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A Review of Bathyal Shell-Bearing Gastropods in Sagami Bay

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A Review of Bathyal Shell-Bearing Gastropods in Sagami Bay 国立科博専報，（47）： 97–144，2011年4月15日 Mem. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, (47): 97–144, April 15, 2011 A Review of Bathyal Shell-bearing Gastropods in Sagami Bay Kazunori Hasegawa1 and Takashi Okutani2 1 Showa Memorial Institute, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4 –1–1 Amakubo, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305–0005, Japan. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Marine Biodiversity Research Program, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2–15 Natsushima, Yokosuka-shi, Kanagawa 237–0061, Japan. Abstract. Shell-bearing gastropods occurring in Sagami Bay at bathyal depths from 400 to 1600 m were reviewed based on information in literature, voucher material of some previous studies, and newly acquired specimens. 110 species that have been recorded from this area in lit- erature, excluding those exclusively associated with chemosynthesis-based communities, were reclassified into 97 species. 23 species were newly added to the fauna, resulting in 120 species in total recorded from this area. Among them, 88 species were identified as named species, two were only referrable to similar species, and 30 were not identifiable as any species previously known, at least in the northwestern Pacific. Among the 88 named species, six were recorded for the first time in this area, including one recorded for the first time in Japanese waters. Based on these results, the characteristics of the gastropod fauna in the Sagami Bay and adjacent areas is discussed from the bathymetrical and geographical points of view. Key words: Gastropoda, Sagami, bathyal, fauna, biogeography. continental shelf of the bay has thus been well Introduction documented (see Hasegawa, 2006 for gastro- The Sagami-nada (the Japanese word “nada” pods). Ikeda and Kuramochi (2010) recently sum- means an open sea), or Sagami Sea, is a sea area marized all the previous records, as well as un- in the central part of the Pacific coast of Honshū, published data, and listed 2229 marine mollusks Japan, that is bounded by the coastline of Sagami in total from Sagami Bay. Bay to the north and by straight lines connecting In regard to the deep-sea fauna, Sagami Bay the southernmost tips of the Izu Peninsula, Izu- has also attracted considerable attention in con- ōshima Island and the Bōsō Peninsula to the nection with the development of deep-sea fisher- south. Although Sagami Bay by original defini- ies since the middle of the 19th century, as repre- tion is restricted to the narrow area north of a sented by the discovery of Perotrochus beyrichii straight line connecting the southernmost tips of (Hilgendorf, 1877). In the first review of the Japa- the Manazuru and Miura Peninsula (almost nese marine mollusks, Lischke (1869–1874) de- equivalent to a tatitude of 35°8′N), it has some- scribed some shelf and upper bathyal species, times been used as a snynonym of the Sagami-na- such as Buccinum leucostoma Lischke, 1872 and da in a broad sense, especially in the context of Ginebis argenteonitens (Lischke, 1872), from deep-sea biogeography. This wording is also ad- “Bucht von Jedo und zwar von Jokohama bis opted in the present review in accordance with hinaus zur Insel Eno-Sima” [Bay of Tokyo, and the previous study (e.g. Okutani, 1964, 1968b). more precisely from Yokohama to Enoshima Is- Extensive surveys on the marine fauna have land] (=Sagami Bay). been carried out in this area since the 19th centu- Data on bathyal mollusks have subsequently ry. The molluscan fauna of the intertidal zone and been gathered by research vessels, such as H.M.S. 98 Kazunori Hasegawa and Takashi Okutani Challenger and the steamer Albatross of the U.S. material. Most of the vouchers from a series of Fish Commission, and most significantly by a se- Okutani’s works are now preserved in the Na- ries of cruises of the R/V Sōyō Maru of the Im- tional Museum of Nature and Science (NSMT) perial Fisheries Experimental Station (later the and partly in the University Museum, University Tokai Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory), of Tokyo (UMUT; holotypes of new taxa de- as described below in detail. The results (Okutani, scribed in Okutani, 1964). However, almost all 1964, 1966, 1968a) formed the basis of our cur- voucher material of the family Turridae (sensu rent knowledge of the bathyal mollusks, not only lato: including families Turridae, Drillidae and a of Sagami Bay but also throughout temperate part of Conidae), including types, was unfortu- Japanese waters. nately not located. Accordingly, taxonomical Recent deep-sea research in Sagami Bay has problems surrounding some turrid taxa could not focused on the chemosynthesis- based communi- be solved. ties, mainly at the site located off Hatsushima Is- Positive stations from previous publications are land that was found in 1984 by chance (Okutani summarized in Tables 1–2, and plotted in Fig. 1. & Egawa, 1985). No comprehensive review of the bathyal fauna of normal bottoms in Sagami Newly acquired materials Bay and the adjacent areas has been undertaken Additional material was obtained by research to date. cruises of the R/V Tansei Maru of Japan Agency In the present paper, bathyal shell-bearing gas- for Marine-Earth Science (JAMSTEC) (cruise tropods that inhabit a depth range of 400 to 1600 numbers: KT-04-7, KT-04-10, KT-07-31), the T/ m in Sagami Bay are reviewed based on informa- S Seiyō Maru of the Tokyo University of Fisher- tion in previous publications, some of the voucher ies (now Tokyo University of Marine Science and material from those publications, and some newly Technology), and a commercial fishing boat, as acquired specimens. summarized in Table 2. All the live-collected specimens were primarily fixed in neutralized 10% seawater formalin, and later preserved in Materials and Methods 70% ethanol. They were examined only external- Information from literature ly for identification, without destructive proce- Species identified from specimens recorded dures including the extraction of radula. Empty from Sagami Bay [= sea area Sagami-nada] (Fig. shells are preserved as dry specimens. All the ma- 1) at a depth of 400 m or deeper (down to ca. terial examined is stored in the malacological col- 1600 m) with precise position and depth data are lection of the NSMT, unless otherwise stated. included in the list (Table 1). Species that were Each specimen lot is to be registered separately recorded from this area but without precise data and to be made available on the internet via the are not included. For example, Ancillus apicalis NSMT database [http://db.kahaku.go.jp/webmu Ninomiya, 1988 is said to be distributed in “Saga- seum/]. mi Bay to Kyushu. Mud bottom in 250–500 m deep.” (Tsuchida in Okutani, 2000), but it was not Results included here because of the lack of specimens or information with precise data. Species recorded Review of previous studies on bathyal gastro- exclusively from chemosynthesis-based commu- pods in Sagami Bay nities are not included either, but are listed sepa- Specimens with precise position and depth data rately in an appendix. primarily stem from surveys by various research The identifications of species previously re- vessels. In Sagami Bay, several research vessels corded in literature were reconsidered based on played especially important roles, and their re- the description, figure(s), and available voucher sults are here briefly reviewed. Shell-bearing Gastropods in Sagami Bay 99 Fig. 1. A map showing positive stations in Sagami Bay [the sea area Sagami-nada]. Symbols: star, the Challenger and Albatross (Table 1); circle, the Sōyō Maru and Rinkai Maru (Table 1); triangle, the Tansei Maru, Seiyō Maru and Ido-Inkyo Maru (Table 2); square, Chemosynthetic sites (Appendix). 1) H.M.S. Challenger: Challenger visited Ja- and 1906. In Sagami Bay, she carried out 40 pan in 1875, and carried out dredging and trawl- dredge or trawl runs in total, and nine of them ex- ing at several areas, such as in the Seto Inland ceeded 400 m in depth. Five new species were Sea, offshore in the Enshū-nada, south off the described based on specimens collected from Bōsō Peninsula, and in Sagami Bay. Two stations three stations: st. 5087 (Turricula hondoana Dall, were located in Sagami Bay; st. 232, off Inosima 1925), st. 5088 (Turcicula japonica Dall, 1925; [= Enoshima], 345 fathoms [627 m] and st. 236, Suavodrillia sagamiana Dall, 1925 [= Bathytoma near Okinoyama bank [1410 m] (see Table 1 and engonia]; Aforia japonica Bartsch, 1945), and st. Fig. 1 for precise position). Two gastropod spe- 5093 (Turcicula japonica Dall, 1925). Besides cies Bembix aeola and Pleurotoma (Genota) en- these, Boreotrophon gorgon Dall, 1913, which is gonia were described as new from st. 232, but no also included in the present review, was described gastropods were recorded at st. 236. from st. 3698 at 153 fathoms [280 m]. 2) The steamer Albatross of the U.S. Fish 3) The R/V Sōyō Maru of the Imperial Fisher- Commission (later Bureau of Fisheries): Alba- ies Experimental Station (later the Tokai Regional tross came to Japan three times, in 1890, 1896 Fisheries Research Laboratory): The R/V Sōyō 100 Kazunori Hasegawa and Takashi Okutani Table 1. Station data from previous studies. Original Source of St. Vessel Gear＊ Date Position Depth (m) St. data＊＊ C01 Challenger 232 1 17–19 May 1875 35°11′ N 139°28′ E 621 4 A01 Albatross 5087 1 23 October 1906 35°09.4′ N 139°19.05′ E 1105 5 A02 Albatross 5088 1 25 October 1906 35°11.25′ N 139°28.2′ E 664–729 5 A03 Albatross 5093 1 26 October 1906 35°03.15′ N 139°37.42′ E 544–544 5 S01 R/V Sōyō Maru II 2 2 12 November 1955 35°05.1′ N 139°33.3′ E 700–750 6
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