NOTES on a WAX MEDALLION, and RELATIVE AUTOGRAPH LETTER, of PAUL JONES, PRESENTE E SOCIETTH O D1860T N I YD an , NATIONAE NOTH WN I L MUSEU ANTIQUITIESF MO Franciy B

III.

NOTES ON A WAX MEDALLION, AND RELATIVE AUTOGRAPH LETTER, OF PAUL JONES, PRESENTE E SOCIETTH O D1860T N I YD AN , NATIONAE NOTH WN I L MUSEU ANTIQUITIESF MO FRANCIy B . S CAIRO INGLIS, F.S.A. SCOT.

The medallion, whic circulas hi n formi r mountes i , heava n di y brass frame measured an , s 3^ inche n diametei s r verovea s i yr t finallI e. piec f workmanshio e r somp(o executeex compositiowa n i d n closely resembling wax), probabl y Jeab y n Martin Renaud, engraved an r , 39 f o e modellerag e th d give a t ver a an s , u ysn gooma e d th ide f o a representing him in court uniform, and showing the order of Military Merit. There can be no doubt as to the portrait being an authentic one, as Paul Jone a lad s o ysent t (Mri t s Belshes n Scotlani ) d along wite th h following letter (fig. 1) dated 1786 :— PARIS, August 29, 1786. MADAM,—It is with great pleasure that I now execute the nattering com- missio gavu before nyo e lefm u teyo this r cityJameSi . s Stuart returno wh , s immediately to Scotland, does me the honour to take charge of the medallion you desire I dmigh t sen whethey unabld m sa s wela i you r o t I t o i ler . ill executed, but I feel it receives it's value from your acceptance ; an honour for nevewhicn ca rhI sufficiently expres obligationy sm t whicbu , t wilhi l allwayy ambitiom e b s o merit t nrespectfuy M . l compliments await your husband. I am very sensible of his polite attentions while here. May you always enjoy a state of happiness as real as is the esteem and respect with whic hI hav honoue eth beo t r , Madam, your most obediend an t most humble servant, J. PAUL JONES. Mrs Belches, Scotland.

The following note from Professor A. Campbell Swinton, F.S.A. Scot., serves to trace how the medallion came to the Museum, with the autograph letter which accompanied it:l— 1 Proceedings, vol .. 389-391iiipp . . WAX MEDALLION, AND AUTOGRAPH LETTER, OF PAUL JONES. 79

" I can tell you little about the medallion of Paul Jones beyond what is contained in the autograph letter from himself, which was presented along with it to the Society of Antiquaries (in 1860), and which is perhaps the greater curiosity of the two. The letter is addressed to Mrs Belshes, whose husband wa a kinsmas e Inverarath f o na Mis s ys wa familyBuchaima e Sh . f o n Drumpelier, aunt to Mrs Graham, wife of Dr Graham, our late Professor of Botany, with who e livemsh d durin r widowhoodghe whosn i d ean , house esh died about 184 n Grea0(i t King Street) e medallioTh . d lettean n r were

Fig. 2. Medallion of Paul Jones. given by Mrs Belshes to my father, and have been in my possession for twenty or thirty years." Comparing the medallion (fig. 2) with other portraits, it has much in common wit miniatur e r Huyhth de n t ivor(1780)n Va eo y yb buse th , t (fig. 3) by Houdon (1783), the medal by Dupre (ordered by the Congress in 1787), the prints in the British Museum, London (published 28th October 1779) smalo tw , l engraving e Scottisth n i s h National Portrait WAX MEDALLION AUTOGRAPD AN , H LETTEK F PAUO , L JONE1 8 S

Galleryf o whic y e b e s paintini giveh on th l , oi n , figi n4 n . i g Charles Wilso . nMoreae engravin M th Peale . d J uan y , b , g(fig 5) . designed from the life in 1781, which all show the same regular- features, the nose slightly enlarged at the point, and the fine lines of the mouth—the face of a student rather than a fighter. These

Fig . Engrave4 . d Portrai Pauf o t l Jone tiin si e National Portrait Gallery. portrait e verar s y differen d chapbootol froe th mk e pictureth d an s numerous engraving e " piratth f o se " Paul f whicJoneso e l ar hal , caricatures. The British view of Jones has always regarded him as a rebel and a pirate. Certainly he was not a pirate, as he held a commission in the American navy; and his actions against this country were all (in his VOL. XL. 6 82 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, JANUARY 8, 1906.

estimation) to further the cause of liberty, and to help his adopted countr gaino t y , independence. A student from his earliest years, he soon acquired an extensive

. Engrave5 . Kg d Portrait of Pau . MorealM Jones . J uy b (1781), . s Hi knowledg . s it profession hi s eveo t f wa o er d d eagead an , o t r letters sho e commanwth f languago d e had h es knowledg hi ; f o e French was perfect, and stood him in good stead during his service in Russiaalss odiplomaa wa e e firsh ;th t f o ordert friena , f Franklindo , WAX MEDALLION, AND AUTOGRAPH LETTER, OF PAUL JONES. 83

Jefferson, Lafayette, Morris, and many other distinguished men of the period. Paul Jones, or rather John Paul, was bom of quite humble parents in Kirkbean,1 in Kirkcudbrightshire, on the 6th of July 1747. The cottage recognise localite s birthplacth hi n di s ya s showei fign . ni 6 . s fatherHi , John Paul, s gardene r Craiwa 2M f Arbiglando o kt r .

Fig. 6. Cottage in which Paul Jones was born. From a Photograph by J. Masterson, Dumfries.

From his earliest years young John Paul had great love of the sea arid shipping; we find him in 1759, at the age of 12, engaged as an apprentic boarn o e da smal l 8 tonstrade14 n 176secons f i ;i o re 4h d

1 I find no record of his birth in the register of this parish : the only entries of births in the Paul family are of three girls, in 1739, 1741, and 1749. 3 A stone erected in Kirkbean churchyard bears the following inscription :—" In Memor f Joho y n Paul, Senior dieo t Arbiglana dwh , e 24t th df Octobe o h r 1767. Universally esteemed. Erecte Johy db n Paul, Junior." 4 8 PROCEEDING SOCIETYE TH F O S , JANUAR , 1906Y8 .

e followinth n i mate d g an ,yea r first mate n I 1766-176. s wa e h 7 occupied in the slave trade; however, after two voyages he refused to go a third time, as he was disgusted with his experiences. This fact is worth notice, as lending no support to the British view of his character, e mosth f t o inhuma e on e b f whicmen no laten o I t t .h r ou mad m ehi years, after he had inherited his brother's estate in Virginia, he is found giving the slaves on the estate their freedom, again showing that his character was not deficient in sympathy for his fellow-creatures. In 17(58 he was in command of a trader, the 'John,' and commanded this vessel for three voyages, visiting his brother William at Rappahannock twice during this time. This brothe d beeha rn adopte well-to-da y db o and childless Virginia planter named William Jones, a native of Kirkbean, distana d an t relativ e Pauth f l o efamily a n ,o whes n 174wa i n e 3h s nativvisihi o t te place Williad an ; m Paul virtuy b , f thieo s adoption, took the name William Paul Jones. Old William Jones, who died in 1760, had made John Paul the residuary legates brothehi f o e n cas i e latter th e r shoul e withoudi d t issue,, on condition that John Paul should assume the name Jones as his brother had done. Accordingly, when William Paul Jones died in 1773, John Paul became John Paul Jones feld lan , a plantatiohei o t r n of about 3000 acres, 20 horses, 80 head of cattle, and a sloop of 20 plantatione tonse th spen s lifyearH o n hi o e. tw tf d thesso an , e years saw the beginning of the struggle for the independence of the American States. In 1775 he sailed to New York, and while there wrote to various members of Congress, offering his services and the use of his seafaring knowledge 24tn O h. Jun invitees 177wa joie o e dProvisionat 5h nth l Marine or Naval Committee, in which he at once assumed the leading position, and led the committee so completely that it is now quite im- possible to identify the other four merchant captains who were his colleagues, except one—Nicholas Biddle, of Philadelphia. This committee founde nave d th f America y o 22ti n o d an Decembe, r 177 5e firs n i o receivth Jonet tt s s commissionpu wa s hi e s wa e H . command of the ' Alfred,' and ordered " to break her pennant." Obeying WAX MEDALLION AUTOGRAPD AN , H LETTER F PAUO , L JONES5 8 .

this order, Paul Jonee windth e firsso th t sflun tt Americaou g n flag ever shown on a regular man-of-war. This was not the Stars and e PinStripesth et Trebu d Rattlesnak, an e e emblem, wit e mottth h o " Don't Trea Me.n do "e honou th Thoug f d firso rha t e h hoistin t i g aboard ship, Jones never fancied this emblem. Some time later, in one of his journals, he said of it, " I was always at a loss to know by what queer whosfancy b r o ye notion that devic s firsewa t adopted. Foy m r own part I could never see how or why a venomous serpent could be the combatant emblem of a brave and honest folk fighting to be free. O coursbreao fo gives t n course e t pennanwa d o kt th n ebu t ha i I ,s a t me. But I always abhorred the device, and was glad when it was discarded for one much more symmetrical as well as appropriate, a year and a half later." Paul Jones was granted a commission as captain in the navy, October 1777. On 14th June 1777 Congress passed the following resolutions :— "1. Resolved: That the flag of the thirteen United States of America be Thirteen Stripes, alternate Red and White : That the Union be Thirteen Star Blua n si e Field, representin constellationw ne ga . . "Resolve2 d: Tha t Captain John Paul Jone e appointesb como t d - man shie dth p 'Ranger.'" When Jones received the new flag he was delighted. He used to say, "That flag and I are twins; born the same hour, from the same womb of destiny, we cannot be parted in life or death. So long as we can float, we shall float together; if we must sink, we shall go down as one." The cruise of the ' Ranger' in 1778 was marked by events of special 22ne th notedn ApriO . l Paul Jone t intspu o Whitehave Cumberlandn i , and going ship'o ashortw sn i eboat e entereh s e harboue th dth n i r early morning. Jones himself landed men w witfe , a hclambere d over the rampart of the half-ruined battery supposed to defend the harbour, d gunol spike s e witth d h s armedwhic wa d capture t an i h, e th d pensioner garrisoneo wh s d it, aslee n theii p r beds. There were some three hundred boats in the harbour, all aground at low-water, and he ordered ha s lieutenandhi t beet theno se t nn fire thid mo o t bu tha s, 86 PROCEEDINGS'OF THE SOCIETY, JANUARY 8, 1906.

done. It was now daylight; the alarm had been given, and the towns- men were gatherin numbern gi s that migh e dangerousb t thao s , t Jones, after another hurrie futild dan e effor bur o t e tboats th ns oblige wa , o t d retreat nort e sailee th H r h .d fo e Solwa shorth d f anchoreo ean y n i d Kirkcudbright Bay, and, wit a hpart f meno y , t landeMary'S n o ds Isle, intendin kidnao gt Eare pth a hostagef Selkir o ls a hold m kan d.hi The Earl, however, was absent. Jones's men insisted on their right to plunder, and his lieutenants backed up the men. Unable to restrain them, he allowed them to go up to the house, where the officers seized some of the family plate. As Jones did not wish to retain this booty, he purchased the whole of it from the captors and restored it to the Earl. cose buyinf Th o t s carriag it plate gd th ean e from France amounteo t d .£140. This incident helps to show that Jones was no pirate, as he was ever depicted by the English. On the 24th of April 1778 Paul Jones engaged in the first naval battle fought under the Stars and Stripes, when he conquered His Majesty's ship 'Drake f Carrickferguof ' n Irelandi s e . th This wa s first instanc modern ei n naval warfar e capturth f o e e oa Britisf h man- of-war by a ship of inferior force. In that respect it broke a record thad beeha t n inviolate sinc e beginninth e f regulao g r naviesd an , announced to the world the advent of a new naval power. Early in August 1779 Jones sailed from the Isle of Groaix, on the French coast, bound on a cruise round the, British Isles. He was in command of a small but fairly good squadron, consisting of his flagship Hommn thBo e' e Richard, guns2 4 ' e 'Alliance,th ; guns6 3 ' , Captain Pierre Landais ; the ' Pallas,' 30 guns, Captain Cottineau; and the 'Vengeance,' of. 12 guns. The conduct of the captain of the 'Alliance' during the whole cruise was disgraceful; and instead of bein hindranchelga a s engagements s Joneso hi pt l wa al e h ,s n i ei t I . even on record, in the engagement between the ' Bon Homme Richard' and the ' Serapis,' that Landais fired on the ' Bon Homme Richard,' killing and wounding a number of the crew. Of this episode Jones says, in his repor Do t tr Franklin t lase 'Alliance"A th t, w ' appearedno I d an , WAX MEDALLION, AND AUTOGRAPH LETTER, OF PAUL JONES. 87

thought the battle at an end ; but, to my utter astonishment, he discharged a broadside full into the stern of the ' Bon Homme Richard.'" e squadroTh n sailed northward alon e westh g t coas f Irelano t d an d the west coast of Scotland as far as the Fair Isle, north of the Orkney Islands, then south along the east coast of Scotland, entering the Firth of Forth, wit e intentioth h f layino n g under contributio r reducinno g to ashe towe sth f Leith e o detailn Th . s wil n e besb l ow t s givehi n ni words when writin Do gt r Franklin:—

" The winds continued to be contrary, so that we did not see the land till e 13tth h (September), whe e hill nth f Cheviot o s e soutth f Scotland o hn i , , appeared. The next day we chased sundry vessels and took a ship and a brigantine, both fro e frit mth f Edinburgh o h , laden with coal. Knowing that there lay at anchor in Leith Road an armed ship of twenty guns, with two or three fine cutters, I formed an expedition against Leith, which I pro- undeposey la o dt r contribution r otherwiso , reduco et I bee ashesd o et n Ha . alone, the wind being favourable, I would have proceeded directly up the frith musd an , t have succeeded thes a the,y stata yla n perfecnf i eo t indolence and security, which would have proved their ruin. Unfortunately for me e 'Pallasth d 'Vengeancean ' ' were a considerablbot t a h e distance th n i e offing, they having chased to the southward. This obliged me to steer out of the frith agai meeo nt t themcaptaine Th . ' Pallass Vengeance' e o fd th an ' ' bein Hommn g comBo ' boarn eo e Richard,th d I communicate' theo dt m y projectm whico t , h many difficultie d objectionan s s were mad y themb e . t lastA , however, they appeare o thindt k e designbetteth f o rd , afteha I r assured them tha I hopet raiso dt ea contributio f £200,00no 0 sterlinn go Leith thad an ,battert o n ther s f cannoo yewa n ther opposo et landingr eou . So much time, however unavoidabls wa , y spen pointen i t d remark sagd san e deliberations that night tha wine th t d became contrar morning.e th n yi "

So confident was Jones of the success of his projected attack that he had prepared a summons addressed to the magistrates of Leith, which, fortunately, he never had an opportunity of despatching. As it is an interesting and curious document, showing the terms on which Leith was to be spared, I give it at full length :— •

e Honourabl"Th . PAUeJ L JONES, Commander-in-Chie e Americath f o f n Squadron now in Europe, etc., to the WORSHIPFUL THE PROVOST OP s absenceLEITH hi CHIEe n th i r o t o ,,F MAGISTRAT actuallw no s i y o Ewh present and in authority there. " SIB,—The British marine force thabees ha t n statione protece d th her r efo - tion of your city and commerce being now taken by the American arms under 8 8 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , JANUAR , 1906Y8 ,

my command, I have the honour to send you this summons by my officer, Lieutenant-Colonel de Chamillard, who commands the vanguard of my troops. I do not wish to distress the poor inhabitants ; my intention is only to demand your contribution toward reimbursemene sth t which Britain muce oweth o ht s injured citizen e Uniteth f o sd State f Americao s r savagefo , s would blust ha e unmanlth y violatio d rapacitnan y thas markeha t e trackth d f Britiso s h tyranny in America, from which neither virgin innocence nor hapless age has been a plea of protection or pity. Leith and its port now lie at our mercy ; and did not our humanity stay the hand of just retaliation, I should, without advertisement ashesn i t i . y la Befor, I eprocee thao t d t stern n duta s ya officer, my duty as a man induces me to propose to you, by the means of a reasonable ransom preven. to , t suc a hscen f horroo e d distressan rr thiFo s. reason I have authorised Lieutenant-Colonel de Chamillard to conclude and agree with you on the terms of the ransom, allowing you exactly half an hour's reflection before you finally accept or reject the terms which he shall propose (£200,000) accepu yo terme f th tI .s offered withi time nth ey limitema u dyo rest assured tha furtheo n t r debarkatio f troopno - sre wil e e madeth b l t bu , embarkation of the vanguard will immediately follow, and that the property e citizenth of s will remain unmolested.—I hav , e withonouth be e h o t r sentiment respecte du f o s , Sir, your very obedien verd an ty humble servant, PAUL JONES.—On board the American ship of war the 'Bon Homme Richard,' at anchor in the Eoad of Leith, September the 17th, 1779."

Appended to the foregoing there is the following note in the hand- writin e redoubtablth f go e Commodore :—

" N.B.—The sudde violend an n t storm whic he momen th aros n i e t when the squadron was abreast of Keith Island (Inchkeith), which forms the entrance e Eoaoth ff Leitho d , rendered impracticabl e executioth e e foregointh f o n g project."

Jones obtained his accurate information regarding the inadequate defences of Leith from a Kirkcaldy skipper named Andrew Eobertson, whose vessel the ' Friendship' had been captured by him.1 The three ships with which Jones ultimately reached the Scottish east coasd bee o lonha ts n n beatingi e firth th ,p gu tha a generat l alarm was excited, although great uncertainty prevailed as to whether they formed a Frencpar f o t h fleet r wero , e actuall e e shipth yth f o s

dreaded " pirate," who was known to be on the coast. Although an I1 n the Scots Magazine, vol. xli., November 1779, there is given a copy of the ransom certificat r passporeo t give Pauy nb l e above-mentioneJoneth o t s d Andrew Kobertson (see extract from Scots Magazine at end of this notice). WAX MEDALLION, AND AUTOGRAPH LETTEK, OF PAUL JONES. 89

express reached Edinburgh on the 15th, announcing that the strange vessels had made several captures, no defensive preparations whatever appear to have been made, and the authorities seem to have cherished an unbounded confidence in Providence. On the 16th the hostile ships were distinctly seen from Edinburgh; and though the alarm increased e stupoth , r still continued e morninth n O f Sundao g. e th y 17th great crowds were assemble e piee Fifth th r en n o o coastd d an , d shor an f Leitho e o witnesst , n uttei , r helplessness e proceedingth , s of the dreaded enemy. At one time the Commodore's ship was

withi a nmil f Kirkcaldyo e e "e alarth lan th d grean gs mi an , wa t

> toon : lest it should attract the attention of the enemy. The then clergyman, the well-known Mr Shirra, in place of proceeding to the church, where he would have had a meagre attendance, repaired e sandth s o sooyt wa beachn d surroundean , a numerou y b d s con- gregation. Her e prayeh e d most ferventl earnestlyd an y , with that homel d familiaan y r eloquenc s remarkable r whicwa fo ee h h , that the enterprise of the piratical Paul Jones might be defeated, which no doubt receive a dheart y " Amen" fro l assembledal m . Scarcely was the prayer concluded, the hostile ships being then abreast of Inchkeith, between that island and the Fife coast, when the violent gale, so bitterly lamented by Paul Jones, suddenly arose and drove them out to sea. One consequence of the visit of Paul Jones was the erection of Leith Fort, begun that same year. It was at this time also that the Defensive Ban Regimenr do Volunteerf o t raises swa Edinburghn di calles wa dt I . in Edinburgh the Defensive Band of Volunteers, and paraded in public e firsfoth r t tim n 22no e d September 1781. Several hundredf o s professional men, bankers d merchantan , e citth y f joineo s s ranksit d . It was under command of the Lord Provost as Honorary Colonel and Andrew Crosbi Lieutenant-Colonels ea a specia d ha l d uniforman , , consistin f cockego d hat, light blue coat, face trimmed an d d with orange, with white breeches and black leggings. From among the members of this regiment the Masonic Lodge of Edinburgh, Defensive Band, No. 151, 0 9 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , JANUAR , 19068 Y .

was formed in 1782.1 The Martello Tower at Leith was not built till about 1809. After this reverse to his plans, Jones sailed southwards along the east coast of England in hopes of meeting the homeward-bound Baltic fleet, aboue whicdu s t thihwa s squadroe timeTh . n eventually fel witn i le hth fleet off Flamborough Head ; the ships, forty in number, were under the convoMajesty's Hi f yo s ship ' sSerapi ' Countes d an s ' f Scarborough.o s ' A desperate engagement ensued, in which Jones showed the most con- summate skill, dauntless intrepidity perfecd an , t presenc f mindeo . Captain Pearson of the ' Serapis,' which was one of the newest British men-of-war, carrying 44 guns, on sighting the enemy said, "It's probably Paul Jones f soI ,. ther wors ei k ahead. battle Th "e commenced witha broadside from the ' Richard,' and was immediately answered with one from the ' Serapis.' John Kilby, quarter gunner of the United States ship 'Bon Homme Richard,' states that, both ships being within fifty yards of each other, no man could tell which fired first, but so it was that each ship fire broadsidea d . Another, narrative writte a sailo y b nr gives an account of the beginning of the battle, and then adds—

"The action raged with e horriblth f o et violenceou e bloo th n ra d an , scuppersatomso t t r riggind finallcu an ,Ou s . ygwa both ships took fireo s , that both friend and foe were obliged to rest from fighting that they might extinguish the flames. The ' Richard,' being old, was soon shot through and throug begahand sink nto thi In .s awful condition Jones' voic hearwas e d above the din of battle, ordering to grapple with the enemy. We accordingly made our ship fast to the ' Serapis.' It was easily done, as the two ships were so near each other that when I drew out the rammer of the gun the end of it touche ' Serapis. e e sidth dth f eo ' Thus fastened together foughe w , t without resting, until nearly all our guns were burst or dismantled, the ship nearly full of water, and Lieutenant Grubb shot dead by Jones' own pistol for hauling dow coloure nth s without orders whicd an , h happene elbowy m r deck t dou a , s covered with dead and dying and our ship cut up into splinters. While in this awful and desperate situation my friend Roberts, seeing how near spent we were, climbed on to the main yard of our vessel, which projected directly over the decks of the ' Serapis,' with a bundle of hand grenades. These he con- trive throo dt w down ' Serapis, upoe dece th nsucceeded th f ko an ' blowinn di g up two or three of their powder chests, the explosion of which killed and

1 Historical Sketch of the Lodge of Edinburgh, Defensive Band, No. 151. By A. A. Murray, 1903. WAX MEDALLION, AND AUTOGRAPH LETTER, OF PAUL JONES. 91

wounde greaa d t many men' Serapis, e captaie th Th . f o n' perceivins ghi activity, ordered some shots to be fired at Roberts. One of them struck the rope whicy b supportee h d himsele gunwalth e falo caused th n t o lan f m o e dhi enemy's ship, which observing, I caught hold of him and pulled him aboard. He immediately got on the same yardarm with a fresh supply of hand grenades madd an , e such dreadfu l e enemy'havoth n o c s decw fe k a tha n i t minutes they surrendered. For this great bravery Paul Jones publicly thanked him the next afternoon on the quarterdeck of the ' Serapis.'" The foregoing narrative by no means tallies with the very excellent accoun . Euell'C . tA sr givePaulM firsn ne i th Jones.t placen I , there is no lieutenant of the name of Grubb mentioned in the, roster of the ' Eo e n creth Homm f wo e Richard. name Th e' Beaumont Grubb, mid- shipma warrand nan t officer t include no e lis , th s i tappears n e i dh t bu , of killed and wounded; secondly, the name of the hero of the hand grenade inciden Buel r gives i t M " s y la Fanning, nb name,e "th " Roberts " not even being include ship'e th n sdi company. This desperate engagemen t onlno ty made Jones more famoust i , marked an epoch in naval warfare, being the first and only instance historn i e surrendeth f yo Britis a f o r h man-of-wa t mor shia no ef o pt ro than two-third forcer she ; whil face eth t thashie th tp which surrendered destroye shie dth p which conquere probabls i r dhe y unique. Jones took comman ' Serapis, e th saile d f d o under an ' dhe r jur intg yri o e Texellittle th On e .inciden f intereso s i t anothes a t r indicatios hi f no character. Having to use the cabin of Captain Pearson on board the ' Serapis, e requesteh ' d Captain Pearso mako s t privatn hi a lisef o te propert cabine th distinguishes yn i a , d from officia publir o l c propertyo s , that when he was released or paroled it might be returned to him. Captain Pearson made out a list, and when handing it to Commodore Jones he said that he omitted to mention one leather case and one box, containing respectivel a jewelley d a casswor f gold-mounted o e an d d pistols, tha d beee corporatiotha th ny citb e presente th y m f o nhi o t d of Bristol. "As the weaponse yar , sir, e said"h , "you hav righea o t t regard the e fortunes forfeima th o t f warI ttherefor o sd ,an e omitted them privaty m froe lisf mth o et property." "Add the youmo t r list, sir," replied Commodore Jones. " I hav concero en n witsidy ehan arms 92 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, JANUARY 8, 1906.

except those you wore in action us the insignia of your rank. Those you have handed me in due form, and I will retain them officially. But e otheth r weapon u mentiosyo n represena recognitio u yo o t tf you o n r merit as an officer and gentleman by your fellow-countrymen, and could, y othe valuo thereforean n ro f t eo office e d gentleman.b ,an r " Jones receive honoue dth f knighthooo r d fro Kine mth f Francego a , swor e f ordehonouro dth f Militaro d r an , y Merit. From Russie h a receive t e ordeAnneS th d f o r . From America, Congress resolved unanimously, 16th October 1787, "That a medal of gold be struck and

Fig . Meda7 . l struc honoun ki Pauf o r l Jones.

presente Chevaliee th o t d r Paul Jone n commemoratioi s e valouth f o nr and brilliant services of that officer in command of a squadron of American and French ships under the flag and commission of the United States, off the coasts of Great Britain, in the late war; and that the Honourable Thomas Jefferson, Minister of the United States e Courth f Versaillest o a t , hav same eth e executed, wite devices.th h " medae Th lstrucs (figwa n ) 1779ki .7 . I have also been favoured wit e diplom sigha hth f o t a granteo dt John Pau l e SocietJoneCincinnatie th th y f b se o y th n i , w whicno s hi possession of Colonel If. Arnott, Camberley, Surrey. It is signed by WAX MEDALLION AUTOGRAPD AN , H LETTEE F PAUO , L JONES3 9 .

George Washington d bearan , s date 31st October e Societ1785Th . y was instituted by the officers of the American army, on its dissolution, , after the peace. •A traditional inciden n thii t s encounter wite Baltith h c fleef of t

Fig. 8. China Plate with representation of an Engagement with Paul Jones.

Flamborough Hea s commemoratei d a chin n o da e Museuplatth n i e m (fig. 8), representing one of the Baltic ships, the ' Crow Isle,' engaging a shi Pauf po l Jones's squadron plate presentes Th e wa . Museue th o dt m by Samuel Talbot Hassell, Kingston-on-Hull s describei n 1871i d , an , d pars dinnea a f to m hi r servicy b e made grandfathers fohi r , Francis Hall, e newlth Esq. t a y , erected potter n Kingstoni y o commemoratt , e th e 94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, JANUARY 8, 1906.

beating-of Pauf o f l Baltie Joneth y csb trade ' Cro e wth r Isle' (owney db Mr Hall) Yorkshirofe fth e coas singulae 1779n i tTh . r nam ' Cro e ewth Isle' was given to Mr Hall's ship from the name of the place in the Baltic to which she traded for deals. The design on the plate represents a ship and sloop in action, and beneath are the words, " Success to the Crow Isle." There its another plate of the same dinner service in the Hull museum, and these two are probably the only ones now extant. n ApriI l 1788 Jones took e Eussiaservicth n i en navy under Catherin gives ewa nII.d commanan , e Blac th f para fleet o df kSe o t , being subsequently promote e Vice-Admirab o t d e Baltith f co l fleet, shora t tbu experience suffice distast. a servicee givth o t m dr ehi e fo , and, e severit e th climatth f o ye seriously affectin s healthhi g e retireh , o t d Paris, there to begin the last chapter of his remarkable career, the doctors there confirming wha e Russiath t n doctor d saidha s , thas hi t lungs were permanently affected thad muse an ,th t ris no kt another winter n Russiai . During these last month lifs Parin hi ei hospitalits f so shi y was proverbial s moshi , t frequent guests being revolutionistse th n I . sprin f 179o ge visite h 1 d s Englandentertainewa d an ,y Horacb d e Walpole Earl of Orford, Lord Lansdowne, Charles James Eox. Lord Barham invited him to visit the dockyard at Portsmouth, which invita- tion he eagerly accepted, always desirous to increase his professional knowledge. This visi Englano t t d seem o havt s e bee nvera y pleasant one to Jones, as recorded in his journal. In March he went to Holland to hold a conference with the Russian ambassador, and in July 1791 resignatios sene hi h n Empresi te th o nt s Catherine. A week before his death (llth July 1792) he attended the session of the Assembly. He was asked by the members to answer some questions concerning the needs of the navy, and his own ideas as to how these needs might best be met, but he begged to be excused, as he feared the effort to make himself heard. After this meeting ended, a ver ant a yd late hour e e favouritAdmirath th , t a p le su wen o t t rendezvou Centrae th f o s l Jacobin Club therd an , e mad mosea t excellent speech, which excited their admiration no less than their wonder. WAX MEDALLION, AND AUTOGKAPH LETTER, OF PAUL JONES. 95

On the afternoon of Wednesday, 18th July 1792, he dictated his will, and shortly after was found in his bedroom dead. His body was put into a leaden coffin on the 20th, that in case the United States essentiallo s , d whicha e yh served d wit mucan o , s h h honour, should claim his remains, they might be more easily re- moved; and now, after one hundred and thirteen years, the remains have been found in the subterranean vaults of the old cemetery of t LouisS , unearthe 31sn do t March 1905. In the Century Magazine for October 1905 General Horace Porter has described the circumstances connected with the recovery of the body of the Admiral, as he was styled in France. e investigatioTh s surroundewa n d with difficultie t a evers y step, which were surmounted only by extraordinary patience and perseverance. e availablth l Al e source f informatioo s n were successively examined, e evidencth e showing thae buriath t l took e cemeterplacth n i ef o y St Louis, which had been opened for the interment of foreign Protestants about 1762 d officiallan , y close n Januari d y 1793 x monthsi , s after Paul Jones's decease. This cemetery, however, had become private property, and had been completely built over in the course of _the intervening century. The proprietors had to be propitiated before any operations were practicable, and finally it was arranged that the whole cemetery should be explored by a series of shafts and galleries. e coursth f n theso I e e operations, which lasted over three months, there had been excavated 80 feet of shafting and 800 feet of galleries. It had been ascertained from authentic documents that Paul Jones had been burie a leade n i d n coffin d thae bod an d beeth t, ha y n prepared for transportatio e Uniteth o nt d States. Five leaden coffins were dis- covered in different parts of the cemetery, but there was no great difficult n determinini y g tha f thesto onle e on ycoul d possible th e b y right one. The process of identification of the body was conducted with all the official formality and scientific certainty that was possible, and left no manner of doubt on the minds of those engaged in it. A squadro f fouo n re America th ship f o s n navs senwa yn t o over d an , 6 9 PROCEEDING SOCIETYE TH F O S , JANUAK , 1906Y8 .

6th July 1905 the remains were conveyed in state through Paris, to be embarked and finally deposited in the crypt of the chapel of the new Naval Academy at Annapolis, where they now rest.

conclusionn I I ,mus t expres thank y Augustur sm M o st s Biesee th f o l American Embassy at Paris, Mr Mayer of Paris, Mr Cadwallader of New York, Thomas Hunter, Esq., W.S., Town Clerk of Edinburgh, Mr Stalker, Trinity House, Leith, Mr James Caw, National Portrait Gallery of Scotland, and Colonel N. Arnott, Camberley, Surrey, for the aid these gentlemen have given me in obtaining access to prints, documents, etc.

APPENDIX.

The correspondence between Paul Jones and the Earl and Countess of Selkirk, with reference to the return of the silver plate taken from e Earl'th s residenc t Mary'S t a e s Isle, shows botpersonae th h l attain- a more moran mentth i e d n favourabll san charactema e th f eo r light than almos othey an t r inciden s careerlettere hi Th n therefore i t. sar e given in full. followine Th g excerpts fro Minutee mth f Trinitso y House, Leith, and from the Minute Book of .the Town Council of Edinburgh, and extracts e froEdinburghTh m Evening Courant, e CaledonianTh Mercury,d an Scot* Magazine, show how much Jones did to annoy our coasts, and give us an idea of the preparations made for the defence and protection of property.

I.— CORRESPONDENCE WIT E EARD HTH AN L COUNTESS OF SELKIRK.

PAUL JONEe COUNTESth o St SELKIRKF O S .

' Ranger] Brest, Mah 8t y 1778. " MADAM,—It cannomuco to he b tlamente e professiod th tha n i t f armo n s officee th tinf o r e feeling read san l sensibility shoul undee db r tlie necessitf yo winkin actioy an personf t ngo a s unde s commanhi r d whic s hearhi h t cannot WAX MEDALLION, AND AUTOGRAPH LETTER, OF PAUL JONES. 97

reflectioe approvth t hu doubl s en; i y severe whe e findnh s himself obligedn i , appearance, to countenance such acts by his authority. " This hard case was mine when, on the 23rd of April last, I landed on St Mary's Isle. Knowing Lord Selkirk's interest wit e King th hd esteeming an , , as I do, his private character, I wished to make him the happy instrument of alleviating the horrors of hopeless captivity when the brave are overpowered madd an e prisoner warf so . " It is perhaps fortunate for you, Madam, that he was from home, for it was my intention to have taken him on board the ' Eanger' and to have detaine m untilhi d , throug s meanshi h a genera, d faian rl exchangf o e prisoners, as well in Europe as in America, had been effected. When I was informe t landin a som y whot n db eme me mg I thas Lordshihi t absents pwa , I walke dboaty bacm ,o kt determine leavwayo e dt e island th th ey , B how. - ever, some officers who were with me could not forbear expressing their discontent, observing that in America no delicacy was shown by the English, tooo wh k awa l sortyal f movablo s e property, setting t fironl no eo town yt s and to the houses of the rich without distinction, but not even sparing the wretched hamlets and milch-cows of the poor and helpless at the approach of an inclement winter. That party had been with me the same morning at Whitehaven ; some complaisance, therefore, was their due. I had but a moment to think how I might gratify them, and at the same time do your Ladyship the least injury. I charged the officers to permit none of the seamen to enter the house or to hurt anything about it; to treat you, Madam, with the utmost respect ; to accept of the plate which was offered, and to come away without making a search or demanding anything else. " I am induced to believe that I was punctually obeyed, since I am informed that the plate which they brought away is far short of the quantity expressed in the inventory which accompanied it. I have gratified my men ; and when e platth s soldei I ,shal l becom e purchaserth e d wilan , n l gratifow y m y feelings by restoring it to you by such conveyance as you shall please to direct. Had the Earl been on board the ' Eanger' the following evening he would have seen the awful pomp and dreadful carnage of a sea engagement; both affording ample subject for the pencil as well as melancholy reflection for the contemplative mind. Humanity starts back from such scenes of horror, and cannot sufficiently execrate the vile promoters of this detestable war— ' For they, 'twas they; unsheathed tlie ruthless blade, And Heaven shall ask the havoc it has made.' Britise " Th ' Drake, r h shiwa f 'p o mounting twenty guns, with more than r fulhe l complemen r officerf opponento t ou d men s e an ships wa ,Th s. met, and the advantage was disputed with great fortitude on each side for an hour and four minutes, whe e gallanth n t commande e ' Draketh f o r ' felld an , victory declare ' Ranger. e e n amiablfavoui dth Th f 'o r e lieutenany la t mortally wounded, besides nea r e inferiofortth f yo r officer d crean sw killed d wounded,—an a melancholy demonstratio e uncertaintth f o n f humao y n d reverssa e f fortunprospectso eth f o ed whican , houn ha producen ca r I . buried the spacioua mn i s grave ,e memorwit th e e honour th ho th t f ye o du s brave. " Thoug hI hav e draw presene swory th n m n di t generous struggle th r fo e 7 . VOLXL . 8 9 PKOCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , JANUARY 8, 1906.

rights of men, yet I am not in arms as an American, nor am I in pursuit of riches. My fortune is liberal enough, having no wife nor family, and having lived long enoug knoo t h w that riches cannot ensure happiness I profes. s mysel citizea fworlde th f no , totally unfettere littlee th y ,db mea n distinctions of climat countryf o r eo , which diminis benevolence hth t se e hear th d f an teo bounds to philanthropy. Before this war began, I had at the early time of life withdrawn from the sea service in favour of ' calm contemplation and poetic ease.' I have sacrificed not only my favourite scheme of life, but -the softer affections of the heart and my prospects of domestic happiness, and I readm a sacrifico yt y lifm e also with cheerfulnes f thai s t forfeiture could restore peace and goodwill among mankind. " As the feelings of your gentler bosom cannot but be congenial with, mine, entreae m t le t you, Madam youe us r o t ,persuasiv t witear h your husbano dt endeavour to stop this cruel and destructive war, in which Britain can never succeed. Heaven can never countenance the barbarous and unmanly practice of the Britons in America, which savages would blush at, and which, if not discontinued, will soon be retaliated on Britain by a justly enraged people. Shoul fai u thin i ldyo s persuade(fom a n rI ca wilu o dyo l wh attemp d an , it t resis e poweth t f suco r n advocatha e ?), your endeavour o effecst a generat l exchang prisonerf eo humanit f o t ac sn wila y e whiclb h will affor goldeu yo d n feelings on a deathbed. I hope this cruel contest will soon be closed ; but shoul t continuedi r wit e fair I wag, I wa acknowledghth .o en e their force, and bend before it with submission. Let not, therefore, the amiable Countess of Selkir enemn ka regars ambitioua m ya e r I ;desteem he d friendf smo an - ship, and would do anything, consistent with my duty, to merit it. " The honour of a line from your hand in answer to this will lay me under a singular obligation ; and if I can render you any acceptable service in France or elsewhere o commant inte s y charactea se I om ,hop e r u m fa d yo e o s r without the least grain of reserve. " I wish to know exactly the behaviour of my'people, as I am determined to punish them if they have exceeded their liberty.—I have the honour to be, with much estee d witman h profound respect• , Madam, etc. " JOHN PAUL JONES. Countese th o "T Selkirk.f so "

PAUL JONES to the EARL OF SELKIRK. "Paris, February 12th, 1784. LORD,—y "M I have just receive letteda r fro Nesbittr mM , date L'Orient da t the 4th instant, mentioning a letter to him from your son, Lord Daer, on the subject of the plate that was taken from your house by some of my people when I commande lon a ' Ranger,bees r e gha dnfo th tim d Nesbitt'an e'r pasM n i t s care shorA . t time befor I elef t Franc returo et Americao nt , Mr W. Alexander wrote me from Paris to L'Orient, that he had, at my request, seen and conversed with your Lordshi Englann pi d respectin agreed ha plate e e saiu gdth H dyo . that I should restore it, and that it might be forwarded to the care of your sister-in-law, the Countess of Morton, in London. In consequence, I now send orderNesbitr M o st forwar o t plate dth e immediatel r carehe .o yt WAX MEDALLION AUTOGRAPD AN , H LETTER F PAUO , L JONES9 9 .

" When I received Mr Alexander's letter there was no cartel or other vessel at L'Orient that I could trust with a charge of so delicate a nature as your gread ha t I reasoplate d expeco an t n, I tshoul d retur Franco nt e within six months after I embarked for America ; but circumstances in America prevented my returning to Europe during the war, though I had constant expectation of it. lone "gTh delay thahappenes ha trestoratio e th o dt youf no r plat gives eha n me" much concern, and I now feel a proportionate pleasure in fulfilling what wafirsy sm t intention motivy M landinr . efo youn go r estat Scotlann ei s dwa to take you as an hostage for the lives and liberty of the citizens of America who had been taken in war on the ocean, and committed to British prisons, under an Act of Parliament, as traitors, pirates, and felons. You observed to Mr Alexander mistakea tha ides y m ta wa n oned ha , I becaus s (a weru t eyo eno supposed) in favour with the British ministry, who knew that you favoured the cause of liberty. On that account I am glad that you were absent from your estate whe nI lande d there I bor s personao ,a e n l enmity contrarye th t ,bu , towards you. I afterwards had the happiness to redeem my fellow-citizens from Britai meany nb r morsfa e glorious than throug singlmeane y hth an f eso hostage. " As I have endeavoured to serve the cause of liberty through every stage of the American revolution, and sacrificed to it my private ease, a part of my fortune bloody somd m f an ,I , o coule d hav selfiso n e h motiv n permittinei g my peopl demano et d carrdan y off your platesoly M e . inducemeno t s wa t turn their attentio stod nan p their rage from breakin d retaliatinan t gou n go your house and effects the too wanton burnings and desolation that had been committed against their relation fellow-citizend san s in Americ Britishe th y ab , of which, I assure you, yon would have felt the severe consequences had I not expedienfallen a n no preveno hurriet d an peopl, y it tm d e away before they had time for further reflection. " As you were so obliging'to say to Mr Alexander that my people behaved with great decenc announco t t youya u e favouryo th housef k eo r as tha I , t circumstance to the public. " I am, my Lord, wishing you always perfect freedom and happiness, etc., " PAUL JONES." The EARL OF SELKIRK to PAUL JONES. " London, 4th August 1785. " SIR,—I received the letter you wrote me at the time you sent off my plate in order for restoring it. Had I known where to direct a letter to you at the tim t arriveei Scotlandn di I woul, d hav knowint e theno t n, bu g wrotit ; u eyo nor finding that any of my acquaintance at Edinburgh knew it, I was obliged to delay writing till I came here, when, by means of a gentleman connected with AmericaGrane L yous tols r dwa M rwa I banke, t Parisa r would an , d take proper care of a letter for you ; therefore I enclose this to him. Notwith- standing all the precautions you took for the easy and uninterrupted conveyance of the plate, yet it met with considerable delays, first at Calais, next at Dover, then at London. However, it at last arrived at Dumfries, and I dare say quite safe, though as yet I have not seen it, being then at Edinburgh. I 100 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, JANUARY 8, 1906.

intende newspaperarticln e a havo th dt t n ei pu s about your having returned it; but before I was informed of its being arrived, some of your friends, I e Dumfrieth n i t i s t supposenewspaperpu d ha , , whencimmediatelys wa t i e copied into the Edinburgh papers, and thence into the London ones. " Since that time I have mentioned it to many people of fashion; and on all occasions, Sir, both now and formerly, I have done you the justice to tell that you made an offer of returning the plate very soon after your return to Brest; and although you yourself were not at my house, but remained at the shore with your boat, that yet you had your officers and men in such, extraordinary good discipline, that you having given them the strictest orders to behave well, to do no injury of any kind, to make no search, but only to bring off what plate was given to them ; that in reality they did exactly as ordered, and that not one man offered to stir from his post on the outside of the house, nor entered the doors, nor said an uncivil word ; that the two officers stood not a quarter of an hour in the parlour and butler's pantry while the butler got the plate together ; behaved politely, and asked for nothing but the plate, and instantly marched their men off in regular order ; and that both officers and men behaved in all respects so well that it would have done credit to the best disciplined troops whatever. e EnglisSomth f o e h newspaper t thaa s t time havin confusen i t gpu d account youf so r expeditio Whitehaveno t Scotlandd nan , I ordered a proper one of what happened in Scotland to be put in the London newspapers by a gentleman who was then at my house, by which the good conduct and civil behaviour of your officers and men were done justice to, and attribute youo dt re goo orderth dd disciplinan s u maintaineyo e d over your people.— , SirIam , your most humble servant, SELKIRK.."

II.— FROM THE MINUTES OF THE TRINITY HOUSE, LEITH. 16th September 1779.— meetine "Th g having apprehension somf so e ships turn- ing up to be French, has agreed to call for one hundred muskets from the Castle of Edinburgh divido t d e,an themselves into eaccompanien witho hme t n -te f so stand the enemy if any attempt might be made'against Leith or the suburbs." September 1779. — "A squadron of French or American ships having yesterday appeared in the firth, and been about as far up as Inchkeith, certainly wit ha vie cannonado wt e Tow th eburd e shippinnan n th e meeting Th : g resolved that elevee memberth f no s standina s Sederunge th firs n i t t should rendezvous at the Flaghouse at half-past nine o'clock this night, and to keep watch and patrole betwixt that and the Magazine in the Links all the dark of nexe nighte th tth d elevean , n member Sederune th n i snexe tth t e nighth t ta samrotation i n eo placo nhours d tildangee d ean th lan , over.s i r "

III.—FRO MINUTEE EDINBURGE MTH TH F SO H TOWN COUNCIL. 27«fc October 1779.— Cite "Th y Chamberlai y Johpa no nt Fortun m su e eth of five pounds steg. incurred by the Magistrates the 17th day of September last, WAX MEDALLION, AND AUTOGRAPH LETTEB, OF PAUL JONES. 101

when there was a rumour of an invasion at Leith by a squadron of ships that appeare Firthe th n d.i " The Council recommend to the Lord Provost to write to His Majesty's servants, representing the defenceless state of this country, and to request proper securit land.d an ya " botse y hb

Letters from Philip Stephens, Esq., Secretary Boardthe Admiralty,of of and Lord Stormont.

" SIR,—Having communicated to my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty your 23rdlettee th f ,ro requesting Eoyabehale n ,i th f o lf Borough Scotlandf so , that the 'Princess of Wales,' the 'Leith,' and 'Three Sisters,1 armed ships, which were taken into Government e servicpurposth r f fo eprotectino e e gth Scots trade betwixt the Nore and Leith Eoad, and from thence to Buchanness, or at least the bay of Aberdeen, may be fixed solely for that purpose, and that their commander directede b warslas e o dons y th tw ts (a advis o )n ema t i e with Lore th d Provos Edinburgf o t e tim th f thei o eo t s rh a sailin returningd gan . In return, I am directed by their Lordships to acquaint you, for the information Royae oth f l Boroughs, that directions wil givee b l n agreeabl theio yt r request. , —etcIam . PHILIP STEPHENS. "Admiralty Office, 1st December 1779."

LORD,—Thy "M e Ear f Sandwico l h having laid befor Lordsy em Commis- e sionerAdmiraltth f o s y your Lordsliip' se 29tletteth hf o rOctobe r last, representing tha Magistratese th t , Town Council Inhabitantd ,an Edinburgf so h earnestly wish to have a ship of fifty guns, a frigate, and two sloops stationed e Roath f Leit o dn i h durin e continuancth g e war th d tha f ,an o et their Commander instructee b particulay y pa sma o dt r attentio suco nt h authentic intelligenc occasionally ma s ea e communicateb y Magistratee o theth t d y mb s of Edinburg h: tha merchante th t fulle sar y sensibl effectuae th f eo l protection hitherto give theio nt r convoyse generath s t thai bu lt , i topinio above th n e mentioned forc than eo t statio moro n s nei tha nsufficiena t defence againse th t depredation f sucso hsquadroa latels na y appeared ther e; tha numbee th t f o r seamen sent from thence Eoyath o t el Nav a proo s yi f that e tradno th t s i e inconsiderable, and the great Levies made there for the army manifest the Zeal and Ardour which constantly animates the loyal citizens of that metropolis of one of the United Kingdoms, and that for those considerations they hope their request may be complied with ; I am commanded to acquaint you that they have the greatest sense of the importance of the trade of the City of Edinburgh, and of the Zeal and Ardour which has been shown by the Magistrates and Citizens Leviee th n i s they have mad Nave Armybotd th r yan thad h fo an ,t their Lord- ships cannot engage to station precisely the force they have requested : they may rely upon their Lordships giving them the utmost protection in their power, consistent wit othee hth r various services which have equall yclaia mo t their attention.—I have the honour to be, etc. PHILIP STEPHENS. " Admiralty Office, I6th February 1780." 102 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, JANUARY 8, 1906.

" MY LOHD,—Ih Novembe8t e lettey th m nf ro r las I acquaintet d your Lordship that your application for further military protection for the City of Edinburgh would be examined with that care and attention which the subject deserved e satisfactioth I havw . no e acquaino t n thaMajests u Hi yo t s yha been please ordeo dt 25te whole th th r h f eo Eegimen Infantrf o t addee b o yt d to the forces allotted last year for the Protection and Defence of Scotland. There were great obstacles to this measure arising from the various exigencies of an extensiv e importancth t e desire objectForeigbu th th ; f d f o er o e an , nWa guardin gplaca f suceo h consequenc e Cit th f Edinburg yo s a e h against every insul r alarmo t , determine s MajestHi d o givt y e this furthers proohi f o f constant solicitude for it's security and welfare.—I am, etc. STORMONT."

anentAct erecting Batterya a Redoubtpart as of Leith.at 21st June 1780.—"Bailie Thompson, froe Lormth d Provost's Committee, represented that yesterday Captain Eraser, chief Engineer for Scotland, laid befor Committeethe a epla estimatnand Battera of e y propose para d as of t redoubhundree on r fo td men, eight twenty-four pounder s; wit hGuardhousa e for a sergeant and twelve men, a Storehouse, Powder Magazine, Shade for some pieces of field artillery, ready to be drawn out for the defence of the coast in case of need, and other accomodation, the expense of which, with purchasing groune th d necessary, woul dbetwix m amounsu a to t teigh t hundre nind dan e . hundred pounds sterling. " The place proposed for this Battery is upon Mr Robertson's ground of Hillhousefield, betwixt the Citadel of North Leith and Newhaven, and by the measurement will tak acre roodo thirty-twd eon etw an s o falls. This Battery will effectuall Roae th halya f do d commanf an e e milon range don th o t e f eo for shipping and the entry to the harbour, and it is further proposed that a gunso tw ,r o wit parapee woodeha on r fo t n platford en e erecte b e th o mt t da Soute oth f h Pier, which will secure e entranc th 'e harbou th o t e r from boats attempting to enter it by surprise to burn the shipping, and also prevent them landing on the flat sands to the eastward of the pier ; all which is included in above th e estimate. Captain Eraser further informe Committee th d e thae th t artillery and stores to be furnished by the Board of Ordnance will amount in value to above three thousand pounds sterling ; and will be sent down as soon as the assurance is given of the battery being compleated, but on no other terms. utilite Th f thiyo s work mus apparente b t , arising fro trade safete th mth f eyo and Port of Leith, as well as the discouragement it will give to any attempts on thi coastse parmusth d f ,an o t t quie anxiete th t y whic late hth e alarms have given to this City and Town of Leith, as well as the neighbourhood, and the Committee submitte e e moneCouncith th w o t dy ho lnecessar thir yfo s work was to be raised. Which being considered by the Magistrates and Council, they did thereby unanimously approve of Captain Eraser's plan and estimate ; an n ordei d encourago t r greao s ed usefu an t n objeca l thio t t e s th par f o t Country, resolv d agrean e o purchast e e groune th expenseth e th t a d f o e community, provide foon o tt subscriptiod a amon se e b inhabitante go th t w nno s of this City, Leith, and adjacent neighbourhood, can be procured sufficient to defray the remaining expense according to Captain Eraser's estimate ; and recommend to the Provost's Committee to communicate the design in a proper WAX MEDALLION, AND AUTOGRAPH LETTER, OF PAUL JONES. 103

manner to the Judges of the Supreme Courts and also to the Public Bodies in this City Liberties, as well as to Individuals, and with power to the Committee to treat wit purchasd han e fro Robertsor mM grounde nth opeo ,t n subscription, and to do otherways as they shall see cause for expediting this work. •' WM. THOMPSON, Preses."

Petition Portersthe Sawersof and Leith.of " Unt e Honbloth Lore eTh d Provost, Magistrates Councid Cite an ,th yf o l of Edinburgh, the Petition of the seven Companies of Porters and Company of Sawers in Leith, Humbly Shewith— " That upo late nth e alarm of Paul Jones, your Lordship Magistratese ,th d an , Dean of Guild came down to Lawson's and there gave an written order to your Clerk of Leith and depvity shore-master there to summon out the whole Porters Leitn i othed han r workme ereco nt Batterta Sande th Leithn f yso o whicr fo , h we were to be paid by your Lordship and Council. That this order was immediatel n executioni t ypu d everan , y porte n Leit i summoners hwa y db Towe th n Officer Leitf o s atteno ht d upo e spotth n , unde paine th r beinf so g deprived of their badge and rendered incapable of working on the shore, and leso n s thahundree non d sixteedan f youo n r petitioners r othelefou t r work wroughd an t thia t s Battery tilsam e finishedtherefort s i th l y ewa Ma .e please your Lordship and Council to allow your petitioners what you please for our days labour and order payment thereof. ROBERT NOBLE, Boxmaster. " Small Beer, 6/ Lawson's Bill, 13/4d."

3rd November 1780.—"The Shore dues Committee having considered this petition, find that the facts therein set forth are true, and therefore are of opinion that the City Chamberlain should be authorised to pay the Boxmaster Porterse oth f , five pounds sixteen shillings sterlin fuln g i f thei o l r claimd an , Patisonr M alsy opa , Cler Leithf ko , nineteen shilling four-pencd san e lait dou brean o drinkd dan . THO. CLEGHORN, B(ailie)."

IV.—FRO "EDINBURGE MTH H EVENING COURANT." April 25th, 1778.—"Yesterday morning an express arrived to the Lord Provost of Edinburgh, with the alarming intelligence that an American Privatee d appeare coase ha r th Kirkcudbright f f o t of d tha d cree ,an d th t wha landed and proceeded to Lord Selkirk's house, which they pillaged. followine "Th lettee Magistratea th s gi f ro froe mon Kirkcudbrighf so o t the Provost of Dumfries, which was brought by the above express. ' This morning abou n o'clocte t a kprivateer , though e aboub o t tt twenty guns, appeared in the Bay, and have plundered the seat of the Earl of Selkirk, within a mile of Kirkcudbright, of all the silver plate, etc. We expect a visit from them on the return of the tide, as they still hover in our Bay. We are not in a state of defence, nor do we believe anything effective can be done, unles se King'somth troopsf y o e an s d ship ,d noticha ha su f themyo o e f I . 4 10 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S• , JANUAR , Y8 1906 .

we shoul muce b d e bettehth f I themsuppos o r injurt ou bu , l yeal wile b l ove assisn r beforca tu us.'yo e "

Dumfries, April 23rd.—" A gentleman who left Whitehaven this morning informs tha Privateea t abou of rton 260 ts burden lande boatsdtwo ' crewsof t Whitehavetwenta n yme n about half-pas thie on st morning d callean , t a d Nicol Alison's e firsth , t public house, standin ge quay alonth n ,o e struca k light, and guarded the house, that there should be no information ; went to e batterth d spike yan e gun th d s; the n proceeded with combustibles they brought in the boats to the ships in all parts of the harbour, in number at present about one hundred. One man of the crew happily deserted, and gave the earliest information to the town, who upon oath declares, that there are othe armeo rtw d e channel e commissioshipth th n i s d Captaine an ,th f no s si to do all the damage possible both by sea and land ; that the Captain of the said vesse latJohs i l — e nli— n Scotlan d; tha t they come from France (Nantz, if I remember right), and consist of American, .French, Irish and British ; that to his knowledge they had sunk three vessels in the channel a few days past and sent one to France ; that the crew of the said vessel consists of one hundred and fifty men. The said crew that landed had carried away four lads that were guarding their ships. " The town was not fully armed until five in the morning. About that time the two boats left the harbour and made for their ships. Three guns were prepared to bear upon her by six o'clock, but she was by that time about two miles off and they could do her no injury ; when the guns were fired she changed her course and steered towards the Scots shore ; about half past ten f sighto t ,ou steerings wa s apprehendedi e s sh a , Kirkcudbrighe th r fo , t shore. Expresses were at once sent to London, Liverpool, etc. A "cutter was dispatched towards Irelan givo dt e informatio e frigatth o nt e lyin Belfasn gi t Locd han othe r e Channelportth n i s . During their first sta t Whitehaveya n thet yse fire to eight ships, but two of them only suffered materially, and the loss is computed about £600. above "Th e Privateer also sun vesseka l from Stranrae Clydo t r e with meal, and carried off her crew."

April 27th, 1778.—"The deserter, who gives his name as David Freeman, during his examination by the Magistrates and principal gentlemen of White- haven, gav followine eth g information :—The ' Range r' mount six-pounder8 s1 s e lefsh t ; Bres n me Swiveltupwards 6 thre0 ha d 14 d an esf an so week s ago, and has since that time taken or destroyed the following vessels : a ship from London with gentlemen's baggage (sent to Brest) ; a Brig loaden with flax- seed (sunk schoonea ; ) r loaden with Barle d Oatyan s (sunk a sloo ); p from Dublin to London in Balast (sunk) all. abov e cree th "f wTh e o Privatee allowee b r montho s 40t pe rha /da d an , sharl prizesal f eo , such armee fulth l take e e sold b b vesselan y do nt ma s sa value to be divided among the crew. The following are the names of the officers of the 'Ranger': John Paul Jones, Captain; Thomas Simpson, 1st Lieut ; . Elijah Hall d Lieivt2n , ; .Davi d Cullen, Sailing Master; Samuel Wallingford, Lieut. of Marines. " The Captain of the ' Ranger' is said to be a very passionate man, and the crew WAX MEDALLION, AND AUTOGRAPH LETTEK, OF PAUL JONES. 105

very much dissatisfied wit nativa s conduc hs hi i Scotlandf e eo h ; t served an , d his apprenticeshi boar n Friendship,' p o e dth ' formerly belongin thio gt s port; is known to several people here, and went by the name of ' Jack Paul! ; was some timmasteo vessela eag John,' f o e r th ,' belongin o Kirkcudbrightgt ; stood a trial in London for the murder of his carpenter, and was found guilty, but made his escape."

Valentia, County of Kerry, August 23rd, 1779.—"I take the opportunity of informing you by express of the critical condition of our coast, as per affidavit made by seven seamen who deserted from Commodore Paul Jones' ship, who say the yt inst saile1s .e dfroth m Port L'Orien numbern i t sail.x si s " (Here follow lissa t vessels e ofth , etc. )hoard n o "n Jones. me 0 The"d 60 shi s yha pha 2000 sea and land forces on board, with combustibles prepared for setting fire to ships or towns, but could not tell their destination: from their report we suppose it is Dingle, Linieri ck, or Galway. They were becalmed off the Skellings, orden i t keeo thei rd t ou ship' e t pan th rpu sboas heawa t d shoree oifth , which opportunity they took of making their escape, as the ships could not bring their gune boat th beao t sn . o r Fourtee morn nme e have since landen di search of the above ; and as the country was not prepared to receive them, they made their escape. They have namee giveth s f severanu o s l prizes takey nb them, which ships I know; and I would give it as my opinion that a 50 gun frigate would giv egooa d accoun themf Englise o t Th . h sailor boarn so d were prisoner Frenca s f takeo t y depenhnou ma prison u d Yo upo .e trutnth f ho amd thian . s; Sir , yours, etc. PETER BDRKEL. " To Mr John Connel, Gorke."

September 13th, 1779.—" Captain Strong e Shetlanth f o , d Packet, arrivet da Leith this day, reports that thise'enighty ss da passag hi n o , e from Shetland, he saw 2 two-deckers with a brig or snow, which from their appearance he took Frenche tob sloopso ,tw havinw , whicto n g i supposee hh theie b o rdt prizes."

Dunbar, September 15th.—" We are all much alarmed at the appearance of a large frigate, French built, suppose guns0 5 moun o dr t o . 0 4 t "The people in the town have seen just now, by the help of their glasses, a vessel taken by the French frigate, supposed to be the Carron smack. After she had taken the smack, she steered to the Southward."

September 18th, 1779.— repore "Th severaf o t l Frenc hr bein shipwa n gf i s o the mouth of the Frith, which we announced in our last, is too well founded. After spreadin ggeneraa l alarm alon e coastgth , they proceede e Frithth p d,u d yesterdaan y morning early were observed nearly opposit Leitho t e , above the island of Inchkeith, on the north side, about four miles from Leith. " A swift sailing cutter was sent out to reconnoitre : the cutter fell in with them, and found herself within pistol shot of a 50 gun ship. She immediately tacke d feln witi dan l prizha e e themoute Frithd taketh th yha f n ni o h, whic obliges retooke wa hsh t abandoo dt bu , nFrenca n frigatherr gu fo , 4 he2 immediatel very y bo madheryo t spiritedlA p .e u y jumped froe prizmth e boaron cutterdthe , which immediatelwas y boy brough Leithto The .him t 106 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, JANUARY 8, 1906.

examine Lore th dy db Provost , Captain Napier , e sayetcH s. thet fouypu r soldiers, fouofficero rtw boarn meno d sf e whoprizeo an dth , l mal , spoke English ; that the squadron consists of a 50 gun ship, a 24 gun frigate, and a guns0 e cre1 bri Th f wgo . said thed determineyha o Leitcomo t dt p hu e Road, but they sail ill, and yesterday the wind blew violently from the south- west, which drove them down the Frith a good way below the Island of Inch- keith, and at night they were out of sight. a Scotsmashi n Commande e e knoo saigu b s pt " i Th 0 o dt d 5 w e an n th f ro the Coast. Seven sail originally left Dunkirk ; these three parted lately from the rest in the North Sea in a gale of wind. " This morning we had a good deal of rain, and the weather being hazy no intelligence of them could be procured ; but it having cleared up towards noon, Captain Brow Custoe th f no m House Cutter (' Princess Royal' s sen)wa t Commandee th y b Chien i r looo t f k aftee Nort sees th r f o nwa t themo h e H . Inchkeith, wher mad not remains ehe esignala has .but , Every prudent pre- caution has been taken that the time would 'admit of, by erecting batteries, etc. givo t , e them propea r receptio thef ni y attempte inhabite th d lano dt an - d; ants of Leith have behaved with great spirit and readiness to do every thing in their power to defend their town, about 400 being in readiness to take arms. Thi severay sda l field pieces arrive town di n from Perth, escorte a part y b dy of the train of artillery."

Ayr, September 14th.—" slooA p that left Lairn last night cam thin ei s morn- bringd ingan , s account smala f o s l vessel from Liverpoo thao t l t port with salt being taken by Paul Jones about three days ago, just off the mouth of that Loch, and ransomed for 200 guineas. The people belonging to her say that Jones wit s threhi h e frigate channele th s t e a threcam th ;n i e smaller vessels of his squadron came up the St George's Channel and met the others off Tory. They were seen from the town of Lairn, where the militia turned out ; and soon afterwards all went out by the North Channel. The 'Boston' frigate is just now in Loch Ryan, the 'Ulysses' at Liverpool (a new ship built there of 44 guns), and the ' Thetis' at Bristol. These, with the armed cutters on the coast, should be a match for Mr Jones's fleet."

September 20th, 17*79.—"We are informed that a gentleman on the coast of Fife, whil e abovth e e ship se Frith th wer n ,i e sen a boa t n boaro t a d tender requesting a small parcel of powder, in order that the appearance of defence might be made. The boat missed the tender, and, as they thought, went on board a ship of war and delivered their message, received their powder under a double receipt, one for the ship and the other for .the Admiralty, wite abov th a carh o t ed mentioned gentleman informing him ththas shie e' Romneyth tpwa ' (Captain Johnstone), whose namd ean compliments were subjoined to the duplicate of the receipt, mentioning that piloa conductinas for t men the gthe Frith ythethe of kepm,up one etct . presumes i "t I d tha squadroe th t f Frencno h shiplatelo wh sy visiter dou Frith has now left it, as they have not been seen from Leith since Friday evening. Several vessels are also arrived in the harbour, the masters of which say they saw no ships of force. Although the squadron has been on our coasts for eight days, it is yet a matter of doubt whether they are French or WAX MEDALLION, AND AUTOGRAPH LETTER, OF PAUL JONES. 107

America n; however s thea , y were certainly enemies wayo n n si ' e shipsar e w , concerned at their departure."

Dunbar, September 20th.—"The Enemy's squadron appeared in the offing last night, and this evening their largest ship is lying to off St Abh's Head. A vessel was carried into Berwick yesterday hy some fishermen, coal loaded, with several shot through her, withou livina t g s supposesoui boarn e o l sh d; o dt have been taken by the French squadron, and the hands carried oft' or forced to enter with them."

Sunderland, September 21si.— e inhabitant"Th e f thith o s sn i plac e ar e greatest confusion owing to the appearance of Paul Jones' Squadron ; numbers are retiring into the country with their valuables ; post-chaises and other carriages are so much engaged that any money is offered for them. The ships continu sight.n ei "

Scarborough, September 20th.— "a frigat Yesterda d r an o e r a wa shiy f po sloop and cutter appeared about a mile off the pier, supposed to be French ; they fired at several ships, took two, and obliged two others to run into the harbour, after damaging their rigging and sails ; they then steered their course northwards gentlemaA . passeo nwh d through Beverl n Wednesdayo y says ' tha drume Cumberlane th tth n si d Militia were beatin armso gt goin d an , g to march to Bridlington in consequence of 700 men from Paul Jones' squadron having landed at that place.'"

Monday, %Tth September.—" The squadron which lately visited this coast fell in with the Baltic fleet, under convoy of the ' Serapis,' of 44 guns, and ' Countes e th Scarborough,f so ' arme de Yorkshir shipth n o , e coast Fridan o , y last, when an engagement immediately began. The' Countess of Scarborough' struck afte e seconth e r th d4 gund 3 broadsidan r s; o a frigat2 3 o t ef o e ' Serapis,' after losing about one hundred men, was obliged to submit to the large ship and the others which attended her. The convoy dispersed, and several ran on shore near Scarborough ; none are said to be taken. " This account \vas given by two people who belonged to the ' Grant of Wemyss,' Frithe take th d who n i an , , aftee actionth r t int go ,smalo a l boat alongsid large eth e ship whil e prisonerth e s were exchanging fro r shipsmou . A gentleman arrive t Leitda h brought this news. Notwithstandin seemine gth g authorit above th f yeo relation have w , e reaso believo t n efictiona thas i t i t , raised with a design to serve some malevolent purposes, as we have authority thay o officiasa n t o t l s accountreacheha t i df s o this place, which would certainly have been the case had the story been founded in truth."

September ZQth.—"The report of the enemy off Scarborough, though not credited s stili , l kep strengtheo t upd an ;lettea receivet e ni b sais i r o dt d from a gentleman of that place, which says that the writer saw the engagement; that it continued for four hours ; that Jones' ship was almost a perfect wreck, and must have gone to the bottom or struck to her antagonist, though of inferior force, had not the ' Alliance,' one of her associates, come to her assistance. This letter further says that all the merchant ships escaped during 108 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, JANUARY 8, 1906.

th eothee th actio n rcredible o hand nar ; e w ,y informed tha respectabla t e gentlema f thino s city n possessioii s lettea f o n r fro boarn mo dshia p near Scarborough posteriowhica n o f battlo e ,y hth da sais eri e havo datdt th o et happened, which take notic o . sn it Thi f eo s circumstance, therefore, joineo dt the want of official information, renders the matter still doubtful."

Hull, September 25th.—"The 'Serapis e 'Countes' frigatth d an ef Scar o s - borough,' armed ship, havin e fleegth t fro e Baltimth c under convoy, were attacked between Flamborough Head and Scarborough by Paul Jones' Squadron, when, after a severe engagement, in which the 'Serapis' lost her main-mast, bow-sprit, mizzen-top-mast, and otherwise much shattered, as was ' Countes alse oth f Scarborough,o s ' they were both takenmerchane Th . t ships separated during the action ; part took shelter on the coast near Scarborough and two are arrived at Hull. A valuable ship bound for Quebec was taken on the north of Scotland, also a letter of marque of Liverpool, and several other prizes were take sund nan k off Whitb Jonesy yb ' Squadron."

October 2nd, 1779.—"The following ships which sailed from Spithean i d ques f Pauo t l Jones arrive n Leiti d h Road, viz.—th ' Prudent,e guns4 6 ' , Captain Burnet; the ' Amphrite,' of 28 guns, Captain Byne ; the ' Pegasus,' of 28 guns, Captain Bazely ? the ' Medea,' 28 guns, Captain Montagu; the 'Champion,' 24 guns, Captain Hamilton. The 'Earl of Abercorn, . BeatsonW ' , junior, master, which came wit y dowwa h ne parth f o t lase th t fleet from Londo Leithr nfo t parte,bu d wit Sunderlano ht theo g mo t d to lode coals for the Baltic, was taken by Paul Jones' Squadron and ransomed for £800. The famous Paul Jones is said to have upwards of £15,000 for his shar f captureeo s durin s voyage.ghi "

October 18th.—"A gentleman in Amsterdam, writing to his friend in Leith, says:—'You may count a very fortunate circumstance for your town and shipping that this gentleman, meaning Paul Jones, was prevented from hurting you when he was in your Frith by a strong easterly wind and the springing of a mast, as,' in a conversation I had with him in this city, he assured me that it was his intention to seize the shipping in the harbour, and t fire coul h suco se et t carr s o t no a dh yseem e wele offH b .l o s t acquainte d with the coast, and knew there was no force there to oppose him. One of the men escaped from Paul Jones says that in the engagement with the ' Serapis' Jones, almost exhausted with fatigue, the sweat pouring off him, sat down upon couLieutenane n th he p ; e th f Marine o td said an ,r God' sm " Fo wen hi so t t sake, Captain strike.s u t ,le " Jones looke t himda , pause somr dfo e time, then leapt from his seat, and said, " No ; I will sink ; I'll never strike."'"

V.—FROM "THE CALEDONIAN MERCURY." Port Glasgow, April 27th, 1778.—" Last night Captain Crawford of the ' Cum- braes Wherry' arrive n towi d n fro ma cruise , confirm e newspapeth l al s r intelligence concerning the rebel privateer on the coast; and further adds, that on Friday last the same rebel privateer of 24 nine pounders and 140 WAX MEDALLION, AND AUTOGRAPH LETTER, OF PAUL JONES. 109

stont men, intending some mischie n Belfasi f t Loch t findin, bu wen , in gt the ' Drake' sloop of war there, stood out again. The ' Drake,' not knowing wha wase sh t, senboar gand he tpresan o t gt handsr she , whic ' Eange e hth r' took and carried along with them, and the 'Drake' followed her, and that evening engaged ; and after a very hot engagement for an hour and five minutes, the ' Drake' was obliged to strike ; the Captain and First Lieutenant killed, 22 men killed and wounded. She had also one of her top- masts carried away. They were so close on the Galloway coast that Captain Crawford, lyin n Locgi h Gair, hear e firingdth , made loosd stooan e d out, but before she got in sight the ' Drake' was going away with the privateer. d takeha ne somSh e fishin ge coas boat th f Ireland o n t o s , whose crews were ironn i t spu durinl al e engagementgth oves t whewa rbu , t theni y werl eal put in boats again and sent away, and on their passage to the shore Captain Crawford intercepted them and got all the intelligence."

Whitehavvn, April 28(fc.—"At the request of the Committee, the 'Hussar,' Captain Gurly, sailed from henc n Sundao e y nigh r Belfastfo t o inquirt , e into the taking of His Majesty's sloop, the 'Drake'; after which, and getting what intelligence he can of the ' Eanger' privateer (or any other enemies in Channel)e reques e th returo e t th th repors d t i a f nan o e te samed h , th t An . Committee, Captain Perry and Captain Sharpe are also on board the ' Hussar' thin i s necessary expedition vesseA . (arriven l fro IslMa e mf th eo d yesterday) brings accounts of the ' Drake' having two companies of soldiers on board ; that she was taken by a privateer, supposed to be the ' Ranger.' She made a stout resistance, and in the engagement lost her bolt-sprit and fore-top-mast. Four companie here militiw e th no . f e so aar t int l clearepu al o e fort d e gune ordeth ar "dan st Th a s r; som alse eoar plante norte th e presenn hdo th wall d tan ; measures hopeds i t i , , wil pere lb - severed in till the fortifications are thoroughly completed. A committee of gentlemen is appointed, and a subscription opened for defraying whatever expenses may be incurred in the defence of the town. " Sunday last a company of gentlemen volunteers were formed for the protection of the town, exclusive of the ten companies of seamen, etc. " The ' Olive Branch,' Captain Angus, also arrived here yesterday morning, had spok ' Hear e f eOakth o Englist n ship)n (a ' gu 0 , h 2 poine of fth f Airo t . Three other vessel f considerablo s e Channeleth forc e alsn i ar eoe ,b sai o t d pursui n ' Satisfaction,enemyi e e th f Th o t . ' armed ship, sailed from Glasgow last Thursday. The 'Thetis' frigate was to sail on Friday. Saturday last, about twelve o'clock at night, a boat full of men attempted to land at Workington. Same tim a ecutte r stoo n i betweed e perchesth n t bu ; being hailed by the people on guard, who threatened to fire on them, they sheered off. " Other alarming intelligence arrive Sundan o d y morning, broughe th y b t ' Mary Ann,' Captain Robinson, from Belfast arrivee H . d about nined an , reported on oath that on Saturday afternoon he spoke a boat in the Loch of Belfast belongin Draper' e th o gt ' bri f thago t place informeo wh , tham dhi t the 'Drake' sloop of war was taken on Friday afternoon and carried away to the northward. Soon after he spoke four fishing boats, who all gave the same disagreeable information, having seen the engagement between her and 0 11 PROCEEDING SOCIETYE TH F O S , JANUAR , 1906Y8 .

three privateers, two rigged as ships, the other a brig. The engagement lasted neahourso rtw . " Captain Eobinson further says that soon after he got clear of the Loch he sae abovwth ee northwarshipth o t s f himo d , their courses d haulean p u d their top-sails on the cap, hut at too great a distance for him to ascertain their force. ' Hussar e "Th ' cruiser, belongin Custoe th o gt m hous t Whitehavenea , fell witn i above hth e privatee rr las ofPoine Ai tfth f Sundao t refusind an y; o gt bring to, the privateer endeavoured to sink the ' Hussar,' but she luckily escaped, with her sails and rigging much wounded."

Dunbar, 14th September 1779.—" This forenoon a large ship came up from the eastward under a press of sail; when opposite this place, she fired two shots at a ship that was to windward of her, which ship hoisted an English ensign, as did the other one. I and many others suspected her to be an enemy ; and the ship she brought to is either a prize she has taken or one of her consorts. If her consort, she has been looking into the Frith to see what force is there, as she was seen coming from the west of the Bass this morning before she was e largjoineth ey b dship d thian ,s nigh have w t e receive expresn a d s from Eyemouth, acquaintin s thagu t four French ships have taken, this dayo ,tw ships withi na vermile w yfe f tha o s t place n consequenci , f e whico ear e hw under arms, as it may perhaps be an object for them to burn our Greenland ships arid other craft in the harbour. We have sixty of the West Fencibles, commanded by Captain Fergusson, who is very active and attentive in placing proper guard. ' But what we want much is three or four field pieces, and indeed som thesf eo e cannon shoul evern i e db y seaport, effectuaao sn l defence ca made nb e without themshie Th pdeckeo . tha ofs a tw fr a wa t hero r s ewa large frigate with some ports below, as I clearly perceived two ports open on her quarters. " By a letter from Dunbar, dated the llth current, we are informed of the capture of the ' Mary,' Captain Shields, belonging to that port, and bound to Marstrand, being take sunkd n an , n O.Nlati , 57 . . This intelligenct go s ewa fro mWhitehavea n vessel thatakes ransomed twa n an sam e th ey dprivateerb . taked ha ne manSh y other vessel Norte th n hsi Sea."

Eyemouth, September 19th,—"We were yesterda a gooy d deal alarmet a d the appearance of the three French vessels. They were observed off St Abb's e morningHeath n i d , but, fro e thicknessmth altogethee b coule t w , dno r certai f whano t they were tile eveningth l , whe t ni cleared . They stretched southto the keepin and , nea windgas shor the the r as e, then about S.W., would allow them. A small brig, the' Young Benjamin ' of Dysart, Normand master, loaded with coals outwards, appearing from the North, and several sloops from the South, the commander of the King's boat and several of our fishing boats went out to warn them of their danger ; and we are happy to inform you l ,saf al the et int yharbour.go e oth "

Berwick, \Qth September.—" This afternoon our fishing boats boarded a brig of about 200 tons, coal load, a little to the northward of our harbour, with no person on board, and plundered of everything. They have brought her to the WAX MEDALLION, AND AUTOGRAPH LETTER, OF PAUL JONES. Ill

harbour mouth, but cannot get her in this night. I do suppose she is a vessel thabees ha tn take privateer e e Fritnth th cominy f hb o t sg ou tha t have been off here some days." Dunbar, September 21st.—" On Friday night the French squadron was seen off this place after they came dow Frite nth h; abou t Tynesan closdo s the ey yla wite shorth h e thae countrth t y people imagined they were goin lano t g d immediately. They have since been descried to the Eastward, and on Saturday and Svinday much alarmed Eyemouth. Before they went up the Frith on Thursday they pursue Sunderlana d d brig thad comha t e that morning from Leittide th e h ; bein g out e unablbris ,th gwa mako et harboure eth , therefore castled e enemyol wen Th e .th t camd y closstoob an en n e i dwithio n musket shot. The town was alarmed ; the Magistrates ordered the Drum to go through and proclaim that every man who would take arms should appear immediately. The Commanding Officer drew up the Dragoons upon the Kirkhill, and every n readinesi thin s g wa r givin fo s g Monsieur a war m reception t whebu ,e nh saw thi turnee sh d about shie Frithd steere e brit intth pan Th r g go o .fo d the harbour next tide, where she still lies. t justic e inhabitantbu th s i o et "t I thif o s s plac mentiono et , they behaved exceedingly well upon thif theo s me occasion on remove t No . d froe mth place, although e countr somth f eo y gentlemen wer panio s e c struc shifo t s kta their quarters companiex Si . formee ar s d amongs e inhabitantsth t thed an ,y are learning their exercise. Four batteries are erected ; one upon the Kirkhill, on castleed upool ninepounderf e o ,n th s save warf do d ' Foxfro n ,e an mth ma ' one upon each side of the harbour. A party of Captain Napier's men arrived on Friday to manage the guns, under the command of Captain Younghusband. " The alarm occasioned by the appearance of an enemy upon our coasts is now entirely subsided, as it seems agreed upon all hands that they have gone shipo offTw s .wer sighn i e t this afternoon ' Emerald , e supposeth e b ' o t d anothed an r British frigate."

Newcastle, September 22nd.—" The French privateers that have spread such terror with you came all the way along the coast with me, and on Sunday morning came off our harbour and took, in sight of thousands, two vessels coming in. A sloop from Hull is just arrived which they took this morning and ransomed for three hundred guineas, the only vessel they have ransomed since they went on the cruise ; owing to the two women who were passengers, happened an Scotse knowe b ar creo e o dt ,o som nth t thesw wh f o e e begged the vessel might be ransomed, that the women might be let ashore at Newcastle; and before they left them, saw them set fire to two vessels which burned to the water's masteedge e Hule Th th .f l r o vesse beejuss w ha nlno t examined before identica e Mayore th th says d i t s i an ,' lPau l Jones, tha d shis an hi 'tp carrie4 d4 ' Union e r e harboushipth th ou f gun e toof o s h f 'so of s; kthae wa r on t Chatham, a fine brig, which Jones and the crew were for filling with combustibles and sending her into Shields harbour to set tire to the shipping there, which at present amounts to about two hundred and thirty sail; that scheme, however, they laid aside, and this morning they sunk her between Whitby and Scarborough. The ' Emerald' frigate of 32 guns is come down, t dar t loobu et them.no k a " 2 11 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , JANUAR , 1906Y8 .

gentlema"A Shieldn i s writin higo t s frien Edinburgn di h says:—' Yesterday this place was very much alarmed by the appearance of several large French privateer coaste th I counten .s o t carr whicf no do y sixd o lesdi h, tw s than 40 guns each ; they captured a brig and sloop within sight, and chased a fleet of loaded colliers, which luckily escaped the runniny mb g into Stockton. They approache neao harboue s d th r expectes r thawa t i t d they intende lano dt d; the farmers drove their cattle off the coasts and several people fled from their houses above Th e. shipe Frenc supposee th s ar e b h o squadrot d n that lately appeare thin do s coast."

September 27th, 1779.— gentlema"A arriveo nwh n Edinburgi d h last night from Newcastle says, befor e lefh e t that currentl s placwa t ei y reported there that several enemies' ships had fallen in with a large fleet of merchantmen from e Balticth , off Scarboroug h; upo firse nth t discover whicf yo h the throwd yha n out signals to their convoy, consisting of a 40 and 20 gun ships, who immediately d cleare an camn engagemente decka p th dr u e fo s d madan , e signalr fo s merchantmee th firse th mako nt t r e safbes fo f th e theieo y t portwa r . That n engagemena t accordingly took place, which lasted four hours, whee th n convoy were forced to strike to the superior force of the enemy, and that a number of the merchantmen, to avoid being taken, had run ashore. This alarming intelligence, we are hopeful, is void of foundation in truth."

Newcastle, September 25th.—"Sunday morning five sai Frencf lo h ships appeared off Tynemouth bar, when they ' Speedwelltoo e kth ' sloop, John Watson master, with timber from Hull for this port, who gives the following account:—That on Sunday last, about four leagues off Tynemouth bar, he was taken by a two- decked ship carrying 44 eighteen-pounders, commanded by Paul Jones ; a large barque carrying 34 nine-pounders, commanded by Denis Nicholas Colineau ; and a snow carrying 14 nine-pounders, knows not the commander's name, nor the name of Jones' ship ; the name of the barque is the ' Pallas,' the name of th ' Vengeance.e e snoth ws i ' Says ' Pallas tha e chiefls th t wa ' y concernen di taking his sloop, and also in taking a Chatham brig called the ' Union,' just abou same th t e tim placd ean e ; tha Commandete Joneth d ' Pallas se an th f 'o r disagreed about the said sloop and brig ; that Jones proposed to make the brig a fir e seno t r int shiphe d o an , Shields harbour, whic e Commandeth h r of the ' Pallas' would not agree to. That the Commander of the ' Pallas' proposed to ransome the sloop, as she had a woman on board big with child, which Jones woul t agred no sayin, eto orders ghi s wer ransomo et e none, but to burn, sink, or destroy all; but the next day, about twelve leagues off land, between Scarborough and Filay Bay, having been carried thither, the Commande ' Pallas e th f 'o r ransome slooe threr dth pfo e hundred poundsd an , samtooe mate th k t th ehostag s a etim a placd d ean an e; they sun brie kth g ; and Watson believes they would not have ransomed his sloop, but would have sunk her too, if he had not the woman on board. Jones had one or two and ' Pallas e th ' fou fivr o r e English master boarn o s d (beside numbesa f otheo r r prisoners) whose ships the taked yd destroyedha nan . Watson say undere sh - stoo e Commodore dhundreo th Jonee tw b d o st dha d tha marinee an ,h t n so board Commandee Th ' Pallas,e ransom . e th th y b f ' o er bill, styles himself thu s: Deni s Nicholas Colineau f Kologueno , , Captai a man-of-wa f no e th n i r WAX MEDALLION AUTOGRAPD AN , H LETTEK F PAUO , L JONES3 11 .

servic e Uniteth f eo d State f America so e Commande th d an ,e America th f o r n frigate the ' Pallas.' The sailors belonging to those three ships of war appeared Watsoo t e chieflb o nt y Frenchmen t severabu , f theo l m spoke good English, d thos an e supposeh e e Americansb o t d . They hoisted English colourst bu , Watson saw they had both American and Swedish colours."

Wednesday, September 29th, 1779.— sorre ar inforo ye t " W readerr mou s that the capture of the ' Serapis' of 44 guns and the ' Counters of Scarborough' of 20 guns, convoe Baltith o ct y fleetgainw no ,s s saicrediti t dI thae . th t ' Serapis' had silenced the guns of the 50 gun ship, with which she had been engaged instane fouth t r a hour t expecte s whebu wa s; t nwouli e dsh d strike, foughd takeha d ' Countesshipn o e an t gu nth wh , 6 3 Scarborough,f so a ' came up to her assistance, by which means the 'Serapis' was obliged to submit to their superior force. Under this sever d humiliatinean g stroke soms i t i e, consolatio refleco nt t tha merchantmene th t , fro e bravermth f theiyo r convoy, had time to make their escape ; and that there is more than a probability that our ships of war, as well as those who took them, will soon make their appearance in the British port, as the ' Prudent,' 64 guns, the ' Andromeda,' ' Pegasus,' and 'Medea, gun2 ' Champion,'o3 e f s o th 'each d an , guns4 2 f , which lately sailed on a secret expedition from Portsmouth, were destined to scour this coast, and are supposed to'be in pursuit ot' them."

Newcastle, September 25th.—" The ' Prospect,' of 18 guns, Captain Cram, of this port, a light collier on her first voyage from London, was becalmed near Jones' ship for some time, when lie made preparations to engage if attacked, askind an cree gth wf thei y would stan himy db , the l declarey al laste th ,o dt thef o e m on sai woule d dh an d rather pounde6 hav3 guts a ehi sn i rtha o ng into a French prison. But a fresh breeze springing up he made into port and arrived safe." October 2nd, 1779.—Bridlington, September 24i/i.—"n yo t I bu doub t no t have heard of the alarming situation we have been in since Tuesday night; but, thank God, as yet we have only been terrified by this Paul Jones. An engagement took place at seven last night, and continued till two this morning, betwee ' Serapis e th n ' 4 gunsfrigat4 f ,o ee assiste' Countesth y b df o s Scarborough,' arme dguns0 shiPau2 d f an p,o l Jones Homme,n 'Bo ship' e th ', guns4 o4 f , with some smaller vessels, off Flamboroug sorrm a hyI Head an d; to say that this rascal Jones has now with him our two ships, with their Com- manders, who so distinguished themselves in a most gallant manner, though oblige t lasd a surrende o t t superioo rt r force, after having made almos wreca t k of Jones e 'Serapis'ship n mastr Th ow he '. d s shoha t away. Several sailors made their escape d havan , e been examined this afternoo e Keyth t t a ,nbu their storie e differenn sar Joneso t me s 0 a t '14 losd s; somha e f theh eo y msa shis killehi p d quitdan a ewrec k; the thay ysa t Jones destroo 't plas nwa y Scarborough, Burton Hulld an , , with some other place thad intendee an h t s; d landin t Flamborougga h high.yesterdao to n " ra ya morningse e th t bu ,

Scarborough, September 24t/i.—" On Monday last Paul Jones with his fleet appeared about three leagues off this place, and, as supposed, having had VOL. XL. 8 114 PKOCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, JANUARY 8, 1906.

information that the East country fleet was to pass this way, kept cruising about till Thursday morning, when the Baltic fleet appeared, convoyed by the ' Sefapis' frigate of 44 guns and the ' Countess of Scarborough,' armed ship, of 20 guns, the enemy not then in sight, but about half-past six in the evening they made their appearance, consistin shipe th f sg o mentione annexee th n di d affidavit t seveA . nmosa t desperate engagement began, which continued till past eleven. It was observed by many that they tired sixty times in three minutes ' Serapis e d JonesTh an .' ' ship wer closo s e mosn i e e t th par f o t action that they might have boarded each other." September 24th, 1779.—" The Examination of Thomas Berry, borii at North Shields, taken upon oath before H. Osbaldistone, Esq., one of His Majesty's e justiceEase peacth th r t f fo e o Ridinse Count th f o f go y York. " This deponent saith, that he was taken about eighteen months ago in the 'Hawk' letter of marque and carried into Port L'Orient; that, in hopes of getting his liberty, he entered six months since on board Paul Jones' ship, the ' Bon Homme Richard,' of 40 guns and about 350 men. That they sailed from L'Orient about two months ago, their force consisting of the ' Bonne Homme Richard'; the ' Alliance,' an American frigate of 36 guns, which last is supposed to have been taken on the coast of Ireland ; that they sailed from L'Orient to the western coast of Ireland, from thence to the North of Scotland, where they took a valuable prize bound to Quebec, laden with military stores, and another prize, a letter of marque from Liverpool; also two other prizes and several colliers were sunk off Whitby. That Jones' squadro beed daynx ha nsi s between ' Berwick' and the ' Humber,' and his declared intentions were to make a descent somewhere on the coast; that on Tuesday last he ordered all his oars to be muffled and his boats ready to be hoisted out; that on Wednesday mornin ' Alliance e g th ' Pallas d an ' ' joined Jones off Flamborough Thursdan Heado d an , y evening about seven thet wit e easme yhth t country fleet, convoyed by a 40 gun ship and an armed ship ; that the 40 gun ship engaged Jones alone for about four hours till Jones' fire ceased, having been several times on fire and very near sinking. That Jones called to the ' Alliance' for assistance, who came up and gave the 40 gun ship a broadside, which, being totally disabled, struc k; tha t Jones' officer s' Alliance callee th o d t hois o t t ' ou t their boats, as their ship was sinking, in one of which the deponent and six other men made their escape to Filay."

VI.—FRO "E SCOTMTH S MAGAZINE," xl., 1778 xli.d ,an , 1779. Whitehaven, April 23rd, 1778.— littl"A e before three o'clock this morning n rappema t severaa a d l door n Malborougi s h Streete (adjoininth f o e on g piers) and informed the people that fire had been set to one of the ships in the harbour, matches were laid in several others ; the whole would soon be in a blaze, and the town also destroyed ; that he was one belonging to the privateer escaped e purposha th t r bu ,dfo f saving o e f possiblei , towe d th , nan shipping from destruction. The alarm was immediately spread, and his account proved too true. The ' Thomson,' Cap. Rich. Johnson, a new vessel, WAX MEDALLION, AND AUTOGRAPH LETTER, OF PAUL JONES. 115

fineswaterthe low tof ,eve consea flamewas one r in It built -.and was , quently all the shipping in the port was in the most imminent danger, and the vessel on which they had begun the diabolical work, lying close to one of the steaths, there was the greatest reason to fear that the flames from it be communicated to the town. But, by an uncommon exertion, the fire was extinguished befor t reacheei e rigginprovidentiathisa d e shidth th an n i ,p; f go l manner, prevented all the dreadful consequences which might have ensued. The incendiaries had spiked most of the guns of both our batteries, several matches were found on board different vessels, and other combustible matter in different e harbourpartth f o s . Freeman (the deserter) s examinationhi n o , , declared that the party landed consisted of thirty men ; that they belonged to the 'Ranger' privateer, fitted out at Piscataqua in New England, Captain Jones commande ; rthamounte e sh t gun8 1 d s besides swivels d haboarn o an d, d between 140 and 150 men ; that she had taken two prizes and sent them into Franc d thae Captaian th te; n declared thae destructioth t f Whitehaveo n n was his first object, seizing the person of Lord Selkirk was the next thing he wished, after whic woule h h s passag hi d n saiBresto r e fo ld sink an , , burnd an , destroy whateve belonginy wa . Britain.s rG hi fel o gt n i l "

Dumfries, April 24f/i, 1778.—"Yesterday afternoon an express arrived from Kirkcudbright with accounts that an American privateer of 20 guns had landed nea Isle t Mary's)rth e(S parta d plundered yan , ha fro r mhe d Lord Selkirk's house. Mrs Wood, lady of the late Governor of the Isle of Man, at present residing there, had gone, two or three days ago, on a visit to Lady Selkirk returned an , d here last nighte informSh . s that theale lar y well and in good spirits ; and says that yesterday morning, between ten and eleven, a servant brought word that a press-gang had landed near the house. This the party from the privateer had given out, in order, as was supposed, to get servante th l d otheral mighsy o an wa swh te opposth ou f o t e them. Presently between thirt fortd y an whof yo l arme mal camn , plantedme eup d themselves round the house except three who entered, each with two horse-pistols at his side ; and, with bayonets fixed, they demanded to see the lady of the house : and upon her appearing, told her, with a mixture of civility and rudeness, who they e platwere th d tha el an ,al mus t deliveree b t themo dt . Lady Selkirk behaved with great composure and presence of mind. She soon directed her plate to be delivered ; with which, without doing any other damage, or asking for watches, jewels r anythiho , g else (whic s odd)i h e gentlemeth , n made off. Ther reasos ei thino nt k that there were some people among them acquainted with person placesd n particulai s an d an ,fellowe on r , suppose havo t d e been once a waiter at an inn in Kirkcudbright. The leader of the party, who was e captaie th vesselth t f no no , told that their intentio o seizt s e wa nLor d London i w no Selkirk n ; thas otheo i o tw t r wh ,privateer s wer• t d hanea an d; that thed bee yha t Whitehavenn a , where the burnd yha t some small vessels, t donge t e whano d tdi t thebu y intended. Whe e affaiendeds nth wa r , Lady Selkirk, wit r familh he visitors d yan , house.lefe th t "

September 1779.—" An express arrived at Dublin, August 27, with an account that Paul Jones (wh n oAprii l 1778 plundere e Ear th f dSelkirk'o l s house, and endeavoured to set fire to the town of Whitehaven) made his 116 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, JANUARY 8, 1906.

appearance on the coast with three ships of force ; and that heiug in want of provisions and fresh water, he landed a number of men, who carried off a parce f sheeo ld oxen pan r whic fo , e bountifullh y paie ownersth d d an , immediately weighed anchor without committin sory hostilityf gan o t . Seven men landed at Inveragh, Aug. 23, in the morning, who said they had escaped the proceeding night from Jones's squadron, which had sailed from Franc e 10thth n . eo The taked yha n fou o'cloce r prizes on e sam t kth A e. day, seventee landedn nme , suppose n pursuii e abov e th b f o eo tt d seven. Nine of these were taken and lodged in" Tralee gaol. The squadron lay at Skellix, in full view. The Lord Lieutenant caused communicate to the board of custom e intelligencth s e whic s Excellenchhi d receivedyha , which that board published, dated Custom House, Dublin, Aug. 27, viz.: ' That on the 24t o'cloche inston t ka . seve landen n me t Ballinskellixa d e countth n i ,y of Kerry, fro mfrigata e calle ' Bo e ndth Homme, 1 commande Pauy b d l Jones, mountin guns0 g4 , havin ' companPallas. ge in ' Alliance th e , ' th yo36 f f o ' larga d e an Grand e , gunscutte8 L 1 ' 14 ' f Revengee f ,o o 32r'e th , th , 12 f o ' having on board in all about 2000 men. The people imagine that Jones's intentions are to scour the coast and burn some principal towns, having a quantit combustiblef yo s shippe boarn d o e vesseldth n France.i s ' According a letter o t , dated Corke, Augus , Jone s 31 thete f Dinglewa th of sn d an ; * Tartar' privateer, of 22 guns, then in Corke harbour, had had an engagement for an hour with one of Jones's ships, but the rest coming up, he escaped by his ship being a prime sailer. A naval armament of two two-decked ships, a frigate,-and a sloop were seen for two hours, September 6th, off Lerwick in Shetland. They carried away a lioat and four men from the Island of Mousa ; and after bearing down on Brassa sound, they collected their force, tacked and steered S.E. "Expresses arrived at Edinburgh in the morning of Sept. 15. to the commande e boarth f Customs o o dt chiefn r i d an , , with accounts that three ships were seen off Eyemout forenooe d th e proceedinha n th i h d f no an y gda taken two prizes, and at the same time a ship supposed to mount 40 or 50 guns sees wa n off Dunbar, within seve r eighno broughd t shoree mileha th d f so ,an t toa three-maste d vesse Frithl the whiccarrie of and com, hhad her d out e along with them. At five p.m. of Sept. 16 they were seen from Edinburgh steerin Fritnexe d th an thp ; gmornin u g they were nearly opposit Leilho et , above the Island of Inchkeith. But the wind blowing violently from the south-west, they were drove so far down the Frith as to be out of sight by night. Their intention seem havo st e bee buro n t shippin e nth Leithn gi d ha , wine th dt forceno d them dow frithe t npropeth bu , r precautions were taken to defeat such an attempt. In one day three batteries were erected, two at the citadel and one near Nevvhaven, on which were mounted 30 guns, besides carronades, howitzers ,e fouetcth r; . incorporation f Leito s h petitionee th d commande stan0 10 armf n chie di ro r eacr fo sffo h incorporation, which were forthwith sent them from Edinburgh castle ; parties of military and seamen were on guard all night of the 17th, and stationed upon the coast at proper places ; and the recruiting sergeants and their parties were likewise called in to do duty. All the towns upon the coast were greatly alarmed. The largest shi wity broadsidr pla hhe e opposit a mil t eKirkcaldyo bu et fro s mwa d an , that town. Several prizes were taken by them, some of which, after plun- dering, they set adrift. It was not certainly known whether these ships were WAX MEDALLION, AND AUTOGRAPH LETTER, OF PAUL JONES. 117

French or Jones's squadron from Ireland. The squadron, or part of it, was seen off Newcastl e 19t r th 20tho hn d theeo an , y took several vessels. They were seen likewise from other places on the coast." Copenhagen, Oct. 2. — " In consequence of a requisition by Mr Eden, envoy-extraordinary fro e Courmth f Londono t e Kin th s ordere, ha g o tw d transport-ships, brought into the port of Bergen by a frigate calling herself one of Paul Jones's squadron, to be delivered up. The English ships above mentioned were the ' Betsy' of Liverpool and the ' Unicorn' of London, for Quebec and New York, laden on account of government. His Majesty, when he ordered those vessels to be restored with their cargoes, gave orders to stop e Americath n corsair twenty-four hours after their departure preveno t , t them a' second time from being incommoded."

Amsterdam, "Oct. — Tuesda 8. y last, Paul Jones, witprizethe h the s ' Serapis' and 'Countess of Scarborough,' entered the Texel, and this day he appeare exchangee th n do wae H s . dressee Americath n di n uniform, wita h Scotch bonnet edged wita middlin f ho gol s i d; g stature, stern countenance, swarthd an y complexion."

Hague Gazette, Oct. 15.—"W e desirear e o insert d e followinth t g attesta- tion, taken upon oath, to show how much the enemies of G. Britain endeavour by every means to set the neutral powers against that nation. "On'the 4th of October a sailor, who served on board the 'Epervier,' formerl n Englisa y h lette f marqueo r , declaredf o t , ou tha t n ordei tge o t r prison in France he had engaged to serve on board the ' Black Prince,' of Dunkirk, commanded by Luke Ryan, an Irishman ; that on the 10th of Angust they pillaged eight English coas-ters ; and afterwards, under English colours, they plundered several Dutch vessels, although they had their colours hoisted ; that on the 8th of September they met a Danish vessel, into which Captain Ryan fired a broadside and pillaged her. The deponent also declares e 12tth thaf hn Septembeo o t a rDutc t theme hy brig, which they also plundered deponene Th . t further declares e mosth tn i sacre, d manner, that the said Luke Ryan always hoisted English colours when he pillaged neutral vessels. The same deponent also says, that the ' Black Prince' came into Dunkirk on the 26th of September ; that Ryan was going out again in another vesse eighteef o l ' Blacn thad gune th kan t s; Prince ' will sail again aftee sh r repaireds i , unde e comman th rNewlande on f do , als Irishmann oa wild an ,l have an American commission, but sail as a smuggler. " Another sailor also o wh , escaped ' Blac froe mth k Prince,' confirmel ai d above th e upon oath."

Hague, November 10th.— e "ReplyStateth y sb Genera a memoria o t l l presented by the British Ambassador, requesting them to stop in the Texel the 'Serapis' and 'Countess of Scarborough,'with their officers and crews and all belonging to them, which had been taken by one named Paul Jones a subjec,e King th f o ,t who, accordin o treatiet g s and the laws of war, falls under the class of rebels or pirates :— " That they were informed that three frigate lateld ha s y e arriveth n i d 118 PROCEEDING F THO SE SOCIETY, JANUAR , 19068 Y .

Texe], namely o Frenc tw ,.ond an he calle n Americanda , commandey b d Paul Jones, bringing with them two prizes taken by them in the open sea, and calle e 'Serapise 'Countesdth th d an f 'Scarborough, o s ' describee th n i d ambassador's memorial. That they have for a century past strictly observed the following maxim, and notified the same by placards, viz., that they will in no respect whatever pretend to judge of the legality or illegality of the actions of e thosope haveo th nn ewh o ,sea , take y vesselnan s t belonwhicno o ho gd t this countryporte th thif f so brind o s y an republi, gan theo t m n c; i tha t they only open their ports to them to give them shelter from storms or other disasters, and that the againa y obligse o t , witet thepu h o mtheit r prizes, withou- un t loading or disposing of their cargoes, but letting them remain exactly as when they arrive d; tha t they wilt examinno l e whethe e prizeth r se taketh y nb three frigate question i s n belon Frence e Americansth th o r gt ho whether o , r the legae yar r illega o l l prizes t leav e determine bu l b ,tha al eo t t d e bth y proper judges ; and will oblige them to put to sea, that they. may be liable retakente othab y b td meanan , s brought befor propee eth r judge. Particularly, Excellencs ashi Ambassadoe yth r must own e woul,h d hav leso en a righ s o t reclaim the above-mentioned ships if they had been private property than as they have been King's ships ; therefore the States General are not authorised paso t s judgment either upon their prizee persoth r f Pauso o n l Jones. That as to what regards acts of humanity, they have already made appear how ready .they are to show them towards the wounded on board those vessels, and that they have given orders accordingly. " At the same time it was resolved to authorise the Admiralty to order matters so tha s soot a thes s possiblea na se e thad o fivt an e,t shipthepu o ysd take car t furnisheeno thee yar d witwarliky han r navaeo l store t whae bu s ar t absolutely necessar carro yt y the e mfirsth saf t o foreigt e n port the comn yca e orden i , at r tha l suspiciotal theif no r being fitte drophert y dou e ma . day w Britise fe sth a hn "I ambassador presente memoriaw ne da l renewing, in the strongest and most pressing manner, his request that those ships and their crews may be stopped and delivered up, which the pirate, Paul Jones of Scotland rebea s i lo subjec criminaa wh , d statee an tth s taken f ha ,o l . thiso '•T , answe returnes wa r d :— " Tha Statee th t s General find themselves unde necessite th r f beseechino y g his Majesty to believe that they still continue in their old maxim of rigid neutralit thatd an , y ; withou t concerning themselves wit decisioy han n respect- legalite th g r illegalityin o e capturth f yo f thos o e e prizes brought into their ports, they will compel them to put to sea ; that they issued, immediately on e entrth f Pauyo l Jones into their harbour strica , t order tha shoule th t dno be supplied with any species of military ammunition, nor any other article of any kind, excepting only such as were necessary for him in going to sea s reachinhi r againfo e firs gth d t an ,por t wher e coulh e receivee b d d; tha t they will likewise give orders for him to depart as soon as his vessels are in therd favourabla an s i ea se conditioa o t t e wilwinpu d o nan t l d ; eve n force obeo t ym thihi s injunction casn i , e there occasion.shouly an e db "

Hague, Nov. 25.—"W e informear e d thae citieth tf Dordtrechto s , Haerlem, Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Schiedam, and the Brille, particularly the third, have protested highly against the contents of the above answer, and WAX MEDALLION, AND AUTOGRAPH LETTER, OF PAUL JONES. 119

have even had their protestations registered in which they required that the expression ' to oblige Paul Jones by force to sail, il he would not do it by fair means,' shoul erasee db d fro e saimth d answer beins a , g incompatible wite hth corpe n futuri dignit th republic e y t prejudiciase th b e ma Bu f yo d . an ,it o t l of Nobles and the other towns reported that it was not time now 10 be taken witp u h such minutia d persistean e; d thae answeth t r shoul deliveree db o dt Englise th whicr h fo ambassado ; hs ther wa alss t i oe majoritwa a s a r y of voices in the assembly. favouree ar e "W d wit followine hth g copy (spelle doriginale exactlth n i s ya ) a oransof m certificat r passporo e y Paub t l Jone o Andret s w Robertson, mastee shith p' Friendshipf ro f Kirkcaldyo ' , whic takes he 14twa nth hf o September going out of the firth with a cargo of coals, and the master and crew.kept prisoner Joney b s s till lat 17the t n nighea o th y f , o beintda e gth which he came near to Inchkeith, and was driven back by a violent south-west wind, when he thought proper to ransom the ship. The passport is of the hand-writing of a marine-officer, and subscribed by Jones. It is observable that Jones call s squadroshi n American, withou lease th t t mentiof no thay an t ships hi s belonge Franceo dt . " I/Honourable Capitaine John Paul Jones, Ecuyer, commandann e t chef 1'escadre Americaine actuellement en Europe, "A tous ceux s preteritequce i s verront, specialement les sujeta l e d s France. "Je certifie par le present passeport, que le vaisseau 'Friendship,' command r Andrepa e Robertson, du por Kirkcalde d t y; e t venant du t liedi u pour alle a Rigaprie r 1'escadr et pa s a , e Americaine j e equ command et qu'ie ;t ransonnes l e: C'es t pourquo e prij it requerre e tous les sujets de la France et de 1'Amerique, de laisser liberement t passevaisseadi e l r ' Friendship,u t continuee ' voyagn so r e sane l s troubler en fa9on quelconque. " Donne a la mer, a bord du ' Bon Homnie Richard,' le dix-sept Septembe l sepMi rt cen t. PAUsoixantJ L neuf x JONES.edi . "

Official Report by Paul Jones of the Engagement off Flamborough Head. John Paul Jones gave the following account of his engagement with the ' Serapis, lettea n i ' r date boarn do 'Serapis,e dth Texel e th n i ', Oct , 1779.3 o ,t Dr Franklin t Passa , y :— 23re th Septembef do n "O perceivee w r a dfleet , still keepin statioy gm t na Flamborough-head determines N.Ee wa th I o .t , abandoo dt shipe nth s which t anchoa y la n Burlingtoi r n bay hoisted ,an e signageneraa th d r fo l l chase. The fleet itself now very well perceiving that we bore towards it, the merchantmen belonging to it made all their sail to the shore, whilst the two ships of war that attended them for convoy drew off from the coast and put themselves in a disposition for commencing an attack. As we approached the enemy witr sailou hs out ,I mad e signa eth r formin fo l e lin f battlth go e e; eagernesy t witm l bu hal brino st g abou n engagementa t I ,coul t comdno p eu wit e Commodore'hth s vessel till nea r e eveningseveth n i n . When I cam e within pistol-shot he hailed the ' Bon Homme Richard,' which I answered 120 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, JANUARY 8, 1906.

with a complete broadside. The engagement immediately commenced, and was carried on on each side with equal violence and fury, each party using the while every possible manoeuvre to work himself into the most advantageous positio annoyinr nfo e enemycompellem gth a I . acknowledgo t d e thae th t enemy's vesse variouy b l s manoeuvres, infinitely superio ' Bo e nthoso th t r f eo Homme Richard,3 gained sometime advantage sth f situationeo spitn i , everf eo y effort I could make to the contrary. Being engaged with an enemy very much my superior, I found myself under a necessity of being as close as I could, to compensate as much as possible for the inferiority of my strength. My intentio placo t e 'Bos th e nwa n Homme Richard' plume fronn pth i f o t enemy's vessel; but as this operation required much address in the manner of managing and governing our sails, and as some of our yard-arms were by that time gone I coul, t succeeno d n thii d s scheme fulth l n exteni e t firsa I t intended e bow-spri Th e enem. th f o yt happening, however, o comt e within a little of the stern of the. 'Bon Homme Richard,' I availed myself of this opportunit vesselo fasteo tw yt same e swine th nth togethe th et da timd an e r; upon the enemy's ship having her stern plump abreast of the ' Bon Homme Richard, ship o t almos l tw thei sal me e n i rth t' parts, their yards blended with each other, and the mouths of their cannon respectively touched the decks of eac habous vesselwa t evenine I eighth . n i t g when this circumstance took place. At this time the ' Bon Homme Richard ' had received several eighteen- pounders under water, and consequently leaked considerably. My battery of twelve-pounders, upon which I built most, being served by French and American sailors, were entirely silenced and abandoned. As for the six old 'eleven-pounders, which formed the battery of my first deck, they did me little servic e: the y only fired eight timet thera alld n si e an ;bein g first fireo tw d of them burst killed appointen an , dme almose their th dfo l ral t service. "Before this, Col. de Chamillard, who commanded a party of 20 soldiers placed on the poop, had abandoned his post, after having lost all his men except five. " I had now only two nine-pounders that were in condition to fire ; these were placed in the poop, and during the whole of the action we made use of but one large cannone e charge th gun r Mease th th n M o f sd pursero .e ha th , o wh , poop, having receive dangeroua d ss oblige e headwounwa th o I n t d,o d greaa officiat d steads tha hi difficult I n i e. n rallyin; i y n me gr somou f o e but having succeeded in drawing our cannon from the leeward battery, we had now three nine-pounders to play upon the enemy. During the whole engagement the fire from this small battery was seconded only by that of our men from the masts, where Lieutenant Stock commanded. I directed the fire of one of the three cannon, charged with bullets, against the enemy's main- mas otherso ; ttw whil e , th e which were well supplied with case shot, were employed in endeavouring to silence their musketry and clear their decks, which the t lasya t effected I lear. n tha t thia t s instan e enem th upots ywa n poine th askinf o t g quarter, whe cowardice nth r perfideo suby thref m yo -f o e altern officers induce e enemyth e f d Th o e sam .thet th i t emk a timas o t e English commander asked me if I demanded quarter; and upon being answered in the most determined manner in the negative, the combat was renewed with redoubled fury. They were not able to keep their decks ; but the fire of their cannon, particularly of their lower tier, consisting entirely of eighteen-pounders, was incessant. Both vessels were on fire in several places, WAX MEDALLION AUTOGRAPD AN , H LETTER F PAUO , L JONES1 12 .

spectacle th d an e which they exhibite frightfus wa d l beyond descriptionn I . orde accouno rt somn i t e measur timidite th subaltere r th efo f yo n officers, that e masterth f o ,y carpentersa o t s i e heath , d e gunnercaptaie th th d f no an , soldiers, I ought to observe that the two first were dangerously wounded ; and as the ship had received several shots below water, so that they were obliged to keep pumping almost incessantly, the carpenter was apprehensive of her sinking n whici , h othero opiniotw e s th nconcurring e heath , d gunner ran, without my knowledge, to the poop, in order to strike the flag : happily for me shoa t long befor dond office eha e th n carryini e g awa e ensignyth thao s ,e h t was oblige calquarterr o dt fo l . Durin thil gal s tim Hommh e lBo e' e Richard' sustained the engagement alone, and the enemy's ship being far superior in force, could easily have disengaged herself at first, as appeared by their own acknowledgement whicd an ; h they could have t takeeffecteno I n t lastd a ha , care to lash it firmly to the ' Bon Homme Richard.' At length, between nine eveninge th ' Alliance n i e ann th , dte ' appeared I conclude d an , engagee th d - menendn a t a ,t greawheny m to t ,astonishment e fire sh ,a broadsid d e th n i e rear of our ship. We then intreated them, for God's sake, to desist. She nevertheless continue e the firer W ndhe . thre r signalswou , three lanthorns horizontaa middle n th i n i f eo e lon reare line—ond th an , n fronti e e th n on e,i the ship. We all cried with one voice, to inform them of their mistake. But y effectnothin e an passe sh d , :stil gha us d l continuinr he f go firine on g; broadsides kille d woundedan elevey n besm me a dtgoof no d officery M . deplorablsituatiow no s n Hommwa ne Bo ' indee e e th Richardd: ' received several shots below water ' Alliancefro e m th e pumpth ; ' s wer t sufficienno e t to carry oft' the water, and the flames kept increasing on board the two vessels. Some officers f whoso , e courag doubto d integritn ean d ,ha attempte yI o t d persuad yieldo t e captaine em th ; , unknow release, prisonere me th l o nt d al s; t musi confessed e b tan d thaprospecy m t t begae trulb o yt n dreadfulI t bu ; was detfrminecl not to submit. The enemy's main mast began to totter, the fire on board their ship began to abate, while, on the contrary, ours gained ground t lastA ., however, betweeeleved eveninge an th n n i nte , their ship struck her colours. The ship was the ' Serapis,' man of war, commanded by brave th e commodore Pearson vesselw ne a ,, mountin guns4 g4 ,e builth n i t new style, having two batteries, the lowest of which consisted entirely of eighteen-pounders. " I had now remaining two enemies yet more formidable than the English, fire and water. The ' Serapis ' was attacked only by the first, but my ship was assailed by them both. There was six feet of water in the hold ; and though the wind was moderate, we could hardly, with the three pumps we had left, prevent it from increasing ; while the fire, in spite of all our efforts, extended itself till it reached the powder-room. I caused the powder to be carried upon deck, tha t mighti reade b t throo yt w overboar n casi werde w e e driveo nt extremities. It was not till the next day that the fire could be got under. " As to the condition of the ship in other respects, the rudder was entirely carried away, the bars of the ship were nearly shot away, and all the wood- wor generaln ki , fro maie mth ne stern-post inasth o t t , whic d beehha n pre- viously considerably damage e weatherth y b d , wer brokeo s e s n wa tha t i t impossibl determino et actuae eth l degre f injuro e y they altogether sustained, nothind an g less than ocular testimony could giv true varioua th e l ideal sf ao ruin and destruction which this single day had produced. Humanity shudders 2 12 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , JANUAR , 19068 Y .

prospece th t a sucf o t h peculiar horrors issued an , e groareflectiosa th t na f o n terribld an d sa e effecte th s which arise from war. Whe e carpenternth d an s others of judgment in these matters had inspected the vessel, which operation was performed abou e eveningt th fiv n ei , they gave that report unanimously, impossibls thawa t i t keeo et p the' Eon Homme Richard' afloat for suc htima e as would be necessary for making any harbour or coast, and that the attempt woul dangeroue b d s shoul e windth d increas e smallesth e t e degreth n i e world. I was, however,'determined, if it was possible, to keep the 'Boil Homme Richard conduc'o t afloa d an t intti t o some por ; twit h that viee wth Lieutenant of the ' Pallas' was placed with a party of men to serve the pump, and with boats in readiness to receive the crew in case it was impractible to save it. In the meantime the wind increased during the night, and on the mornin 25t the happeareit gof d plainly impossibl hindeto e r this good ship from going to the bottom. The men did not abandon it till nine o'clock. The water then rose to the upper deck, and a little after ten, with a concern which no words can express, I entirely lost sight of her. No person perished with impossibls provisionse wa vessel e th t i f th t o savo ey t bu , I losean . t witr hhe the greatest part of my cloaths, money, and papers. Most of my officers have lost their cloath effectsd san . " Capt. Oottinea engagemenn a d uha t ' Counteswit e hth f Scarborough,so ' and toor afte hour'n khe a r s ' Countescontest e Th f Scarborough. o s n a s i ' armed vessel mounting 20 guns, six-pounders, and was commanded by the Lieutenant of the King's ship. "I forgot to tell you, that immediately after the captain had come on board th e' Bo n Homme Richar middle th d ' e mize scuttld nan ' Serapis ee masth f o t ' fell int sea.e oth "

Official Report Captainsby Pearson PiercyCaptureand the of theirof Ships by Pawl Jones. Admiralty-office, October 12.—"A letter from Capt. Pearson of his Majesty's ship ' Serapis,' to Mr Stephens, of which the following is a copy, was yesterday received at this office :— "'Pallas,' French frigate in Congress service, Texel, October 6, 1779. "' SIR,—You will be pleased to inform the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralt 23rye thath dn ult.o t , being clos witn ei h Scarborough, about eleven o'clock, a boat came on board with a letter from the bailiffs of that corporation, giving informatio flyina f o n g squadro e enemy'th f no s shipse beinth n go e sai th a par df f o o tcoastsquadro d an , n having been seen from thence eth beforey da , standin e southwardth o gt I mad convoe . e signath th er o yt fo l bear down under my lee, and repeated it with two guns ; notwithstanding e convoth f o y n kepwhicva e t hth thei r wind, wit l sailhal , stretchino t t gou southware th d from under Flamborough head, till between twelv d onean e, when the headmost of them got sight of the enemy's ships, which were then chasn i themf eo . They then tacked madd e an ,bes f th etheiundey o t wa r r the shore for Scarborough, etc., letting fly their top-gallant sheets and firing guns ; upon which I made all the sail I could to windward, to get between the enemy's ships and the convoy, which I soon effected. At one o'clock we got sight of the enemy's ships from the masthead, and about four we made WAX MEDALLION AUTOGRAPD AN , H LETTER F PAUO , L JONES3 12 .

them plain from the deck to be three large ships and a brig ; upon which I madCountes' e eth Scarboroughf so ' beinsignae sh shor, join go i t l nme e with the convoy ; at the same time I made the signal for the convoy to make the best of their way, and repeated the signal with two guns ; I then brought to, to let the ' Countess of Scarborough' come up, and cleared ship for action. At half-past five the ' Countess of Scarborough: joined me, the enemy's ships then bearing down upon us, with a light breeze at S.S.W.; at six tacked and laid our head in shore, in order to keep our ground the better between the enemy's ships and the convoy ; soon after which we perceived the ships bearing down upon us to be a two-decked ship and two frigates ; but from their keeping end o nbearinn o upo , nus g dow e coul t w ndiscer no d n what colours they were under. At about twenty minutes past seven the largest of the three brought to, on our larboard bow, within musket shot. I hailed him, and asked what ship it was. They answered in English, ' The Princess Royal.' I then asked where they belonge . Thedto y answered evasivel whicn o y; hI tol d them, t answeif no the d yrdi directly I ,woul d fire into them. They then answered with a shot, which was instantly returned with a broadside ; and after ex- changin r threo o e gtw broadsides e backeh , s top-sailsdhi dropped an , d upon our quarter within pistol-shot, then filled again, put his helm a-weather, and boarn o s du upon r weatheru nou r quarte attempted an r t boaro bu dt ; s du being repulsed e sheereh , d of f; upo n whic backe1 h r top-sailou d orden i s r to get square with him again, which as soon as he observed, he then filled, put s helhi m a-weather lai d s athwardu an , t haws mizzes hi e; n shrouds toor kou jib-boom, which hung him for some time, till it at last gave way, and we dropped alongsid f eaco e h other, hea sternd dan , wher spar fluke ou nth ef o e anchor hooking his quarter became w , closo s et tha muzzlee af e th t ford an e s of our guns touched each other's sides. In this position we engaged from half- past eight till half-past ten, during which time, fro greae mth t quantitd yan variet f combustiblo y e matters which they thre wn upoi decksr nou , chains, and m short into every part of the ship, we were on fire not less than ten or twelve time differenn si twits partgreatese hwa th t si shipe od fth t difficult,an y and exertion imaginable at times that we were able to get it extinguished. At the same time the largest of the two frigates kept sailing round us the whole action and raking us fore and aft, by which means she killed or wounded every man on the quarter and main decks. About half-past nine, either from a hand-grenade being thrown in at one of our lower deck ports or from some other accident a cartridg, firen e flameo th ,t f powdef o whichese o s s wa r, running from cartridg afty , whole e wa cartridgo blet eth th e f p weo th u l eal peopl d officeran e s that were quartered abaf e main-mastth t ; from which unfortunate circumstanc l thoseal e guns were rendered uselesremaindee th r sfo r of the action, and I fear the greatest part of the people will lose their lives. At ten o'clock they called for quarters from the ship alongside, and said they had struck. Hearing this, I called upon the captain to know if they had askee struckh quarterr f di fo r o , s; bii answeo tn r being made, after repeating my words twTo or three times, I called for the boarders and ordered them to board, which the e momenyth did t bu ;t they wer boarn o er thedhe y dis- covered a superior number lying under cover, with pikes in their hands ready receivo t e the whicn o mpeopl r ; hou e retreated instantl shipn d yow ,an int r oou returned to their guns again till half-past ten ; when the frigate coming across our stern, and pouring her broadside into us again, without our being able to 4 12 PROCEEDING SOCIETYE TH F O S , JANUAR , 19068 Y .

bring a gun to bear on her, I found it in vain, and in short impracticable, from the situation we were in, to stand out any longer with the least prospect of success ; I therefore struck (our main-mast at the same time went by the board) e firsTh t . lieutenan d myselan t f were immediately escorted inte oth ship alongside, when we found her to be an American ship of war called the ' Bon Homme menRichard,5 37 gun, 0 d 4 commande f an so ' Capty db . Paul Jone e otheth s; r frigate whic e 'Alliance,th h e gunengage0 b 4 o f t s o 's u d thire th dd frigatean ; n , me whic 0 30 hd engagean ' Countestood e dan kth f so Scarborough' aftehourso tw r e 'Pallas,' th action e b Frenca o ' t , h frigatf eo men32 375 'Vengeance,gun the ; and s armean ' 70 dgun 12 bri and sgof men, all in Congress service, and under the command or' Paul Jones. They sailed fittean t d dfroou m Port L'Orien Julyf latteo e camd th td an , een r north about. They have on board 300 English prisoners, which they have taken n differeni t vessel n rountheiy i s wa rd since they left France d havan , e ransomed som Hommn goiney Bo others m ' boarn go n e O th dRichard. ' I found her in the greatest distress; her quarters and counter on the lower deck entirel r lowee wholhe th yf d reo drov decan , kein guns dismounted. She was also on fire in two places, and six or seven feet water in her hold, which kept increasing upon e nexthe th l nigh mtal d day an t , till they were obliged to quit her, and she sunk with a great number of her wounded people on board her. She had 306 men killed and wounded in the action ; our loss in ' Serapi alse s th owa sver' y greatofficery peopld M .an s generan ei l behaved I shoulwell d vere an ;db y attentioremisy m n i s theio nt r merit wero t I e omit recommending the remains of them to their Lordships' favour. I must at the same time beg leave to inform their Lordships that Capt. Piercy, in the ' Countes e leas Scarborough,f th so tn i remis dutys t hi no havin e n h s ,i wa ' g given me every assistance in his power, and as much as could be expected from such a ship, in engaging the attention of the ' Pallas,' a frigate of 32 guns, during the whole action. I am extremely sorry for the misfortune that has happened, that of losing his Majesty's ship I had the honour to command ; but at the same time I flatter myself with the hopes that their Lordships will be convinced that she has not been given away ; but on the contrary, that every exertio bees nha n use defeno dt d herthad essentiao an ,tw t l piece servicf so e r countrtoou y have arise e onen th fron wholl i : , t mi y oversettin cruise gth e and intentions of this flying squadron ; the other, in rescuing the whole of a valuable convoy from falling into the hands of the enemy, which must have been the case had I acted any otherwise than I did. We have been driving nortaboue th evea n hse i tr sinc actione th e , endeavourin pory mako gt an t o et we possibly could t hav t beebu , eno t n intplac y ge ablo an o t e till to-dae yw arrived in the Texel. Herewith I enclose you the most exact list of the killed and wounde t beeI dye hav ns a eabl procureo t e , fropeoply m e being dispersed among the different ships, and having been refused permission to muster them. There are, 1 find, many more both killed and wounded than appeare encloseth n o sd t listtheibu , rI fin t named ye impossibls sa o t e ascertain soos possiblI A s na . y can shalI , l give their Lordship fulsa l account . PEABSONR . e whole.—oth f , etcam I. "P.S.—I am refused permission to wait on Sir Joseph Yorke, and even to go on shore.—Inclosed is a copy of a letter from Capt. Piercy, late of the ' Countess of Scarborough.' WAX MEDALLION, AND AUTOGBAPH LETTEE, OF PAUL JONES. 125

" Abstrac lise killef th o t wounded d f o td an . " Kille . Wounded49 . d68 " Amongst the killed are the boatswain, pilot, 1 master's mate, 2 midship- men coxswaine th , quartermaster1 , seamen7 2 , 1d 5 an ,marines . Amongse th t wounde secone th e dar lieutenant Michael Stanhop Lieutenand ean t Whiteman, second lieutenan marinesf to surgeon'2 , s mates pett6 , y officers seamen6 4 , d an , 12 marines." " ' Pallas] a French frigate in Congress service. "'Texel, Oct. 4ft,, 1779. " SIR,— leavg be Iacquaino et t you, that abou minuteo tw t s aftebegau yo r n to engage wit largese th h t e enemy'shipth f o s s squadro I nreceive broadda - side from one of the frigates, which I instantly returned, and continued engagin abour fo r t ghe twent y minutes, whe drope sh n t astern I the. n made I coul ' Serapis,f i e e dth se givassistanco y t o sai t ' p an e u lupot bu ne; coming nea e enemr th you o closd s y an I foun,e u togetheryo d d coverean , d with smoke, tha I tcoul t distinguisdno shie fear hon p fo I r fro e othed mth an r; might fire int 'e Serapisoth ' insteaenemye th f o dI backe, maie dth n top-sail iu orde engago frigatee rt th attentioe f o eth se thathes on f nwa tno comin. gup When she got on my starboard quarter she gave me her broadside ; which as soon as I could get my guns to bear (which was very soon done) I returned, and continued engaging her for near two hours ; when I was so unfortunate as to have all my braces, great part of the running rigging, main and mizzen top- sail sheets, sho gune t awayth f so dismounted7 , woundedkilledn 0 2 me d 4 ,,an , and another frigate coming up on my larboard quarter. In that situation I saw it was vain to contend any longer, with any prospect of success, against such superior force ; I struck to the ' Pallas,' a French frigate, of 32 guns and 275 men, but in the service of the Congress. I likewise beg to acquaint you that my officer ship'd an s s company behaved remarkably well whole th es timwa eI engaged.—I am, etc. THO. PIERCY. •' To Richard Pearson, Esq., late Captain of his Majesty's ship ' Serapis.'" London, Oct. 21st.—" The Royal Exchange assurance company have this day ordered a piece of plate of one hundred guineas value to be prepared for Captain Pearson of the ' Serapis,' and one of fifty guineas for Captain Piercy ' Countes e oth f Scarborough,f so n acknowledgmena s a ' noble th r e fo tsacrific e they made in protecting the Baltic fleet under their convoy."

A Letter from the British Ambassador to Mrs Burnot, a sailor's wife at Burlington. "Mrs Burnot.—Hague, Nov. 26ft, 1779.—As soon as I received your letter of the 7th instant I lost no time in making inquiries after your gallant husband, Mr Richard Burnot ; and have now great pleasure in congratulating you upo beins nhi g aliv welld boar' n Countesean o ,e th d Scarboroughf so t a ' the Texel. I find he had been burnt with an explosion of gunpowder, but now quite recovered e send H knowu wore . m yo s ds ,a thacoul, t writehe t no d , and therefore hoped wells tha knou wa ,I woul t whicyo e w with t o d le d h I 126 • PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, JANUARY 8, 1906.

infinite satisfaction. It will still be greater if I can get him exclianged, which I am doing my best endeavours for ; but as the people who took him are some- times Frenc sometimed han s rebel t i suit s a ss their convenience, that renders this affair more difficult than it would be if they allowed themselves to be French, because I could then settle the exchange at once. I am happy to be able to give such agreeable news to the wife of my brave countryman ;* and I , veram y sincerely, your most faithful humble servant, JOSEPH YORKE."

VII. — BIBLIOGKAPHY. Biographical Sketches of Distinguished American Naval Heroes in the War of the Revolution. By S. Putnam Waldo. Hartford, 1823. Revolution,A Relicthe of . also Account. an several. the of Cruisesthe of Squadron under e commandth f o Paul Jones.y CharleB s Herbert. Boston, 1847. Diary of Ezra Green, M.D., Surgeon on board the Continental Ship of War ' Ranger' under Paul Jones, 1777-78. Eeprinted with additions fro Historicale mth and Genealogical Register for January and April 1874. Boston, 1875. American Historical and Literary Curiosities By Smith and Watson. Contains fac-simila lettea f eo r from Paul Jones. Frost's Book of the Navy. Poole's Index Periodicalo t Literature. Paul. BuellC . A Jones.. y NeB w York, 1900 vols2 , . Paul Jones. By Hutchins Hapgood. Boston and New York, 1901. Life and Adventures of Paul Jones. By J. S. C. Abbott. New York. United States House of Eepresentatives. Reports of Committees, 29th Congress t Session1s , n "o Memoria, d othean l r e Paperlegath f lo s Representatives of John Paul Jones." Article in American Catholic Historical Researches, to prove that John Barry, "fathee t JonesAmericae th no th s f d o wa r, an n Navy." " Lifd Charactean e f Pauo r l Jones, Rear-Admiray "b l Georg E eBelknap a , paper read before the New Hampshire Historical Society, 1902. Library of Congress: A Calendar of Jones' MSS. By C. H. Lincoln. Washington, 1903. Memorial to justify Peter Landais' conduct during the late war. Boston, 1784. Life, Travels, Voyages, Daringd an Engagements of Paul Jones. Several editions f thio s' publishe d: Albany ,York w 180Ne 9, ; 1809 ; Hartford, 1813; Philadelphia, 181 7; Norwich , 1836, etc. Life and Correspondence of J. P. Jones, including his narrative of the Campaign of the ' Liman.' From original letters and MSS. in the possession of Miss Jariette Taylor. New York, 1830. Memoirs of Paul Jones, now first compiled from his original Journals and Corre- spondence. London, 1843 ,vols2 . Lifef Paulo S Mackenzie . A Jones. y B . Boston , Yorkw 184Ne 1; , 1845; 2 vols. LifePaulof Jones, from original documents possessionthe in Johnof Henry Sherburne. London, 182d edition 2n York 5w ; Ne , , 185 1; Washington , 1825. WAX MEDALLION AUTOGRAPD AN , H LETTER F PAUO , L JONES. 127

Het leven Pauln va Jones. Groningen, 1829 translatioA . abovee th f no , with pirate portrait. Commodore Paul Jones. By Cyrus Townsend Brady. .New York, 1900. Paul Jones. By Molly Elliot Seawell. New York, 1901. . The Rebel Gommodore. . LawsoJ y B n Johnstone. Edinburgh, 1894. . GPreble'H . Flagr sOu flag-raisine referth o t s g incident. Diplomatic Correspondence of the American Revolution. By L>r Francis Wharton. Published by Act of Congress. Life of Paul Jones. Anonymous. Edinburgh, 1826. American Edition of the Edinburgh Life of Paul Jones. Gregg & Elliott. Philadelphia, 1846. LifePaulof Jones. EdwarBy d Hamilton. Aberdee Londonand n , first edition, 1842. Murray's edition (second edition), 1848. Recollections of Nathaniel Fanning. Pamphlet. New London, 1806 ; New and enlarged edition, 1826. Narrative of Henry Gardner. Pamphlet. Portsmouth, N.H., 1782 ; reprint New Bedford, 1826, enlarged. Life of Paul Jones. Anonymous. Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1875. History of French Privateering. By Marchand. Paris edition of 1818. Batailles Navales. By Troude. Tooke's Life of Catherine the Great. London, 1789 ; 2nd edition 1798. Mdmoires de Paul Jones par le Citoyen Andre, with portrait by Renaud. Memoire du Combat. Pierre Gerard. Paris, 1781. Pamphlet. Memoire I'Amirale d Paul Jones. Edite Benoiy db t Andre. Paris, 1798. Memoires, Journaux et Lettres de I'Amiral Paul Jones. Anonymous. Paris, 1799, 1800. Imprim r ordre pa Premie u ed r Consul. Lettersn Englishwomana f o n Parisi during Americane th War. y MisB s Edes-Herbert. Edinburgh, 1809. Chap-book History of Paul Jones the Pirate. London, Newcastle, and Glasgow. Campbell's Naval History. Glasgow, 1841. Beatson's Naval Militaryd an Memoirs. London, 1804. History of Scotland. Buchanan. Glasgow, 1848. Richard Carvel. Winston Churchill. Waverley. r WalteSi r Scott. (Appendix.) Lives of Remarkable Characters. Anonymous. Glasgow, 1804. Dictionary of National Biography. Biography of Eminent Scotsmen. Antiquities.s Leithit d an . CampbelJ l Irons. Edinburgh, 1897.