IEE: India: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program

Initial Environmental Examination ______

March 2012

IND: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program — Sindhanur

Prepared by the Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development and Finance Corporation, Government of Karnataka for the Asian Development Bank.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 28 March 2012) Currency unit – rupee (INR) INR1.00 = $0.01965 $1.00 = INR 50.865

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB : Asian Development Bank ASI : Archeological Survey of India ASP : Activated Sludge Process APMC : Agriculture Producing Market Committe BM : Bituminous Macadam CA : Civil Amenities CI : Cast Iron CMC : City Municipal Council DI : Ductile Iron DoEEF : Department of Ecology, Environment and Forests EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment EMP : Environmental Management Plan ELSR :Elevated Level Service Reservoir FAL : Facultative Aerated Lagoon FSL : Full Supply Level GI : Galvanized Iron GLRL : Ground Level Reduced Level GoI : Government of India GoK : Government of Karnataka HH : Households HP : Horse Power IA : Implementing Agency IR : Impounding Reservoir IEE : Initial Environmental Examination LPS : Liter per Second KSPCB Karnataka State Pollution Control Board KUIDFC : Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development & Financial Corporation KUWS&DB : Karnataka Urban Water Supply and Drainage Board MLD : Million Litre per Day MoEF : Ministry of Environment and Forests MSL : Mean Sea Level MSS : Mix Seal Surface NKUSIP : North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program NOC : No Objection Certificate NOx : Oxides of Nitrogen OM : Operations Manual O&M : Operation and Maintenance PC : Program consultant PMU : Program Monitoring Unit PSC : Prestressed Concrete PWD : Public Works Department RCC : Reinforced Cement Concrete RL : Reduce Level

SS : Suspended solids STP : Sewage Treatment Plant UGD : Underground Drainage WHO : World Health Organization WRDO : Water Resource Development Organization

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

ha – hectare km – kilometer m – meter mm – millimeter

NOTES

(i) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars (ii) ―INR‖ and ―Rs‖ refer to Indian rupees

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Page I. INTRODUCTION 1 A. Overview 1 B. Environmental Regulatory Compliance 1 C. Purpose of Initial Environmental Examination 2 D. Scope of IEE study 2 E. Report Structure 2 II. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVESTMENT PROGRAM COMPONENTS 2 A. Goal of NKUSIP Investment Program 2 B. Investment program Components 3 C. Type of Project 6 D. Need for the Project 6 E. Existing Basic Infrastructure Facilities in Sindhanur CMC 8 F. Water Supply System 8 III. ENVIRONMENTAL DESCRIPTION 33 A. Environmental Profile of Sindhanur 33 B. Environmental Settings for Program Components – Sewerage system and STP 36 IV. SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 37 A. Introduction 37 B. Location Impacts 37 C. Design Impacts 37 D. Construction Impacts 38 E. Operation and Maintenance (O & M) Impacts 38 V. PUBLIC CONSULTATION & INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 52 VI. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLANS 54 A. Institutional Requirements 54 B. Environmental Management Plans 58 VII. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 67 A. Findings 67 B. Recommendations 68 VIII. CONCLUSIONS 68

APPENDIXES: 1. Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist – Sewerage System 2. Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist – Water Supply 3. Programme Implementation Schedule Bar Chart 4. Sub component list of latitude and longitude of Sindhanur Water Supply and U.G.D Project 5. Recommended Contract Clauses 6. Detailed Note on Roles & Responsibilities of the CSS, Divisional ES,Regional ES and State ES and roles of the consultants and contractor

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. The Government of Karnataka (GoK) through the Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development and Finance Corporation (KUIDFC) is implementing the North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Programme (NKUSIP) under the assistance of Asian Development Bank. The goal of the programme is to improve the level, quality and sustainability of basic urban services in selected Urban Local Bodies (ULBs), contributing to improved quality of life among the urban poor. NKUSIP will be implemented over a period of eight years beginning in 2008, and will be funded by a loan via the Multitranche Financing Facility (MFF) of the Asian Development Bank (ADB).

2. Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development & Finance Corporation (KUIDFC) is the nodal executing agency (EA) responsible for implementing NKUSIP. Investment Program implementation activities will be monitored by KUIDFC through a separate Investment Program Management Unit (PMU). The ultimate implementation responsibility lies with ULBs in co ordination with various other Departments of GoK.

3. ADB requires the consideration of environmental issues in all aspects of the Bank‘s operations, and the requirements for Environmental Assessment are described in ADB‘s SPS (2009). This states that ADB requires environmental assessment of all project loans, program loans, sector loans, sector development program loans, loans involving financial intermediaries, and private sector loans.

4. This Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) has been prepared for the Sindhanur CMC Tranche III Sub-Project, specifically for the improvement of the Water Supply and Treatment system.

5. An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is proposed as part of this report which includes (i) mitigation measures for significant environmental impacts during implementation, (ii) environmental monitoring program, and the responsible entities for mitigation, monitoring, and reporting; (iii) public consultation and information disclosure; and grievance redress mechanism.

6. Detailed design began in 2009 and completed in May 2011. Construction may begin in second half of 2011, and will take around 18 months. All civil works will be completed by 2013.

7. Sindhanur city, located at part of northern Karnataka is one among the 25 cities of the state of Karnataka where urban sector investment program has been proposed. The town is situated at an altitude of 382 m above Mean Sea Level (MSL).

8. Potential negative impacts were identified in relation to construction and operation of the infrastructure. A number of impacts and their significance have already been reduced by amending the designs thus no impacts were identified as being due to the project design or location. Mitigation measures have been developed to reduce all negative impacts to acceptable levels.

9. During the construction phase, impacts mainly arise from the need to dispose of moderate quantities of waste soil; and from the disturbance of residents, businesses, and traffic. These are common impacts of construction in urban areas, and there are well developed methods for their mitigation.

10. Once the Water supply and Treatment system is operating, the facilities will operate with routine maintenance, which should not affect the environment. The impact to nearby environment is minimum. The system will supply water as per CPCB standards and will benefit the individuals and public health with improvements in hygiene. This will reduce the incidence of disease associated with poor sanitation. This will also lead to economic gains as people will be less away from work and indirectly increase their income.

11. There were limited opportunities to provide environmental enhancements, but certain measures were included. For example it is proposed that the project will employ in the workforce people who live in the vicinity of construction sites to provide them with a short-term economic gain; and ensure that people employed in the longer term to maintain and operate the new facilities are residents of nearby communities.

12. Mitigation will be assured by a program of environmental monitoring conducted during construction and operation to ensure that all measures in the EMP are implemented and to determine whether the environment is protected as intended. This will include observations on- and off-site, document checks, and interviews with workers and beneficiaries, and any requirements for remedial action will be reported.

13. Therefore the subproject is unlikely to cause significant adverse impacts. The potential adverse impacts that are associated with design, construction, and operation can be mitigated to standard levels without difficulty through proper engineering design and the incorporation or application of recommended mitigation measures and procedures. Based on the findings of the IEE, the classification of the Project as Category ―B‖ is confirmed. It is concluded that the proposed sub-project should proceed, with appropriate mitigation measures and monitoring programs identified in the IEE.

I. INTRODUCTION

A. Overview

1. The Government of Karnataka (GoK) through the Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development and Finance Corporation (KUIDFC) has prepared the North Karnataka urban Sector Investment Programme (NKUSIP) under the Asian Development Bank (ADB) assistance. Seven ULBs have been considered for the Package IV – Bellary under NKUSIP. They include Bellary, Hospet, Raichur, Chamrajnagar, Koppal, Sindhnur, and Gangavathi ULBs. The poor infrastructure facilities and services such as water supply, sewerage and sanitation and risk of infectious diseases in the project area forces NKUSIP to select Sindhnur ULB for improvement located at lat 150 47’’ N and long 760 44’ E, at 382m above MSL. The primary objective of NKUSIP is to promote economic development in North Karnataka through urban infrastructure provision, focusing on the improvement of environmental sanitation and public health through equitable distribution of urban basic services that are environmentally sound and operationally sustainable. This will also enhances the quality life of people.

2. The aim of Investment Program is to improve the environmental condition of urban areas. However, the proposed improvements of infrastructure facilities may exert certain adverse impacts on the natural environment during construction and Operation stages. Impacts during the construction stage are expected to be more severe than impacts during the operation phase, though for a short duration. However, the provision of sewage treatment plant may exert adverse impacts during the operation phase also, if due care is not taken. Most of the impacts are activity-specific. Nevertheless, if due care is taken during the construction phase, negative impacts due to investment Program will be far outweighed by positive impacts.

B. Environmental Regulatory Compliance

3. The environmental regulations and mandatory requirement for sub-components proposed for Sindhnur town are indicated in Table 1.1. The table indicates that as far as GoI and GoK Acts/Guidelines are concerned, the proposed Investment Programs do not need to go thorough environmental assessment process; however, as specified below, few sub-project components may require consent from Competent Authorities.

Table 1.1: Environmental Regulatory Compliance of NKUSIP Components Sector Sub- Applicability of Act/Guidelines Compliance Criteria component Sewerage and Sewage The Water (Prevention & Control of Consent for Establishment and Sanitation Treatment Pollution) Act, 1974 & 1978 Consent for Operation from KSPCB Plant All Sectors All Sub- The Environmental Policy and Categorization of sub-project (Urban drainage, components Operations Manual (OM) 20: component into A, B or C and urban roads, slum up- Environmental Considerations in ADB developing required level of gradation, non- Operation. environmental assessment for each municipal component. components-fire ADB Safeguards Policy services, etc.) Statements,2009

4. According to ADB guidelines (2009), environmental assessment of a proposed project is at the initial stages of Investment Program (Preparatory Stage). As per the ADB Guidelines, the proposed project components are categorized into A, B and C category projects to establish the level of environmental assessment needed to address potential environmental impacts. It is

2 understood from the IEE study that there are no significant potential environmental impacts from the proposed Investment Program. Therefore, an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is not required for this development project (Category A is ruled out). However, the study reveals that there are less significant impacts of the project on the environment and are of short duration. Therefore, only Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) is required (Category B is considered). Category ‗C‘ is not applicable since IEE is required for the program components. Hence, IEE has been carried out with identification of potential impacts and necessary feasible mitigation measures with due importance given for sustainable environment.

C. Purpose of Initial Environmental Examination

5. The purpose of IEE in the urban improvement program sub-projects is to fulfill the ADB‘s environmental assessment requirement for sector loans. Owing to the scale and nature of the proposed infrastructure components and environmental profile of the NKUSIP sub-project towns, almost all Investment Program components are unlikely to have adverse environmental impacts. Therefore, as per the ADB‘s Safeguards Policy Statements,2009, the sub-project components proposed in Sindhanur town under NKUSIP are categorized as ‗B‘ and accordingly, initial environmental examination (IEE) has been carried out.

D. Scope of IEE study

6. The IEE is one of the effective tools in the development project to implement the required development activities in an eco-friendly mode. The IEE report has been prepared mainly based on secondary sources of information and field reconnaissance surveys; no field environmental monitoring survey was conducted. Stakeholder consultation was an integral part of the IEE.

E. Report Structure

7. This Report is framed with 8 Sections including this Introduction Chapter:

(i) Introduction (ii) Project Description (iii) Environmental Description (iv) Screening of Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures (v) Public consultation and Information Disclosure (vi) Institutional requirements and Environmental Management Plans (vii) Findings and Recommendations (viii) Conclusions

II. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVESTMENT PROGRAM COMPONENTS

A. Goal of NKUSIP Investment Program

8. The lack/inadequacy of certain basic facilities along with poor quality of environment and life in northern part of Karnataka has forced North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (NKUSIP) to be initiated. The developmental goal of NKUSIP is to provide financial assistance to ULBs for necessary basic facilities in Municipal Corporations and to facilitate economic growth in the surrounding areas. The goal of the NKUSIP is to enhance economic condition in 3

ULBs through proper distribution of urban basic services that are eco-friendly, techno-feasible and operation sustainable.

B. Investment program Components

9. The goal of the NKUSIP is to enhance economic condition in ULBs through proper distribution of urban basic services that are eco-friendly, techno-feasible and operation sustainable. The Investment Program Components are listed below:

(i) Water supply (ii) Sewerage and Sanitation (iii) Storm water drainage (Drainage Up-gradation) (iv) Urban roads (v) Poverty Alleviation (Slum infrastructure improvement) (vi) Non-municipal infrastructure – Fire services, Lake Development and Tourism

C. Project Location

10. Sindhanur, the second largest urban center in Raichur District, is located at a distance of 390 km from State capital Bangalore and 87 km from District headquarters Raichur. The town is the taluk headquarters of the Sindhanur Taluk in Raichur District. The City Municipal Council jurisdiction extends up to an area of 25.55 sqkm, with 8806 houses & 61,292 (2001) population within 31 wards. It is one of the important educational, administrative and trade centers in the state. The agricultural development around the town is extensive due to the presence of the Tungabhadra irrigation canal. Owing to the irrigation facilities, agro based industries are also growing at faster rate in and around the town In addition to this, many small scale industries exist in the town.

11. The whole area of Sindhanur is sloping towards Northern side. Sindhanur nalla is running in the middle of the town. The surface soil is composed of murrum soil and black soil mixed with granite boulders. The main minerals in the district are gold, copper, iron, feldspar granite, sandstone, quartz, limestone etc.

Map: 2.1: Sindhanur District in Karnataka Map

SEWERAGE BASE MAP FOR SINDHANUR TOWN N LEGEND

750MM SEWER TRUNK MAIN PIPE 700MM SEWER TRUNK MAIN PIPE 600MM SEWER TRUNK MAIN PIPE 500MM SEWER TRUNK MAIN PIPE 450MM SEWER TRUNK MAIN PIPE 400MM SEWER TRUNK MAIN PIPE 350MM SEWER TRUNK MAIN PIPE 300MM SEWER TRUNK MAIN PIPE 250MM SEWER TRUNK MAIN PIPE SEWERAGE ZONE-1 SEWERAGE ZONE-2 SEWERAGE ZONE-3 EXISTING ROADS WATER BODIES MAJOR CONTOUR CMC BOUNDARY PROPOSED STP BOUNDARY

Project: NORTH KARNATAKA URBAN SECTOR INVESTMENT PROGRAMME (ADB ASSISTED) Client: KARNATAKA URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT & FINANCE CORPORATION KUIDFC Title: SEWERAGE BASE MAP OF SINDHANUR TOWN Consultant:SPAN CONSULTANTS Pvt. Ltd. (Member of SNC-Lavali Group) MINDMILL Corporate Tower, 4th & 5th Floor, Plot 24A, Sector 16A, Film city, NOIDA (U.P) - 201301 INDIA.

Map 2.2: Sindhanur CMC Base Map

Fig. 2.1: Sindhanur City Municipal Council

D. Type of Project

12. The Project has been classified as service delivery typed project in which the project improves health and quality of life of the people living in the project towns by facilitating basic infrastructure facilities such as water supply and underground drainage (UGD) facility.

E. Need for the Project

13. Sindhanur is rewarded with one of the important educational, administrative and trade canter in Karnataka state. Availability of water in huge amount due to Tungabhadra irrigation canal encourages the agricultural development in and around the town in extensive. Owing to the irrigation facilities, agro based industries are also growing at faster rate in and around the town In addition to this, many small scale industries exist in the town.

14. Population in the city is on growing. Providing basic amenities to ensure high level of performance in environmental safe guard is quite necessary to ensure long term urban sustainability. A study conducted by Department of Forest , Ecology & Environment, Government of Karnataka, 2003 has shown that the cities in the state of Karnataka has poor environmental performance due to lagging in ensuring basic infrastructure facilities to the urban population.

1. Karnataka – Health Status 15. Lack of safe and adequate water supply and sanitation facilities leads unhealthy environment which results in the risk of infectious diseases particularly in urban areas. Report which was generated by The State of Environment Report (SOER), 2003, Karnataka, brings out the fact that the lack of safe water supply and sanitation facilities is essentially leading to the health related consequences. The following are important observations of the report.

Table 2.1: Water borne/related Diseases in Karnataka

Year Gastroenteritis Cholera Leptospirosis Viral Hepatitis Typhoid Total Fatal Total Fatal Total Fatal Total Fatal Total Fatal 1991 17455 691 747 16 -- -- 659 17 -- -- 1992 15262 608 402 14 -- -- 282 17 -- -- 1993 16206 855 424 13 -- -- 678 07 26047 01 1994 15932 325 304 10 -- -- 382 00 20349 00 1995 18645 396 532 38 -- -- 7146 01 10250 00 1996 22983 377 657 06 -- -- 1332 06 22221 12 1997 23665 361 714 10 67 02 1714 04 3880 05 1998 23881 501 434 02 01 00 3824 02 2435 00 1999 17743 126 134 03 54 02 4792 02 24356 01 2000 31132 265 354 03 03 01 3011 10 27210 00 2001 23893 198 342 01 68 07 5438 28 33346 06 2002 25218 146 384 00 27 00 4578 15 42936 02 Source: SOER, 2003.

16. The Sindhanur ULB specific components of the program are given below:

(i) Sewerage and Sanitation (ii) Water Supply (iii) Slum Improvement

17. Out of the above components, those considered under Tranche 3 are as follows;

Table 2.2: Components under Tranche 3

Infrastructure Description Location components Water Supply Construction of WTP of capacity of 10 MLD Construction of ELSRs of capacity 1. CA Site (Zone-3) 1. 1.0 ML, 9 m staging 2. Mooru maili Camp (Zone-2) 2. 0.5 ML, 9 m Staging 3.APMC Premices(zone-5) 4. Glory School (Zone-1) 3 1.00 ML, 9 m Staging 4. 1.00 ML, 9 m Staging on the west of Tungabhadra Construction of new Impounding Reservoir of left bank canal near Turvihal capacity 5527 ML to cater demand of 2061 village in Land of Turvihal Raw water pumping main from Impounding and Kalmangi village reservoir at proposed Jack well to receiving chamber at existing jack well of length 1225m. Linking Raw water Gravity main from receiving chamber to Proposed 700mm BWCCP Pipe of length 17500 m. Proposed Pumping Machinery with stand by pumps for water supply system- a) At Impounding Reservoir : Discharge- 234.63 lps, Head-21.74 m and 90 HP.

b) At WTP Prop: Discharge-232.78 lps, Head-60 m and 235 HP. Proposed Feeder Main 450 mm DI -760 m. 400 mm DI -180 m. 300 mm DI- 880 m, 250 mm DI- 5960 m, 200 mm DI- 2620 m. Water supply distribution network of length 59 Kms.(Including 10km replacement) 5388 nos. house hold connections Sewerage and Laying of new sewers for about 113 km. Sindhanur CMC limits sanitation Construction of Sewage treatment plant for 12.00 Right side of Uddbal Road MLD (Intermediate Phase).

House connections 9100 Nos. Source: Sindhanur DPR. 18. The structural components of the investment program lie in the city area and most of Water supply line and UGD lines of the proposed project passes along the existing road track. As a whole, the project does not fall in any restricted areas, wildlife national parks, and any other places where the law of the land prohibits any construction activities. In addition, the scale of human settlement or human lives affected because of project activities is quite insignificant.

F. Existing Basic Infrastructure Facilities in Sindhanur CMC

1. Water Supply System

19. Ground water is not available in sufficient quantity and also the area is under black cotton soil. The only surface source is Tungabhadra River which is flowing at distance of 30 Km from the city. But it is also not a perennial source. Other source of water is Tungabhadra Left Bank canal which is flowing at a distance of 18 Km from Sindhanur town. But some of the distributaries are flowing in and around the town.

2. Existing water supply System

20. The first water supply system was constructed in 1968 with Sindhanur Nalla as the source of water supply system of capacity 0.5 MLD near the town and it was not perennial. The first organized water supply system for Sindhanur town was constructed in year 1997, with Tungabhadra Left Bank Canal as the source, it also not a perennial one. Water is flowing in canal from July to March. Only right side of the canal is irrigated. The intake works are on the right bank of the canal with canal bed RL 431.39 and is connected to Jackwll by 700 mm dia CI pipe. The water collected in the jackwell is pumped in to Impounding reservoir through a 500 mm dia PSC pipe. 100% stand by pumping machinery is provided in the jackwell with required electrical system. The power factor recorded at the jackwell electrical substation is 0.84. Details are shown in the table below.

Existing Details of Jack well Cum Pumping Machinery Component Details Intake arrangement Connected with pipeline Connecting pipe from canal Number 1 Diameter 600 mm Length 40 m 9

Material RCC pipeline Jack well Cum Pump house Diameter 8 m Depth 7.5 m Construction RCC, Super Structure Stone masonry Pump house Location On top of Jack well Shape Circular Pumping Machinery Number of pump sets 2 Type Vertical Turbine pumps Discharge 126 Lps Head 34 m HP of motor 90 HP Make of pumps and motors Jyoti Pumps 3. Raw water pumping main 21. This main carries the water from Tungabhadra Left Bank Canal (TLBC) near Turvihal jack well to Impounding reservoir with 500 mm diameter PSC pipe for a length of 17081m and designed to carry 10.88MLD flow.

Raw pumping main details Description Details Diameter 500 mm Length in m 17081 Material Pre Stressed Concrete pipe

4. Raw water Pumping Station and pumping Machinery 22. The Jack well cum raw water pumping station is constructed on bank of TLBC with two 55 HP Vertical Turbine pumps which work for 16 to 24 hr. /day.

Raw water pumping station details Description Details Number of pump sets 2 Type Vertical Turbine pumps Discharge 126 Lps Head 34 m HP of motor 90 HP Make of pumps and motors Jyoti Pumps

5. Impounding reservoir 23. The raw water from the Jack well is pumped and stored in a 485ML capacity impounding reservoir, located near the Water Treatment Plant (WTP) which is in the town limits. This impounding reservoir is designed to store 3 months water requirement to 60,000 people at the rate of 90 lpcd. During 2005 this impounding reservoir bund had breached on the northern portion. Detailed investigations are carried out by the ULB and KUWS & DB through M/s CIVIL AID Technologies Private Ltd Bangalore; they suggested some remedial measures for strengthening of the bund. Accordingly ULB and KUWDS carried out the work.

24. After one year once again it breached in the same portion. Further detailed investigations were carried out by the same agency and they suggested to reduce the Full Tank

Level (FTL) by 2 m and recommended for deepening the impounding reservoir for the depth of 2.5 mt in order to avail the storage 485 ML. The works are carried by KUWS & DB under the supervision of M/s CIVIL AID Technologies Private Ltd Bangalore. They recommended new impounding reservoir for the future storage.

6. Water Treatment System 25. The water treatment plant of capacity 6.82 MLD is designed and constructed for ultimate capacity and located in survey no. 960 of Sindhanur in ward No. 12 of Sindhanur Municipality on west of Sindhanur Nalla. Water production from this plant is 4.5 ML. All the pumping machineries are designed for the capacity of 4.5 MLD.

26. The treatment plant has following unit:

(i) Inlet chamber from impounding reservoir (ii) Raw water channel, (iii) Alum dosing tank connected to raw water channel, (iv) Flash mixer, with 0.5 hp stirrer, (v) Clariflocculator. (vi) Two twin rapid sand filter beds. (vii) Wash water tank, 0.150 ML capacity ELSR (viii) Chlorination Room (ix) Clear water sump (x) Clear water pumping station (xi) Diesel Generator

7. Clear water pumping station, Pumping machinery and Transmission main

27. Treated water is pumped from a clear water sump, through the following works, located in the water treatment plant premises.(a) Circular Sump of 2.5 lakh liters capacity, 12 m dia x 2.4 m depth,(b) Rectangular pump house, located by the side of the sump.

8. Clear water pumping station and pumping machinery

Location By the side of sump Construction Stone masonry Shape Rectangular Number of pump sets 2 Type Horizontal centrifugal pumps Discharge (lps) 78.38 Head(m) 43 HP of motor 75HP Make of pumps and motors Kirloskar

9. Clear Water transmission main 28. Clear Water transmission mains run from pure water sump at WTP to respective elevated storage reservoirs by pumping. The transmission main of 450 mm diameter PSC carries water in common mains and feeds to the individual tanks by pumping main 200 mm CI pipe to ELSR located in APMC yard and Mehaboob Colony, and 160mm dia PVC pipe branches-off to connect to ESSR located near IB (Inspection Bungalow).

Diameter of the pipe in mm Length of Pipe in Meter Remarks 450 PSC 4000 m Not in Good condition 200 mm CI 250 m Good condition 160 mm PVC 500 m Good condition

10. Service Reservoirs 29. Three reservoirs were constructed in the town water supply system, are filled up by pumping the water from the pure water sump at WTP. The reservoirs at APMC and Mehaboob colony are in good condition but need some rehabilitation works and other one at IB is not in good condition and it is not in use. The details are given below:

Service Reservoirs Year of Capacity in Filled from Supply Area Location Performance Construction ML Wards Near APMC Sump at 12,13,14,15,16,17,18 1997 0.91 Good Yard WTP ,19 Mehaboob 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,1 1997 1.36 --do-- Good Colony 1,20,21,22,23,24,25 Near IB 1968 0.23 --do-- 26,27,29 Not in Use By Pumping 29,30,31 Total 2.50

11. Distribution Network 30. In city the distribution network consists of Cast Iron and PVC pipe lines of diameter ranging from 90 mm to 200 mm dia. The length of the existing distribution network in all kind of materials is 68165 Meter. Most part of the town water is distributed by gravity & in the ward 29, 30 and 31 which are in higher elevation are fed by pumping. The length of existing distribution network and diameter wise details is given below.

Distribution Network Details of Proposed For Sindhanur Water Supply Sindhanur Water Distribution Network Zone -1 Existing Pipes 90 mm 110 mm 160 mm 200 mm Total 5080.82 1068.66 6149.48

Sindhanur Water Distribution Network Zone -2 Existing Pipes 90 mm 110 mm 160 mm 200 mm Total 574.54 2704.71 3279.25

Sindhanur Water Distribution Network Zone -3 Existing Pipes 90 mm 110 mm 160 mm 200 mm Total 4364.78 1579.08 5519.61 11463.47

Sindhanur Water Distribution Network Zone -4 Existing Pipes 90 mm 110 mm 160 mm 200 mm Total 4619.88 331.61 2780.26 1816.61 9548.36

Sindhanur Water Distribution Network Zone -5 Existing Pipes 90 mm 110 mm 160 mm 200 mm Total 6400.63 1584.01 1596.8 9581.44

Sindhanur Water Distribution Network Zone -6 Existing Pipes 90 mm 110 mm 160 mm 200 mm Total 10917.87 3516.37 2299.28 16733.52 Total Existing Pipe lengths 56755.52

12. Coverage 31. Piped water supply is made available through 4880 domestic and 128 non domestic connections. House connections account for 43.44% of 11232 residential properties. Population covered by the house connections is 26599 or 43.44% of the total population of 61,232 (2001). The remaining population is being served with water from 190 stand posts, 6 bore wells fitted with power pumps and 43 hand pumps. Total length of the road is 168 km. including new layout roads. The distribution mains are provided only for 68 km accounting only 40.47% of the total road length.

A. Sl No B. Type of Connection C. No. of connection D. 1 E. Household F. 4880 connection G. 2 H. Commercial I. 128 connection J. 3 K. Industrial connection L. 22 M. 4 N. Public Taps O. 190

13. Per Capita Supply

32. The Water supplied to consumer is totaling to 6.82 Mld supplied in 20 hrs by operation of the pumps at treatment plant. Though the gross supply indicates 72 lpcd, the net supply position does not exceed 65 lpcd after the transmission and other losses of about 25%. The supply is once in a day for duration of about 1 to 2hrs.

14. Duration of Supply

33. The water supply is daily and for 2 hours every day, between 6am to 9pm and in summer alter native day

15. Service Level Indicators 13

34. They are based on field visit and analysis of the data collected from different sources. 35. Essential water supply indicators

Description Value Indicators Total area of Town Sq. km 25.5 Total no. of households(2011 Census) Nos. 11232 Households covered by House Service Connections Nos. 4880 Total households served by House Service Connections % 43.44 Property Tax Assessments with Service Connections % 12 Gross water supply ( Surface) MLD 4.5 Total water supplied from Treatment Plant MLD 4.5 Frequency of Supply Daily 2 hr. Gross Supply lpcd 72 Net Supply lpcd 65

16. Number of properties

36. The number of Residential properties is 11232.

(i) House connection (ii) The number of house connections is 4880 is about 43.44 % of the 11232 residential properties. (iii) Commercial connection (iv) The number of commercial connections is 128 (v) Public stand post (vi) The number of public stand post is 190

17. Proposals of Water Supply System

a. Water Supply System

37. Tungabhadra Left bank canal is the only source for Sindhanur town. Normally canal closed for three month in a year. During flow period, water is to be impounded and stored for use during the canal closure period. New impounding reservoir is identified on the west of Tungabhadra left bank canal near Turvihal village in Turvihal and Kalmangi village. The canal is flowing on the embankment at that location. The impounding reservoir can be partially filled up by gravity (Canal FSL 436.5 and canal Bed level is 432.85 and lowest average GLRL of Impounding Reservoir is 428.5 Mt). The water filled by gravity would be sufficient for the demand of 2029. This would result in no need for pumping additional water for non flow period from the canal, up to intermediate period. The required impounding reservoir of storage capacity is 5527 ML for the year 2064 demand as shown in the table below. So impounding reservoir of capacity 5766 ML is proposed including required arrangements of intake from canal. The existing impounding reservoir of capacity 450 ML can be utilized as stand by.

30% Loss due Water Impounding to Projected Net Storage Sl No Year Demand in for 100 Days Evaporation Population Required MLD in ML and 10% for infiltration

1 2064 369623 43.96 4250.66 1275.20 5527

38. The present proposal is to convey water from the intake well by gravity by utilizing the level difference available between the RL at the jack well and the WTP site. The proposal is to tap the existing jack well at the canal inlet level and laying the raw water main at deeper levels till the point required to facilitate gravity flow. This would allow the flow required up to 2044 to flow to the WPT site by gravity and thus avoid the pumping cost during canal flow period. This would also allow the usage of the present intake arrangements and jack well.

39. An additional opening on the left side of the canal is proposed to fill the proposed IR. During the first phase (2014-2029) the water can be filled up to 436.50 (ie the MWL of canal) by gravity from this vent. The quantity stored in IR by gravity during flow period would be sufficient for non flow period usage up to 2029.

40. During non flow period water in IR is proposed to be pumped from the proposed jack well in the IR to a receiving chamber on the proposed gravity main near the present jack well, from where the water will flow by gravity to the WTP site.

41. In the 2nd Stage The proposal is to use the proposed jackwell inside the I.R for pumping raw water from I.R to the receiving chamber during Non flow period upto 2029.The after 2029 in order to meet the requirement the water from the canal to I.R is pumped to fill the I,R above 436.50 RL during flow period it is proposed to have suitable pumping arrangement over the jackwell during flow period. The same pumping machinery‘s arrangements from the I.R may be used to pump to receiving chamber.

42. Raw water pumping and pumping machinery. The raw water pumping from the IR during non flow period will be from proposed jack well located inside the proposed impounding reservoir. Raw water pumping machinery of discharge 234.63 LPS and head of 21.74 m 90 HP capacity is proposed to pump water from impounding reservoir to the junction manhole chamber on the gravity main. Electrical works for pumping including Panel board, starter with all accessories are proposed.

43. Pumping main from IR. The raw water pumping main of 600 mm diameter DI pipe of length 1225 m is proposed to connect impounding reservoir to junction manhole on the gravity main for drawing water from IR during non flow period. The 600 mm diameter DI pipe is proposed to cross the canal over a bridge for delivering the raw water into the manhole.

44. Treatment Plant. The water treatment plant of capacity 10.00 MLD is proposed to cater the demand of 2029 population with following components as in the existing WTP location near the town with GLRL 389 Mts.

(i) Inlet chamber from impounding reservoir (ii) Raw water channel, (iii) Alum dosing tank connected to raw water channel, 15

(iv) Flash mixer, (v) Clariflocculator. (vi) Four no. twin rapid sand filter bed of size 8.02Mt x 3.20 Mt . (vii) Wash water tank, 0.200 ML capacity ELSR (viii) Chlorination Room (ix) Clear water sump (x) Clear water pumping station

45. Pure Water Pumping Station and pumping machinery. The pure water pumping station is proposed near proposed WTP In the premises of Water Treatment Plant. Pure water pumping machinery of discharge 232.78 LPS and head of 60 m, 235 HP capacity is proposed to pump water from pure water sump to individual ELSRs. Electrical works at pumping station including panel board, starter with all accessories are proposed.

46. Pumping main. The pure water pumping main from pure water sump to proposed individual ELSR by pumping mains of different diameters from 400 mm diameter DI pipe to 150 mm DI pipe are proposed. The existing pumping arrangements will be retained for the existing OHTs.

47. Elevated Storage Reservoirs. At present about 2.50 ML capacity storage available, additional 3.5 ML 4 ELSR are proposed to cater the demand of 2029 population. The storage is worked out with the population and demand for the Ward population.

Capacity in Filled from Supply Area Location ML Wards Near Montessori New WTP Sump 1.00 29,30,31 school at WTP Munnu mile Camp 0.50 --do-- 12 Part, 13,14,15 In APMC Compound 1.00 --do-- 1,2,3,4,5,6 16,17,18,19,20,2 CA Site 1.00 --do-- 1 Part Total 3.50

48. Distribution Net work. The water supply distribution network for the entire city is divided in to 6 zones for maintaining 7 mts residual head. The details of the proposed zones are given below. On priority 59000 m pipe line for distribution including replacement of 10000 m is taken in this project. The zone wise and Diameter wise proposed water supply distribution lines are given below: Proposed Water Supply Distribution Zones

Zone Name Filled from Supplying Wards

Zone - 1 Proposed WTP 29,30,31

Zone - 2 Proposed WTP 12 Part, 13,14,15

Zone - 3 Proposed WTP 16,17,18,19,20,21 Part

Zone - 4 Existing WTP 6,7,8,9,10,11,12 Part, 14,15

Zone - 5 Proposed WTP 1,2,3,4,5,6

Zone - 6 Existing WTP 21part,22,23,24,25,26,27,28

49. Bulk Water meter. From source to ELSRs bulk water meters are proposed. No flow measurement is done either at source or at other strategic locations like the transmission mains and the service reservoirs and hence it is not possible to keep an account of water pumping or usage. There is leakage of water in pumping and transmission lines in the system which requires detailed study. Under the project, provision has been made to provide bulk water meter at various locations to the extent of Rs 9.00 Lakhs.

50. After detailed study and discussion with line departments, it is proposed to provide measuring devices as given below in the table:

NETWORK ANALYSIS FOR SINDHANUR TOWN Distribution Network Details of Proposed For Sindhanur Water Supply Sindhanur Water Distribution Network Zone -1 Proposed Pipes 90mm 110 mm 140 mm 160 mm 200 mm 250 mm 300 mm Total 11366.6 141.99 98.18 107.81 381.88 289.57 47.88 12433.91

Sindhanur Water Distribution Network Zone -2 Proposed Pipes 90mm 110 mm 140 mm 160 mm 200 mm 250 mm 300 mm Total 14406.87 874.18 318.62 1372.74 2073.2 19045.61

Sindhanur Water Distribution Network Zone -3 Proposed Pipes 90mm 110 mm 140 mm 160 mm 200 mm 250 mm 300 mm Total 31137.36 234.55 1245.4 218.21 117.03 150.82 33103.37

Sindhanur Water Distribution Network Zone -4 Proposed Pipes 90mm 110 mm 140 mm 160 mm 200 mm 250 mm 300 mm Total 18891.06 632.15 16.86 26.89 19566.96

Sindhanur Water Distribution Network Zone -5 Proposed Pipes 90mm 110 mm 140 mm 160 mm 200 mm 250 mm 300 mm Total 8898.23 61.31 26.58 46.87 9032.99

Sindhanur Water Distribution Network Zone -6 Proposed Pipes 90mm 110 mm 140 mm 160 mm 200 mm 250 mm 300 mm Total 17

11214.28 219.64 66.9 448.09 115.55 22.48 12086.94 Total Proposed Pipe lengths 105269.78 For Fist Priority 49000.00 56269.78 For Second Priority

BULK WATER REQUIREMENT FOR SINDHANUR EXISTING WATER SUPPLY SCHEME

Dia of Bulk Flow Sl No. Locations Meters in (mm) - Dia 1 Design of Bulk Flow Meters From Existing Intake at Canal to Existing Jackwell 500.00

2 Design of Bulk Flow Meters From Proposed Intake @ Canal to Proposed I.R 600.00

Design of Bulk Flow Meters From Inspection Chamber to WTP'S (i.e., at Entrance 3 400.00 of Inspection Chamber)

4 Design of Bulk Flow Meters @ Entrance New W.T.P 400.00

5 Design of Bulk Flow Meters @ for Out let of old W.T.P 250.00

6 Design of Bulk Flow Meters @ for Out let of New W.T.P 300.00

7 Design of Bulk Flow Meters @ OHT of Zone -2 32.00

8 Design of Bulk Flow Meters @ OHT of Zone -3 40.00

9 Design of Bulk Flow Meters @ OHT of Zone -5 40.00

10 Design of Bulk Flow Meters @ OHT of Zone -1 40.00

11 Design of Bulk Flow Meters @ OHT of Zone -4 (Existing) 150.00

12 Design of Bulk Flow Meters @ OHT of Zone -6 (Existing) 200.00

b. Reduction of non revenue water

51. It is proposed for the replacement of 10 Kms of the existing distribution line by which the major points of leakages will be plugged. Further, after installation of flow meter the quantity wasted and the approximate location can be identified and necessary preventive action taken.

c. Land details required for the scheme

52. Land for impounding reservoir, water treatment plant and service reservoirs have been jointly identified with the Local Body and are already in possession of the ULB. Hence there is no land acquisition activity.

Table 2.3: Proposal for Water Supply system of the program Proposal Details Location 1 New Impounding Reservoir Capacity 5527 ML to cater On the west of Tungabhadra left bank Demand of 2061 canal near Turvihal village in Land of Turvihal and Kalmangi village

2 Raw water pumping main from 600 mm DI pipe of Length Refer Schematic diagram Proposed Jackwell at Impounding 1225 m is proposed reservoir to Receiving chamber.

3 Linking Raw water Gravity main 700 mm BWCCP for length of from receiving chamber to 17500 m is proposed proposed WTP.

4 Proposed WTP 10.0 MLD Near Existing WTP

5 Proposed Pumping Machinery with a) At Impounding Reservoir : Refer Schematic diagram stand by pumps for water supply Dis-234.63 Lps, Head-27.79 m system and HP-90 b) At WTP Prop: Dis-232.63 Lps, Head-60 Mt and HP-235. 6 Proposed Feeder Main 450 mm DI -760 m 400 mm DI -180 m. 300 mm DI- 780 m, 250 mm DI- 5960 m, 200 mm DI- 2620 m. 7 Proposed ELSR‘s 1) 1.0 ML, 9 m staging CA Site (zone -3) 2) 0.5 ML, 9 m Staging Mooru maili Camp(zone-2) 3) 1.00 ML, 9 m Staging, APMC premises (zone 5) 4) 1.00 ML, 9 m Staging. Glory School (Zone -1) 8 Water supply distribution network 59 Kms.(Including 10km Refer Schematic diagram replacement) 9 Proposed House hold connections 5388 No.

18. Proposal for Second Stage

53. Proposal for pumping water upto 2029 and after 2029. The proposal is to use the proposed jackwell inside the I.R for pumping raw water from I.R to the receiving chamber during Non flow period upto 2029.

54. After 2029 in order to meet the requirement to pump the water from the canal to I.R and to fill the I,R above 436.50 RL during flow period it is proposed to have suitable pumping arrangement over the jackwell during flow period. The same pumping machinery arrangements from the I.R may be used to pump to receiving chamber.It is also proposed to lay 1000mm RCC NP-3 pipe to draw water from T.B Canal to impounding reservoir upto jackwell for length of 570 Mts.

55. The capacities of Pumpsets are proposed to be enhanced and suitable pumpsets of capacity 100 HP will be replaces. The estimate cost for second stage proposal would be Rs. 146.00 Lakhs.

Map 2.3: Zoning of Proposed Water Supply System in Sindhanur CMC

WATER SUPPLY BASE MAP OF SINDHANUR TOWN N

250mmØ DI K9 Length - 3809.389mts.

Existing WTP Proposed WTP 10.00 MLD 150mmØ DI K9 Length - 584.568mts. 400mm DI K9 500mmØ PSC/6KSC Length - 760.00mts. Length-17081mts.

Existing Jackwell 450mmØ PSC/6KSC Length-703.584mts. 350mmØ DI K9 Length - 1132.228mts.

Jn-1

Jn-2

Project: NORTH KARNATAKA URBAN SECTOR INVESTMENT PROGRAMME (ADB ASSISTED) Client: KARNATAKA URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT & FINANCE CORPORATION KUIDFC Title: WATER SUPPLY BASE MAP OF SINDHANUR TOWN Consultant: SPAN CONSULTANTS Pvt. Ltd. (Member of SNC-Lavali Group) MINDMILL Corporate Tower, 4th & 5th Floor, Plot 24A, Sector 16A, Film city, NOIDA (U.P) - 201301 INDIA.

19. Existing Sewerage System

a. Sewerage and Sanitation System

56. At present there is no scientific sewage disposal system in Sindhanur town. Only about 35% of households have septic tank facilities. Remaining population is using open defecation which leads un-hygienic conditions in the town. Most of the sewage is directly disposed in to open drains without proper treatment. The town is expected good growth and the expected total population of the town by 2029 is about 134,000. The total expected sewage generation by year 2029 is 12.00 MLD. (80% of Water Supply).

b. Latrines

(i) No. of Public toilets with septic tank - 3 existing. (ii) The existing toilet (Septic tanks) does not have proper water supply facilities. (iii) No. of private septic tank 3120 - Effluent from the septic tank is let into open drains. (iv) No. of toilets under construction (Septic tanks) - 2 under construction by ULBs and 2 are approved under ISHDP.

57. Because of the lack of adequate sanitation facilities, the quality of the surface water and shallow ground water sources are affected. The impacts of human waste on public health are spread of water borne diseases, mosquito menace and other associated diseases

58. Sewerage and Sanitation component is designed to provide underground drainage (UGD) facilities for domestic wastewater (sewage) in Sindhanur CMC. The objective of sewerage and sewage treatment and disposal system is to ensure human excreta and other wastewater is properly collected and disposed off without causing any health risks or environmental problems.

59. As per the scope of the project, it is proposed to design and lay new sewers for a length of 113 kilometer. Based on the survey map various zones have been identified. The proposed sewage collection system for the project city has been designed to the extent possible by gravity flow (minimizing the no. of lift/pumping stations) based on contributing population and proportionate sewage generated in the branch lines. In order to restrict the depth of cutting to 6.00 mts, proposals are made to draw the sewage, 1 sewage pumping station (at Shiv Jyoti Nagar) and 1 lifting station (near Basaveshwara Temple). Sewage collected at each Sewage Pump Station / Lift station shall be conveyed to the next manhole, from where it shall be goes by gravity to the Sewage pumping station proposed at STP premises and from this pumping station the sewage goes to STP for treatment. The treated sewage from the treatment plant will be let into the nearby-irrigated land or nallah.

60. Based on the survey map various zones have been identified. There after the location of the sewerage treatment plant was identified. Considering the topography of the town tentative locations were selected. As seen from the contours, it can be seen that practically there is falling gradient for the southern portion of the town from North to south, from 40th distributor canal towards Gangavathi road and most of the core area of the town gradient is falling towards Sindhanur nalla, which flows from north west to east of the town. The gradient for the remaining area of town on the other side of Nalla towards Raichur Road falls from north to south towards Sindhanur nalla. Hence from the practical point of view and also on technical grounds it is suggested to have the treatment facility on right side of Udbal road towards east of the town.

61. General topography of the town is sloped from South to North (Core Area); North to South, and South to South East, in the small region of the town. The collection system has been divided into three zones based on the topography. Zone two is located in the core area where population density is high and consequent development potential is presently high.

62. The Zone 1, Zone-2 and Zone-3 are the Zones considered in the project but sever network in the Zone –I is not considered in the scope of work due to limited funds under NKUSIP and in order to cover the core area of the town. However the sewage contribution for the projected population of 2044 is considered and taken into consideration for designing the server networks. Sewage collected through the network of laterals and branch sewers shall flow by gravity towards the South to North, North East and South to North in the small region of the town.

63. Zone I: This zone is in the southern most portion of town after 40th distributor canal and covers wards 29, 30 and 31. The ground profile is sloped from North to South-east; Sewage from Zone 1 shall be conveyed by pumping to the nearest elevated manhole in the proposed zone-2 through a bell mouth chamber and from there to trunk sewer.

64. Zone II: Zone-II is located in the central part of the town and area with the ground profile sloped from south to North, towards Sindhanur Nalla. The zone covers ward No1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15 ,16,17,18,20,21,22,23,24,27 and,28 Sewage from Zone 2 shall be conveyed by gravity flow to the proposed main pumping station near to the proposed STP

65. Zone III: Zone-III is located Northern side of the town away from Sindhanur Nalla towards Raichur, Zone III with the ground profile sloped from North to South. The zone covers ward No. 19. Sewage from Zone III shall be conveyed by gravity flow to the trunk sewer and finally joins the main pumping station located on right side bank of Sindhanur nalla near to the proposed STP. From the main station the total sewage shall be pumped to proposed Sewage Treatment Plant.

Zoning of Proposed Sewerage System in Sindhanur CMC

MAP SHOWING THE ZONING OF PROPOSED SEWERAGE SYSTEM OF SINDHANUR TOWN

FIGURE-1 INDEX N ZONE BOUNDARY

WARD BOUNDARY 27

CDP BOUNDARY

25 ZONE-3 26

4 1 TRUNK SEWER

3 20 NALA 2

6 21 7

9 22 19 NALA 8 TRUNK SEWER 10 11 24 17 18 ZONE-2 14 16 WET WELL 12

P-SEWAGETREAMENT PLANT

MH 23 13 CANAL ZONE-1

15 WET WELL

PUMPING MAIN TO ZONE-2 NALA NALA NALA

66. Based on the above consideration, the site for the proposed treatment facility is finalized with an extent of 20 acres of land on right side of Udbal road. This location is about 2.0 kms from Sindhanur city. Among the various technologies it is proposed to adopt FAL technology for this project and 12.00 MLD capacity STP will be designed.

67. Sewerage network has been designed for 30 years of design period (2011-2041). The sewerage network is along the existing roads. No further difficulties in terrain and major crossings are found for the sewerage network lines. The current proposal includes the following subcomponents in the design:

Table 2.4: Proposal for sewerage system of the program Sl. No. Description of works Laying of 113 km new sewer lines including road restoration. 1. Design, supply, construction, installation, testing and commissioning of a 12.00 MLD (Intermediate) 2. Facultative aerated lagoon (F.A.L.) proper disposal system satisfying pollution standards. Wet well and pumping machinery for Sewage Pumping Station Near nala at Shiv Jyoti Nagar (43.25 3. lps) and at STP Premises (809.6 lps). Shallow depth chamber and pumping machinery for Sewage Lifting Station (809.6 lps) near 4. Basaveshwara Temple 5. House connections 9100 Nos. Source: DPR Submitted April 2011.

Table 2.5: Salient Features of Proposed Sewerage system and STP Rate of water supply 100 lpcd Sewage Flow Anticipated (80% of water supply) 80 lpcd Infiltration 4 lpcd Total anticipated flow (Intermediate stage) -2029 12.00 MLD Total anticipated flow (Ultimate stage) - 2044 18.90 MLD Length of Sewers (proposed now) 113 km

Wet well 2 Nos Pumping stations PS-1

Treatment Method (proposed) Facultative Aerated Lagoons (FAL)

Source: DPR Span April 2011. Table 2.6: Details of land proposed for SPS/SLS Sl.No. Details of SPS/ LS/ MPS Location Details and extent of land required

1. Sewage Pumping Station At Shiv Jyoti Nagar 100.0 sqm / CMC land (SPS) 2. Sewage Pumping Station In STP Premises 100.0 sqm / CMC 3 SLS near Basaveshwara Temple 100.0 sqm / Private land 4 STP On right side of Udbal road 20.0 Acre 16 gunta. Source: DPR Span April 2011.

c. Proposed STP

68. As seen from the contours, it can be seen that practically there is falling gradient for southern portion of the town from North to South from 40th distributor canal towards Gangavathi road and most of the core area of the town is falling towards Sindhanur nalla which flows from north west to east of the town. The gradient for remaining area of town on other side of Nalla towards Raichur Road falling from north to south towards Sindhanur nalla. Hence from practical point of view and also on technical grounds it is suggested to have the treatment facility on right side of Udbal road towards east of the town. Based on the above consideration, the site for the proposed treatment facility is finalized in the survey number 686, 685\A, 685\B, 685\P\ B with an extent of 20 acres of land on right side of Udbal, Road, These locations are about 1 to 2.00 kms from Sindhanur Town and is 400 m from the main pumping station proposed in the right bank of Sindhanur Nalla towards the east of the town. Among the various technologies it is proposed to adopt FAL technology for this project and 12.00 MLD capacity STP will be designed and constructed.

69. Sindhanur ULB has identified to acquire land for sewage treatment plant on right side of Udbal road. As per preliminary site examination it is found that the selected location is technically, environmentally and socially suitable for the STP. There is no environmental sensitive area nearby. The site for the proposed treatment facility is finalized in survey numbers 686, 685\A, 685\B, 685\P\ B.

70. It is observed that there is no settlement of human habitats with in the selected site. However, about 20.0 acres of land is proposed for acquisition which is sufficient for to construct 12.00 MLD STP plant with Facultative Aerated Lagoon method.

71. The environmental feasibility of the selected alternatives for the proposed Investment Program components are given below:

Table 2.7: Investment Program Alternatives Sub-Component Suitability of Selected Alternatives Sewerage System The best alternative for the sewerage system is to design the system based on Gravity flow. The proposed gravity system will be simple in operation and require less manpower. The natural gravity is utilized to run the system. 2 wet wells and 1 Lifting Station is proposed.

There are various options to treat the wastewater to the standards of either river discharge or for land disposal after treatment options like attached growth aerobic or anaerobic systems or suspended growth systems may be adopted. The availability of land for establishing a treatment plant, the cost of treatment and its operation and maintenance are prime issues considered for selecting suitable treatment options. Availability of land provides reason to adopt treatment technologies with minimal operation and maintenance cost. Based on these considerations, Facultative Aerated Lagoons are proposed for Sindhanur town.

STP site location- As seen from the contours, it can be seen that practically there is falling gradient for the southern portion of the town from North to south, from 40th distributor canal towards Gangavathi road and most of the core area of the town gradient is falling towards Sindhanur nalla, which flows from north west to east of the town. The gradient for the remaining area of town on the other side of Nalla towards Raichur Road falls from north to south towards Sindhanur nalla. Hence from the practical point of view and also on technical grounds it is suggested to have the treatment facility on right side of Udbal road towards east of the town.

Fig: 2.2 Proposed STP area

d. Facultative Aerated Lagoons (FAL)

72. Aerated lagoons are suspended growth biological treatment systems, which are generally provided in the form of simple earthen basins varying in depth from 2-5 m in which the mechanical aerators are installed on floats or fixed columns. The mechanical aerators are used to provide oxygen. Facultative aerated lagoons are those in which some solids may leave with the treated sewage stream and some settle down in the lagoon. Aeration power input is just enough for oxygenation and not for keeping all solids in suspension. As the lower part of such lagoon may be anoxic or anaerobic while the upper layers are aerobic, the term facultative is used. In general, aerated lagoons are very small (10-20%) compared to waste stabilization ponds partly because lagoons are deeper and partly because of the detention, time needed for stabilization is less. This treatment process requires less land compared to facultative ponds. The main advantages are less area of land as compared to WSP (Waste Stabilization Pond). Maintenance requirements are moderate compared to ASP (Activated Sludge process) method. This method is suitable for small to medium towns, where land is available at moderate cost. The dimension of the proposed treatment units (2 Lagoons in Parallel) will be 129 m * 60 m * 4.8 m (intermediate) and 103 m * 40 m * 4.8 m (ultimate) with water depth of 4.0 m sludge depth of 0.3 m and free board 0.5 m; inner slope 1.5:1 and outer slope 2:1; and 2 baffles. The sewage will have 5 days detention time and aeration will be done through surface aerators 5 nos. of of 25 HP for (intermediate) in each lagoon and surface aerators 5 Nos. of 25 HP in each lagoon (ultimate). Concrete weirs are planned on the incoming and outgoing bays to facilitate inlet and outlet. The overflow from outlet weir shall be discharged on to nearby irrigated land or nallah.

73. Though the treated sewage in the STP proposal meets the standards of surface water disposal, the sewage will be let into the nearby-irrigated land/Nallah after satisfying the requirements of the pollution control board. It is expected that there will be 90% reduction in BOD and COD values in this treatment method.

Table 2.8: Design Parameters of STP Parameter Unit Influent Treated CPCB Standards for sewage Inland surface water Design Flow (Intermediate) MLD 12.33 12.33 - Design Flow (Ultimate) MLD 18.90 18.90 - Biochemical Oxygen Demand Mg/l 300 <20 <20 (BOD) pH - 6.5-8.2 6.5-8.0 6.5-8.0 Total Coliforms No/100ml 107 <1000 - Detention Time 5 days - Suspended solids - - - <100 Source: DPR for Sewage Treatment.

74. There is also a provision to provide buffer zone with green plantation around the STP. The STP area will be provided with access roads, D.G. Room, lighting, etc. and the total area will be fenced and entry into the STP premises will be restricted to authorized persons only. Map 2.5 presents the layout of the proposed STP for Sindhanur CMC. The proposal does not pose any environmental risks to river water quality. The proposed project may enhance the eco- balance of nearby nallahs and water bodies.

Map 2.5: Location Map STP site

MAP SHOWING THE LOCATION OF PROPOSED-STP SITE OF SINDHANUR TOWN

FIGURE:2 INDEX P-STP SITE SURVEY NOS: 686,685 RAICHUR ROAD N 686

685

Survey Nos: Extent of Land 686 4A 19G 686 4A 20G 685/A 3A 32G 685/B 3A 32G 685/P/B 3A 33G Total 20A 16G

SINDHANUR TOWN

SINDHANUR NALA

KHUSTAGI RD

692

690 TO BUDEHAL 696 689 697 888 686 699 642 685 648 698 687 CART ROAD 688 700 684 683 CANAL 681 682 644 646 647 649 702 700 701 659 654

GANGAVATHI ROAD

Map 2.6: Proposed STP layout

20. Water Quality standards

a. Quality Standards

75. The quality standards adopted are as per WHO guidelines for drinking water quality. Physical & Chemical and Bacteriological standards shall be set to the acceptable limit as per the Tables as below:-

Recommended Guidelines for Physical and Chemical Parameters Sl. Characteristics *Acceptable **Cause for No Rejection 1 Turbidity (NTU) 1 10 2 Colour (Units of Platinum Cobalt Scale) 5 25 3 Taste and Odour Unobjectionable Objectionable 4 pH 7.0 to 8.5 <6.5 or >9.2 5 Total Dissolved solids (mg/l) 500 2000 6 Total Hardness (as CaCO3) (mg/l) 200 600 7 Chlorides (as CI) (mg/l) 200 1000 8 Sulphates (as SO4) (mg/l) 200 400 9 Fluorides (as F) (mg/l) 1.0 1.5 10 Nitrates (as NO3) (mg/l) 45 45 11 Calcium (as Ca) (mg/l) 75 200 12 Magnesiu (as Mg) (mg/l) ≤ 30 150 If there are 250 mg/l of sulphates, Mg content can be increased to a maximum of 125 mg/l with the reduction of sulfates at the rate of 1 unit per every 2.5 units of sulphates. 13 Iron (as Fe) (mg/l) 0.10 10.00 14 Manganese (as Mn) (mg/l) 0.05 0.50 15 Copper (as Cu) (mg/l) 0.05 1.50 16 Aluminium (as Al) (mg/l) 0.03 0.20 17 Alkalinity (mg/l) 200 600 18 Residual Chlorine (mg/l) 0.20 >1.0 19 Zinc (as Zn) (mg/l) 5.00 15.00 20 Phenolic Compounds (as Phenol) (mg/l) 0.001 0.002 21 Anionic Detergents (mg/l) (as MBAS) 0.20 1.00 22 Mineral Oil (mg/l) 0.01 003 23 Arsenic (as As) (mg/l) 0.01 0.05 24 Cadmium (as Cd) (mg/l) 0.01 0.01 25 Chromium (as hexavalent Cr) (mg/l) 0.05 0.05 26 Cyanides (as CN) (mg/l) 0.05 0.05 27 Lead (as Pb) (mg/l) 0.05 0.05 28 Selenium (as Se) (mg/l) 0.01 0.01 29 Mercury (total as Hg) (mg/l) 0.001 0.001 30 Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) (mg/l) 0.20 0.20 31 Pesticides (total, mg/l) Absent Refer to WHO guidelines for Drinking water quality Vol.I - 1993

RADIO ACTIVITY+ 32 Gross Alpha Activity (Bq/l) 0.10 0.10 33 Gross Beta Activity (Bq/l) 1.00 1.00

NOTES The figures indicated under the column ‗Acceptable‘ are the limits up to which water is generally acceptable to the consumers.

Figures in excess of those mentioned under ‗Acceptable‘ render the water not acceptable, but still may be tolerated in the absence of an alternative and bet ter source but up to the limits indicated under column ―Cause for Rejection‖ above which the sources will have to be rejected. It is possible that some mine and spring waters may exceed these radio activity limits and in such cases it is necessary to analysis the individual radio-nuclides in order to assess the acceptability or otherwise for public consumption.

Bacteriological Quality of Drinking Water Organisms Guideline Value All Water intended for drinking E.Coli or thermo tolerant b, c Must not be detectable in any 100-ml sample coli form bacteria Treated water entering the distribution system E.Coli or thermo tolerant Must not be detectable in any 100-ml sample b coli form bacteria Total coli form bacteria Treated water entering the distribution system E.Coli or thermo tolerant b Must not be detectable in any 100-ml sample coli form bacteria

Total Coli form bacteria Must not be detectable in any 100-ml sample. In case of large supplies, where sufficient samples are examined, must not be present 95% of sample taken throughout any 12 months period. Source: WHO guidelines for Drinking Water Quality Vol. I – 1993. (i) Immediate investigative action must be taken if either E.Coli or total coli form bacteria are detected. The minimum action in the case of total coli form bacteria is repeat sampling, if these bacteria are detected in the repeat sample, the cause must be determined by immediate further investigation.

(ii) Although E.Coli is the more precise indicator of faecal pollution, the count of thermo tolerant coli form bacteria is an acceptable alternative. If necessary, proper confirmatory test must be carried out. T otal coli form bacteria are no t acceptable indicators of the sanitary quality of rural water supplies, particularly in tropical areas where many bacteria of no sanitary significance occur in almost all untreated supplies.

(iii) It is recognized that, in the great majority of rural water supplies in developing countries, faecal contamination is widespread. U nder these conditions, the national surveillance agency should set medium term targets for progressive improvement of water supplies, as recommended in volume 3 of WHO guidelines for drinking water quality 1993.

(iv) No definite virological standards are set or recommended for routine use of drinking water. However, it will be ensured that the quality of drinking water is free of human enter a viruses to ensure negligible risk of transmitting viral infection. Raw water source shall be selected to ensure negligible risk of transmitting viral infection. Raw water source shall be selected such that it is free of faecal contamination as far as possible and adequate treatment will be provided to raw water to reduce enter viruses to a ne gligible level as recommended in WHO guidelines for drinking water quality. R ecommended treatments for different water sources to produce water with high negligible virus risk are mentioned below, 31

RECOMMENDED TREATMENT FOR DIFFERENT WATER SOURCES TO PRODUCE WATER WITH NEGLIGIBLE VIRUS RISK Type of Source Recommended Treatment Ground water Protected, deep wells; essentially free of faecal Disinfection contamination Unprotected shallow wells; faecally Filtration and Disinfection contaminated Surface Water Protected, impounded upland water, essentially Disinfection free of faecal contamination Unprotected impounded water or upland river, Filtration and Disinfection faecal contamination

Unprotected lowland rivers; faecal Pre-disinfection or Storage, Filtration, Disinfection contamination Unprotected watershed; heavy faecal Pre-disinfection or Storage, Filtration, Disinfection contamination Unprotected watershed; gross faecal Not recommended for Drinking Water Supply contamination Source: WHO guidelines for Drinking Water Quality – 1993.

(i) For all sources, the medium value of turbidity before terminal disinfection must not exceed 1 nephlometric turbidity unit (NTU) and must not exceed 2 NTU in single sample

(ii) Terminal disinfection must produce a residual concentration of free chlorine of ≥ 0.5 mg/litre after at least 30 minutes of contact in water at pH < 8.0, or must be shown to be an equivalent disinfection process in terms of the degree of enter virus inactivation (> 99.99%)

76. Filtration must be either slow sand filtration or rapid filtration (sand dual, or mixed media) proceeded by adequate coagulation-flocculation (with sedimentation or floatation). Diatomaceous earth filtration or filtration process demonstrated to be equivalent for virus reduction can also be used. The degree of virus reduction must be >90%.

2.6.3 Proposed schedule for implementation

77. Implementation of the program is scheduled to be within a period of 6 years (FY 2009-10 to FY 2015-16) as directed by KUIDFC. Program works to be completed during this period include strict scheduling, monitoring and implementation on site.

2.6.4 Investment Program Alternatives

78. The environmental feasibility/suitability of proposed components of the Investment Program has been studied based on the location and process/technology for the components. The interaction and the level of interference with the surrounding land use pattern determine the environmental sustainability of the Investment Program components. However, the investment Program components are mostly location specific. The scope for study on alternatives will be only with reference to technology adopted, which is also limited. A variety of technologies is available for STPs. Based on the environmental feasibility a suitable technology has been proposed for the STP. The ultimate design period is 2041.

2.6.5 Investment Program Benefits

79. Urbanization in India was the main driving force behind the rapid economic growth experienced in the country. However rapid urbanization combined with the gross under- investment in urban infrastructures has resulted in serious environmental and health problems in urban areas. Urban households across India, particularly the poor and disenfranchised, continue to have limited access to potable water, sanitation, drainage and solid waste disposal facilities. While from the onset of the 8th Plan, the priority is to develop urban infrastructure and provide essential municipal services to reduce urban poverty incidence and to prevent further environmental degradation, the sector shows large inefficiencies in service delivery, inadequate investments to expand service coverage and lack of asset maintenance.

80. The present project proposed under NKUSIP is intended to make up for these shortcomings in the selected slums. The proposals are intended to deliver and improve the delivery of water supply, drains, and paved roads in the slums selected. This in tandem with the general improvements under taken by the KUWS&DB and Slum Clearance Board would definitely improve the environment, health and sense of satisfaction in the slums where works are proposed.

81. Inadequacy and lack of basic infrastructure facilities to the communities of Sindhanur ULB; and their adverse impacts on the environment, human health and socio-economic status can be overcome by safe, adequate and proper water supply, underground sewerage system/sanitation facilities, urban drainage, etc. which will be provided by NKUSIP. The Investment Program benefits are listed below:

1. Improvements for Both Water Supply and Sewerage System

82. Following are some of the water supply and sewerage system improvement benefits to the beneficiaries:

(i) Provision of drinking water with Sewage system facilities (ii) Avoidance of water pollution at low-lying area (iii) Avoidance of regular choking of pipe lines and drains (iv) Avoidance of impact of flood in low-lying areas (v) Protection of the water ecosystem (vi) Reduction in risks of ground water contamination (vii) Blockage of sewage flow in open storm water drains and from stagnating sewage pools (viii) Reduced risk of treated water supply contamination (ix) Reduced risk of water-borne diseases and mosquito menace (x) Reduced health risk of agricultural laborers due to use of raw sewage for irrigation (xi) Reduced risk of contamination of agricultural fields (xii) Availability of treated waste water (sewage) for agricultural purposes (xiii) Healthy and hygienic Environment (xiv) Improvement in public health quality with better sanitation

III. ENVIRONMENTAL DESCRIPTION

A. Environmental Profile of Sindhanur

1. Introduction

83. Sindhanur, the second largest urban center in Raichur District, is located at a distance of 390 km from State capital, Bangalore and 87 km from District headquarter Raichur. The town is the taluk headquarters of the Sindhanur Taluk in Raichur District. The Town Municipal Council‘s jurisdiction extends up to an area of 25.55 Sq.km with 8,806 households and 61,292 populations within 31 wards. It is one of the important educational, industrial and commercial trade centres of the District. The agricultural development around the town is extensive due to the presence of the Tungabhadra irrigation canal. Owing to the irrigation facilities, agro based industries are also growing at faster rate in and around the town. In addition to this, many small scale steel industries exist in the town.

2. Physiography

84. The whole area of Sindhanur is sloping towards Northern side. Sindhanur nalla is running in the middle of the town. The surface soil is composed of murrum soil and black soil mixed with granite boulders. The main minerals in the district are gold, copper, iron, feldspar granite, sandstone, quartz, limestone etc.

3. Seismology

85. As per the seismic zoning map of India, the Sindhanur town falls under the Zone II, which is the lowest earth quake risk zone in India. This zone is termed as ―low damage risk zone‖.

4. Climatic Conditions

86. The town is categorized as arid region of the state of Karnataka. The climate of the town is characterized by dry weather during the major parts of the year and very hot in summer temperatures are experienced during the months of March to May when mercury level goes as high as 41.10 C.

87. The town receives southwest monsoon during the period of June to September and the months of October and November can be termed as post monsoon period. The period between Decembers to February can be classified as cold season and the minimum temperature is around 17.7 0 C. The town lies in the dry tract of the district, as such experience scanty rainfall. The average annual rainfall is about 600 mm. The rainfall is mostly received during June to November and about 60 percent of the annual rainfall is received during the months of June to September, maximum rainfall is registered during the month of August.

Table 3.1: Mean Maximum and Mean Minimum Temperature (in o C) Month Long term normal (30 Years) – Mean 2004 (Actual) – Mean

Daily Max Daily Min Highest in a month Lowest in a month Max daily Min Daily

Jan 31.7 20.3 31.4 14.2 31.4 16.9

Feb 33.6 19.6 35.7 15.9 35.9 19.2

Mar 35.4 22.3 37.8 18.1 39.7 21.8

April 38.8 23.5 41.4 21.8 39.5 26.0

May 39.1 25.8 41.1 21.6 37.3 24.9

June 34.7 25.2 36.4.0 20.4 34.5 24.5

July 35.3 24.4 34.7 21.9 33.5 23.7

Aug 31.3 22.5 34.0 20.7 31.7 24.3

Sep 30.7 23.0 33.9 19.6 32.2 21.5

Oct 30.5 22.3 33.00 19.4 32.1 22.3

Nov 30.2 20.6 32.7 18.2 -- --

Dec 29.7 17.2 31.9 14.4 -- --

Source: Meteorological Centre, Bangalore.

Table 3.2: Climatological Characteristics of Sindhanur Month Long term normal (30 Years) – Mean 2004 – Actual

RH Max RH Min Wind Total Mean RH Mean RH Total Speed Rainfall 0830 Hrs 1730 Hrs Rainfall

% % Kmph Mm % % Mm

Jan 72 38 4.9 0.4 69 39 0.0

Feb 60 31 5.6 0.7 53 31 0.0

Mar 53 27 5.9 3.3 48 25 0.0

April 56 30 6.7 25.4 57 35 71.0 May 64 37 10.3 63 71 47 34.0

June 71 53 13.4 52.2 70 53 40.0 July 76 62 14.1 55.6 71 55 1.8 Aug 76 61 13.5 50.7 67 54 0.7 Sep 77 57 11.1 124.4 77 61 60.0

Oct 75 56 5.6 109.8 77 63 5.0 Nov 72 50 4.8 30 ------Dec 74 45 4.4 13.7 ------

Source: Meteorological Centre, Bangalore.

Table: 3.3 Demography of the Sindhanur town

Particular Details Geographical area 25.55 Sq. km

District Raichur

Grade of Municipality Grade-II Initial year of functioning 2007 Number of wards (2007) 31 Total population (2001) 61,292 Number of house holds (2001) 8,806 Number of Slum /households / population (2007) 19 / 7623 / 31083 Sex Ratio (2001) 840

Literacy Rate in %(2001) 67.42%

Source: DPR (Detail Project Report).

5. Sex Ratio

88. The average sex ratio is 677 females per 1000 males in slums, with a standard deviation of 30.31, showing large variation among sample Households.

6. Household Size

89. An average household size of 5.2 in Sindhanur slums, with a standard deviation of 1.63 for the sample households. This figure is much lower than the average household size of in authorized slums in Sindhanur as per Census 2001.

7. Literacy rate

90. Literacy levels in Sindhanur slums are low, with 28 percent female literacy among the sample slum population, which is lower than male literacy at 72 percent. Total literacy level of 53 percent for sample slum households was lower than the Census 2001 figure) for Sindhanur Town. Education concern about 88 % male and 55 % female children in the age group of 6-14 has enrolment in primary schools.

Table 3.4: Percentage distribution of slum population by age and education Illiterate Primary Secondary Graduate Age Group M F M F M F M F 0-6 Years 2.5 1 - 2.5 - - - -

6-14 Years 0.5 2.5 8.5 3.8 3 2 - -

14-25Years 6.5 6 8.7 1,5 5 3.5 - -

25-60Years 11 15 7.8 1.2 9 3.5 1 -

>6 0Years - 1 - - - 1.5 - - Source: DPR (Detail Project report). 91. The reasons for high dropout rates in poor households in developing countries have been studied at length (generally attributed to the trade off between incomes versus education)

8. Air Quality

92. Sindhanur is known for one of the important sector in paddy field. In Sindhanur agriculture is the main source for their livelihood due to presence of water in huge quantity, industries like saw mills exist in this town. There are no any major industries present in Sindhanur which resulted generation of air pollutant in the atmosphere in maximum limit, air quality in this town experienced well within the permissible limit and do not have any adverse effect on environment.

9. Historic and Cultural Places

93. The District of Raichur was part of Hyderabad State till the reorganization of states on 15th November 1956. The recorded history of the district is traced as far as third century BC. The fact that three minor rock edicts of Ashoka are found in this district, one at Maski in Lingasugur Taluk and other two near Sindhanur prove that, this area was included in the dominion of the great Mouryan King Ashoka (273 236 BC). During the period this region was under the Governance of Viceroy or Mahamantri of Ashoka. The next dynasty of importance, which ruled over this region, was that of the Chalukyas of Badami. Later Chalukyas of Kalyana ruled this region for a significant period between 10th and 12th centuries AD. After the fall of Chalukyas, Raichur region passed into the hands of the Kalachudi Kings. Legend says that, Vijayanagar King Krishnadevaraya had created the town between 1509 and 1520 A.D. Later the Sultan of Bijapur, Hyder Ali of Mysore, Nizam of Hyderabad and the British ruled this region. Subsequently, the town becomes part of the Madras Presidency in British India.

10. Flora and Fauna

94. There are no forest areas in and around the town and there are no sensitive environmental features such as National Parks, Wetlands, and Biosphere Reserves in the Bellary District. No endangered/protected species of either flora or fauna are found in the town and their surroundings.

B. Environmental Settings for Program Components – Sewerage system and STP

95. Sewer Lines: There is no densely built up areas in Sindhanur town. The city limit is well developed and there are no environmental hotspots along the proposed areas. There is no any prohibited area from where sewer line is passing through. Hence the project does not require consent from ASI.

96. STP Site: The location of the sewage treatment plant is selected based on the topography to provide for gravity flow till the disposal point. The town has a predominant slope from South to North and turn to East portion towards of the town. Hence from practical point of view and also on technical grounds it is suggested to have the treatment facility on the West side of the town and near. Practically there is falling gradient for the southern portion of the town from North to south, from 40th distributor canal towards Gangavathi road and most of the core area of the town gradient is falling towards Sindhanur nalla, which flows from north west to east of the town. The gradient for the remaining area of town on the other side of Nalla towards Raichur Road falls from north to south towards Sindhanur nalla. Hence from the practical point of view and also on technical grounds it is suggested to have the treatment facility on right side of Udbal road towards east of the town. This location is about 1-2 kms from Sindhanur city.

97. Among the various technologies, it is proposed to adopt Facultative Aerated Lagoons (F.A.L) technology for this project and 12.00 MLD Capacity (intermediate) and 18.90 MLD Capacity (ultimate) STP will be designed and constructed, with the land availability of 20.0 acres. (i) Required land is available for the purpose of establishing STP in this location (on left side of Udbal Road) (ii) The city has a predominant slope from North to South. (iii) The surface soil is composed of murrum soil and black soil mixed with granite boulders. The main minerals in the district are gold, copper, iron, feldspar granite, sandstone, quartz, limestone etc.

IV. SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

A. Introduction

98. Urban development projects may cause negative impacts upon environment in many different ways. The objective of this section is to identify those negative impacts that are contextually possible in the project under consideration and to suggest the required mitigation measures. The impacts anticipated from the proposed program may be on Physical, Biological, Socio-economical and Cultural environment. Nevertheless, it must be kept in mind that the impacts of project activities are not always negative, it may be positive as well. The attempt should be to minimize the negative impacts by applying necessary mitigation measures and to maximize the positive impacts. Based on the severity and extent of impacts, the impacts may be classified as high, medium and low. Care has been taken also to identify the prospects of positive impacts and of the measures that are likely to enhance the quality of the given environment. The environmental impacts of the Investment Program Components can be categorized into location impacts, design impacts, construction impacts and operation impacts.

B. Location Impacts

99. The environmental impacts associated with site selection and those involve loss / damage and / or encroachment of environmentally sensitive areas or archeological / cultural / historical / paleontaological sites / monuments, etc. It also includes impacts on people their livelihood or properties or any other related structures. The impacts may be direct or indirect on such environments/people by the developmental programs. No significant impacts can arise due to project location as the sites involving improvements in the Program components does not pass through / near any environmentally sensitive areas or any cultural/historical areas, etc.

C. Design Impacts

100. These are impacts due to Investment Program design including technology, scale of operation/throughput, waste production, discharge specifications, pollution sources and ancillary services. These may arise due to design interference with other utilities in the same tranche, are considered to be of short duration and of negligible significance.

D. Construction Impacts

101. Several types of short term/temporary negative impacts upon environment may happen during construction phase of the project, primarily due to negligent practices. Construction impacts include impacts caused by site clearing, earthworks, machinery, vehicles and workers.

E. Operation and Maintenance (O & M) Impacts

102. Operation and Maintenance (O & M) impacts include impacts arising from the operation and maintenance activities of the infrastructure facility provided. They are routine management of operational waste flow; occupational health and safety aspects.

Table 4.1: Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures of Sewerage system for the Sindhanur ULB Potential Significance & Mitigation Measures Implementa Preliminary Negative Duration of tion Costing Impacts the Impact Responsibi lity Location impacts Contamination of This may not Synthetic (plastic) base liner – geo-membrane PC N/a groundwater be significant liner (HDPE) shall be used in STP to prevent resources due to as the ground water infiltration. leaching of proposed STP wastewater from is not in a flood STP. prone area and groundwater table is deep at around 16m to 30m. Loss of amenity STP is located Development of physical separation and visual ULB Part of Design and odor at ≈ 3 km from screen around the facility will address this costs nuisance to the city. Future impact. A buffer zone in the form of neighbors. expansion of landscaping and earthwork shall be created town may be around the STP. considered.

Design Impacts Ground water The treated Synthetic (plastic) base liner – geo-membrane ULB Part of Design infiltration sewage may be liner (HDPE) shall be used in STP to prevent costs used for ground water infiltration. Pollution of the irrigation. The sewage retention period shall be fixed agricultural fields However, this considering seasonal climatic variations. The may be due to may not be STP system shall be properly maintained to discharge of significant, as ensure the efficiency of the treatment and no partially treated treatment will industrial waste/hazardous waste/treated sewage be designed to sewage gets discharged to sewer lines. The meet inland effluent from the STP shall be confirmed to the surface water following standards of discharge for inland discharge surface water disposal: standards, which is BOD < 20 mg/l stringer than Suspended solids < 100 mg/l irrigation pH 6.5-8.0 standards. Impacts on UGD pipes will be placed 1.5 m below water ULB Part of Design 39

Potential Significance & Mitigation Measures Implementa Preliminary Negative Duration of tion Costing Impacts the Impact Responsibi lity existing utilities supply pipelines. Hence, there will be no costs such as water contamination of potable water. supply pipes and contamination of potable water Nuisance due to Storm water drains have been provided all ULB Part of Design leakage / along lagoons to avoid overflowing/over costs overflowing / flooding/leakage of STP and untreated over flooding of sewage during storms or heavy rains. sewers. Overflowing storm water shall be let into nallah.

Regular maintenance will nullify the impact. Usage of appropriate maintenance equipment would substantially reduce the maintenance time. Nuisance due to STP is located Development of physical separation and visual ULB Part of Design mosquito at ≈ 3km from screen around the facility will also address this costs breeding and bad the city. impact. A buffer zone in the form of odors from STP. Considering the landscaping and earthwork shall be created future around the STP. To avoid/reduce mosquito expansion of breeding, the banks of ponds shall be kept the town, clear of grasses bushes, etc. mitigation measure may be required. Pollution due to Quantity of Safe sludge handling methods shall be ULB Part of O & M improper sludge sludge employed. costs disposal generation will Preparation of methods. Sludge not be Personal protection equipment such as sludge removal from the considerable. gloves, boots, shall be provided to the management ponds may be Contaminated workers. Sludge shall be dried in lagoons itself plan done once for work area may before its disposal in to agricultural areas. every 7 years, cause health Training for sanitation staff will be provided on depending on the hazards. safe handling of chlorination techniques. sludge A sludge management plan is given in Table generation. 4.3. Surface & Conduct bacteriological tests to ensure safety ULB Part of O & M groundwater of effluent costs pollution with nitrate, phosphate, etc. due to discharge of treated effluent to nallah Discharge of Treated wastewater will be sold to farmers for treated irrigation wastewater into Aquaculture to be introduced if water ponding drains which systems are developed. could be used for ponding systems Construction Impacts A. Sewage Treatment Plant Waste soil due to Waste soil shall be beneficially used in excavation construction, land raising and infilling of excavated areas

Potential Significance & Mitigation Measures Implementa Preliminary Negative Duration of tion Costing Impacts the Impact Responsibi lity Dust and noise Sewer network Construction material shall be stockpiled. Contractor Part of from construction will be laid all Adequate arrangements for traffic diversions construction of STP. over the town including erection of proper signboards. cost including high- Dust generation shall be arrested by water density areas. spraying. It shall be ensured to use only standard equipment to reduce the noise As the nuisance. Equipment shall comply with the proposed STP noise levels of construction equipment laid out is located about by the CPCB. High noise generating activities 3 kms away including material unloading shall be avoided from the city, as during nights. The surrounding people shall be far as laying of informed of nature and schedule of the high sewer network noise generating activities, if any. is considered, the dust and noise nuisance may be considerable in the core town A construction site management plan shall be area and in all prepared. Poor performance of the contractor other areas it may potentially exacerbate these impacts and may be therefore qualified contractors to be negligible. appointed. The contracted work includes the implementation of construction site management plan, which will address these issues. Dust due to Soil shall be removed as soon as it is Contractor Part of stockpiled soil in excavated construction windy weather cost Dust due to soil Tarpaulins shall be used to cover dry soil Contractor Part of transportation when carried on trucks construction cost Collection of rain Excavation shall be conducted in the dry Contractor Part of and ground water season construction in excavated Groundwater will be pumped out & provided to cost areas farmers for irrigation Removal of some Trees will be removed only if it cannot be Contractor Part of trees from the avoided. construction site Two trees shall be planted and maintained for cost every tree if removed

Traffic Proper planning of routes shall be done to Contractor Part of disturbance by avoid narrow local roads construction lorries carrying cost waste soil Transportation will be scheduled to avoid peak traffic periods

Economic Contractor should employ at least 50% of Contractor Part of benefits if local workforce from communities in vicinity of STP construction people are site. cost employed in Contractor‘s workforce B. Sewerage Network and Trunk Sewer 41

Potential Significance & Mitigation Measures Implementa Preliminary Negative Duration of tion Costing Impacts the Impact Responsibi lity Waste soil due to As above: Waste soil shall be beneficially Contractor Part of trenching used in construction, land raising and infilling construction of excavated areas cost

Waste soil may As above: Waste soil shall be removed as Contractor Part of create dust when soon as it is excavated construction stored or cost transported As above: Soil shall be covered with tarpaulins on trucks

Stored soil shall be covered or damped down in dry weather

Damage other Location of infrastructure shall be confirmed Contractor Part of infrastructure due before the commencement of trenching work construction to trenching or these sites shall be avoided cost

Water and sewer pipes on opposite sides of roads shall be located.

Disturbance to Sub-projects shall be integrated to conduct Contractor Part of road users or trenching at same time construction public due to cost repeated trenching Inconvenience to The access for During construction period, planks / makeshift Contractor Part of access business, business and pathways shall be provided along the construction residential and other facilities construction areas for the public to access cost. other immediate along the their requirements for residential, shopping facilities for the proposed and other facilities. public and impact sewer lining on livelihood areas will be (shop disturbed owners/keepers) during due to loss of construction access to period. business.

Provision of planks is required to maintain access business. Business and homes must be given prior notice. If there are temporary impacts on incomes, then compensation procedures must be followed as per Resettlement framework.

Potential Significance & Mitigation Measures Implementa Preliminary Negative Duration of tion Costing Impacts the Impact Responsibi lity Will compensate any business losses as per the Resettlement Framework. Spaces shall be left for access between mounds of soil. Planks shall be provided to allow people & vehicles to cross trench. Workforce shall be i ncreased in these areas to finish work quickly. Shopkeepers will be informed of work in advance

Inconvenience to Reduced Construction shall be ex pedited in the least Contractor Part of public during pedestrian and time frame. Construction trenching and vehicle access Costs laying of sewer to residences Activities requiring maximum access control lines/ pipes along and businesses shall be done during non-peak hours. thick commercial areas and narrow streets; where public facilities are located. Excavation along the road shall be done in such a w ay that entire stretch will not be trenched at a time.

Traffic management with diversion through alternate routes will be i mplemented by providing adequate signboards.

Nuisance due to Dust generation Construction material shall be stockpiled to Contractor Part of dust and noise; may be minimize traffic blockages. In case of construction road blocking significant as excavations for sewer lines in busy streets costs due to laying of the dry weather such as central areas of the town (market sewer network; condition area, old town area), adequate arrangements and, increased prevails in the for traffic diversion including prior intimation traffic flow due to town. and by erecting proper signboard shall be vehicle provided. movement for construction activities.

Considering the market and dense residential areas in the core town area, preparation of construction site management plan is necessary. 43

Potential Significance & Mitigation Measures Implementa Preliminary Negative Duration of tion Costing Impacts the Impact Responsibi lity Poor performance of the contractor may potentially exacerbate these impacts and therefore qualified contractors to be appointed. The contracted work includes the implementation of construction site management plan, which will address these issues. Traffic The proposed Construction material shall be stockpiled to Contractor Part of disturbance and network will be minimize traffic blockages. construction road blocking laid in the costs due to laying of presently sewer network unserved fringe Poor performance of the contractor may and vehicle and extension potentially exacerbate these impacts and movement for areas. As therefore qualified contractors to be construction these areas are appointed. The contracted work includes the activities; not densely implementation of construction site inconvenience to populated management plan, which will address these the local areas the issues. community. impacts due to construction activities may not be Traffic significant. disturbance due Work shall be planned with town authorities. to lack of space Traffic Work shall be carried out when traffic is light. caused by Management It will be ensured that police provide traffic placing/dumping Plan for the diversions whenever necessary. Workforce of soil on road construction shall be increased to finish this work quickly. and/or if sewers phase has to have to be be prepared for located in the rerouting and road itself avoiding slow movement of vehicles. Traffic Routes shall be planned to avoid narrow Contractor Part of disturbance and streets, congested roads, important/fragile Construction vibration due to buildings, key religious & tourism sites. Work Cost. trucks removing shall be planned to avoid peak traffic, main waste and may tourism season. cause damage to fragile buildings Dust and noise Due to dry The practices such as spraying of water to Contractor Part of from construction climatic arrest dust shall be employed. All equipments Construction activities. condition the used in construction activities shall comply Cost. . Impact on air dust generation with CPCB noise emission norms. quality due to may be Waste soil shall be removed quickly, Part of dust from waste considerable. stockpiles shall be covered with tarpaulins construction soil and imported Major noise and/or water shall be sprinkled to avoid dust cost sand generating pollution. Sand shall be brought (for backfill) to activities such site when needed. as rock blasting and use of heavy noise generating equipment are not envisaged. Improper Bituminous waste shall be disposed in Contractor Part of disposal of approved waste disposal sites. construction

Potential Significance & Mitigation Measures Implementa Preliminary Negative Duration of tion Costing Impacts the Impact Responsibi lity Bituminous costs waste Improper Excess soil shall be d isposed in low laying Contractor Part of handling of areas other than water bodies Construction excess soil Cost. On site accident A site Health and Safety Plan shall be Contractor Part of risks for workers prepared by contractor and implemented that Construction and the public includes measures to: Cost. Exclude the public from all construction sites; Ensure that workers use Personal Protective Equipment; Provide Health & Safety training for all personnel; Follow documented procedures for all site activities; and Keep accident reports and records Economic As above: Employment shall be pr ovided to Contractor Part of benefits if local locals particularly affected persons identified Construction people are in Resettlement Plans-50% of workforce from Cost. employed in affected communities Contractor‘s workforce O & M Impacts Human health Sewer leaks shall be detected and r epaired ULB Part of O & M risks and rapidly and effectively costs contamination of soil and groundwater due to leaking sewers Nuisance due to No major water The suggested mitigation measures shall be ULB Part of O & M overflowing/choki bodies and implemented to avoid chocking. costs ng of sewers. ground water is Sewer cleaning equipments shall be provided. very deep. However, nuisance shall be considered. Impact on Spaces shall be left for access ULB Part of O & M business income between mounds of soil. costs if customer‘s Planks shall be provided to allow access is people & vehicles to cross trench. impeded by Workforce shall be i ncreased in network repair these areas to finish work quickly. works Shopkeepers will be informed of work in advance

System failure Alternative power supply by generator for ULB Part of O & M due to pumps will be provided at STP and s ewage costs lack/shortage of pumping stations. power supply Discharge of Treatment Part of O&M hazardous process in the The rules and regulation will be s trictly KSPCB and Cost materials into downstream implemented to avoid mixing of industrial ULB 45

Potential Significance & Mitigation Measures Implementa Preliminary Negative Duration of tion Costing Impacts the Impact Responsibi lity sewers, resulting will be waste stream/hazardous waste with sewage in in damage to significantly sewer system. sewer system affected and danger to workers Health risk to the sewer Mixing of workers due to Industrial Waste toxic effluent water with and gases sewage Odour nuisance STP is located Buffer zone in the form of landscaping and ULB Part of O & M due to STP at 3000 m from earthwork will be created and well maintained costs This impact may the city. Future around the site. be considered as expansion of negligible due to town may be location of plant considered. site and proposed buffer provision Potential As the STP is The following effluent discharge standards for ULB N/a. pollution of designed for stream discharge will be ensured: stream/agricultur stream al fields due to discharge BOD < 20 mg/l - inadequate standards, the Suspended solids < 100 mg/l treatment. impact may be pH 6.5-8.0 minimal. However, overloading of STP may exaggerate these problems. Pollution and Quantity of For cleaning of sewers one Jet Roding ULB Part of O & M health hazards sludge machine with adequate capacity will be costs due to improper generation will procured. The sludge, silt, etc. extracted sludge disposal not be manually during cleaning, de-weeding and de- methods considerable. silting of sewers/drain/manholes by sanitary Contaminated workers will be transported through mini trucks work area may immediately and disposed off in approved cause health landfill site or solid waste management sites. hazards.

Safe sludge handling methods shall be employed - Personal protection equipment such as gloves, boots, shall be provided. Sludge shall be dried in lagoon itself before its disposal. This sludge may be used as manure for non- food crops or landfill purpose. Sludge Management Plan (Table 4.3) shall be implemented.

Potential Significance & Mitigation Measures Implementa Preliminary Negative Duration of tion Costing Impacts the Impact Responsibi lity Sludge removal Sludge will be dried and tested for absence of ULB Part of O & M from treatment bacteria and pathogens costs ponds once in every 7 years Dried sludge will be sold to farmers to fertilize land Chlorine handling Chlorine contact tank has been proposed with ULB Part of and safety of a contact time of 30 min. Hypochlorate Construction workers solution will be used as disinfectant. and Operation Cost.

Personal protection equipment such as gloves, boots, shall be provided. Immediate and proper medical attention shall be provided at emergency.

Economic STP workers should be residents of ULB Part of O & M benefits to local neighboring areas costs people by project Discharge of Periodic monitoring of treated effluent will be ULB Part of O & M insufficiently carried out. costs treated wastewater to water

A water quality testing laboratory will be provided.

Health & Safety H&S Plan shall be prepared and operated with Part of O & M risks of workers same measures as used in construction phase costs and the public during repair work ULB

Table 4.2: Sludge Management Plan

Quantity Duration Method Treatment Storage Disposal Safety measures of sludge of of Method generated Collection collection tonnes Once in 7 Manually Sludge is No storage. Sludge will be Workers safety must be years by dried in Dried and disposed as considered. scrapping lagoon collected sludge manure to itself will be disposed nearby Safe sludge handling soon after the agricultural methods shall be removal lands or to land employed - Personal fill sites. protection equipment such as gloves; boots, etc. shall be provided. Sludge handling workers must be provided with regular free medical checkup facilities.

Table 4.3: Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures of Water Supply in Sindhanur ULB Impact Description Significance of the Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary Impact Responsibility Costing

Location and Design impacts

Since the location of N/a. N/a. N/a. N/a. rehabilitation work will be at existing facilities, and the existing environment is a built environment, no design-specific impacts are envisaged. The increase in Improved sanitation facilities ULB/Design N/a water supply will to accommodate increase in Consultant increase wastewater water use including levels. household latrines, public toilets, and sludge drying beds

Improved sanitation system ULB/Design N/a to accommodate increased Consultant water supply including new Increased waste toilets, septic tank cleaning water caused by the service, and sludge drying increase in water beds supply

Pollution and health Safe sludge handling Sindhanur CMC Part of risks due to methods shall be employed - O & M improper handling WTP sludge may contain Personal protection costs and disposal of harmful substances. equipment such as gloves, Preparation of sludge from water boots, shall be provided. sludge treatment plants management Sludge shall be dried in plan drying beds before its (time: 1 disposal. This sludge may be person week) used for land filling

Sludge management plan shall be prepared.

Construction Impacts

. Planks / makeshift Head Preparation Impacts to livelihood pathways shall be Contractor/ and The laying of water line provided along the CMC implementation will disturb the day to day construction areas Sindhanur of site activities of public such as for the public to management shops, residence and also access their plan. leads to un safety condition requirements for to them. residential, Head shopping and other Contractor/CMC facilities. . While laying water line through narrow streets and thick commercial Part of establishments, the construction work will be planned costs to complete in short duration and care will be taken to avoid excavation of the entire road stretch in these areas. . Construction shall be expedited in the least time frame . Activities requiring maximum access control shall be done during non peak hours . Excavation along the road shall be done in such a way that entire stretch will not be trenched at a time. . Traffic management with diversion through alternate routes will be implemented by providing adequate sign boards. . Trenching and pipe laying along the traffic routes will be planned and integrated to avoid retrenching / modifying trench during pipe laying along the same lane. . Advanced notice shall be given prior to works.

Road blocking due . Construction to laying of water Proposed network will be material shall be supply network and laid in the presently stockpiled to increased traffic flow unserved fringe and minimize traffic due to vehicle extension areas. As blockages. movement for these areas are not . Poor performance construction densely populated of the contractor activities; impacts due to may potentially inconvenience to the construction activities exacerbate these local community. may not be significant. impacts and therefore qualified contractors to be appointed. The contracted work includes the implementation of construction site management plan, which will address these issues. 51

Dust and noise from Head Part of construction Due to dry climatic . Frequent water Contractor/CMC construction activities. condition sprinkling program costs will undertake to suppress the dust.

. Ensure usage of standard equipment to reduce the noise nuisance. Equipment shall comply with the noise levels of construction equipment laid out by the CPCB. High noise generating activities including material unloading shall be avoided during nights. The surrounding people shall be informed, especially in densely populated area, of nature and schedule of the high noise generating activities, if any.

Impact Description Significance of the Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary Impact Responsibility Costing Dust generation may be considerable. No major noise generating activities envisaged.

Operation Impacts

Sindhanur CMC Included in Recurrence of The existing system The leak detection and water the blockage and losses are around auditing surveys shall be Investment leakage problems. 40 %. conducted. The leak Program restoration time shall be cost minimized.

Sindhanur Part of Pollution and health Implement the mitigation CMC. O & M risks due to measures as in the Sludge costs improper handling Management Plan. and disposal of sludge from WTP

Contractor Part of Economic benefits if Contractor will employ at Construction local people are least 50% of workforce from Cost. employed in local communities. Contractor‘s workforce

V. PUBLIC CONSULTATION & INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

103. To achieve the public consultation requirements of the Asian Development Bank, the PC undertook extensive field visits and held detailed discussions with the public, Government Departments such as Urban Development Board, Public Works Department, Pollution Control Board, Karnataka Urban Water Supply and Sewerage Board, etc. and CMC officials. Focus group discussions were involved in Public consultation. Ample opportunities were ensured for the public to participate in the design process of all the project components.

104. A socioeconomic and perception survey was conducted to provide a baseline for assessment of perceptions of residents on the environment. Baseline information was collected by public consultation to ascertain opinions on significant environmental conditions/features within the project area with reference to project components and the merit or its rehabilitation.

105. During field visits, CMC officials (including the commissioner) and local people (farmers, businessmen, and Govt. officials, so on) were consulted to evaluate the present situation of the project area environment and to establish necessary mitigation measures for the project components. These consultations have given insight into the concerns and requirements of CMC officials and publics with relation to implementation of program components within the CMC area. These contacts provided an opportunity for the local community to involve in the initial stages of the project activities.

106. Overall, Public opinion was that the implementation of the project components within the CMC limits should be carried out without any delay, but should include proper operation and maintenance, environmental mitigation measures particularly, with reference to sewerage and sanitation, improvement of the public health and the quality of life for the local communities. 53

Date District No. of participants 20-04-2010 Sindhanur 10 21-04-2010 15

Table 5.1 Public Comments & Mitigation measures SI No. Comments from local public Proposed mitigation (A) Sewer line & Water Supply works The public expressed their concern regarding Dust generation shall be a rrested by the disturbance in public activities due to water spraying. construction works such as generation of dust, Ensure usage of standard equipment to noise due to construction machineries, traffic reduce the noise nuisance. Equipment diversion, and breakage of existing services. shall comply with the noise levels of construction equipment laid out by the CPCB. High noise generating activities including material unloading shall be avoided during nights. The surrounding people shall be informed, especially in densely populated area, of nature and schedule of the high noise generating activities, if any. Adequate arrangements for traffic diversions including erection of proper sign boards. Highly Qualified contractor will be engaged to execute the work in proper way and s pecific conditions shall be imposed in the contract to take safety measures. (B) Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) At STP site, public expresses their concern Development of physical separation and regarding the generation of bad odor, visual screen around the facility will also mosquito nuisance during the operation of address this impact. A buffer zone in the STP and also requested to officials taking care form of landscaping and earthwork shall and ensuring minimizing these impact. be created around the STP. To avoid/reduce mosquito breeding, the banks of ponds shall be kept clear of grasses bushes, etc. Sludge removal from the ponds may be done once for every 7 years, depending on the sludge generation. Safe sludge handling methods shall be employed. Apart from this, it will be ensured to minimize the environmental impacts due to construction of STP by following proper methods/ mitigation measures.

107. Public demanded for advance notice before construction and proper warning signs along the construction area to avoid accidents and inconvenience. It was demanded for a strong operation and maintains ace system in place for their proposed sewer network for its best functioning to have the maximum health and aesthetic benefits.

A. Grievance Redressal Mechanisms

108. A Grievance Redressal Committee (GRC) will be formed to ensure that grievances are addressed in a timely manner, facilitating timely project implementation. The GRC will comprise

54 representatives from APs (ensuring representation of vulnerable households), local government/ Sindhanur ULB, Investment Program Officials – Deputy Project Directors of NKUSIP, and NGOs/ community based organizations (CBOs). The GRC will redress grievances at the local- level in a consultative manner and with the participation of the affected households, or their representatives. GRC meetings will be convened as necessary to address complaints as they arise. The time and date of GRC meetings will be announced to APs by the implementing NGO and RO a week in advance. To further ensure GRC accessibility to APs, the implementing NGO and RO will inform APs on grievance redressal procedures, the functions of the GRC, and how to access the GRC. The first level of screening of grievances shall be undertaken by the implementing NGO and the GRC. The GRC determine the merit of each grievance and attempt to resolve the same within a month from the date of lodging of complaints, failing which the grievance shall be addressed to the Deputy Commissioner (DC). The GRC shall forward grievances of serious nature immediately on receipt of complaint to the DC. The DC will hear appeals against the decisions of GRC. The decision of DC is final and cannot be contested in any other forum except in the Court of Law. All costs incurred in resolving the complaints will be borne by the Sindhanur ULB in Raichur district

VI. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLANS

A. Institutional Requirements

109. The institutional requirements for the proposed Investment Program are briefed in the following paragraphs.

Nodal Executing Agency (EA)

110. Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development & Finance Corporation (KUIDFC) is the nodal executing agency (EA) responsible for implementing NKUSIP. Investment Program implementation activities will be monitored by KUIDFC through a separate Investment Program Management Unit (IPMU), which will be set-up within KUIDFC. The Managing Director/KUIDFC will head the IPMU and will be assisted by an Executive Director to oversee the Investment Program progress. A team of senior technical, administrative and financial officials will assist the Executive Director in controlling and monitoring project implementation activities. KUIDFC will establish IPMU offices at four locations (in Bellary, Dharwad, Belgaum and Gulbarga) in the Investment Program area. All Investment Program decisions will be made by the Executive Director who shall operate from the IPMU, Dharwad; only interactions with GoK, GoI and ADB shall be conducted through the KUIDFC office at Bangalore.

State level Empowered Committee

111. A state level empowered committee for investment program has been constituted with representatives from GoK and PMU of KUIDFC. The Executive Director from Dharwad will be reporting to this committee as and when required.

Implementing Agency (IA)

112. The ultimate implementation responsibility lies with ULB in co-ordination with various other Departments of GoK. The program components will be implemented by ULB reporting to Divisional Program Director. Implementation Agencies (IA) will oversee sub-project component implementation at the sub-project towns, where the Investment Program ULB will implement sub-project components. The investment Program Consultants (PC) will assist the Investment 55

Program ULB in all of its responsible implementation activities and carry proof check of designs and quality check of construction activities.

113. Other than the above institutional set up, District Level Program Steering Committee will be set up in each district to monitor implementation of Sub-projects and institutional reforms. The organization hierarchy is presented in Fig. 5.1.

Figure 6.1: NKUSIP Implementing Organization Hierarchy

114. The responsibility fulfilling environmental requirements of GoI/GoK and conducting required level of environmental assessment as per ADB guidelines lies with the borrowing ULB. The investment Program Consultants (PC) will assist the Investment Program ULB in this regard. The IEE/EIA reports prepared by ULB will be reviewed by the PMU as per the ADB Environmental Guidelines and forwarded to ADB for review and approval. In case of IEE reports, the ADB could delegate approval of IEE reports fully to the PMU after reviewing the first two reports. However, all the EIA reports shall be sent to ADB for approval.

115. The mitigation measures identified through IEE/EIA-EMP are incorporated into the Investment Program cycle. Mitigation measures, which are implemented by the contractor, shall form part of the bidding and civil contract documents. The other mitigation measures are undertaken by the ULB itself or in assistance with Investment Program Consultants as specified in the IEE.

Table 6.1: Institutional Roles and Responsibilities Investment Activity Particulars Responsible Program Agency Phase Design Investment Program Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) / Initial Sindhanur ULB Phase categorization Environmental Examination (IEE) for each subcomponents as per ADB Guidelines Review of REA/IEE and categorization of Investment PMU Program (NKUSIP) as A/B/C as per ADB Guidelines Environmental Carrying out IEE/EIA study based on the Investment Investment Assessment (EA) Program categorization Program Study Carrying out Public consultation and Information Consultants disclosure Preparation of SIEE/EIA Report Investment Program Fulfilling GoK/GoI requirement such as clearances from ULB clearances concerned Govt. Agencies Review of IEE/ EIA Review of IEE/EIA and SIEE/SEIA reports to ensure PMU compliance of the report as per ADB Guidelines and approval of the same Disclosure of Information disclosure – SEIA/SIEE Reports to be made ULB SEIA/SIEE available to the public and on request IEE/EIA also to be made available. Incorporation of Incorporation of necessary mitigation measures Investment mitigation measures identified in IEE/EIA in Investment Program design and Program into Investment in contract documents Consultants Program design Review of design Review of design documents and contractual PMU documents documents for compliance of mitigation measures Construction Implementation of Implementation of necessary mitigation measures given Contractor Phase mitigation measures in IEE/EIA Report Environmental Environmental monitoring as specified in Monitoring Investment Monitoring Plan during Construction Phase and monitoring of Program implementation of mitigation measures Consultants Preparation of Preparation of monthly progress reports to be submitted ULB in assistance Progress Reports to PMU including a section on implementation of of Program mitigation measures Consultants (PC) Operation Environmental Carrying out environmental monitoring as specified in ULB Stage Monitoring Monitoring Plan Compliance Compliance Monitoring to review the environmental KSPCB Monitoring performance of sub-project, if required and as specified in Monitoring Plan

Training Requirements 116. Program Consultants (PC) will be responsible for providing training to officials of PMU, ULB, Contractors and NGOs. PMU will be involved in the monitoring of Investment Program implementation whereas the ULB will implement the Investment program. The implementation of mitigation measures specified in IEE report is part of contractor‘s responsibilities during construction. However, the responsibility lies on both contractor and supervisory staff to monitor the incorporation of mitigation measures in the Investment Program. Hence, considering the existing capabilities of the agencies involved in NKUSIP, the training program is very much essential for all the Investment Program officials. The table (Table 5.2) presents the suggested training program:

Table 6.2: Training Requirements (2009-2016) Program Particulars Schedule Participants Program - 1 Orientation Program – 2 days PMU officials Orientation Investment Program Cycle of NKUSIP involved in the Program/ ADB‘s Safeguards Policy Statements,2009 EIA Investment Program Workshop for requirements of NKUSIP Implementing National (Indian) Environmental Laws and ULB officials involved and Executing Regulations relating to urban infrastructure in the Investment Agencies Investment Program Program Environmental impacts of urban infrastructure implementation Investment Programs

Environmental Assessment Process – Investment Program categorization as per ADB IEE/EIA process, Formats and Reports Identification of Environmental Impacts Identification of Mitigation Measures Formulation of Environmental Management Plan Implementation and Monitoring Summary EIA/IEEs Incorporation of mitigation measures in the Investment Program Design and Contracts Program - 2 Implementation of Mitigation Measures 1 day Contractors involved Orientation Environment issues related to urban in NKUSIP Program/ infrastructure Investment Programs during Supervisory staff Workshop for construction involved in NKUSIP Contractors and Implementation of mitigation measures Supervisory Monitoring of mitigation measures Staff Program – 3 Experiences/Best Practices in the Investment 1day-every PMU officials Experience Program- alternative year ULB officials sharing Experiences during implementation of mitigation from the Local NGOs measures of environmental concern in the commencement Investment Program of Investment Best practices followed during implementation program

B. Environmental Management Plans

117. Management is an essential and an integral part of the implementation of the proposed environmental mitigation measures. Environmental monitoring generates useful information and improves the quality of implementation of mitigation measures. Environmental Management Plans for sewerage system for the entire Sindhanur ULB for Sewerage and Sanitation component and Water Supply component are given in Table 5.3 and Table 5.4 respectively. This IEE and EMP are updated as per detailed design and any design changes. Occupational health risks and safety plan for workers are given in Table 5.5 and annual cost estimate is provided in Table 5.6. Monitoring reports shall be made quarterly to the PMU and annually to ADB.

Table 6.3: Environmental Management Plan for Sewerage System Mitigation Location Monitoring Method Monitoring Mitigation/ Activities/Measures & Frequency Monitoring Parameters to be Responsibility monitored Design/Location Stage Monitoring Check for Construction N.A. Verification of contract One-off inspection PMU related impacts and documents before signing of mitigation measures- the contract

Incorporation of mitigation measures into the bidding and civil contract documents All designs of components include proper consideration of One time before environment (i.e., water - Proposed designs of DSC final design phase and air quality, noise pollution, sludge management) Design of occupational One time before - Proposed designs of DSC safety measures final design phase As needed before Training programs for -- -- and during staff by consultants implementation Gas monitoring for Sewer pipes Gas monitoring in the Monthly once as ULB with the sewage pipes - Adequate and Manholes sewerage network part of Plant assistance of monitoring of gas may not operation Program be possible due to distant consultants manhole spacing. Manhole shall be designed considering worker/s safety.

All location and design Incorporation of mitigation One-off inspection PMU/ULB/PC related mitigation N.A. measures in the design of designs measures to mitigate loss including air dispersion of amenity and nuisance; modeling for STP site. and sludge disposal. Appropriate design of Checking/Verification of process and layout is Investment program Design required. documents Disposal of treated STP Site observation; farmer Monthly ULB wastewater – Sale of survey treated wastewater to farmers for irrigation and

Usage of treated waste water for ponding systems for aquaculture Construction Stage Monitoring All construction related N.A. Incorporation of mitigation One-off inspection PMU mitigation measures; measures in the contract of contract documents document Construction site management plan to Verification of contract control dust and noise documents before signing nuisance, and road blocks the contract

Mitigation Location Monitoring Method Monitoring Mitigation/ Activities/Measures & Frequency Monitoring Parameters to be Responsibility monitored Implementation of Sewer laying Monitoring of air quality and Weekly Contractor and Construction site sites and noise is not required. The ULB with the management plan: dust surroundings implementation of assistance of and noise nuisance at site; mitigation measures (usage Investment and traffic maintenance of standard equipment Program complying with CPCB consultants Noise Standards for construction equipments) and assessment of the situation through visual inspection and interviews with local people shall be ensured.

Beneficial usage of waste All sites Site observations; CC Monthly Contractor/ soil (construction, land records PMU/ULB/PC raising, infill) Waste soil removal as All sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ soon as it is excavated PMU/ULB/PC Usage of tarpaulins to All sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ cover soil when PMU/ULB/PC transported on trucks Avoidance of narrow local From STP Observations off site; CC Weekly Contractor/ roads when transporting record PMU/ULB/PC soil Avoidance of transporting From STP Observations on and off Weekly Contractor/ soil during peak traffic site PMU/ULB/PC periods Coverage or damping Inhabited areas Site observations Weekly Contractor/ down stockpiled soil in dry PMU/ULB/PC weather Conduction of all All sites Site observations Monthly Contractor/ excavation work in the dry PMU/ULB/PC season Pumping groundwater STP site Site observations; farmer Monthly Contractor/ from excavated areas and survey PMU/ULB/PC provide to farmers Leaving spaces for access Network sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ between mounds of soil PMU/ULB/PC Provision for Network sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ planks/walkways to allow PMU/ULB/PC people & vehicles to cross open trenches Removal of trees only if it All sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ cannot be avoided PMU/ULB/PC Plantation and All sites Observations on/off site; Monthly Contractor/ maintenance of two trees CC records PMU/ULB/PC for every one removed *Compensation for Where required Shopkeeper survey; LSGD As needed Contractor/ businesses for lost income record PMU/ULB/PC Increase of workforce in Network sites Site observations; CC Monthly Contractor/ inhabited areas to finish records PMU/ULB/PC work quickly Advance information to Network sites Resident surveys; CC Monthly Contractor/ shopkeepers and records PMU/ULB/PC residents of work Confirmation of location of Network sites Site observation; design Monthly Contractor/

Mitigation Location Monitoring Method Monitoring Mitigation/ Activities/Measures & Frequency Monitoring Parameters to be Responsibility monitored infrastructure and avoid reports PMU/ULB/PC these sites Location of water and Network sites Site observation; design Monthly Contractor/ sewer pipes on opposite reports PMU/ULB/PC sides of roads Integration of Sub-projects Network sites Site observation; design Monthly Contractor/ to conduct trenching at reports PMU/ULB/PC same time Work conduction during Network sites Site observations; CC Monthly Contractor/ light traffic records PMU/ULB/PC Ensuring that police Network sites Site observations; CC Monthly Contractor/ provide traffic diversions records PMU/ULB/PC when required Proper planning for Network sites Observations off site: CC Weekly Contractor/ transport routes to avoid record PMU/ULB/PC narrow streets, important or fragile buildings, religious and tourism sites Proper planning of work to Network sites Site observations; CC Monthly Contractor/ avoid peak traffic and records PMU/ULB/PC main festival/tourism season Avoidance of using Network sites Site observations; CC Weekly Contractor/ pneumatic drills near records PMU/ULB/PC buildings at risk from vibration Usage of modern vehicles All sites Site observations; CC Monthly Contractor/ and machinery and proper records PMU/ULB/PC maintenance as specified Consultation with Network sites Site observations; CC Monthly Contractor/ authorities, custodians of records; resident surveys PMU/ULB/PC buildings, communities to address key issues and avoid working at sensitive times

Preparation and All sites Site observations; CC Monthly Contractor/ implementation of a site records PMU/ULB/PC H&S Plan (safety of workers/public) Exclusion of public from All sites Site observations; CC Monthly Contractor/ the site records PMU/ULB/PC Ensuring that workers All sites Site observations; CC Monthly Contractor/ wear Personal Protective records PMU/ULB/PC Equipment Provision for Health and All sites CC records; worker Monthly Contractor/ Safety training for all interviews PMU/ULB/PC personnel Following of documented All sites Site observations; CC Monthly Contractor/ procedures for all site records PMU/ULB/PC activities Maintenance of accident All sites CC records Monthly Contractor/ reports and records PMU/ULB/PC Employ at least 50% of All sites CC records; worker Monthly Contractor/ workforce from interviews PMU/ULB/PC communities near sites Operation Stage

Mitigation Location Monitoring Method Monitoring Mitigation/ Activities/Measures & Frequency Monitoring Parameters to be Responsibility monitored Monitoring Clogging of drains Sewer network Proper maintenance with Monthly once as ULB sites periodical cleaning or part of Plant scrapping of drains or de- operation silting/de-weeding, etc. Potential for gas explosion Sewer pipes Gas monitoring in the Monthly once as ULB in Pipes – gas monitoring sewerage network part of Plant operation Odor emission control at STP and Sewer Proper operation and Regular/routine – ULB STP and S ewerage network Maintenance of the daily maintenance System Sewerage and STP system.

Frequent flushing or scraping. Solid separation; keeping solid stockpiles dry and preferably covered or compost them. Lagoon type; aerobic lagoons produce less odor than anaerobic lagoons. Lagoon covers. Windbreaks to reduce airflow across lagoons.

Buffer zone in the form of landscaping and earthwork shall be created and well maintained around the STP site. Check for contamination of - - ULB ground water /agricultural fields due t o discharge of untreated/partially treated Analysis of Wastewater (STP treated) sewage characteristics including Monthly once as Inlet of STP heavy metals such as part of Plant i) Influent wastewater Mercury (as Hg), Lead (as operation quality Pb), Cadmium (as Cd), Chromium (as Cr), Zinc (as Zn) and Nickel (as Ni) ii) Treated wastewater Outlet of STP Analysis of treated ULB quality at outlet discharge wastewater characteristics Seasonal (four point of STP to comply with PCB seasons) as third disposal standards: party monitoring BOD < 20mg/l pH – 6.5 –8.0 SS < 100mg/l Implementation of Sludge N.A. Health check up for STP Yearly once ULB Management Plan - Check staff for health hazards due t o sludge handling

Health status of STP staff involved in sludge

Mitigation Location Monitoring Method Monitoring Mitigation/ Activities/Measures & Frequency Monitoring Parameters to be Responsibility monitored handling Emergency plan for Pumping Under emergency Whenever there is ULB Power supply Station and situations such as power power (regular management to minimize STP failure in the pumping supply) failure risks on the receiving stations, diesel operated waters generators (KVA) have been proposed. In case of failure of generators, the sewage collected in the well will be pumped using diesel pump sets, conveyed by truck and properly disposed into the STP. In case of failure of screens, the sewage will be bypassed to the wet well. In STP also, generator has been provided to tackle the power problem. Approval from KSPCB will be obtained. Detection and repairing of Network sites Site observation; Monthly ULB sewer leaks rapidly and resident survey effectively Sale of dried inert sludge STP Site observation; farmer Monthly ULB to farmers to fertilize land survey Advance information of Network sites Resident surveys Monthly ULB work to shopkeepers and residents Provision of Network sites Site observation; resident Monthly ULB walkways/planks for public survey and vehicles Requesting police to divert Network sites Site observations Monthly ULB traffic if necessary Avoidance of usage of Network sites Site observations Monthly ULB drills or heavy vehicles near fragile buildings Completion of work quickly Network sites Site observations; OMC Monthly ULB in sensitive areas records Consultation with Network sites Site observation; resident Monthly ULB communities to avoid survey working during sensitive periods Preparation and operation All sites Site observations; OMC Monthly ULB of H&S plan to protect records workers and citizens Economic benefits to local STP Employer record; worker Monthly ULB people-STP workers survey should be residents of neighbouring areas Survey of chemical and STP Water quality Monthly for 5 years ULB bacteriological quality of sampling/analysis STP effluent Bacteriological surveys of STP Bacterial sampling/analysis Monthly for 5 years ULB dried STP sludge Survey of public health Sindhanur City Hospital records; resident Annual for 6 years ULB

Mitigation Location Monitoring Method Monitoring Mitigation/ Activities/Measures & Frequency Monitoring Parameters to be Responsibility monitored and incidence of water surveys borne disease

Table 6.4: Environmental Management Plan for Water Supply System Mitigation Parameters to be Location Measurement Frequency Responsibility Measures Monitored

Preconstruction Stage All related Incorporation of N/a. Verification of One-off IPMU mitigation mitigation contract verification measures. The measures in the documents before measures are to contract signing the mitigate the documents contract following (i) sludge N/a. IPMU related impacts (ii) Sludge Verification of plan One-off construction management inspection Constructionrelated im pacts plan Stagesuch as dust Monitoring of air Weekly CMC nuisance Dust nuisance At the quality is not Sindhanur All construction distribution required. Ensure with The related network and the assistance of Mitigation transmission implementation of Investment measures: main mitigation Program construction site replacement sites measures such as Consultants management plan spraying of water; to control the dust assess the and noise nuisance, situation through and road blocks. visual inspection and interviews N/a with local people. IPMU CMC Implementation of Incorporation of at the water One-off Bellary with Construction site mitigation Laying sites and Verification of inspection of the management plan measures in the surroundings. Contract Contract assistance of providing access to contract Documents Document Investment businesses during documents before signing the weekly Program pipe lying, etc. Dust and noise contract Consultants (i) noise & dust nuisance and Monitoring of air nuisance at site, disturbance to quality and noise (ii)Traffic Maintain traffic is not required. ace Ensure the implementation of mitigation measures (usage Operation stage of standard equipment complying with Check for Effectiveness of N/a CPPercCeBn tage of Yearly twice CMC blockage and leak water losses (once during Sindhanur leakage problems; detection and normal reducing the water water auditing in season and losses reducing the once during losses lean season)

Implementation of Health status of N/a Health check for Yearly once ULB the Sludge WTP WTP staff Management Plan staff involved in - Check for health sludge handling hazards due to sludge handling.

Table 6.5: Occupational Health Risks and Safety Plan for workers Components Location Activities Health Safety Monitoring Responsibility Risks Measures I. Construction Stage Sewer Trenching and Respiratory Providing Daily Contractor, lines laying of sewer problems personal inspection PMU and ULB Sewerage laying lines due to dust, protective throughout and Water sites, and Improper accidents equipments construction Supply STP site management due to traffic such as stage. System of equipments / problems helmet, mask, Monthly machines and stock boots, gloves, inspection of piling and etc. accident Transportation causing Traffic reports and of construction injuries or Management complaints materials to death and register and from sites Construction site access control Providing first aid and safety training to construction staff Removal of excess or waste materials immediately from the site after completion of the work and wetting of the area Following documented procedures for all site activities Maintenance of accident reports and records

II. Operation Stage

Components Location Activities Health Safety Monitoring Responsibility Risks Measures Sewerage Sewer Repair work Eye irritation, Providing Monthly ULB system Network and de-silting Respiratory personal inspection of sites, problems protective operation and Water and skin equipments maintenance Supply problems such as mask, records network such as boots, gloves, sites and allergy and etc. STP Unit Sewer cleaning injuries Immediate – sewage medical mixed with attention and hazardous first aid materials and industrial waste Treating First aid and ground water awareness contamination training to staff Gas monitoring Respiratory in sewer pipes problems – allergy, nausea, asphyxia, etc. STP Chlorine Eye irritation, Storage of Monthly ULB & WTP handling Respiratory chemicals in a inspection of Sites problems- cool, dry, well- operation and allergy, ventilated area maintenance nausea, in tightly records asphyxia, sealed Monthly etc. and skin containers health check- Handling of problems Training to up for workers chemicals operators for Maintenance other than safe handling of accident Chlorine of chemicals reports

Sludge Installation of and records handling safety showers and eye wash units/stations near all chlorine using units/areas Immediate medical attention – first aid, at emergency NOTE: An O&M Manual will be prepared after construction of the treatment plant is completed. The O&M Manual will describe plant operations in each phase of the project with appropriate revisions for each. The Sludge Management Plan will be included in the O&M Manual.

Table 6.6: Annual environmental cost estimate Sl. No. Item Cost (Rs.) Sewerage & Sanitation Monitoring during Operation Phase 1 Water quality testing 10,000 2 Sewage/ waste water quality testing 60,000 3 Treated sewage testing at outlet point 20,000 4 Gas monitoring in the sewerage network 10,000

Training cost 1 Program 1 3,000 2 Program 2 3,000 3 Program 3 2,000 Other 1 Group Discussions 2,000 2 Health checkups for workers 50,000 TOTAL 1,60,000 Water Supply Monitoring during Operation Phase 1 Water quality testing/sludge testing 10,000 Training cost 1 Program 1 3,000 2 Program 2 3,000 3 Program 3 2,000 Other 1 Group Discussions 2,000 2 Health checkups for workers 10,000 TOTAL 30,000 Grand Total 1,90,000 Amount in Figures: Rupees One lacs Ninety thousand only

VII. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

A. Findings

118. The proposed Investment Program components have less significant (direct/indirect) environmental impacts. Water supply rehabilitation component has no significant environmental issues and required mitigation measures have been suggested for the component during construction and operation phases. Sewerage system improvement for the entire ULB with Sewage Treatment Plant component has certain environmental issues such as sludge handling and disposal and required mitigation measures during construction and operation phases have been provided. The overall potential environmental impacts of the Program components can be overcome by adopting suggested mitigation measures. The implementation of the proposed Investment program will create many beneficial impacts on Physical, Biological and Socio- economic environment. The nature of the proposed project component, being community upgrading, will fundamentally improve the overall urban environment. The overall environmental benefits will outweigh any localized negative impacts.

119. As described above, most impacts are relevant to typical construction and operation. The important sets of mitigation measures, which are relevant to the component, include preparation of activity plans using appropriate mitigation measures identified in the earlier sections. These activity plans include:

(i) Construction Site Management Plan (to address construction impacts); (ii) Sludge Management and Disposal Plan (to address sludge handling and disposal impacts at the WTP & STP). (iii) Occupational Safety Plan (to address the health related impacts)

120. These activity plans should be prepared by the Investment Program Consultants as a compendium of the relevant mitigation measures identified in earlier section. They should form part of the contractual arrangements with construction contractors, or directly implemented by the CMC as facility operator, as required ‗Work Practices‘.

B. Recommendations

121. It is recommended that the PMU should be involved in monitoring the implementation of those components that are critical to acceptable environmental performance of the component. Owing to the location of proposed facilities and geographical setting of the town/region as a whole, no major impacts envisaged from the proposed subcomponents project in Sindhanur. In addition to the construction stage impacts, most of the impacts are typical of operation of sub- component project. In view of this importance, the PMO is delegated with the monitoring responsibility of the design stage to ensure the environmental sustainability of the NKUSIP. Monitoring parameters have been identified for ensuring the environmental benign operation of the Investment Program.

VIII. CONCLUSIONS

122. The Investment program emphasizes the importance of conducting an IEE to identify environmental considerations during project component - site identification, design, and feasibility analysis. The findings and recommendations enriched the engineering designs to incorporate simple mitigation measures such as dust suppression, timing of heavy equipment operation to avoid disturbances due to noise, proper handling of domestic wastewater and its re-use for irrigation purposes, and traditional construction practices that overlook these mundane impacts. The IEE also pointed out the need to revise the engineering designs to avoid adverse environmental impacts, reducing potential risk of erosion and groundwater contamination, among others.

123. The proposed Investment Program is beneficial to the environment and the society. The project falls under the Category B of ADB's Guidelines. From this IEE, it can be understood that this Investment Program is of small-scale and does not cause any significant adverse environmental impacts and so a full scale EIA is not required. It is recommended that project can be implemented with proper mitigation measures to protect the environment and also NOCs and Environmental Clearance has been obtained. This IEE with the recommended institutional requirement and environmental monitoring plan becomes the completed EIA. This IEE for the proposed Investment Program meets all the required environmental criteria for subproject selection in EARP. Present status of the project study recommends only IEE for proposed project components. Therefore, no separate EIA is required.

APPENDIX 1: RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (REA) CHECK LIST

SEWAGE TREATMENT

Instructions: This checklist is to be prepared to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form that is to be prepared and submitted to the Chief Compliance Officer of the Regional and Sustainable Development Department.

This checklist is to be completed with the assistance of an Environment Specialist in a Regional Department.

This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB checklists and handbooks on (i) involuntary resettlement, (ii) indigenous peoples planning, (iii) poverty reduction, (iv) participation and (v) gender and development.

Answer the questions assuming the ―without mitigation‖ case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the ―remarks‖ section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

Country/Project Title: India/North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program Sector Division: Urban Development – Package IV – Sindhanur CMC

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No Remarks A. Project Siting Is the project area Densely populated? Heavy with development activities? Adjacent to or within any environmentally sensitive areas? • Cultural heritage site • Protected Area • Wetland • Mangrove • Estuarine • Buffer zone of protected area • Special area for protecting biodiversity • Bay B. Potential Environmental Impacts

Will the Project cause… Impairment of historical / cultural monuments No damage to any of the cultural/religious / areas and loss / damage to these sites? sensitive areas. The proposed activities are away between 100-300m from the temples Interference with other utilities and blocking of During the construction of UGD lines traffic access to buildings; nuisance to neighboring and human activities may be t emporarily areas due to noise, smell, and i nflux of affected with pollution caused by dust and insects, rodents, etc.? noise generation due to construction machineries. Traffic Management Plan with proper signboards, sprinkling of water for dust suppression, stocking of construction materials away from the densely built up areas have been suggested. Dislocation or involuntary resettlement of No human settlement in the vicinity of the people? proposed STP site. So, there is no resettlement of people. Impairment of downstream water quality due The discharged system is designed to meet to inadequate sewage treatment or release of the discharge norms of Inland surface water

70 untreated sewage? as suggested by Central Pollution Control Board. It is suggested that STP system should be properly maintained to ensure the efficiency of treatment and no i ndustrial waste/effluents should discharge to sewer lines, which will affect treatment. Overflows and f looding of neighboring Periodic maintenance of sewer lines has properties with raw sewage? been suggested in the EMP to avoid overflowing and f looding of neighboring properties. Environmental pollution due to inadequate It is suggested in EMP that sludge disposal sludge disposal or industrial waste has to be carried out once in 7 years. Sludge discharges illegally disposed in sewers? has to be disposed in pre-identified disposal sites to avoid surface water and soil pollution. It is suggested in EMP that the Sindhanur CMC has to ensure that no industrial effluent will illegally get discharged into the sewer lines. Noise and vibration due to blasting and other It is suggested in EMP that all construction civil works? machineries used will comply with the noise standards as suggested by CPCB. Discharge of hazardous materials into As suggested in EMP Sindhanur CMC has to sewers, resulting in damage to sewer system ensure that no hazardous waste will be and danger to workers? illegally discharged into sewer lines. Inadequate buffer zone around pumping and Buffer zone with screens and landscaping is treatment plants to alleviate noise and ot her suggested to provide proper shielding such possible nuisances, and protect facilities? that STP operation will not have nuisance to surroundings.

Social conflict between construction workers The local labor force will be utilized by the from other areas and community workers? contractor for construction activities and hence, there is no possibility for social conflict regarding employment opportunities during construction phase. Road blocking and temporary flooding due to Avoidance of road blocking and rerouting of land excavation during the rainy season? traffic are required during construction stage of sewer lines. Temporary flooding is not anticipated as there is no deep excavation or filling of low laying area envisaged in the report. Noise and dust from construction activities? It is suggested in EMP that all construction machineries used will comply with the noise standards as suggested by CPCB. Dust suppression must be done by sprinkling of water. Traffic disturbances due to construction Traffic management with rerouting of traffic material transport and wastes? during construction period is required to avoid conflict of public transport with construction material / waste transport. Temporary silt runoff due to construction? The construction of waste water will be channeled such that it will have sufficient time to settle the solids and d o not deteriorate the water quality of discharging courses. Hazards to public health due to overflow Regular maintenance of sewer lines has to flooding, and groundwater pollution due to be carried out to avoid overflow of sewer failure of sewerage system? lines and r elated impacts on public health due to pollution. There is no possibility for ground water pollution due t o failure in sewerage system as the ground water table is sufficiently deep 71

Deterioration of water quality due to Sludge from the bottom of FAL has to be inadequate sludge disposal or direct removed at regular intervals (normally once discharge of untreated sewage water? in 7 years) to avoid re-suspension in the treated water and t hereby deteriorating treated water quality. Direct discharge of untreated sewage water is not anticipated. Sludge shall be disposed to farmers for agricultural purpose i.e. to increase soil fertility. Contamination of surface and ground waters Sludge should be disposed off only in pre- due to sludge disposal on land? identified disposal sites. The sludge disposal areas should be properly lined with geo- synthetic lining such that it will not leach the near-by water courses/land and pollute the environment. Health and safety hazards to workers from Mixing of hazardous/industrial effluents with toxic gases and hazardous materials which sewage may result in toxic gas formation in maybe contained in sewage and sludge? sewer and STP, which should be av oided through proper law and enforcement. The sewer cleaning and STP workers should be provided with protective boots, masks, etc. to avoid exposure to pathogens in sewage and sludge and t hey should be provided with periodic health check-up facilities.

APPENDIX 2: RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (REA) CHECK LIST

WATER SUPPLY

Instru ctions: This checklist is to be prepared to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form that is to be prepared and submitted to the Chief Compliance Officer of the Regional and Sustainable Development Department.

This checklist is to be completed with the assistance of an Environment Specialist in a Regional Department.

Answer the questions assuming the ―without mitigation‖ case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the ―remarks‖ section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

Country/Project Title: India/North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program Sector Division: Package IV – Bellary – Sindhanur CMC

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No Remarks A. Project Siting Is the project area… Densely populated? Heavy with development activities? Adjacent to or within any environmentally sensitive areas? • Cultural heritage site • Protected Area • Wetland • Mangrove • Estuarine • Buffer zone of protected area • Special area for protecting biodiversity • Bay B. Potential Environmental Impacts Will the Project cause… Pollution of raw water supply from upstream Pollution of raw water supply from upstream wastewater discharge from communities, wastewater discharge is not expected. However, industries, agriculture, and soil erosion runoff? pollution due to soil erosion runoff is anticipated, as the canal is mainly intended for the agricultural purpose. Impairment of historical / cultural monuments / areas and loss / damage to these sites? Hazard of land subsidence caused by There is no ground water exploitation for proposed excessive ground water pumping? water supply improvement scheme. Social conflicts arising from displacement of There is no l and acquisition proposal. Hence no communities? resettlement of people required for project implementation. Hence, no social conflicts expected with reference to dislocation / displacement. Conflicts in abstraction of raw water for water The proposal includes only drawl of surplus water supply with other beneficial water uses for from Tungabhadra left bank Canal to an surface and ground waters? impounding reservoir during monsoon. Therefore, there will be no possibility of reduction in availability of water in the canal for any other uses 73

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No Remarks throughout the year. Unsatisfactory raw water supply (e.g. Does not arise. excessive pathogens or mineral constituents)? Delivery of unsafe water to distribution Additional WTP is proposed hence there will be no system? unsafe water in the distribution network. Inadequate protection of intake works or wells, The existing intake & Jack well is in good leading to pollution of water supply? condition. Therefore, there is no possibility for pollution due to inadequate protection of intake works/wells. But one new jack well is proposed in Moka Scheme with protection arrangement. Over pumping of ground water, leading to There is no ground water exploitation for proposed salinization and ground subsidence? water supply improvements. Excessive algal growth in storage reservoir? All the ELSRs are covered, so there will be no growth of algal. Regular cleaning of existing reservoirs will be ensured by Sindhanur CMC to avoid excessive algal growth. Increase in production of sewage beyond Water supply improvement proposed for this capabilities of community facilities? project will be taken note for the implement to existing sewerage (STPs of capacity 15 & 30 MLD) system which is under implementation by KUIDFC Board. Inadequate disposal of sludge from water Regular sludge removal from water treatment treatment plants? plants is ensured by the CMC to meet standards of treated water. Inadequate buffer zone around pumping and Sufficient buffer zone/noise barrier will developed treatment plants to alleviate noise and other around pumping station to alleviate noise. possible nuisances and protect facilities? Impairments associated with transmission lines Impairments are not anticipated along the new and access roads? transmission line routes and access during construction stage. Health hazards arising from inadequate design Proper precautionary actions are taken for of facilities for receiving, storing, and handling handling chlorine and hazardous waste of chlorine and other hazardous chemicals. Health and safety hazards to workers from the Proper precautionary action are taken for handling management of chlorine used for Disinfection chlorine and hazardous waste and other contaminants? Dislocation or involuntary resettlement of There is no r esettlement of people for project people? implementation. Social conflicts between construction workers The local labor force will be utilized by the from other areas and community workers? contractor for construction activities and hence, there is no possibility for social conflict regarding employment opportunities during construction phase. Noise and dust from construction activities? It is suggested in EMP that all construction machineries used will comply with the noise standards as suggested by CPCB. Dust suppression must be done by sprinkling of water and workers will be advised to adopt proper dust control masks. Increased road traffic due to interference of The construction material transport will increase construction activities? traffic within the city. Proper traffic management plan must be implemented to avoid conflict between public transport and construction material transport. Continuing soil erosion/silt runoff from Proper precautionary arrangement to prevent soil construction operations? erosion will be made by providing shoring & strutting. Delivery of unsafe water due to poor O&M Periodical back washing in pressure sand filters treatment processes (especially mud and the sludge pumping from clarifiers will be accumulations in filters) and i nadequate ensured in addition to maintain the required the

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No Remarks chlorination due to lack of adequate monitoring residual chlorine in distribution system. of chlorine residuals in distribution systems? Delivery of water to distribution system, which Proper dosage of chemical such as alum & lime is corrosive due to inadequate attention to will be maintained and it is ensured there will not feeding of corrective chemicals? be any corrosive chemical in distribution system. Accidental leakage of chlorine gas? Adequate precautionary measure and per iodical maintenance of chlorinator and regulatory valves will be made. Excessive abstraction of water affecting No such excess extraction of water. downstream water users?

APPENDIX3: PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION BAR CHART

SINDHANUR WATER SUPPLY PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION BAR CHART *** Start date Months Water Supply Proposals 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 New Impounding Reservoir Raw water pumping main from Proposed Jackwell at Impounding reservoir to Receiving chamber. Linking Raw water Gravity main from receiving chamber to proposed

WTP Proposed WTP Prop osed Pum ping Mach inery with stand by pump s for water suppl y syste

Proposed Feeder Main Proposed ELSR‘s Water supply distribution network NOTE: *** State date – Five months from the date of Technical sanction 1st Month is for Mobilization of project. 18th Month is for Trail run, testing and commissioning.

SINDHANUR UGD PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION BAR CHART *** Start date Months Sewerage System Proposals 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Laying of 113 km new sewer lines including road restoration. Design, supply, construction, installation, testing and commissioning of a 12.00 MLD (Intermediate) Facultative aerated lagoon (F.A.L.) proper disposal system satisfying pollution standards. Wet well and pumping machinery for Sewage Pumping Station Near nala at Shiv Jyoti Nagar (43.25 lps) and at STP Premises (809.6 lps). Shallow depth chamber and pumping machinery for Sewage Lifting Station (809.6 lps) near Basaveshwara Temple House connections 9100 Nos.

NOTE: *** State date – Five months from the date of Technical sanction 1st Month is for Mobilization of project. 18th Month is for Trail run, testing and commissioning.

APPENDIX4: Sub component list of latitude and longitude of Sindhanur Water Supply and U.G.D Project. Water Supply project lat and long U.G.D project Sub lat and long Sub Components Components Impounding Reservoir 150 45‘ 18.83‖ N Sewage Treatment Plant 150 45‘ 49.35‖ N 760 34‘ 37.54‖ E 760 46‘ 24.99‖ E Existing Jackwell 150 45‘ 04.99‖ N Wet Well near Shivajyothi 150 46‘ 18.92‖ N 760 34‘ 52.69‖ E nagar 760 45‘ 29.78‖ E Water Treatment Plant 150 46‘ 18.65‖ N Wet Well near 150 46‘ 03.45‖ N 760 44‘ 18.28‖ E Basaveshwara Temple 760 46‘ 11.76‖ E Glory School (Zone-1) 150 47‘ 27.25‖ N Wet Well near S.T.P 150 45‘ 50.97‖ N OHT 760 46‘ 19.65‖ E 760 46‘ 24.56‖ E

Mooru maili Camp (Zone- 150 45‘ 59.99‖ N 2)OHT 760 43‘ 10.26‖ E CA Site (Zone-3) OHT 150 45‘ 37.20‖ N 760 45‘ 09.34‖ E APMC Premices(zone-5) 150 46‘ 09.42‖ N OHT 760 44‘ 49.95‖ E

Near AMPC (Zone – 4) 150 46‘ 05.70‖ N OHT 760 44‘ 46.69‖ E

Mahaboob Colony (Zone- 150 46‘ 05.99‖ N 6) OHT 760 45‘ 22.27‖ E

APPENDIX 5: RECOMMENDED CONTRACT CLAUSES

Sources of Materials

1. Use quarry sites and sources permitted by government; 2. Verify suitability of all material sources and obtain approval of PIU/PC; 3. If additional quarries will be required after construction has started, obtain written approval from PIU/PC; and 4. Submit to PIU/PC on a monthly basis documentation of sources of materials. Air Quality 1. Consult with PIU/PC on the designated areas for stockpiling of clay, soils, gravel, and other construction materials; 2. Damp down exposed soil and any stockpiled on site by spraying with water when necessary during dry weather; 3. Use tarpaulins to cover sand and other loose material when transported by trucks; and 4. Fit all heavy equipment and machinery with air pollution control devices which are operating correctly.

Surface Water Quality

1. Prohibit stockpiling of materials in the intake location unless necessary; 2. Avoid stockpiling of earth fill especially during the monsoon season unless covered by tarpaulins or plastic sheets; 3. Prioritize re-use of excess spoils and materials in the construction works. If spoils will be disposed, consult with PIU/PC on designated disposal areas; 4. Install temporary silt traps or sedimentation basins along the drainage leading to the water bodies; 5. Place storage areas for fuels and lubricants away from any drainage leading to water bodies; 6. Dispose any wastes generated by construction activities in designated sites; and 7. Conduct surface quality inspection according to the Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMoP).

Noise Levels

1. Plan activities in consultation with PIU/PC so that activities with the greatest potential to generate noise are conducted during periods of the day which will result in least disturbance; 2. Require horns not be used unless it is necessary to warn other road users or animals of the vehicle‘s approach; 3. Minimize noise from construction equipment by using vehicle silencers, fitting jackhammers with noise-reducing mufflers, and portable street barriers the sound impact to surrounding sensitive receptor; and 4. Maintain maximum sound levels not exceeding 80 decibels (dbA) when measured at a distance of 10 m or more from the vehicle/s.

Existing Infrastructure and Facilities

1. Obtain from PIU/DSC the list of affected utilities and operators; 2. Obtain approval from concerned agencies (e.g. railways, national highways, electricity, forest lands, water); and 3. Prepare a contingency plan to include actions to be done in case of unintentional interruption of services.

Ecological Resources – Terrestrial 79

1. Minimize removal of vegetation and disallow cutting of trees; 2. If tree-removal will be required, obtain tree-cutting permit from the Forest Department; and 3. Plant two (2) native trees for every one (1) that is removed.

Landscape and Aesthetics

1. Prepare and implement waste management plan as part of the construction contractor‘s site- specific plan; 2. Avoid stockpiling of excess excavated soils; 3. Coordinate with PIU/PC for beneficial uses of excess excavated soils or immediately dispose to designated areas; 4. Recover used oil and lubricants and reuse or remove from the sites; 5. Manage solid waste according to the following preference hierarchy: reuse, recycling and disposal to designated areas; 6. Remove all wreckage, rubbish, or temporary structures (such as buildings, shelters, and latrines) which are no longer required; 7. Not to dispose any waste material in river body; and 8. Request PIU/PC to report in writing that the necessary environmental restorations work has been adequately performed before acceptance of work.

Accessibility

1. Prepare and implement a traffic management plan as part of the construction contractor‘s site-specific plan; 2. Plan transportation routes so that delivery vehicles do not use narrow roads, except in the immediate vicinity of delivery sites; 3. Schedule transport and hauling activities during non-peak hours; 4. Locate entry and exit points in areas where there is low potential for traffic congestion; 5. Keep the site free from all unnecessary obstructions; 6. Drive vehicles in a considerate manner; 7. Coordinate with local traffic police department for temporary road diversions and with for provision of traffic aids if transportation activities cannot be avoided during peak hours; and 8. Notify affected sensitive receptors by providing sign boards informing nature and duration of construction works and contact numbers for concerns/complaints.

Socio-Economic – Income

1. Leave spaces for access between mounds of soil; 2. Provide walkways and metal sheets where required to maintain access across trenches for people and vehicles; 3. Increase workforce in front of critical areas such as institutions, place of worship, business establishment, hospitals, and schools; 4. Consult businesses and institutions regarding operating hours and factoring this in work schedules; and 5. Provide sign boards for pedestrians to inform nature and duration of construction works and contact numbers for concerns/complaints.

Socio-Economic – Employment

1. Employ at least 50% of the labour force, or to the maximum extent, local persons within the immediate area if manpower is available; and 2. Secure construction materials from local market.

Occupational Health and Safety

1. Develop and implement site-specific Health and Safety (H&S) plan which will include measures such as: (a) excluding public from the site; (b) ensuring all workers are provided with and use personal protective equipment (PPE); (c) H&S Training for all site personnel; (d) documented procedures to be followed for all site activities; and (e) documentation of work- related accidents; 2. Supply qualified first-aid at all times. Equipped first-aid stations shall be easily accessible throughout the site; 3. Provide medical insurance coverage for workers; 4. Secure all installations from unauthorized intrusion and accident risks; 5. Provide supplies of potable drinking water; 6. Provide clean eating areas where workers are not exposed to hazardous or noxious substances; 7. Provide H&S orientation training to all new workers to ensure that they are apprised of the basic site rules of work at the site, personal protective protection, and preventing injuring to fellow workers; 8. Provide visitor orientation if visitors to the site can gain access to areas where hazardous conditions or substances may be present. Prevent visitor/s from entering hazard areas unescorted; 9. Provide measures to enhance the visibility of workers through their use of high visibility vests when working in or walking through heavy equipment operating areas; 10. Outfit moving equipment with audible back-up alarms; 11. Mark and provide sign boards for hazardous areas such as energized electrical devices and lines, service rooms housing high voltage equipment, and areas for storage and disposal. Signage shall be in accordance with international standards and be well known to, and easily understood by workers, visitors, and the general public as appropriate; and 12. Disallow worker exposure to noise level greater than 85 dBA for a duration of more than 8 hours per day without hearing protection. The use of hearing protection shall be enforced actively.

Community Health and Safety

1. Plan routes to avoid times of peak-pedestrian activities. 2. Liaise with PIU/PC in identifying high-risk areas on route cards/maps. 3. Maintain regularly the vehicles and use of manufacturer-approved parts to minimize potentially serious accidents caused by equipment malfunction or premature failure. 4. Provide road signs and flag persons to warn of dangerous conditions.

Work Camps

1. Consult with PIU/PC before locating project offices, sheds, and construction plants; 2. Minimize removal of vegetation and disallow cutting of trees unless approved by the Forest Department; 3. Provide water and sanitation facilities for employees; 4. Prohibit employees from poaching wildlife and cutting of trees for firewood; 81

5. Train employees in the storage and handling of materials which can potentially cause soil contamination; 6. Recover used oil and lubricants and reuse or remove from the site; 7. Manage solid waste according to the following preference hierarchy: reuse, recycling and disposal to designated areas; 8. Remove all wreckage, rubbish, or temporary structures (such as buildings, shelters, and latrines) which are no longer required; and 9. Request PIU/PC to report in writing that the camp has been vacated and restored to pre- project conditions before acceptance of work.

Social and Cultural Resources

1. Strictly follow the protocol for chance finds in any excavation work; 2. Request PIU/PC or any authorized person with archaeological field training to observe excavation; 3. Stop work immediately to allow further investigation if any finds are suspected; and

Inform PIU/PC if a find is suspected, and take any action they require ensuring its removal or protection in situ.

APPENDIX 6: Detailed Note on Roles & Responsibilities of the CSS, Divisional ES, Regional ES and State ES and roles of the consultants and contractor