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Well-Being Matters: a Social Report for Ireland Ireland for Report Social a Matters: Well-Being

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Well-Being Matters: a Social Report for Ireland Ireland for Report Social a Matters: Well-Being National Economic and Social Council Well-being Matters: A Social Report for Ireland Well-being Matters: Volume I A Social Report for Ireland Volume I no. 119 october 2009 National Economic and Social Council Description of Terms of Reference and Structure of the Council* 1. The functions of the National Economic and Social Council are to analyse and report to the Taoiseach on strategic issues relating to the efficient development of the economy, the achievement of social justice, and the development of a strategic framework for the conduct of relations and the negotiation of agreements between the Government and the social partners. 2. The Council can consider these matters either on its own initiative or at the request of the Government. 3. The reports of the Council are submitted to the Government, and laid before each House of the Oireachtas prior to publishing. 4. The membership of the Council comprises a chairperson and a deputy chairperson, appointed by the Taoiseach and; p Five persons nominated by agricultural and farming organisations; p Five persons nominated by business and employers’ organisations; p Five persons nominated by the Irish Congress of Trade Unions; p Five persons nominated by community and voluntary organisations; p Five public servants, of whom at least one represents the Taoiseach, and one the Minister for Finance; p Five persons possessing knowledge, experience and skills which the Taoiseach considers relevant to the functions of the Council; and p One person nominated by Environmental Pillar. 5. Other Government Departments are granted the right of audience at Council meetings if warranted by the Council‘s agenda, subject to the right of the Chairperson to regulate the numbers attending. 6. The term of office of members is for three years. Casual vacancies are filled by the Government or by the nominating body as appropriate. 7. The Council regulates its own procedures and business. * Derived from the National Economic and Social Development Office Act 2006, available at www.nesdo.ie. Well-being Matters A Social Report for Ireland Volume I Published by the National Economic and Social Council Copies of this Report may be obtained from The National Economic and Social Council, 16 Parnell Square, Dublin 1 or the Government Publications Sales Office, Sun Alliance House, Molesworth Street, Dublin 2 Price: c15.00 Students: c10.00 Pn. A9/1048 ISBN: 978-1-4064-2411-9 ii Membership of the National Economic and Social Council Chairperson Nominated by Business Nominated by Community and Employers Organisations and Voluntary Organisations Mr. Dermot McCarthy Secretary-General, Department Mr. Turlough O’Sullivan Fr. Seán Healy of the Taoiseach and Secretary IBEC CORI to the Government Mr. Danny McCoy Mr. Seamus Boland IBEC Irish Rural Link Deputy Chairperson Mr. Tom Parlon Ms. Bríd O’Brien CIF INOU Ms. Mary Doyle Assistant Secretary, Ms. Siobhán Masterson Ms. Orla O‘Connor Department of the Taoiseach IBEC National Women‘s Council Mr. John Dunne Mr. John Dolan CCI DFI Government Nominees Dr. Seán Barrett Nominated by the Irish Nominated by the Prof. Elizabeth Meehan Congress of Trade Unions Environment Pillar Mr. David Doyle Mr. David Begg Mr. Oisín Coghlan Secretary General, ICTU Friends of the Earth Department of Finance Ms. Sally-Anne Kinahan Mr. Sean Gorman ICTU Secretariat Secretary General, Mr. Manus O’Riordan Dr. Rory O’ Donnell Department of Enterprise, SIPTU Director Trade and Employment Mr. Peter McLoone Dr. John Sweeney Ms. Bernadette Lacey IMPACT Senior Social Policy Analyst Secretary General, Department of Social Mr. Jack O’Connor Ms. Helen Johnston and Family Affairs SIPTU Senior Social Policy Analyst Ms. Geraldine Tallon Dr. Larry O’Connell Secretary General, Nominated by Agricultural Senior Economist Department of Environment, and Farming Organisations Mr. Noel Cahill Heritage and Local Government Mr. Seamus O’Donohoe Economist Ms. Brigid McManus ICOS Dr. Claire Finn Secretary General, Mr. Ciaran Dolan Economist Department of Education ICMSA and Science Dr. Barry Vaughan Mr. Edmond Connolly Policy Analyst Macra na Feirme Ms. Catherine O’Brien Mr. Pat Smith Ms. Tracy Curran IFA Ms. Sheila Clarke Mr. Eddie Punch ICSA Mr. Con Lucey Ms. Camille Loftus Mr. Colm Markey Mr. Michael Berkery Retired June 2009 Community Platform Macra na Feirme IFA Resigned June 2009 Resigned March 2009 Retired May 2009 iii Table of Contents List of Tables v List of Figures v Abbreviations viii Preface ix Acknowledgements x Executive Summary xiii Volume I part i Thinking about Well-being Chapter 1 Why Well-being Matters 1.1 Well-being – what is it? 3 1.2 The Relevance of Well-being in Ireland Today 7 1.3 Risks to Well-being 8 1.4 The Role of Public Policy in Supporting Well-being 10 1.5 The Contribution and Structure of this Report 13 Chapter 2 Understanding Well-being 2.1 Introduction 15 2.2 Beyond GDP 16 2.3 Understanding Social Progress 19 2.4 Adopting a Well-being Approach 21 2.5 The Concept of Well-being used in this Report 29 2.6 Measuring Well-being and the Role of Social Indicators 32 2.7 A Framework for Assessing Well-being in Ireland 34 2.8 The Link to Public Policy 37 iv part ii Reporting Well-being in Ireland Chapter 3 Expressing Well-being through Social Reporting 3.1 Introduction 45 3.2 International Experience of Social Reporting 45 3.3 Aspects of Social Reporting 47 3.4 Social Reporting in Ireland 50 3.5 Aim and Direction for a NESC Social Report on Well-being 51 3.6 Well-being, Policy and Monitoring 52 Chapter 4 An Overview Picture of Well-being in Ireland 4.1 Introduction 61 4.2 Demographic Changes 63 4.3 Economic Resources 72 4.4 Work and Participation 79 4.5 Relationships and Care 88 4.6 Community and Environment 95 4.7 Health 104 4.8 Democracy and Values 116 4.9 Summary Overview 128 part iii Recasting Well-being in Ireland Chapter 5 Ireland’s Well-being at a Time of Change 5.1 Why a Concern with Well-being 137 5.2 Well-being – What is it? 138 5.3 Application of Well-being in this Report 140 5.4 Summary of Key Well-being Trends 142 5.5 Relevance of Well-being in a Recession 149 5.6 Well-being Implications 150 5.7 Policy Directions 153 5.8 Policy Implementation 161 5.9 Policy Monitoring 163 5.10 Looking to the Future 164 5.11 Overview of Ireland’s Well-being at a Time of Change 165 contents v List of Tables Table 2.1 Framework for the Assessment of Well-being 35 Table 4.1 Framework of Well-being Indicators 62 Table 5.1 Well-being Test 156 List of Figures (Ireland unless specified) Figure 1.1 Well-being, Public Policy and Monitoring 12 Figure 2.1 Income and Happiness 17 Figure 2.2 Happiness and Real Income per Capita in the United States,1973-2004 18 Figure 2.3 Social Quality Concepts 20 Figure 2.4 Schematic Representation of Well-being 22 Figure 2.5 Conceptual Understanding of Well-being 30 Figure 3.1 The Developmental Welfare State 54 Figure 3.2 Social Indicators in the Policy Cycle 56 Figure 4.1 Population Change 1986-2006 63 Figure 4.2 Migration and Natural Increase, 1998-2007 64 Figure 4.3 Irish and Non-Irish Nationals, 1996, 2002, 2006 65 Figure 4.4 Age Structure of the Population: 1996, 2002, 2006 67 Figure 4.5 Population Change by Province, 1996-2006 68 Figure 4.6 Population Change by County in Ireland, 2002-2006 69 Figure 4.7 Couples under 65, Changes in Employment Status, 1994-2000 73 Figure 4.8 Income Inequality, OECD Comparisons 74 Figure 4.9 Poverty in Ireland, 1998-2007 77 Figure 4.10 Persons who Experienced Debt Problems Arising from Ordinary Living Expenses by Household Composition, 2003 & 2006 78 Figure 4.11 Unemployment in Ireland, 1988-2008 80 Figure 4.12 Employment in Ireland for Persons Aged 15-64, 1988-2008 81 Figure 4.13 Percentage of the Population aged 15 and over whose Full-time Education has Ceased Holding Third Level Qualifications in Ireland, 1991-2006 83 vi Figure 4.14 Men and Women aged 15-64 in Employment Classified by Highest Level of Education Attained, 2002 and 2008 84 Figure 4.15 Time Use Structure of Women and Men Aged 20-74, Selected European Countries 86 Figure 4.16 Marital Status in Ireland, 1996-2006 88 Figure 4.17 Household Composition in Ireland, 1996-2006 90 Figure 4.18 Numbers of People aged 65 and over Living Alone, 1998-2007 92 Figure 4.19 Carers by Number of Hours per Week of Unpaid Help Provided, 2006 93 Figure 4.20 Dwelling Unit Completions in Ireland, 1988-2008 95 Figure 4.21 House Price Index, Number of Housing Loans Paid and Average Value of Mortgages in Ireland, 1997-2009 96 Figure 4.22 Housing Need in Ireland, 2002, 2005, 2008 97 Figure 4.23 Percentage of Respondents Reporting Regularly Attending one or more Community Activities, by Gender, Age and Social Class, 2007 100 Figure 4.24 Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Ireland: 1997-2006 101 Figure 4.25 Percentage of People who Travel 25km and over to Work, 2006 102 Figure 4.26 Municipal Waste Generated: Selected European Comparisons, 2006 103 Figure 4.27 Life Expectancy at Birth, 1985-2007 105 Figure 4.28 Healthy Life Years at Birth by Gender, European Countries, 2006 106 Figure 4.29 Percentage of Respondents Rating their Health as ‘Excellent’ or ‘Very Good’, by Age, Gender and Social Class, 2007 107 Figure 4.30 Percentage of Persons on How Easy or Difficult it is to Reach and Gain Access to Hospitals in Ireland and the EU 27, 2007 108 Figure 4.31 Suicides by Gender, Ireland and EU 27, 1987-2006 110 Figure 4.32 Smoking in Ireland, 1998, 2002, 2007 111 Figure 4.33 Alcohol Consumption in the EU, Selected Countries, 2003 112 contents vii Figure 4.34 Percentage of Respondents Consuming the Recommended Number
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