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Appendix C Trail Use Conflict Study Appendix C Trail Use Conflict Study June 2012 This page intentionally left blank. DRAFT Trail Use Conflict Study California State Parks Road and Trail Change‐in‐Use Evaluation Process June 2012 Prepared by Alta Planning + Design Randy Anderson, Principal in Charge, Project Manager Hannah Kapell, Assistant Project Manager Matt Berkow, Planner Robin Wilcox, Planner Catherine Sherraden, Project Assistant Prepared for Ascent Environmental, Inc. and California State Parks This page intentionally left blank. Table of Contents Preface ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 1-1 Chapter 1. Introduction and Summary ............................................................................................................................... 1-2 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 1-2 1.2 Summary of Research Findings ......................................................................................................... 1-6 1.3 Summary of Recommendations ....................................................................................................... 1-10 Chapter 2. Recommendations for Addressing Trail Use Conflict .......................................................................... 2-1 2.1 Summary of Evaluation Process ......................................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Incorporating the Recommendations ............................................................................................. 2-3 2.3 Background for Recommendations ................................................................................................. 2-4 2.4 California State Parks Trail Design Guidelines ............................................................................ 2-5 2.5 User-Specific Design Considerations .............................................................................................. 2-6 2.6 Checklist for Low-Conflict, Multi-Use Trail Design .................................................................. 2-8 2.7 Measures for Trail Use Conflict Management ............................................................................ 2-21 Chapter 3. Research Results ............................................................................................................................................. 3-1 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 3-1 3.2 The Nature of Trail Use Conflict ....................................................................................................... 3-1 3.3 Primary Types of Conflict .................................................................................................................. 3-3 3.4 User-Appropriate Trail Design Strategies ..................................................................................... 3-3 3.5 Trail Use Conflict Solutions .............................................................................................................. 3-8 Chapter 4. Bibliography ...................................................................................................................................................... 4-1 Appendix A. Recommendations Incorporation in Process Documents ........................................................................ 1 Appendix B. Literature Review ............................................................................................................................................ B-1 Appendix C. Agency Survey ................................................................................................................................................. C-1 Appendix D. User Group Comments ................................................................................................................................. D-1 Appendix E. Annotated Bibliography ................................................................................................................................ E-1 Appendix F. Agency Surveys Returned ............................................................................................................................. F-1 Appendix G. Excerpts – CSP Trail Handbook and Draft Trail Design Guidelines .............................................. G-1 California State Parks | i Table of Contents List of Figures Figure 2-1. Road and Trail Change-in-Use Evaluation Process Diagram .................................................... 2-2 Figure 2-2. Caltrans Highway Design Manual Figure 1003.D – Stopping Sight Distance – Descending Grade (for paved multi-use paths) .......................................................................... 2-13 Figure 2-3. CSP Speed Control Measure Concepts ......................................................................................... 2-17 Figure 3-1. Summary of Design Solutions from the Literature Review and Agency Survey ................... 3-5 Figure 3-2. Summary of Management Solutions from the Literature Review and Agency Survey ...... 3-9 Figure 3-3. Summary of Outreach and Coordination Solutions from the Literature Review and Agency Survey ...................................................................................................................................... 3-13 Figure B-1. Common Design Solutions cited in the 80 Literature Sources Reviewed ............................. B-6 Figure B-2. Common Management Solutions from the 80 Literature Sources Reviewed ..................... B-11 Figure B-3. Common Outreach and Coordination Solutions from the 80 Literature Sources Reviewed ............................................................................................................................................... B-16 Figure C-1. Factors Contributing to User Conflicts from 34 Agencies Surveyed .................................... C-7 Figure C-2. Design Technique Results from 36 Agencies Surveyed ............................................................ C-9 Figure C-3. Management Technique Results from 36 Agencies Surveyed ...............................................C-12 Figure C-4. Outreach Technique Results from 36 Agencies Surveyed ..................................................... C-14 ii| Trail Use Conflict Study Table of Contents List of Tables Table 1-1. Study Notice Placement .......................................................................................................................... 1-5 Table B-1. Summary of Width, Bench/Clear Area, and Passing Area Recommendations ...................... B-8 Table B-2. Agency Definition of Narrow Multi-Use Trails ........................................................................... B-39 Table B-3. Findings –Summary of Managers’ Survey Findings, Narrow Natural Surface Trails: Managing Multiple Users (EBRPD, 2011) .......................................................................................... B-40 Table B-4. Matrix of Variables Tested, Hendricks et. al., 2001 ................................................................... B-42 Table B-5. Summary of Key Literature Review Resources ............................................................................ B-51 Table C-1. Agencies Surveyed ................................................................................................................................ C-2 Table C-2. Incident and Complaint Data Frequency and Data Availability ............................................. C-5 Table C-3. Matrix of Agency Survey Responses to Trail User Conflict Solutions ................................. C-17 Table D-1. Solicitation Notice Outreach ............................................................................................................. D-6 Table D-2. Agencies Recommended by User Groups and Individuals ...................................................... D-11 Table D-3. Literature Recommended by User Groups and Individuals .................................................... D-12 Table E-1. Summary of Sources Included in Literature Review ..................................................................... E-3 Table E-2. Documents Reviewed Not Pertaining to Trail User Conflicts ................................................ E-31 Table E-3. Documents Not Found ...................................................................................................................... E-45 Table E-4. Agency Definition of Narrow Multi-Use Trails .......................................................................... E-73 Table E-5. Findings –Summary of Managers’ Survey Findings, Narrow Natural Surface Trails: Managing Multiple Users (EBRPD, 2011) ........................................................................................... E-73 Table E-6. Trail Designations, Trail Use Guidelines and Mitigation Measures (Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District, 1993) .............................................................................................................. E-74 Table E-7. Matrix of Variables Tested, Hendricks et. al., 2001 .................................................................... E-83 Table E-8. Reported Trends in Mountain Bike Management in Ohio State Parks and State Park Districts (Longsdorf,
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