3G CDMA - WCDMA and Cdma2000
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The Year of Globalisation for Cdmaone™ by Perry Laforge, Executive Director, COMA Development Group, USA
The Year of Globalisation for cdmaOne™ by Perry LaForge, Executive Director, COMA Development Group, USA Abstract The adoption rate, of cdmaOne™ has been the fastest of any wireless technology to date. It is already used in more than 30 countries around the world, serving over 7.8 million customers on five continents. The prediction is that by the year 2000 there will be about 60 million Wireless Local Loop (WLL) subscribers around the world, which represents 15% of the global mobile market, and growing to 200 million subscribers by 2005. Here, Mr. Perry LaForge of the COMA Development Group explains why he believes 1998 is the year of globalisation for the technology. The adoption rate of cdmaOne has been the fastest of any technology to date, and its adoption by major high growth wireless markets around the globe will continue to fuel subscriber growth and improve worldwide economies of scale. CDMA in Europe The unique, inherent advantages of cdmaOne, such as superior voice quality, longer battery life, and unexcelled call capacity have prompted enthusiasm for the technology even in Europe, where competing standards have historically dominated the marketplace. Nowhere is this demonstrated more clearly than the preliminary results of a field trial conducted in the UK by Vodafone Ltd. and QUALCOMM, Inc. The trial successfully displayed the technical feasibility of cdmaOne-Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) integration, while maintaining cdmaOne over-the-air performance. Elsewhere in Europe, cdmaOne fixed wireless networks are being adopted in Poland, Ukraine and Russia. Customer Satisfaction In North America, where the competition from other digital technologies is most intense, cdmaOne has emerged as the dominant wireless standard. -
3G/UMTS an Evolutionary Path to Next Generation Networks
3G/UMTS An evolutionary path to Next Generation Networks ITU/BDT Regional Seminar on Fixed Mobile Convergence and Guidelines on the smooth transition of existing mobile networks to IMT-2000 for Developing Countries for Africa Jean-Pierre Bienaimé …………………………………………………………………………… Chairman, UMTS Forum www.umts-forum.org ITU/BDT Regional Seminar Nairobi 9-12 May 2005 Summary • What is the UMTS Forum? • What is the global status of 3G/UMTS launches? • What terminals, services and tariffs are available? • 3G/UMTS evolution from launch through to Release 6 • A look to the future • Viewpoint on spectrum • Lessons learned in Europe ITU/BDT Regional Seminar Nairobi 9-12 May 2005 1 About The UMTS Forum Who are we? An international, cross-sector industry body comprising operators, manufacturers, regulators, application developers, research organisations and IT industry players. Our mission… To promote a common vision of the development of 3G/UMTS and of its evolutions, and to ensure its worldwide commercial success. Our publications Since 1997, more than 40 reports on Spectrum & Regulation, 3G/UMTS vision, Customer behaviour, Market evolution & Forecasts, Technical studies & Implementation. Recent issues: Strategic Considerations for IMS – the 3G Evolution, Coverage Extension Bands for UMTS/IMT-2000 in the bands between 470-600 MHz, Magic Mobile Future 2010-2020… ITU/BDT Regional Seminar Nairobi 9-12 May 2005 UMTS Forum Key Areas of Activity in 2005 Spectrum & Regulation Studies and contributions on harmonisation of global spectrum and additional -
UNIT V- SPREAD SPECTRUM MODULATION Introduction
UNIT V- SPREAD SPECTRUM MODULATION Introduction: Initially developed for military applications during II world war, that was less sensitive to intentional interference or jamming by third parties. Spread spectrum technology has blossomed into one of the fundamental building blocks in current and next-generation wireless systems. Problem of radio transmission Narrow band can be wiped out due to interference. To disrupt the communication, the adversary needs to do two things, (a) to detect that a transmission is taking place and (b) to transmit a jamming signal which is designed to confuse the receiver. Solution A spread spectrum system is therefore designed to make these tasks as difficult as possible. Firstly, the transmitted signal should be difficult to detect by an adversary/jammer, i.e., the signal should have a low probability of intercept (LPI). Secondly, the signal should be difficult to disturb with a jamming signal, i.e., the transmitted signal should possess an anti-jamming (AJ) property Remedy spread the narrow band signal into a broad band to protect against interference In a digital communication system the primary resources are Bandwidth and Power. The study of digital communication system deals with efficient utilization of these two resources, but there are situations where it is necessary to sacrifice their efficient utilization in order to meet certain other design objectives. For example to provide a form of secure communication (i.e. the transmitted signal is not easily detected or recognized by unwanted listeners) the bandwidth of the transmitted signal is increased in excess of the minimum bandwidth necessary to transmit it. -
Long Term Evolution (LTE)
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE) e-ISSN: 2278-2834,p- ISSN: 2278-8735. Volume 7, Issue 3 (Sep. - Oct. 2013), PP 36-42 www.iosrjournals.org Long Term Evolution (LTE) 1 2 3 4 Emad Kazi , Rajan Pillai , Uzair Qureshi , Awab Fakih 1,2,3,4 (Electronics and Telecommunication, Anjuman-I-Islam’s Kalsekar technical campus (AIKTC), Mumbai University, India) Abstract:The number of people using mobile phone in the world has exceeded 4.5 billion and this figure is continuing to grow. For the past several years, mobile data traffic such as internet access, the downloading of music and video communication has been nearly tripling every year. With the popularity of smartphones, mobile data traffic will increase 200 times in the 7 to 8 years upto 2020.There are high expectations that Long Term Evolution (LTE) which is known as 3.9G wireless system will be a new service platform that can support a huge amount of mobile data traffic. This paper describes the features, technology and network architecture of LTE & also provides an overview of next generation telecommunication network LTE, which is started commercially in December 2010 in Japan (started by DOCOMO), realizing high speed wireless access. It also outlines the further trends towards a further speed increase. Keywords-Circuit Switching, GSM, HSPA, LTE, Packet Switching, WiMAX I. Introduction In times when mobile devices are getting more popular the mobile network are becoming more and more important too. Websites are not same they used to be 10 years ago. They consist of with quality pictures, animation, flash application and more. -
Difference Between GSM, GPRS, EDGE, 3G, WCDMA, HSDPA and 4G
Difference between GSM, GPRS, EDGE, 3G, WCDMA, HSDPA and 4G It's a very basic and non-technical comparison. GSM GSM, stands for Global Systems for Mobile Communications, is basic standard bearer of 2G technologies. It is mainly used in mobile communication. Short Messaging System (SMS) was introduced into GSM networks along with capability to download content from various service providers. The content could ring tone, logos and picture messages. It can support Voice telephony and data however the data rate is only 9.6Kb/s, that is very low bit rate for date communication. GPRS GPRS, stands for General Packet Radio Service, is used to give higher data speed over GSM. It is not the replacement of GSM. It is just an extension to the older GSM technology to gain faster speed. Multimedia Messaging System or MMS is the feature of GPRS. It allowed subscribers to send videos, pictures, or sound clips to each other just like text messages. GPRS also provided mobile handset the ability to surf the Internet at dial-up speeds through WAP enabled sites. GPRS offers higher bit rate (Up to 171kb/s) by usage of A packet-linked technology over GSM. EDGE EDGE stands for Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution. This technology, also termed as Enhanced GPRS. This is a technology that uses the same equipment as GSM with only a few minor modifications to provide faster data speeds and is often regarded as a stepping stone towards 3G thus it is called 2.5G. EDGE gives the users the inimitable chance to increase the throughput capacity and the data speed at least 3 to 4 times higher to what GPRS offers. -
RTR NET NEUTRALITY REPORT Report in Accordance with Art
RTR NET NEUTRALITY REPORT Report in accordance with Art. 5(1) of the TSM Regulation and Par. 182–183 of the BEREC Guidelines on the Implementation by National Regulators of European Net Neutrality Rules 2020 www.rtr.at 2020 Austrian Regulatory Authority for Broadcasting and Telecommunications (Rundfunk und Telekom Regulierungs-GmbH) Mariahilfer Straße 77–79, 1060 Vienna, Austria Tel.: +43 (0)1 58058-0; fax: +43 (0)1 58058-9191; e-mail: [email protected] www.rtr.at RTR NET NEUTRALITY REPORT 2020 Report in accordance with Art. 5(1) of the TSM Regulation and Par. 182–183 of the BEREC Guidelines on the Implementation by National Regulators of European Net Neutrality Rules Contents Contents Net Neutrality Report 2020 1 Preface and executive summary 6 2 Introduction: stakeholders and institutions in enforcement 10 3 Timeline of regulatory authority activities 14 4 Potential violations of net neutrality and associated procedures 16 4.1 Blocking of TCP/UDP ports or protocols 19 4.2 Private IP addresses and services 21 4.3 Disconnection of IP connections 22 4.4 Blocking websites due to copyright claims 22 4.5 Decisions concerning Art. 4 TSM Regulation 24 4.6 Review of R 3/16 by the BVwG 25 4.7 Overview of suspected breaches of net neutrality 28 4.8 Measures taken/applied in accordance with Art. 5(1) 29 4.9 Zero-rating monitoring activities 32 5 Other indicators and activities 38 5.1 RTR conciliation procedures 38 5.2 General requests 39 5.3 Indicators of continuous availability of non-discriminatory IAS 39 6 Focus Topic: internet during the corona crisis 48 6.1 Traffic management measures in accordance with Art. -
The Internet and "Telecommunications Services," Universal Service Mechanisms, Access Charges, and Other Flotsam of the Regulatory System
The Internet and "Telecommunications Services," Universal Service Mechanisms, Access Charges, and Other Flotsam of the Regulatory System Jonathan Weinbergt In troduction .............................................................................................. 2 11 I. B ackground ...................................................................................... 2 14 A . InternetA rchitecture................................................................ 215 B . Telephone Regulation .............................................................. 217 1. The Federal-State Divide ................................................. 218 2. Comp uter II ...................................................................... 220 3. The 1996 Telecommunications Act ................................. 222 II. The Internet and Universal Service Mechanisms ............................ 225 A. The Report to Congress on Universal Service ......................... 225 B. The Breakdown of the Telecommunications/InformationService D istinction................................................................................ 227 C. Why the Telecommunications/InformationService D istinction Doesn't Work ........................................................ 232 D. Universal Service Redux .......................................................... 234 III. The Internet and Access Charges .................................................... 239 A . The Status Q uo ......................................................................... 239 B . Beyond the -
Novel Joint Chip Sampling and Phase Synchronization Algorithm for Multistandard UMTS Systems
I. J. Communications, Network and System Sciences, 2008, 2, 105-206 Published Online May 2008 in SciRes (http://www.SRPublishing.org/journal/ijcns/). Novel Joint Chip Sampling and Phase Synchronization Algorithm for Multistandard UMTS Systems Youssef SERRESTOU1, Kosai RAOOF2, Joël LIÉNARD2 1 LCIS-INPG, 50 Rue Barthélémy de Laffemas, 26902 cedex, Valence, France 2 GIPSA-LAB, CNRS UMR 5216, 961 Rue de Houille Blanche, 38402 St. Martin d’Hères, France E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract CDMA Timing and phase offsets tracking remain as one of considerable factors that influence the performances of communication systems. Many algorithms are proposed to solve this problem. In general, these solutions process separately the chip sampling offset and phase rotation. In addition, most of proposed solutions can not assure a compromise between robustness criteria and low complexity for implementation in real time applications. In this paper we present an efficient algorithm for chip sampling and phase synchronization. This algorithm allows estimating and correcting jointly in real time, sampling instant and phase errors. The robustness and the low complexity of this algorithm are evaluated, firstly by simulation and then tested by real experimentation for UMTS standard. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm provides very efficient compensation for sampling clock offset and phase rotation. A real time implementation is achieved, based on TigerSharc DSP, while using a complete UMTS transmission- reception chain. Experimental results show robustness in real conditions. Keywords: Synchronization, DS-CDMA, UMTS, Joint Estimation, Early-late Loop, Phase Locked Loop 1. Introduction pull-in region of tracking loop [8–11]. -
ATSAMB11XR-ZR Ultra-Low Power Bluetooth Low Energy Sip/Module
ATSAMB11XR/ZR Ultra-Low Power Bluetooth® Low Energy SiP/Module Introduction The ATSAMB11-XR2100A is an ultra-low power Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) 5.0 System in a Package (SiP) with Integrated MCU, transceiver, modem, MAC, PA, Transmit/Receive (T/R) switch, and Power Management Unit (PMU). It is a standalone Cortex® -M0 applications processor with embedded Flash memory and BLE connectivity. The Bluetooth SIG-qualified Bluetooth Low Energy protocol stack is stored in a dedicated ROM. The firmware includes L2CAP service layer protocols, Security Manager, Attribute protocol (ATT), Generic Attribute Profile (GATT), and the Generic Access Profile (GAP). Additionally, example applications are available for application profiles such as proximity, thermometer, heart rate and blood pressure, and many others. The ATSAMB11-XR2100A provides a compact footprint and various embedded features, such as a 26 MHz crystal oscillator. The ATSAMB11-ZR210CA is a fully certified module that contains the ATSAMB11-XR2100A and all external RF circuitry required, including a ceramic high-gain antenna. The user simply places the module into their PCB and provides power with a 32.768 kHz Real-Time Clock (RTC) or crystal, and an I/O path. Microchip BluSDK Smart offers a comprehensive set of tools and reference applications for several Bluetooth SIG defined profiles and a custom profile. The BluSDK Smart will help the user quickly evaluate, design and develop BLE products with the ATSAMB11-XR2100A and ATSAMB11-ZR210CA. The ATSAMB11-XR2100A and associated ATSAMB11-ZR210CA -
Secure Cdma Wireless Handset
SECURE CDMA WIRELESS HANDSET SECURE VOICE COMMUNICATIONS AND DATA CONNECTIVITY COMBINED WITH WIRELESS CONVENIENCE The QSec®-2700 is a wireless handset that provides secure voice and secure commercial encypted data connectivity using advanced encryption for AES. Operating over 800 MHz and 1900 MHz CDMA commercial wireless networks, the QSec®-2700 handset looks, feels, and functions like a feature-rich commercial wireless handset. The QSec®-2700 handset features an embedded security solution that provides end-to-end, out-of-the-box security that is designed to meet the needs of of users requiring a higher level of encryption over existing commercial capabilities. > Fully Integrated, Multi-Band > End-to-End Voice and The QSec®-2700 Handset: Data Security • Requires no add-on module; security is integral to the handset. > Operates Over Commercial 800/1900 MHz CDMA • Requires no security token for secure voice or data. Networks • Offers a variety of CDMA2000®1X wireless features with clear data speeds up to 153 Kbps. > E911/A-GPS Capable > Supports WPS www.qualcomm.com/qgov QSec®-2700 Handset Handset Kit Includes • QSec®-2700 CDMA Dual Band Handset with 800/1900MHz • User Guide Handset Headset Earpiece • Standard Battery Audio Jack • Slim Battery Far Field Speaker • Leather Case (On Back) Large Color • Global Travel Charger Push to Talk Display (Future) Other Capabilities/ Features Send Key • CDMA2000/cdmaOne™-Capable (To Originate Clear and Secure Calls) • Software upgradeable by user Handset • Secure async data capable Microphone • High-performance -
4G to 5G Networks and Standard Releases
4G to 5G networks and standard releases CoE Training on Traffic engineering and advanced wireless network planning Sami TABBANE 30 September -03 October 2019 Bangkok, Thailand 1 Objectives Provide an overview of various technologies and standards of 4G and future 5G 2 Agenda I. 4G and LTE networks II. LTE Release 10 to 14 III. 5G 3 Agenda I. 4G and LTE networks 4 LTE/SAE 1. 4G motivations 5 Introduction . Geneva, 18 January 2012 – Specifications for next-generation mobile technologies – IMT-Advanced – agreed at the ITU Radiocommunications Assembly in Geneva. ITU determined that "LTELTELTE----AdvancedAdvancedAdvanced" and "WirelessMANWirelessMANWirelessMAN----AdvancedAdvancedAdvanced" should be accorded the official designation of IMTIMT----AdvancedAdvanced : . Wireless MANMAN- ---AdvancedAdvancedAdvanced:::: Mobile WiMax 2, or IEEE 802. 16m; . 3GPPLTE AdvancedAdvanced: LTE Release 10, supporting both paired Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and unpaired Time Division Duplex (TDD) spectrum. 6 Needs for IMT-Advanced systems Need for higher data rates and greater spectral efficiency Need for a Packet Switched only optimized system Use of licensed frequencies to guarantee quality of services Always-on experience (reduce control plane latency significantly and reduce round trip delay) Need for cheaper infrastructure Simplify architecture of all network elements 7 Impact and requirements on LTE characteristics Architecture (flat) Frequencies (flexibility) Bitrates (higher) Latencies (lower) Cooperation with other technologies (all 3GPP and -
A Survey on Mobile Wireless Networks Nirmal Lourdh Rayan, Chaitanya Krishna
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 1, January-2014 685 ISSN 2229-5518 A Survey on Mobile Wireless Networks Nirmal Lourdh Rayan, Chaitanya Krishna Abstract— Wireless communication is a transfer of data without using wired environment. The distance may be short (Television) or long (radio transmission). The term wireless will be used by cellular telephones, PDA’s etc. In this paper we will concentrate on the evolution of various generations of wireless network. Index Terms— Wireless, Radio Transmission, Mobile Network, Generations, Communication. —————————— —————————— 1 INTRODUCTION (TECHNOLOGY) er frequency of about 160MHz and up as it is transmitted be- tween radio antennas. The technique used for this is FDMA. In IRELESS telephone started with what you might call W terms of overall connection quality, 1G has low capacity, poor 0G if you can remember back that far. Just after the World War voice links, unreliable handoff, and no security since voice 2 mobile telephone service became available. In those days, calls were played back in radio antennas, making these calls you had a mobile operator to set up the calls and there were persuadable to unwanted monitoring by 3rd parties. First Gen- only a Few channels were available. 0G refers to radio tele- eration did maintain a few benefits over second generation. In phones that some had in cars before the advent of mobiles. comparison to 1G's AS (analog signals), 2G’s DS (digital sig- Mobile radio telephone systems preceded modern cellular nals) are very Similar on proximity and location. If a second mobile telephone technology. So they were the foregoer of the generation handset made a call far away from a cell tower, the first generation of cellular telephones, these systems are called DS (digital signal) may not be strong enough to reach the tow- 0G (zero generation) itself, and other basic ancillary data such er.