, from thirty to forty Indians; has not seen any aniunitiont give to the Indians within the period above alluded to; has heard, and believes, that horses, cattle, &c. were brought into this place by the'IAndians and soldli which deponent, however, did not see. Deponent believes that the late Governor M asot was well acquaittted with thet several murders that were committed on the neighboring American frontier; knows of no supplies furnished by order of the Spanish Goverlnment, since about the mdnth orf March, 1817, when a supply of knives, a few blankets, and some copper kettles, were furnished and delivered to a party of Indlians, for the purpose, as was then said, ofactingagainst the insurgents who were expected; that the said party of Indians shortly alter disappeared, an(l nothing more was heard of then. Deponent saw, on the day that Major Young attacked a party of Indians in the neighborhood of' this town, a number of Indians whom he believes were sent, (or went themselves,) across the bay in a boat belonging to Don Antonio XModina, Captain of the port. GEORGE SKEATE. Mr. Charles Le Jeune, being duly sworn, declares, that he has resided in Pensacola since November, 1917, since which lie has frequently seen ill this town, or its vicinity, parties of upwards of' a hundred Indians encamped; that these palfi!es were armed with rilles, or with the arms that were furnished them by the English; that although he cannot stale that those parties had received ammunition from the Spanish (Government here, he nevertheless ca, an(l does state that the said parties were provisionedfrom the King's stores, by Prieto, King's storekeeper; that previous to No- vember, 1817, the Government was regularly in the habit of giving out ammunition to the In(dials, from it store which was expressly for that purpose here; that on the day that Major Young attacked the Indians near this town, there was a considerable number encamped near the water side in town, who, upon hearing the. report of the fire-arms, crossed the bay in their own boats, and( in other larger boats belonging to others. CHARLES LE JEUNE. William Cooper, being duly sworn, declares, that he has resided in Pensacola since November, 1817, during which peri(dl lie has frequently seen in town and its vicinity, several parties of Indians-saw one in particular witfh some sheet lead, and has heard that tile Indlians had introduced some clothes into town that looked like American manu- facture; states, also, that Tapaulca was Red Slick chief, and had been frequently about Pensacola, for several years WILLIAM COOPER. PENSACOLA, September 19, 1818. I that the foregoing were sworn to and subscribed before me on this day. certify depositions 1. McKENSEY, SEN. Justice of the Peace in and fortown of Pensacola, West Florida. JOHN DUFFY, being duly sworn, declares as follows: Question. Have you resided in and about Pensacola since November, 1817? Answer. I have. Question. lHave you seen ill said town, or its vicinity, within or since that period, any Indians? Answer. I have, Question. Iow many did you see at any particular time? Answer. About the latter end of last spring I saw in town from fifty to sixty Indians, but few of them were armed(; because they were prohibited from colning into town armed. 1 suppose their arms were left in their camps in the neighborhood. Question. lHow did these Indians subsist themselves, and how did they procure ammunition? Answer. Probably from Government here; of this, however, I am not certain. Question. 1)id you see any horses, cattle, or other plunder, brought into this place by the Indians? Answer. No. Question. Hlow many Indians were in Pensacola, and its neighborhood, at the time that .Major Young attacked a party near this town?? Answer. Of all descriptions, viz: men, women, and children, there must have been a considerable number; not less probably than one hundred and fifty or sixty. Question. When Major Young attacked the party near town, how did those in town find means to escape across the bay? Answer. I have understood, and believe that they were set across by order of the Governor. SANTIAGO PAUPHIN. A true copy: R. II. CALL, /. L. C. JOSEPf BONEFI, being duly sworn, declares as follows, viz: Question. Have you lived in Pensacola since November, 1817? Answer. I have. Question. Have you not between that period and the approach of the American forces, under Major General Jackson, repeatedly seen divers parties of hostile Indians in this town or its neighborhood? Answer. I have. Indeed, between the said month of November and the time that the hostile party surrendered to Majoi Young, there were more or less in town; sometimes in numbers considerable, sometimes fewer. Question. How, or by whom, were those Indians subsisted, andfrom whom, or by what means, did they procure ammunition and other warlike stores or weapons? Answer. I have understood, and do believe, that they were fed by the Government here; as to ammunition, &c. I cannot state how they procured supplies, except it might have been from the stores about town. Question. Have you seen or been informed of any horses, cattle, or other plunder, having been brought in here by the Indians within the time above alluded to? Answer. No. JOSEPH BONEFI. PENSACOLA. Both depositions sworn to and subscribed before me, September 19, 1818. M. McKENSEY, SEN. Justice qf the Peace in and for Pensacolu, West Florida. A true copy: R. H. CALL, M,.L, C. 91 m Table: Field Report of the operating Army under the immediate command of Major General Andrew Jackson, at Pensacola, May 24, 1818.

Field Report of the operating Armny under the immediate command of Major General Andrew Jackson, at Pensacola, May 24, 1818. -1 aj ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

PRESENT, FIT FOR DUTY.

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) i 2 - 782 979 1 2 1 1 2 1 3| 4 1 22 63 5 4 78 78 21 I 1,092 ······· -I------.- ___ _.______- of the 8th at Pensacola, and marched with the army, not included in the above report. The companies of Life Guards, with a detachment of Lieutenants Ripley and Cross, department, joined an ot nine Tennessee volunteers, in all one hundred mnen, formed a guard for the protection of Pensacola. The sick of the different corps, amounting to thirty-six men, were detached, leaving aggregate hundred and fifty-six to operate against the fortress of Barancas. ROBERT BUTLER, utant Genral. ROBERT BUTLER, 3'djutant General.

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18. The Catholic religion shall be maintained, with its ministers, and free exercise. [A free tolerati(mn to all religions guaranltied.] 191h. This capitulation is inma(le under the confidence that the general of the American troops will comply with his offer of' returning integral this province, in the state in which he receives it, as explained in his 1818.3 DEFEAT OF THE SEMINOLE INDIANS, &c. 721 client to enforce existing treaties. Spanish subjects will be respected Spanish laws will govern in all cases aflecting property an(d person; a free toleration to all religions guaranteed, anl trade alike to ill nations. Colonel King will assume the command of Pensacola, as military and civil Governor. The Spanish laws, so fat as they affect personal rights and property, will be enforced. Colonel King will take possession of the archives of the province, and appoint some confidential individual to preserve them. It is all important that the record of titles and property should be carefully secured. He will cause an inquiry to be made into all the landed property belonging to the King of Spain, and hold )possession of it. Thle claims to proIperty, within the range ofgunslio of Fort St. Charles de Barancas, will be scrupulously examined into; and, should this prove valid, a rent allowed, but possession in nowise given. This property is necessary for thle United States, and under its laws may be held, and an equivalent paid. The revenue laws o.l the United States will be established, and Captain Gadsden appointed to act as collector; with full power to nominate such sub-oflicers as, in his opinion, will be necessary to the faithful discharge of the trust reposed in him. lie will apply to the Governor of Pensacola for military aid in all cases where it may be necessary to correct attempts at an illicit trade. ANDR 'W JACKSON, Major General, commanding the Division of the South.

Minutes of the proceedings of a special court, organized agreeably to thefollowing order, viz: HEAD-QUAITERS, DIVISION OF THE SOUTH, ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE, FOiwr ST. MARKS, .3pril 26, 1818. GENERAL ORDER. The following detail will compose a special court, to convene at this post, at the hour of' twelve o'clock M. for the purpose of investigating the charges exhibited against A. Arbuthnot, Robert Christy Ambrister, and such others vhlo are similarly situated, as may be brought before it: The court will record all the documents and testimony in the several cases; and their opinion as to the guilt ot innocence of the prisoners; and what punishment, if any,t should be inflicted. DETAIL. Major General E. P. GAINES, President. Members. Colonel King, 4th infantry, Colonel Dyer, Tennessee volunteers Colonel Williams, T'ennessee volunteers, Lieutenant Colonel Lindsay, corps of artillery, Lieutenant Col. Gibson, Tennessee volunteers, Lieut. Col. Elliott, Tennessee volunteers, Major Muhlenburg, 4th inlitntry, Major Fanning, corps of artillery, Major Montgomery, 7th infantry, Major Minton, Georgia militia, Captain Vaslion, 7th infitntry, Captain Cuttenden, Kentucky volunteers. Lieutenant J. M. Glassell, 4th infantry, Recorder. An orderly will be detailed from General Gaines's brigade; and the court will sit without regard to hours. By order of M AJOR GEN:ERAL JACKSON: ROBERT BUTLER,.qat'utant General. FoRT ST. MARKS, ./pril 26, 1818. The court convened pursuant to the foregoing order; when, being duly sworn in the presence of the prisoner, and lie being asked if lie had any objection to any member thereof, and replying in the negative, the following charges and specifications were read, viz: Charges vs. A. Arbuthnot. now in custody, and who says he is a British subject. CHARGEI 1st. Exciting and stirring up the Creek Indians to war against the United States and her citizens; lie, A. Arbuthnot, being a subject of Great Britain, with whom the United( States are at peace. .Specification. That the said A. Arbuthnot, between the months of May and July, or some time in June, 1817, wrote a letter to the Little Prince, exhorting and advising himn not to comply with the treaty of Fort Jackson, stating that the citizens of the United States were infringing on the treaty of Ghent, as he believed, without the knowledge of the Chief Magistrate of the United States; and advising the Upper and the Lower Creeks to unite and be friendly; stating that William Hambly was the cause of their disputes; also advising tile Little Prince to write to the Governor of New Providence, who would write to His Rlyal Highness the Prince lRegent, through whom the United States would be called to a compliance with thee reaty of' Gent; and advising them not to give up their lands under the treaty of Fort Jackson, for that the American citizens woul(l be compelled to give up to them all their lands under the treaty of Ghent. CHARGE 2d. Acting as a spy, and aiding, abetting, and comforting the enemy, supplying them with the means of war. pecification a1t. In writing a letter from St. Marks fort, dated the 2d of April, 1818, to his son John, at SuwaIny, (marked A,) detailing the advance oft'the army under General Jackson, slating their force, probable movements and intentions, to be communicated to Bowleggs, the chief of the Suwany towns, for his Government. Specification 2d. In writing the letters, marked B (without (late) ann( C, with enclosures January 27, 1818; and D, called " a Note of Indian Talks;" and E, without date, applying to the British Government, through Governor Cameron, fIor munitions of war, and assistance foi' our enemies, making false representations; and, also. applying to Mr. Bagot, British ambassador, for his interference, with a statement, on the back of one of the letters, of munitions of war tor the enemy. CHARGE 3d. Exciting the Indians to murder and destroy William Hambly and Edmund Doyle, antl causing their arrest, with a view to their condemnation to death; and the seizure of their property, on account of their active and zealous exertions to maintain peace between Spain and the United States and the Indians, they being citizens of the Spanish Government. Specification 1l.. In writing the letters, marked F, dated 26th August, 1817; G, dated 13th May, 1817; and I1, threatening them with death; alleging against them talse anid infamous charges, and using every means in his power to procure their arrest; all which writings and sayings excited, and had a tendency to excite, the negroes and Indi- ans to acts of hostility with the United States. By order of the court: J. M. GLASSELL, Recorder. To which charges and specifications the prisoner pleaded not gulltly. The prisoner having made application for counsel, it was granted him; when the court proceeded to the examination of the evidence. JOHN WINSLEz'T, a witness on the part ofthe prosecution, beingduly sworn, stated that, some timebefore last July, the Little Prince received a letter, signed by Mr. Arbuthnot, advising the upper part of the nation to unite with the