Taxonomy and Herbaria and the Kinds of Information They Provide

Home , Aloe albida, Astephanus, Blepharispermum, Corallocarpus, Hoodia officinalis, Metarungia

and health must occur in the context of and sustainability. The Global Network oAfrican B tanical Diversity Network) conserving the environment. For sustain- for Taxonomy, in the form of BioNET- is an initiative aimed at building capac- able development, social and economic INTERNATIONAL was launched in 1993 ity in plant taxonomy in southern Africa. development must happen together with to facilitate the development and growth SABONET’s major achievements and its the conservation of ecosystems. Concerns of taxonomic resources in developing contribution to sustainable development about human demands and the deple- countries. The Global Network focuses on are communicated extensively in the paper tion of biological resources have led to a assisting developing countries to acquire by Huntley et al. al (2002). In summary, concerted effort by countries all over the taxonomic skills and technologies, and SABONET has successfully built a strong world. The past decade saw the birth of to improve collections of organisms and base of botanical researchers, techni- many conventions, the most powerful be- their related knowledge, and in so doing cians and plant information databases ing the Convention on Biological Diversity to become self-reliant in taxonomy. Build- and has helped botanical institutions in (CBD), where signatories accepted the ing this taxonomic support is important southern Africa to become self-sufficient responsibility of inventorying biological for national programmes focusing on the in taxonomy. These institutions are now diversity, and implementing strategies sustainable use of natural resources as a able to support projects that relate to the to preserve it. The Convention calls for means of eradicating poverty. Through its development and well-being of the people the conservation and sustainable use of regional partnerships, the Global Network of southern Africa, and in this way contrib- biological resources, as well as for the also helps countries to implement interna- ute indirectly to sustainable development sharing of benefits procured from the use tional agreements such as the CBD and the efforts in Africa. of genetic resources. International Plant Protection Convention (King, 2002). Also in the spirit of the CBD, International and regional initiatives such No matter what use there is for a species, the Global Taxonomic Initiative (GTI) was as these have helped improve biological whether it is in the fields of pharmaceuti- developed. The GTI was established by the skills resources against the backdrop of cals bio-prospecting, construction or food, Conference of Parties to redress the lack declining natural resources. They have knowledge of a species in its ecosystem is of taxonomic information and expertise facilitated the accumulation of information the first step to deciding its potential and in many parts of the world so that better- and growth of capacity, thus contributing sustainable use. Taxonomy provides this informed decisions could be made about to national conservation programmes knowledge of species. Achievements in conservation, sustainable use, and the such as those managed by the National En- conserving biological diversity therefore equitable sharing of benefits. vironment Secretariat (NES) in Lesotho. depend on a considerable investment in taxonomic work. Over the past few de- Following the adoption of the CBD, a few Taxonomy and herbaria and cades, taxonomy as a traditional science regional programmes aimed at preserving the kinds of information they discipline has been ignored somewhat, biodiversity and reducing the taxonomic provide with biologists turning their attention impediment were initiated for countries in towards the fast growing and more fash- southern Africa. These include SAFRINET, Vast knowledge of our natural plant di- ionable fields of molecular biology and SECOSUD, and SABONET. SAFRINET is versity is stored in herbaria. Baijnath & genetics instead (Hoyningen-Huene, et. the SADC LOOP of BioNET-INTERNA- Nicholas (1994) discuss in detail the func- al. 1999). Through the CBD, governments TIONAL. It is a southern African network tions, users and benefits of herbaria in have realised that there are huge gaps for building capacity in the biosystematics southern Africa. In summary, the kinds of in our knowledge of taxonomic systems of invertebrates and micro-organisms. information that herbaria provide include: and there is also a shortage of trained SAFRINET provides the network for species richness in countries, distribution taxonomists to fill these; these deficiencies pooling and sharing existing resources data on species, endemic species, rare impede the fulfilment of objectives set out for the benefit of all member countries. It and endangered species, species with in Agenda 21. To conserve biodiversity and promotes information exchange, capacity medicinal and/or other economic value, to provide sound policy advice at national building and training, and improvements areas of greatest plant diversity, and re- level, especially in developing countries, in reference collections and technology. gions with unique vegetation. The main more specialists who are familiar with SECOSUD (Service for Environmental output from taxonomy and herbarium taxonomy and ecology are needed to Conservation of Biodiversity and for research is workable identification keys. provide information on the taxonomy, Sustainable Development) is a biodiver- The main service provided by herbaria is interaction, and interdependence of the sity conservation initiative that focuses the identification of plants by specialists various organisms in ecosystems. See on digital inventories of plant species of who, very often, are the users who are able Mattson’s (2003) opinion on the neces- economic interest. SABONET (Southern to interpret difficult technical keys. sity to promote biology and not just taxonomy in addressing the Plant taxonomy and herbaria needs of biodiversity conserva- generate the knowledge about tion and society. plant species that is necessary for the conservation of biodiversity Following the CBD, international and for meeting the objectives of programmes dedicated to devel- sustainable development. They oping biodiversity science have also provide base information been initiated. DIVERSITAS is an that is necessary for socio-eco- example of a major initiative that nomic development. In addition, provides an international multi- herbaria are responsible for dis- disciplinary research framework seminating accurate information for biodiversity science. It aims on plants and floristics that could to facilitate collaborative sci- be of importance to society. entific research for the under- Aloe polyphylla in its natural habitat at Sosa Thaba Putsoa. For example, herbaria provide standing of ecosystem functions (Photo: Tau Mahlelebe) taxonomic data on species for

30 SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 the selection and development of new Mountains Conservation Programme and A few potential end-users from the eco- useful plant products such as drugs that the Range Management Area Programme. nomic sector in Lesotho include persons might affect social development. At the Persons facilitating and participating in involved in farming, agriculture, animal level of economy, taxonomic data supports these programmes will collaborate closely husbandry, handicraft, the clothing and decisions and planning for sustainable with the herbarium staff for the kinds of footwear industry, and basketry. In draft- agriculture, housing, road development, information provided by herbaria. ing conservation policies, decision-mak- community-based harvesting and tech- ers and planners rely on herbarium data. niques for cultivating indigenous crops. The Maluti-Drakensberg Transfrontier Academics and students at the National The data helps to identify species that are Conservation and Development Project University of Lesotho and other institu- suitable for use in product manufacture. between Lesotho and South Africa pro- tions depend on herbarium data for proj- This data may in turn yield ideas for small vides a new framework for linking insti- ect design and research. Pharmaceutical businesses and wealth creation that are tutions and the community in conserving bio-prospecting industries that seek to extremely relevant to the economies of the environment. The deduction that the produce effective drugs will choose po- southern African countries today. Maluti-Drakensberg Mountains have a tential plants from taxonomic information significant degree of plant diversity with provided in publications. The area in which taxonomy and herbaria high endemism in southern Africa could have a major input is the conservation of only be made from checklists, and check- Through the support of SABONET-Leso- environments. Taxonomic data gives rise lists are an outcome of collection and tho, botanical resources in the National to greater understanding of the diversity documentation of specimens in herbaria University of Lesotho Herbarium, the of plants on a farm, in a country, or region. over long periods. Decisions relating to Agricultural Research Herbarium, the Se- It feeds into floristic data and indicates sustainable use and conservation of rare hlabathebe National Park Herbarium, and threatened plant communities. It helps to and threatened plants in protected areas the Katse Alpine Botanical Gardens have identify threats such as alien species that will continue to rely heavily on herbarium- been strengthened. These resources will disrupt biological diversity and ecosystem based data. Botanical information will also stimulate the development of taxonomic complexity, and threaten agriculture and be used for developing management strat- products and services suitable for end- food production on the African continent. egies for the control of alien species, soil users, especially those in conservation, Herbarium data provides the reasoning erosion, fire, and livestock grazing within sustainable agriculture, and the utilisation and methods for saving plant species from and outside protected areas. of natural resources. SABONET-Lesotho extinction. It can be applied in monitoring has also created an awareness of herbaria and rehabilitating threatened areas. Theo- The Katse Alpine Botanical Gardens and as a national resource to potential users retically, it is the basis for Environmental Lesotho National Plant Genetic Resources who can explore the plant identification Impact Assessments (EIAs). Taxonomic Centre (LNPGRC) play an important role and information services offered by these data is also relevant to decisions about the in conserving plant genetic material. In- herbaria. Over a much longer term, one sustainable use of plants. formation from herbaria would have been may expect that the high quality floristic the basis for concluding that 30 percent of information gathered and published by Users of botanical information the taxa in the Katse Gardens are endemic SABONET will provide a baseline from and herbaria in Lesotho to Lesotho. The LNPGRC use herbarium which vegetation changes brought about data for the selection of species of flower- by global warming can be monitored. We now have a broad understanding of ing plants and ferns to be incorporated in taxonomy as an integral part of biodiver- the medicinal field gene bank (about 45 Herbarium staff in southern sity and sustainable development. We are species) and the seed bank (7 cultivated Africa in the 21st century: also aware of the kinds of information species and 335 indigenous species) (Mot- meeting the demands of that taxonomy and herbaria provide for loli, 2004). biodiversity and its conservation stakeholders in the social, economic and environmental sectors. Moreover, we have Through plant collecting, these projects in In the 21st century, demands on herbarium come to appreciate that there are various turn will enrich herbarium collections in staff have grown. With the arrival of the stakeholders and end-users of taxonomy, Lesotho and records of new species or new CBD and Agenda 21, herbarium staff some of whom are unknowingly reliant on distributions of species may even emerge. members need to extend themselves taxonomic data. Stakeholders and end-us- Areas in mountainous Lesotho are often beyond the conventional requirements ers of botanical information in Lesotho are not economically accessible for plant col- of a herbarium. During the past century, many and varied, and a few of these are lection and the national programmes offer scientists in countries in the northern discussed below. scientists an opportunity to document the hemisphere drove botanical research in biodiversity of the country. the areas of preparing floras, monographs, Much of the biodiversity of Lesotho is and checklists. Article 7a of the CBD still intact with 2 961 resident species of commits countries to start undertaking plants on record (Lesotho Government, inventories of their biological diversity to NES, 2000). The National Environment provide fundamental information about Secretariat (NES) in Lesotho manages distribution and abundance of biodiver- a number of biodiversity programmes sity, because such data are necessary for that are geared towards conservation the long-term sustainable management and the management of the environ- and conservation of areas of biodiversity ment for the well-being of the people. (Gauld, 2004). Not only do taxonomists These programmes include Conserving in southern African herbaria suddenly Mountain Biodiversity in southern Leso- have to become self-reliant to produce tho, the Lesotho Highlands Development treatments, but they also urgently have Programme, Environmental Management Haplocarpha nervosa in the Semonkong to deliver botanical inventories for use in for Poverty Reduction, Drakensberg/Maluti wetlands. (Photo: Moretloa Polaki) meeting the 2010 biodiversity conserva-

SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 31 tion targets. Part of the strategic plan of the —Yashica Singh (Curator) 2010 Biodiversity Targets is for countries National Botanical Institute (NBI) Researchsmith garners to achieve a significant reduction in the Natal Herbarium awards far and wide current rate of biodiversity loss by the year Botanic Gardens Road 2010. Assessing the rate of plant diversity Durban 4001 loss depends largely on information pro- Tel: 031 2024096 rof. Gideon Smith of the National vided by herbaria over time. Fax: 031 2023430 PBotanical Institute recently became the thirteenth – and youngest Non-scientists often battle with interpret- BAIJNATH, H. & NICHOLAS, A. 1994. – recipient of the prestigious Cactus ing information provided to publications Human and infrastructural needs in d’Or award. It is the latest in a number by taxonomists and ecologists. Close southern Africa. In B.J. Huntley (ed.) of national and international awards collaboration with herbarium specialists Botanical Diversity in southern Africa. made to Smith in the past few months assists in the dissemination of information, Strelitzia 1: 175-199. for his research work. but this puts additional demands on the DESANKER, P.V. 2002. Impact of climate time of herbarium personnel. Herbarium change on life in Africa. WWF. http:// The trophy, which is sponsored by the staff members are also in a position to www.wwf.org.uk/filelibrary/pdf/africa_ Principality of Monaco, was presented capture data for electronic format in the climate.pdf to Smith at the 28th Congress of the In- form of databases like PRECIS and that GAULD, I.D. 2004. Inventory and ternational Organization for Succulent of SECOSUD. There is a high demand for monitoring biodiversity: a taxonomist’s Plant Study (IOS), held recently at the electronic data and information must be perspective. Earthwatch Institute. BioCenter Klein-Flottbek of the Univer- provided rapidly and accurately. http://www.earthwatch.org/europe/ sity of Hamburg in Germany. limbe/imbiodiv.html Taxonomists are expected to contribute to HOYNINGEN-HUENE, P.; WEBER, The Cactus d’Or is the only internation- national documents that feed into the CBD. M. & OBERHEIM, E. 1999. Science al award that is conferred in recogni- They are also required to focus public atten- for the twenty-first century: a new tion of substantial contributions in the tion on the threats to plants, habitats, and/ commitment. Background document field of succulent plant research. Smith or ecosystems and to initiate and advise version 4.0. World Conference on received the award for his on-going political action to reduce threats. Special- Science, Budapest, Hungary. http:// contributions towards the taxonomy, ists in herbaria will have to link up with www.unesco.org/science/wcs/ systematics, biogeography, and conser- universities to promote capacity-building background/21st_a.htm vation of the rich and unique succulent in taxonomy. Teaching short courses HUNTLEY, B.J.; WILLIS, C.K.; SMITH, plant flora of southern Africa. on herbarium techniques to students of G.F. & SIEBERT, S.J. 2002. SABONET: its conservation and horticulture and to non- history and success in southern Africa. The Cactus d’Or 2003, however, is just specialists will have to become standard In Baijnath, H. & Singh, Y. Rebirth of one of a number of awards made in practice in southern African herbaria. It is Science in Africa: a shared vision for life the past year to Smith, the NBI’s Chief important that herbarium staff develop the & environmental sciences. pp. 231- 245. Director for Research and Scientific confidence to convince funding agencies of Umdaus Press, Pretoria. Services. the value of taxonomy to advancing science KING, N. 2002. Overcoming the taxonomic and uplifting communities. impediment to sustainable development: In June 2003, the Fellowship of the Cac- BioNet-INTERNATIONAL, the Global tus and Succulent Society of America Herbaria in southern Africa must therefore Network for Taxonomy. In Baijnath, H. (CSSA) was awarded to Smith at the redefine themselves in the context of the & Singh, Rebirth of Science in Africa: a 30th Biennial Convention of the Society challenges, opportunities, and realities shared vision for life & environmental held in Saint Louis, Missouri, USA. The presented by the CBD and other conven- sciences. pp. 223-230. Umdaus Press, award honoured him for his extensive tions. The CBD has helped to highlight the Pretoria. contributions to scientific research on need for taxonomy in biodiversity conser- MATTSON, M. 2003. What of the ecologist succulent plants, and for popularis- vation. SABONET has already catalysed within?: red lists, red herrings and the ing his research results in the printed plant taxonomy in the direction of deliv- taxonomic impediment. Plant Talk 34: media. ering on the objectives of the CBD. The 4-5. greatest challenge facing the 10 countries MOTLOLI, M. 2004. Lesotho National Plant Last October, at the 2003 Succulenta in southern Africa now is to sustain activi- Genetic Resources Centre. In KOSE, Congress in Calitzdorp, South Africa, ties initiated by the SABONET programme L. & THEKO, B. Proceedings of the the Succulent Society of South Africa to meet the taxonomic challenges of the SABONET Workshop for stakeholders presented Smith with the Allen Dyer 21st Century. The workshop succeeded and end-users of botanical information Medal for his extensive contributions in identifying potential users of botanical and herbaria in Lesotho. SABONET- to the field of succulent plant research. information in Lesotho as well as the needs Lesotho. Co-incidentally, Dr Dyer, who was also of the users, and this information will no LESOTHO GOVERNMENT, National a lover of succulent plants in his free doubt be useful in helping herbaria in the Environment Secretariat. 2000. time, was one of his forerunners as country to become more focused on the Biological Diversity in Lesotho: a country Director of the then Botanical Research needs of users. study. Maseru. Institute, from 1944 to 1963. STEENKAMP, Y. & SMITH, G.F. 2002. Acknowledgement Addressing the needs of users of On 30 October 2003, the Research botanical information. Southern African Advisory Committee of the National The author thanks the SABONET-Lesotho Botanical Network Report No. 15. Botanical Institute’s Board awarded Working Group for the invitation and SABONET, Pretoria. Smith the Allen Dyer Prize. For the financial support to participate in the first time ever, the two Dyer awards workshop. were made to the same person in the

32 SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 same year. The NBI’s Dyer Prize was awarded to him for the “…pivotal role Succulent ﬂora of he has played in placing the National Botanical Institute in the forefront of relevant plant systematics research, nationally and internationally, through southern Africa an impressive list of achievements and publications. Through his leadership of the research programme and his worthy of wonder commitment to capacity building, he has contributed to the development of a number of highly respected tax- n recent years, the importance of tional Herbarium onomists”. Ibiodiversity has gained prominence (PRE) Computerised In- in discussions among concerned con- formation System (PRECIS) database. Staff Less than a week later, on 3 Novem- servationists and politicians who are members of the National Botanical Insti- ber 2003, Smith received a Centenary involved in generating wealth for all South tute have been maintaining the database Environmental Merit Certiﬁcate from Africans through ecotourism and other for over 30 years, and today it is the most the Southern African Association for ventures. These discussions range from comprehensive electronic source of infor-

the Advancement of Science, or S2A3 how to ensure the sustainable use of plant mation on the flora of the subcontinent. as it is popularly known. This award material in traditional ethno-medicinal Today it is possible, virtually by striking a was presented in recognition of his practices, to subsistence and large-scale key on a keyboard, to generate a list of all unstinting support of and involvement agricultural production of food to feed the the plants indigenous to, or naturalised in, in environmental research in general. ever-increasing population of the subcon- southern Africa. On the same occasion, South Africa’s tinent. In general terms, southern Africa Minister of Environmental Affairs and is extremely rich in a variety of plant and However, succulents are more than just Tourism, Mohammed Valli Moosa (MP) animal life forms. For example, the region biological or horticultural curiosities. also received a certificate. is host to the richest temperate flora in Fascinating forms have attracted the at- the world. However, large parts of the tention of numerous southern African In addition to these awards, in 2003 southern African landscape are subjected user-groups, from the Nama in the West Nature, a top international scientific to regular, almost predictable droughts. to the Zulu in the East. A large proportion journal, published a paper prepared by This is one of the reasons why succulent of ethno-medicinal plants used and traded Smith and four of his colleagues from life forms have diversified extensively in along the eastern seaboard possess suc- the NBI in Pretoria. As far as we know, the region. Indeed, southern Africa has the culent characteristics, ranging from cau- it was the first time in the 100-year his- most diverse succulent flora in the world. diciform cucurbits to fleshy-leafed aloes. tory of the NBI that a team comprising Although this has been widely suspected Although a pharmacological rationale is only NBI staff members had published for many years, a comprehensive survey behind the use of many plants such as Car- in Nature. Publication of the paper of this fantastic richness to ascertain the pobrotus (suurvy/sour fig) and Aloe ferox continues the trend set by Smith, exact extent of this important component (karoo-aalwyn/bitter aloe), others appear who has published over 450 papers in of the sub-continental flora was done only to be “Doctrine of Signatures” subjects. In scientific and semi-scientific journals. recently. such instances, the appearance of plants is In addition, he has authored or co- believed to indicate their medicinal useful- authored 20 books in the past seven The result was the publication of the List ness. In southern Africa, a benign deity, years, which works out at an average of southern African succulent plants. This “Nkulunkulu,” reputedly promotes these of about three a year! His publishing benchmark publication contains the names signs. Succulents with evident signatures track record is quite astonishing, given of 4 674 taxa in 58 families and represents include the cryptic forest species, Gasteria his demanding job as the head of the the most comprehensive listing of succu- croucheri, preparations of which reput- NBI’s research team. lents from the richest succulent region in the world. However, it is much more than Previous awards made to Smith in- simply a list. Apart from names, the vari- clude the Schweickerdt Medal pre- ous types of succulence are illustrated with sented by the University of Pretoria, eight full-colour plates, and each family and the Honorary Life Membership is illustrated with at least one line draw- of the Dendrological Society of South ing and a distribution map. Introductory Africa. chapters explain the definition and types of succulence. A brief introduction and —Rina Marais references to prominent literature precede Personal Assistant to the Chief Direc- each family list of species, thus unlocking tor: Research & Scientific Services, the vast store of published information on National Botanical Institute, the biology of these plants. The book ends Private Bag X101, Pretoria, with a comprehensive index of families 0001 South Africa. and genera.

Central to the success of the project was the use of expert data from numerous family specialists, as well as biological information stored in the Pretoria Na- Aloe peglerae. (Photo: SABONET)

SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 33 edly render Zulu warriors partially invis- ible during combat. In a similar vein, the milky sap of Euphorbia woodii is rubbed New Books on the breasts of mothers to stimulate lactation, whilst the resemblance of whole Lithops lesliei plants to female genitalia from has recommended their application in love charms and potions for a variety of “ladies’ problems.” SABONET

Succulents also feature strongly as protective charm plants, and the likes of kalan- choes, haworthias and crassulas are often Since the publication of the previous issue of SABONET found growing close to homesteads for this purpose. Evidently, southern Africa News in January 2004, seven new books have appeared boasts not only the world’s hot spot of on the SABONET shelves. Copies are available from the succulent plant diversity, but it is a region Regional Co-ordinator’s Ofﬁce. where this ﬂoral wealth is tracked by a rich and truly fascinating cultural heritage.

—Gideon F. Smith1 & Neil R. Crouch2 1Ofﬁce of the Research Director, National Botanical Institute, Private Bag X101, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa 2Ethnobotany Unit, National Botanical Institute, PO Box 52099, Durban, 4007 South Africa

The List of southern African succulent plants consists of 175 pages.

It can be ordered from the NBI Bookshop, Private Bag X101, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa, at R159-00/US$31-80 (hard cover copy, excluding postage and pack- A checklist of Zimbabwean African Botanic Gardens aging) or R130-00/US$26-00 (soft bryophytes Congress ‘Partnerships and cover copy, excluding postage and Linkages’, Proceedings of packaging). Tel: + 27 12 8043200; SABONET Report No. 21 is a checklist of a Congress held at Durban fax: +27 12 8043211; e-mail: the moss flora of Zimbabwe by Phelex Botanic Gardens, South Africa, [email protected]. Manyanga and Sarie Perold. The checklist 24–29 November 2002 is divided into three sections, the Hepa- tophyta, the Anthocerotophyta (of which Congrès des Jardíns Botaníques members of only one family, two genera Africains ‘Relations et and four species occur within Zimbabwe), Partenariats’, Compte rendu and the Bryophyta. Within its 22 pages, d’un congrès tenu dans 72 families, 181 genera, and 436 species les Jardins Botaniques de are listed. The checklist is based on a Durban, Afrique du Sud, 24–29 compilation of specimens that are held Novembre 2002 at the National Herbarium of Zimbabwe (SRGH) and citation records. A map of SABONET Report No. 22, the proceedings Zimbabwe shows the five regions—Cen- of a congress held in November 2002, was tral, East, North, South and West—used edited by Christopher Willis, Chief Direc- in the distribution notes that are included tor of Gardens and Horticultural Services, for many of the species. A guide for using National Botanical Institute (South Africa). the checklist appears on the inside front The book has been published back-to-back cover for easy access. An information page in both English and French to make it on the National Herbarium and Botanic accessible to a larger African audience. It Garden of Zimbabwe, which acts as the details the establishment at this congress SABONET focal point in Zimbabwe and of the new African Botanic Gardens Net- from which the first author of this publica- work (ABGN). The book includes summa- tion hails, is included. ries of the presentations that were made

Ferraria schaeferi. (Photo: SABONET)

34 SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 at the congress by delegates. Titles of the dens [Christopher Fominyam (Limbe presentations summarised in the book Botanical and Zoological Garden, are (presenter and other authors’ names Cameroon)] in brackets): • West African botanical gardens: sum- • Plant collecting workshop [Ian Olivier mary of needs [George Owusu-Afriyie (Karoo Desert NBG, South Africa) & (Aburi Botanic Gardens, Ghana)] Nouhou Ndam (Limbe Botanical and • Southern African Botanical Gardens: Zoological Garden, Cameroon)] Regional needs [Christopher Willis • Red Data Listing workshop [Janice (National Botanical Institute, South Golding (National Botanical Institute, Africa)] South Africa), Mike Maunder (Fairchild • Towards an African action plan: con- Tropical Garden, USA) & Mark Matt- servation of Threatened Plants and son ( Durban Botanic Gardens, South Habitats by African Botanic Gardens Africa)] [Mike Maunder (Fairchild Tropical • Workshop on environmental education Garden, USA)] and interpretation in botanical gardens • Botanic Garden Networks: examples [Alexis Symonds (National Botanical of the roles and activities of botanic Institute, South Africa) & John Roff gardens worldwide [Peter Wyse Jack- (Natal NBG, South Africa)] son (Botanic Gardens Conservation • The international agenda for botanic International, UK)] Integration of Red Data gardens in conservation: a key role for • Action Plan for Botanic Gardens in the Lists concepts into the policy African botanic gardens [Peter Wyse European Union [Jan Rammeloo (NBG framework in Mozambique. Jackson (Botanic Gardens Conserva- of Belgium, Belgium)] Proceedings of a workshop tion International, UK)] • American Association of Botanic Gar- held in Kaya-Kwanga, Maputo, • Millennium Seed Bank: the value of in- dens and Arboreta [Chris Davidson & Mozambique, 29–31 August ternational partnerships [Clare Tenner Sharon Christoph] 2001 (Millennium Seed Bank, UK)] • Limbe and North Carolina Collabora- • The CBD challenge in botanic gardens: tion [Joseph Nkefor (Limbe Botanical Integração do conceito Lista emerging responsibilities, priorities, and Zoological Garden, Cameroon)] Vermelha de Plantas no quadro and practices [Stella Simiyu (National • Medicinal Plants Project at Aburi legal de Moçambique. Memórias Museums of Kenya, Kenya)] Botanic Gardens, Ghana [George do Seminário realizado no Kaya- • Botanic gardens in eastern Africa [Wil- Owusu-Afriyie (Aburi Botanic Gar- Kwanga, Maputo, Moçambique liam Wambugu (National Museums of dens, Ghana)] 29–31 Augosto de 2001 Kenya, Kenya)] • Partnerships and linkages: Witwa- • University Botanic Garden, Maseno: a tersrand National Botanical Garden, This is another SABONET Report in two teaching site for biodiversity and germ- South Africa [Sharon Turner (Witwa- languages; this time published back-to- plasm conservation [J.C. Onyango tersrand NBG, South Africa)] back in English and Portuguese. SABO- (Botanic Garden Project, Co-ordina- NET Report No. 23 details the workings tor and Researcher), R.W. Bussmann The summaries of these presentations and outputs of a workshop held in Maputo (University of Bayreuth, Germany) & are followed by a strategic framework in August 2001. This report was a joint ef- M.O.A. Onyango (Maseno University, and action plan for the African Botanic fort by the National Institute of Agriculture Kenya)] Gardens Network 2002–2010, as well as Research of Mozambique (INIA), the World • Central African botanical gardens several appendices detailing regions and Conservation Union (IUCN, Mozambique), [Christopher Fominyam (Limbe Bo- constituent countries, references and fur- and SABONET, as represented by the au- tanical and Zoological Garden, Cam- ther reading, a list of participants, useful thors—Samira Izidine, Isilde Nhantumbo, eroon)] internet addresses, and the questionnaire and Janice Golding. The objectives of the • Botanic gardens in West Africa [George that was used for the needs assessment of workshop were to: Owusu-Afriyie (Aburi Botanic Gardens, southern African Botanic Gardens. • Present the Southern African Plant Ghana)] Red Data Lists project and the level of • Southern Africa’s botanical gardens implementation of its activities [Christopher Willis (National Botanical • Disseminate the categories and criteria Institute, South Africa) & Christopher used by the IUCN/Species Survival Dalzell (Durban Botanic Garden)] Commission as methodology in the • The status of North African botanic compilation of Red Lists gardens [Peter Wyse Jackson (Botanic • Disseminate the results of the SABONET Gardens Conservation International, Plant Red Data Lists project in southern UK)] Africa, particularly Mozambique • Southern Africa: the SABONET ex- • Analyse the policy/legal context for perience [Stefan Siebert (SABONET implementation of the technical results Regional Ofﬁce, South Africa)] of the Mozambique Red Data List • Needs of eastern African botanical • Conceive an action plan for the con- gardens [William Wambugu (National servation of threatened species, with Museums of Kenya, Kenya)] the involvement of government and • Needs of central African botanical gar- non-government institutions and other

SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 35 key stakeholders Herbarium Essentials: • Examine the possibilities of creating The southern African herbarium user manual a National Programme for threatened species in Mozambique. This long-awaited book, No. 25 in the SABONET Report series, is hot off the press. This compact, full-colour book, by Janine Victor, Marinda Koekemoer, Lyn Fish, Shirley Smith- The report includes an introduction, as ies and Marthina Mössmer, will prove a valuable resource and guide for all herbarium well as sections on objectives, methodolo- professionals in southern Africa and further afield. It includes chapters on gies and approach, the context of a RDL • Herbarium collections for Mozambique, workshop outputs, the • Collecting plants “Herbarium Essentials is a truly great legal framework and enforcement, conclu- • Pressing and drying publication. World class and certainly sions, workshop recommendations, and • Mounting specimens the best book on the subject (and most a proposal for a national committee for • Physical curation threatened species and threatened natural • Herbarium pests colourful) yet published anywhere in the resources. The workshop programme, • Scientific curation world!”—Christopher Willis Terms of Reference for working groups, • Starting a new herbarium and a list of participants are presented as appendices. The book is lavishly illustrated throughout with colour photographs and diagrams, and includes many tips and step-by-step instructions. A comprehensive index makes it easy to find information. This informative guide is truly one you shouldn’t be without!

genera easier. The checklist includes 3,441 species, 1,124 genera, and 244 families, and also cites specimens and references for each taxon.

Herbaria in SABONET countries: Building botanical capacity and meeting end-user expectations

One of the proposals of the SABONET Mid-term Review was to hold end-user workshops in the ten participating SABO- NET countries. Altogether 252 participants attended nine end-user workshops held subsequently. The workshops aimed to A checklist of Botswana grasses bring together end-users of herbarium- generated botanical information from This checklist, by Monicah Kabelo and as many fields as possible to obtain the Daniel Mafokate of the National Herbari- Swaziland Flora Checklist following information: um of Botswana, is No. 24 in the SABONET • Who the end-users of botanical infor- Report series. Genera and species are ar- This checklist of the flora of Swaziland mation were ranged alphabetically for ease of use. The is No. 27 in the SABONET Report series. • What information they required checklist includes distribution information It was compiled by K.P. Braun, S.D.V. • In what format this information was according to the districts of Botswana, Dlamini, D.R. Mdladla, N.P. Methule, P.W. required, and illustrated in a map of the country. In- Dlamini & M.S. Dlamini. It includes Bryo- • What the end-users’ top priorities formation on grasses commonly used in phytes, Hepatophytes, Gymnosperms, Di- were. Botswana is also included. A guide for cotyledons and Monocotyledons. The list using the checklist appears on the inside is arranged numerically, but includes an With this book (SABONET Report No. 29), front cover for easy reference. index to make finding specific families and authors Tamara Smith, Gideon Smith, and

36 SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 Living Collections

Harold Porter NBG focuses on fynbos Yolande Steenkamp give an overall summary of what is required by the end-users he initial proposal for the TP Pro- the staff. We are growing Erica patersonii, of botanical information in southern Afri- Tgramme of the Harold Porter Botani- Nivenia stokoei and Witsenia maura, seed ca, and aim to provide funding bodies with cal Garden focused on Satyrium carneum of Erica lowryensis has been collected and information relevant for decision-making and Satyrium hallackii (subsp hallackii), will be sown soon, and we are rooting regarding the allocation of funding. The but the proposal was changed once the cuttings of Mimetes hottentoticus in our book also reports on the activities and co-ordinating horticulturist learnt that a glasshouse. achievements of the SABONET project tissue culture lab (a facility we do not have) from its inception to the time of publica- would be needed to propagate these spe- We aim to display three storyboards. One tion. It is illustrated with numerous tables, cies successfully. She gathered this vital will depict the reasons why plants in gen- charts, and photographs. information when she completed a two- eral are threatened, such as urbanisation, week SABONET internship at the Durban or their being specific to a certain locality. Coming soon! Botanical Garden. The second board, “What you can do,” will tell the visitors/public what their role The SABONET publications team is work- Instead, our efforts would focus on in conservation is, such as sustainable ing non-stop and expects to publish the the collection, propagation and sale of harvesting. The third board will catego- following books before the end of the the Nivenia stokoei, as this project was rise threats. The individual plant labels year: already underway at our centre. It has will have a red background, as this will • A preliminary checklist of Mozambican been included as our flagship at the Rare draw the visitor’s attention. The label will vascular plants Plants Sale. include information on why that specific • Seed plants of southern Tropical Af- plant is threatened or rare. rica Focus falls on five fynbos species • A checklist of Angolan grasses Plantings of Erica patersonii, Mimetes • A checklist of Zimbabwean vascular As our partnership with the officials at the hirtus and Brunia stokoei have taken place plants Western Cape Nature Conservation Board within the Wetland Eco-system and might • Plants of Nyika: a conservation check- - Kogelberg Biosphere Reserve developed, be included within the other sections of the list it became clear to us that the emphasis of Four Eco-systems Trail. Because of this, • A preliminary checklist of the plants of our Threatened Plant Project should be on a z-folded pamphlet depicting the four Lesotho educating the public about the threats to ecosystems and the threatened plants is • A checklist of Zambian vascular fynbos flora. In brainstorming the project envisioned as part of the interpretation. plants with our partners, we decided to identify • A preliminary checklist of the plants of five local threatened species that could be The Garden enjoyed working on the Pro- Botswana collected and cultivated for sale, display, gramme and will continue to do so. Thanks • Growing plants: a practical handbook and educational purposes. The species are to SABONET for the opportunity. on propagating the threatened plants Witsenia maura, Erica patersonii, Mimetes — Berenice Carolus, TPP Manager, of southern Africa. hottentoticus, Erica lowryensis, and Nive- Harold Porter NBG nia stokoei. —Yolande Steenkamp & Marthina Mössmer Consequently, we are developing a fynbos section as part of our Four Eco-systems Trail. This will feature a special potted display of the five selected species accom- panied by interpretive signage detailing the causes of their threatened status, as well as conservation information.

The pathway through the Fynbos Eco-sys- Start of the fynbos trail. tem is complete, thanks to the hard work of (Photo: B. Carolus)

SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 37 Threatened Plants beds at the UNZA nursery. (Photo: D. Chuba)

Conservation focuses on threatened plants Threatened Plants enclosure at the Living Collections of the Lumangwe and Kabwelume areas UNZA nursery. (Photo: D. Chuba) attempt to collect this orchid is likely to in northern Zambia be made with other funding in future. his project focuses on the rescue of purpose of identifying as many new and Because the project area is renowned for TArthyrium annae, Pandanus livingsto- previously unidentified (likely endemic) a number of endemic plant taxa, the team nianus and Habenaria orthocentron in the plants as possible. hoped to find a number of interesting taxa Lumangwe and Kabwelume Falls areas, during the trip. which are the proposed sites fo hydro- In the field electric projects. Interesting finds Dr PSM Phiri, M Phiri, H Zulu and DK Because the University of Zambia (UNZA) Chuba undertook a field trip from 13 - 23 Among the number of interesting plants Nursery is collaborating on the project, October 2003 to collect live plants of the that the team found in the area was the facilities have been set up at the UNZA mentioned taxa for ex-situ propagation. Psilotum nudum that they recorded on nursery to house the threatened plants This was done in consultation and col- a riparian forest floor in the Lumangwe to be collected under the auspices of the laboration with Department of Forestry Falls area for the first time. An interesting- project. The facilities procured and set up officers, the Zambia Wildlife Association looking orchid species (yet to be identified) include shade for plants, plastic pipes to (ZAWA) in Kawambwa and the Zam- was also collected on an island just above be used above and underground, and ac- bia Monuments Commission staff in the Lumangwe Falls. In addition, tubers companying irrigation accessories. Kawambwa and Mporokoso. Through Dr of another yet-to-be-identified orchid Phiri, Dr Graham Williamson provided species were collected up-stream from Time and financial constraints made it very valuable information and material, the Lumangwe Falls. UNZA nursery is unfeasible to undertake two field trips, which were used as a reference source attempting to propagate these. Included which would have been ideal for the added during the trip. in the other plants yet to be identified was a species of the epiphytic Bulbophyl- Of the targeted taxa, Pandanus livingsto- lum genus, with interestingly shaped nianus and Arthyrium annae seedlings/ pseudobulbs. Other unique plant seeds plants were collected. These are being and seedlings collected in addition to our propagated at the UNZA nursery. Regret- main mission plants included taxa such as tably, the team did not locate the endemic Aloe luapulana, Euphorbia williamsonii and orchid Habernaria orthocentron. Another Euphorbia fanshaweii.

The specimens will be planted in the UNZA Botanical Garden currently being developed, and multiplied to provide seedlings for sale to the public.

The numerous photographs taken during the trip will be presented in the ﬁnal report.

—D. K. Chuba University of Zambia, Department of Pandanus livingstonianus. Psilotum nudum. (Photo: D. Chuba) Biological Sciences (Photo: D. Chuba)

38 SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 Living Collections

Photograph of the newly constructed enclosure where the Stangeria eriopus collection is now housed.

Stangeria eriopus plants to be added to the live-plant collection.

Stangeria eriopus lignotuber collected from the Manguzi district: Northern Stangeria eriopus Conservation Project KZN. marks milestones

arly in 2001, the Stangeria eriopus information, hopefully for investigation of shed new light on the taxonomy of this EConservation Project was initiated the population distribution and dynamics, interesting cycad. at the Durban Botanic Gardens (DBG). phenotypic diversity and other aspects During the early project planning phase, such as the influences of development and The large (A0) informative ‘Stangeria’ scientists from other organisations were alien plant encroachment. The database is poster, that was unveiled at the annual invited to collaborate in deciding the ob- linked to the digital photographic archive, Botanical Society plant sale held in Durban jectives of the project, and to give input on which gives visual details of each plant’s in September 2003, is now available for aspects of the collecting of scientific data. natural habitat, and includes many aspects distribution via CD-ROM. The project web Input was gratefully received from the of physical features prior to collection. site, completed early in 2003 allows access National Botanical Institute, KZN Wildlife, to contact information via the web, and and the University of Natal, and the should help inform people about the collection of plants from wild areas The availability of the collection should also plight of this unique cycad, as well as soon began for the ex situ, live gene- appeal to scientists wishing to investigate the project’s intended goals. bank held at the DBG. the phenotypic and/or genetic diversity, secondary metabolite production, and aspects SABONET Threatened Plants Pro- In 2002, with the appointment of gramme funding was allocated a dedicated project co-ordinator, of cycad reproduction including pollination, to a number of field trips, nurs- project promotion via poster pre- seed development, and micro-propagation. ery items, computer support and sentations and the establishment of project promotion. If the project a database ensured that the smaller continues to enjoy the same levels details of the project were not overlooked. Research into Stangeria seed behaviour of interest from members of the public There were numerous trips to reserves in at the University of Natal (Durban) made and of the scientific community, it is sure the province including areas as far a-field headway during 2003 with Honours to achieve its objectives of furthering the as the Manguzi Forest (near Kosi Bay) and student Errol Douwes establishing a pro- conservation of this threatened species, the Umtamvuna Nature Reserve (near Port tocol for favourable in vitro germination. establishing better protocols for seed Edward). The completed database is avail- Insights into ideal seed storage methods germination and nursery propagation, and able to researchers who wish to access this and storage time were also gained. public awareness through education. The availability of the collection should also The nursery collection now includes appeal to scientists wishing to investigate plants that represent about 20 sub- the phenotypic and/or genetic diversity, populations throughout KwaZulu-Na- secondary metabolite production, and tal. This marks some progress towards aspects of cycad reproduction including obtaining a good representation of the pollination, seed development, and micro- species’ genomic diversity, which is propagation. important for a new collaborative ef- —Errol Douwes fort begun in 2004 with the Molecular School of Botany and Zoology, University Biology Department of the University of KwaZulu-Natal (Pietermaritzburg), of KwaZulu-Natal (Durban). MSc stu- Scottsville, South Africa dent Madhupa Madurai will begin an Stangeria eriopus plants growing in the Durban investigation into the molecular diver- Botanic Gardens. sity of plants in the collection, which may

SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 39 Our friends from Namibia and Pretoria on a collecting trip with staff of the Karoo Desert National Botanical Gardens pictured in the Tanqua Karoo, May 2003. From left, standing: Ian Oliver (KDBG), Silke Rugheimer (NBRI), Johanna Thomas (KDBG), Tobias Angula (NBRI), Steven Carr (NBRI), Lisa Roels (student from Germany working at KDBG) and, sitting, Bongai Masinula (Pretoria NBG). (Photo: Werner Voigt)

grown. Long lasting friendships have Karoo Desert National Botanical Garden been formed and, most importantly, the teams up with Windhoek NBRI transfer of information, especially between Living Collections the Karoo Desert NBG and the Windhoek NBRI, has been invaluable. Along the way, Ian Oliver reﬂects on the close collaboration all concerned have had a tremendous between the Karoo Desert NBG, Worcester, amount of fun. South Africa and the NBRI in Windhoek. The involvement and activities shared between the Karoo Desert NBG, Windhoek NBRI and SABONET are listed below he relationship between the Karoo Early on, the Karoo Desert NBG was (see table). TDesert NBG in Worcester and SABO- twinned with the NBRI in Windhoek. Cli- NET began in July 1998 when Dr. Daan matically, both gardens lend themselves to The SABONET project was a tremendous Botha, John Winter and Ian Oliver ﬁrst growing and cultivating arid-zone plants. success, right from its humble begin- visited the National Botanical Research Both gardens are geographically situated nings through to the end. All those who Institute NBRI in Windhoek. Then, Chris relatively close to areas rich in arid-zone participated in the SABONET activities are Willis was still the regional co-ordinator plants. certainly much richer for the knowledge (today Mr Willis is Director: Gardens and experience gained and, above all, for and Horticultural Services and based in Over the years, the relationship between the long-lasting friendships formed. Pretoria) the two gardens and SABONET has A strong bond has been established between the Karoo Desert NBG and the DATE ACTIVITY LOCATION NBRI in Windhoek. I am sure that, even July 1998 First visit to the NBRI Windhoek Windhoek, without SABONET, this partnership be- Namibia tween the two gardens will continue for October 1999 Visit by Henk Dauth, horticulturist, to learn about cultivation of succulents Karoo Desert many more years. (the start of internship training) NBG April 2000 Visit by Ian Oliver to Free State NBG where our friends from Katse Free State NBG —Ian Oliver Karoo Desert NBG, Worcester, South Botanic Garden, Lesotho, received some internship training –Bloemfontein Africa October 2000 Visit by Ian Oliver to NBRI Windhoek for 14 days for internship training Windhoek in collecting, succulent cultivation, plant recording, layout of the –Namibia desert house, etc. March 2001 Southern African Botanical Gardens Workshop Pretoria October 2001 SABONET Botanical Gardens Management Course. Ian Oliver & Nylsvlei Nature Andrew Hankey lectured on Plant Collecting Techniques Reserve April 2002 SABONET Internship programme. Ian Oliver & Andrew Hankey lectured Durban Botani- on Plant Collecting Techniques. cal Garden Nov. 2002 African Botanical Garden Congress. Presented workshop on Plant Durban Botani- Collecting Techniques. cal Garden March 2003 Transfer of USD 3000.00 by SABONET for garden’s threatened plant project. Worcester May 2003 Internship training for the NBRI Windhoek team Worcester October 2003 Brief visit to NBRI Windhoek to see progress Windhoek Namibia

40 SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 Living Collections nursery, we believe that it is vital to create Kniphoﬁa leucocephala public awareness of the plight of many of our region’s plants, and to inform people about the role of the National Botanic Gardens in conservation.

Started as a showcase for Pondoland endemics in 2002, our “Garden of Extinction” has been enlarged to include other threatened eastern region species such as Aloe parviﬂora, Dracosciadium italae, Eucomis vandemerwei, Kniphoﬁa leucocephala, Si- ponochilus aethiopicus and Syncolostemon latidens. The use of extensive interpretive signage has elicited a great deal of public interest.

Acknowledgements

KwaZulu-Natal NBG extends efforts Without the financial support of SABO- NET, much of our programme would not through collaboration have been possible. In addition, Prof. Edwards and the staff of the University ur being the only National Botani- tamination, which are both occupational of KwaZulu-Natal herbarium have pro- cal Garden in the eastern region of hazards for ex-situ nursery collections. O vided invaluable assistance in identifying South Africa means that our collecting plants, collaborative field trips, and use of area covers a very large area and a wide Collaborative projects facilities. range of habitats that range from the high-altitude Drakensberg flora to the sub- We believe that it is important to maximise —Isabel Johnson tropical coastal vegetation and grasslands conservation efforts by collaborating Horticulturist and forests between. The destruction and with other organisations in our region. KwaZulu-Natal National Botanical Garden fragmentation of plant habitats caused Here are examples of projects carried out by agriculture, commercial forestry, and in association with other conservation urban development threatens many of organisations: these types of vegetation, leaving us with • As part of a recovery plan for the an enormous task of trying to establish ge- Kniphofia leucocephala, a species netically representative living collections known from only one small wet- of a large number of species. Obviously, land near Richards Bay, Ezemvelo this is not possible because of the time and KZN Wildlife provided us with a few expense that this demands, and the lack plants and seed to establish an ex-situ of specialised growing conditions. Con- population for possible reintroduction sequently, we have had to target selected into suitable sites near the type local- species, taxa, and areas. ity. Good germination and controlled hand-pollination of these plants has Syncolostemon latidens. The flagship project targeting Gerbera resulted in a nursery population of ap- aurantiaca was described in a recent issue proximately 200 plants. of SABONET News (Johnson, I. Jan 2004. • A quest to collect seed of the eastern Threatened Plants Programme. Gerbera winter flowering variety of Aloe reitzii aurantiaca. Flagship species. SABONET (A.reitzii var vernalis) for the Pretoria News 8 (2): 96 –100). Gardens threatened plant project last year turned into a “sleuthing” operation Since then, we have enlarged our ex-situ to track down the original (and only population to include a recently reported known) locality. Extensive examination population from Mpumalanga. To find out of our digital 1:50 000 maps tracked the Threatened Plants beds at KZN NBG. exactly how variable a taxon we are deal- position of the farm “Oorgesprong” ing with and to try to establish taxonomic near Hlobane. We set out in a 4x4 boundaries for the species, we have initi- with the farm manager to try to match ated a morphological study. the photograph of the type locality. After some pretty rough terrain and We have also started collecting seed from foot slogging we had to admit defeat many of our region’s threatened plants for (temporarily) in order to get to our the Kew Millennium Seed Bank Project overnight destination. However, we based in the United Kingdom. This initia- are determined to succeed next year. tive means that seed can be stored safely under specified conditions for extended Public awareness periods to provide a “gene bank” for the future recovery plans, without the risk of While a large part of our programme takes Siponochilus aethiopicus infection by pathogens and genetic con- place “behind the scenes” in the Garden’s

SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 41 In pursuit of plants

In December 2003, INIA Botanic Garden, the University Botanic Garden, and Tun- dura Garden held a joint ﬁeld collection trip with the purpose of procuring plant material for propagation purposes. *Marta Manjate, *Filomena Barbosa and *Hilário Machava arranged and co-ordinated this trip. Marta Manjate, Sofrimento Matsimbe, Iva Carla Vaz, and Laurinda Nhamurave from INIA Botanic Garden; Filomena Bar- bosa, Annae Senkoro, Domingos Salomão, and Luis Mateulane from the University Botanic Garden; and Hilário Machava and Abel Tivane from Tunduru Garden were involved in the trip.

The participants visited the Macaneta, Bobole and Chiﬁcundzi localities in the Marracuene district; the Changalane and Goba localities in the Goba district; and the Licuáti forest in the Namaacha and

Living Collections Matutuine districts. They travelled ±1,200 Collectors’ Favourites get protection km, and collected material of Raphia australis, Encephalartos ferox, Encephalartos in Mozambique lebomboensis, and Warburgia salutaris.

The threatened plants programme in Mozambique These species were selected for the Threat- ened Plants Programme because they are aims to protect the Raphia australis, Encephalartos all threatened by over-collection. Encepha- ferox, Encephalartos lebomboensis, and Warburgia lartos ferox is especially popular with tour- salutaris, which are popular amongst collectors, ists, therefore locals in the Macaneta area collect it extensively to sell to them. Raphia writes Mario Calane da Silva. australis and Warburgia salutaris are both also under threat from habitat loss due to mplementing the Threatened Plants Pro- pating in the TPP for an internship from expanding agricultural activities. Igramme (TPP) in Mozambique started in 22 - 29 September 2002. The objectives of earnest in July 2002. The ﬁrst step was to the internship were for the Mozambican Currently, the collected plant materials determine what each participating garden team to gain experience in propagation are under care for propagation. Those - INIA Botanic Garden, the University techniques, soil preparation, and pest involved with the TPP are also gathering Botanic Garden, and Tundura Garden - control in respect to some threatened plant information on such things as the require- needed to accommodate the species that species. The participants learned how to ments, and ecology of the selected species had been selected for the Programme. propagate, prepare the soil, and control for publication in information brochures. During the needs assessment, the mate- the pests of Encephalartos species. They rial needed for each garden was listed. also learned how to propagate Warburgia * Marta Manyate, Filomena Barbosa, and It was also recognised that an exchange salutaris and other medicinal plants. Hilário Machava are the Programme co- of expertise regarding methods of plant ordinators in INIA Botanic Garden, the propagation and pest control would also The Programme purchased the materials University Botanic Garden, and Tundura be needed. Consequently, an internship needed for the propagation and fertiliza- Garden respectively. at the Durban Botanical Garden was ar- tion of the selected threatened plants at ranged. Strangeways Nursery Equipment Dis- —Mario Calane da Silva tributors in Durban and had it delivered Moving forward DBG shares expertise to Maputo in March 2003. Because of the The Threatened Plants Programme time that it took for customs to clear the in Mozambique plans’ include: The Durban Botanical Garden hosted three material, the Gardens received it only in • Brochures, leaﬂets to be printed in April staff members from each Garden partici- May 2003. 2004; • Participation in important events related Number of species collected to environment for the dissemination and Species Total in gardens Total in nurseries marketing of the programme and the species involved; Encephalartos ferox 31 212 • Design of new projects for raising funds to Encephalartos lebomboensis 48 28 ensure the continuity of the TPP in Mozam- Raphia australis 2 56 bique, and • Presentations and discussions of the results Warburgia salutariss 1 896 cuttings to relevant institutions in June 2004.

42 SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 Living Collections needs of the market, while collaborating with research into the plant to improve management strategies.

The establishment of “successful and appropriate” propagation procedures and sites, and the transfer of the necessary propagation and plant maintenance skills to communal/commercial operators (farmers) was seen as central to the long- term protection of in situ (“wild”) plant populations.

A propagation trial was established at the National Botanic Garden of Namibia (NBGN) with a one-year SABONET grant of U$3 000 and the appointment of a SA- BONET horticulturalist to implement and oversee the project.

Implementation

Given the uneven (steep) topography of the NBGN, space for the propagation of Namibia NBG propagates Hoodia plants is limited. There are two greenhouses (4m x 2m) and two shaded structures (8m x 4m). Because the shaded structures Background the past three years. Requests for plant were in a state of disrepair, the first activity material have soared to such an extent of the TPP was to revamp the structures. What is Hoodia? that it has triggered alarm in relevant The sides and the roof were covered with government ministries and amongst new shade netting and raised beds built oodias (Apocynaceae) are stem suc- other parties. There was concern that the with bricks, then filled with sand. We Hculents endemic to the drier regions high prices being offered for plant mate- brought in two different types of sand to of southern Africa. Ten taxa occur in rial and the lack of a national framework make a generic germination and growing Namibia. The status of the different taxa for the managing and marketing of such medium. Flat seed trays were obtained and in Namibia varies: H. alstonii, H. juttae, H. material would rapidly lead to the uncon- many 7.5cm plastic pots purchased. pedicellata, H. rushii, H. triebneri are cat- trolled harvesting of the plants in situ, with egorised as vulnerable due to their small devastation consequences for population A field trip to collect Hoodia gordonii seeds population numbers and very limited numbers. was undertaken to southern Namibia early range. H.officinalis subsp. delaetiana is en- in November 2002. Four farms with large dangered. H. currori, H. flava, H. gordonii, Hoodia populations were targeted and H. officinalis subsp. officinalis, H. parviflora It was decided, therefore, that a proactive many seeds collected. We kept the seeds are not threatened at present (Craven and approach to Hoodia management needed from the different sites separately. Loots, 2002). to be undertaken, to pre-empt the demand for plant material harvested in situ. The SABONET horticulturalist attended Why was Hoodia selected? This would include propagation trials to a two-week horticultural training course establish the germination and growing at the Durban Botanic Gardens, as well The plant has recognised appetite sup- requirements of the plants, to assess the vi- as a two-week internship at Kirstenbosch pressant qualities and a huge potential ability of cultivating Hoodia (as a crop) and National Botanical Garden and the Karoo market for Hoodia-based dietetics is evolv- therefore establishing a national cultiva- Desert National Botanical Garden. SABO- ing. This has led to a dramatic increase tion programme. This programme would NET sponsored these activities, which had in the level of interest in Hoodia species, encourage landowners to participate in a direct impact on the Programme because especially H. gordonii, in Namibia over the cultivation of Hoodia plants to meet the they contributed greatly to improving our levels of skill and equipped us with the specialised knowledge required for the maintenance of xerophytic plants.

Progress

Once the seeds had been collected, germination activities got underway. Each individual seed was stripped of its tassel and planted in a seed tray. The origin of each tray of seeds was recorded on the tray. The seeds were germinated in the Hoodia gordonii seedlings in trays at H. gordonii seedlings transplanted into greenhouses. Once the seedlings were the NBGN. (Photo: S.J. Carr) pots at the NBGN. (Photo: S.J. Carr) 1.5 cm high, they were transplanted into

SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 43 individual pots and moved under 60 per- Disinfecting the growing medium and the cent shade netting. After a few weeks, growing area is also important for reduc- they were placed in the shade houses (40 ing pathogens. percent shade netting) in their pots on the raised beds. This process of germination Experiences continued through the summer, with the last batch being sown early in March. By Probably the most significant and valuable that stage, some 8 000 seeds had been activity/aspect that the TPP facilitated was sown and 4 400 seedlings were growing. the exposure of the SABONET horticultur- A further batch of seeds was planted in alist at the NBGN to experts in this field. July 2003 during the winter to determine Their willingness to share their experience germination rates during winter. None of and advice has been a significant contrib- the seeds germinated. uting factor to the success of the TPP at the NBGN. In the meantime, fungus has appeared Hoodia alstonii among the seedlings, resulting in the The road ahead loss of some, while others did not appear to be negatively affected. Woolly root The TPP has been a success to date. This aphids have also appeared and destroyed is demonstrated by the expansion of the a number of seedlings. The use of sys- propagation trial project into a national temic fungicides and pesticides was not cultivation initiative funded by the Euro- permitted, as the aim of the germination pean Union, to cultivate Hoodia and other trials was to determine the requirements succulents. The successful outcome of the of Hoodia under cultivation as an organic propagation trials laid the basis for this. Living Collections product/crop. The fungus and aphids were Without SABONET’s TPP it is unlikely suppressed by using a diluted solution of that an initiative of this nature would have bicarbonate of soda. Ants were discour- emerged in Namibia. It presented an op- Hoodia officinalis subsp. delaetiana aged by pouring a pesticide around the portunity for the NBGN to take the lead outside of the structures. This all proved in contributing to the protection of a to be limited in its success and low-level resource that would otherwise most likely losses are continuing. been have exploited unsustainably. The protection of in situ Hoodia populations Nevertheless, the propagation trials have and the expansion of cultivation activities proved successful. It has been clearly dem- nationally to meet the demand for plant onstrated that Hoodia plants can readily material for commercial purposes, while be germinated from seeds and grown in generating income for rural communities large numbers. This can be achieved with and farmers, should become evident with minimal capital outlay and infrastructure time. This will be the ultimate measure of development. the long-term success of the SABONET Hoodia juttae TPP in Namibia. There are, however, some problems. These include fungal infections and woolly root —Stephen J. Carr, aphid infestations. The prevention and TPP Manager, NBGN eradication of these diseases and pests is limited to organic methods of control. Craven and Loots, 2002. Namibia. In: J. These methods work better when used S. Golding (ed.). Southern African Red as a preventive measure, but are not as Data Lists. SABONET Report No.14: effective as inorganic control methods. 61-92

Hoodia ruschi

H.gordonii seedlings hardening-off under shade netting at the NBGN. (Photo: S.J. Carr) Hoodia triebneri

44 SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 Living Collections seed-grown individuals. Germination of this taxon appears to be excellent with germination rates of as much as 80–95 percent.

A community-run nursery and on-site ex situ conservation programme have been established in this taxon’s area of natural occurrence, in order to cultivate plants from seeds. This aims to relieve pressure put on the wild population by the local inhabitants. More than 2 000 seeds have also been collected and sent to the Kew Millennium Seed Bank Project for cryo- preservation.

The propagation of Acacia sp. nov. has proved very disappointing, with only ﬁve seed-grown individuals currently surviv- ing out of several seeds sown. There is a Lowveld Garden targets cycads, need for further research as the taxon appears to be a hyper-accumulator. This is a yam and Acacia fact that does not bode well for further ex situ conservation efforts at this stage. Tovowani Mukoma reports on the progress Future Plans made thus far with the Lowveld Threatened • Recollect seeds of Acacia sp. nov. and Plants Programme which aims to conserve try various cultivation techniques. • Test taxon for hyper-accumulation. cycads, the wild yam and a species of Acacia. • Continued supply of seeds for cryo- storage, for the Kew Millennium Seed n 2001, the Lowveld National Botanical 3. Acacia Bank Project will be maintained for IGarden (LNBG) in Nelspruit, like most both taxa, when necessary. of the other 22 participating botanical An Acacia sp. nov. was selected for the gardens in southern Africa, submitted Threatened Plant Programme, because —Tovowani Mukoma its proposal for a Threatened Plants of: Lowveld National Botanical Garden Programme to the SABONET Steering • Its small world population and localised Nelspruit committee. Funds amounting to 3000.00 distribution US dollars were awarded for each project. • The need to develop cultivation tech- HURTER, P.J.H. 2002. Threatened plant The Lowveld NBG began its project in 2002 niques programmes. SABONET News 7(3): with much enthusiasm. • The need to establish its horticultural 222-223. requirements, since little is known HURTER, P.J.H. 2003. A new pachycaul 1. Cycads about this recently discovered spe- Dioscorea species from Mpumalanga cies. Province, South Africa and its Traditionally, cycads (Encephalortos conservation. Aloe 40(2&3): 73-75. spp.) have been incorporated in LNBG’s The objectives of the Lowveld MAUNDER, M. 2002. IUCN Policy on the Threatened Plant Programme since 1985, National Botanical Garden management of ex situ populations for and the garden now boasts an almost Threatened Plants Programme conservation. SABONET News 8(1): complete living collection of all African are to: 18-19 cycads and several gene banks. Cycads were selected speciﬁcally because of their • Cultivate these narrow endemics and status as threatened species and their out- eventually make them available for standing horticultural value. This project public use. is nearing completion. • Investigate contributory factors to the rarity and localised distribution of the 2. Dioscorea two endemics. • Continuously investigate major threats A wild yam (Dioscorea sp. nov) has also to these plants in situ and verify their been selected for the Threatened Plant status. Programme, for two main reasons: • These plants have medicinal value, and Ex situ Propagation are currently under pressure due to their small world population. Two separate (one in the Lowveld NBG, • The plants have unsurpassed horticul- and in one other NBI garden) living gene tural potential, owing to their pachy- banks of Dioscorea sp. nov. have been caul growth form (P.J.H. Hurter, 2002, established. Combined, these two living 2003). collections consist of approximately 1 250 Dioscorea sp. nov in situ.

SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 45 Missing any SABONET publications? SABONET News—still available

Vol. 7 No. 2 Vol. 8 No. 2 Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2002 January 2004 September 2004

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46 SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 ORDER YOUR BACK ISSUES NOW SABONET Report Series—still available

No. 10: No. 18: No. 20:

Plant taxonomic expertise— an inventory for Trees of Botswana: Names and Distribution Checklist of grasses in Namibia southern Africa

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SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 47 tops or in reserves are regarded as less of a priority as their habitats are not directly threatened.

Implementation

We decided that two main conservation areas (Core Conservation Sites) were to receive attention under our Threatened Plant Programme. In addition, we had to focus on the species that deserved our special attention. This required meeting local representatives of Nature Conserva- tion authorities responsible for the areas to draw up a strategy for conserving the habitat and the threatened plants.

We decided on two main areas namely Rondevlei with Muizenberg Mountain in background. Plattekloof National Heritage Site about 20 km outside Cape Town and Rondevlei Na- ture Reserve near Muizenberg. Plattekloof has some of the last natural populations of Serruria aemula and a number of other red data species such as Leucadendron le- Living Collections Kirstenbosch favours Cape Flats fynbos visanus. Rondevlei also has some very rare After a shift in focus, the Kirstenbosch Threatened lowlands fynbos and is the habitat for the Plants Programme is concentrating its efforts, in ‘extinct in the wild’ Erica verticillata.

collaboration with Cape Nature Conservation, on Fortunately, there were management threatened species of fynbos on the Cape Flats near plans already in place for these areas. The Cape Town, writes Anthony Hitchcock, Nursery and local Conservation Officers are very keen Collections Manager at Kirstenbosch that we form partnerships with them. They need Kirstenbosch plant and horticultural knowledge to assist in the restoration of Background Many of the rare fynbos species are very damaged areas within their reserves. difficult to keep alive because they are he Kirstenbosch Threatened Plant susceptible to numerous diseases and are Plattekloof National Heritage TProgramme has undergone consider- short-lived. The truth of the matter is that Site able changes over the last few years. Up the gene pool of each species was poorly until 2000, the approach was to identify represented in our ‘rare’ collections so The Plattekloof Natural Heritage Site falls rare plants from published Red Data lists they were not of significant conservation under the main Eskom power lines that and to target and collect as many of these value. The challenge therefore was to de- supply the city. Eskom was supposed to as possible. The ‘fynbos’ families were the velop a Threatened Plants Programme that manage the heritage site, but the manage- main focus and particularly the Proteas would be practical in its implementation ment plans that professional conservation and Ericas. The aim was to collect as many and that would yield tangible results. ecologists drew up were not adhered to. ‘rare’ species as possible and to grow them The area now falls under the management in pots or for the garden, depending on We decided that we would focus our at- of the City Nature Conservation authorities where they were most likely to survive. tention on those threatened species that with whom we collaborate. Steyn Marais is Little or no thought was given to critical grow in threatened habitats particularly the manager in charge of the area. factors such as how representative these in the Cape Floristic Kingdom. Conse- collections were of the gene pool, if the quently, the areas that qualify most for our habitat was threatened, or whether we attention are those under pressure on the could manage all these collections prop- Cape Flats near to Cape Town. Rare spe- erly and keep the plants alive. cies that are relatively safe on mountain

Clone of Erica verticillata found Clone of Erica verticillata found on Endangered Serruria aemula—one of growing at Protea Park, Pretoria, 1984. Kirstenbosch estate. the restoration plants at Plattekloof.

48 SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 Living Collections

Plattekloof Heritage site sign with Table Mountain in background.

Trevor Adams, Kirstenbosch Propagator, collecting cuttings of Leucadendron levisanus at Plattekloof Natural Heri- tage Site. Later, plants were returned to Mr Adonis Adonis—Head foreman damaged sections of Plattekloof. at Kirstenbosch who discovered the Two Red Data species were earmarked Kirstenbosch clone of Erica verticillata for restoration at Plattekloof namely the in 1990. endangered Serruria aemula and the rare Leucadendron levisanus. Rondevlei Nature Reserve Restoration Cuttings were collected from these plants Anthony Hitchcock shows Nature and rooted at the Kirstenbosch nursery. We have been working with Nature Con- Conservation partners how to correctly These were grown on in steam-steril- servation Officer, Dalton Gibbs, on the plant Leucadendron levisanus back at ized soil until the plants were ready for restoration of ‘extinct in the wild’ Erica Plattekloof. planting and conditions were suitable. verticillata. We supplied Rondevlei with Planting took place on the 12th June 2003 plants of one clone of this species for initial after the first winter rains. Kirstenbosch trial on the site. The trial planting showed horticulturists were present to show us the niche habitat where the Erica would Nature Conservation the correct method survive. More plants were supplied and of planting. these have established and thrived in the habitat. A second clone of this species was Monitoring planted in July/August 2002 and has been successfully established. The Leslie Hill Molecular Laboratory Trevor Adams (Plant Propagator) and where genetic fingerprinting of Erica I followed up planting by visiting the Long-term Survival verticillata was done. site every two months. The plants grew steadily until the end of October. I visited The different clones of Erica verticillata are how we are to proceed with intra-specific Plattekloof again on 18 December 2003. very poor producers of seed. The reason hybridisation in the hope of increasing Unfortunately, the majority of both species for this low viability is unknown, as Erica the viability of the seed. A restoration have died since the end of October even usually produces copious quantities of programme using these plants will only though they were showing active growth seed. Flower heads collected from plants be viable if they produce enough seed for then. I assumed that this is the natural at Rondevlei are open-pollinated by a good recruitment after fire. loss associated with certain susceptible range of pollinators including sunbirds, fynbos species. This made me think that long probiscid flies, moths, and bees. Seed Attempts are also being made to source we should concentrate on broadcasting set is still low despite active pollination, material of a number of other potential seed of these species as well as planting but it has been noticed that it is a bit higher E. verticillata clones. They are from to achieve success. Perhaps the very dry where the two different Erica verticillata Tresco Abbey Gardens (Great Britain), winter also played a role in the losses. clones exist together. Plantsmen’s Exchange (USA), and bo- Natural regeneration of a range of species tanical gardens in New Zealand, Australia, has been quite good in some areas. I have Conservation Genetics Germany, and Russia. suggested we involve the Millennium Seed Bank in a project to assist rehabilitation I approached Dr Gail Reeves at the Hill Although Erica turgida does not officially as part of the next 5-year plan starting Molecular Laboratory for her assistance form part of this programme, we are plan- in 2005. in establishing the validity of the genetic ning to plant it at Rondevlei as it has be- material of our Erica verticillata clones. come extinct at the Kenilworth site. This This will indicate to us whether they is possibly due to poor land management. Erica clones tested are different clones or if there is some We have also been asked by Cape Nature duplication. Conservation to grow plants of Erica tur- Erica verticillata 536/84 Pretoria clone gida and Erica verticillata for restoration at 294/90 Kirstenbosch clone The Hill Laboratory has done primary Kenilworth Race Course where they have 594/84 Kew clone genetic fingerprinting of Erica verticil- taken on a monitoring role. A collaborative 109/01 Vienna clone lata clones and established that there are project with Nature Conservation incorpo- currently five distinct clones in our collec- rating management and restoration of the 110/01 Vienna clone tions. We will use this information to plan Kenilworth Race Course site, which is of

SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 49 high value in conservation terms, is in the planning stage.

Garden of Extinction

The ‘Garden of Extinction’ is being developed at the new Centre for Home Garden- ing at Kirstenbosch. The idea is that we make the public more aware of the plight of many of our plants and that we are in danger of losing them. The garden will display threatened plants from around the country with emphasis on those that are good horticultural subjects. Interpretive boards have been designed to explain the concepts and threats.

Insurance

The Kirstenbosch Threatened Plants Proj- ect has many challenges and is dependent on a number of factors that could mean success or failure. To make sure that we have a better chance of success and play

Living Collections Walter Sisulu NBG co-operative a more meaningful role in conservation of threatened plants we have an insur- conservation effort aids Aloe albida ance policy. Sharon Turner, Curator of the Walter Sisulu The insurance policy takes the form of National Botanical Garden explains why Aloe albida the Millennium Seed Bank Project, which is a global initiative emanating from the (Stapf) is the focus of that Garden’s Threatened Royal Botanical Gardens Kew. The project Plants Programme, which has achieved a number of involves collecting and storing seeds of a successes to date. wide range of our Flora under controlled environmental conditions. This ensures long-term storage and survival of the spe- Background through both ex situ and in situ conserva- cies even if it dies out in its natural habitat. tion initiatives. The project leaders are The seed is stored for the country of origin Aloe albida (Stapf) Reynolds is a nar- Mervyn Lötter (MPB) and Andrew Hankey in case it is needed to restore plants that rowly endemic miniature species. It is (WSNBG). have been lost. geographically localised and occurs within the Barberton Centre of Plant Endemism The in situ initiatives, co-ordinated by Finally in South Africa. The region is well suited the MPB, include opening of corridors to timber production, resulting in large to enable gene-ﬂow between remaining The Threatened Plants Project would not areas being transformed through af- populations, monitoring of population progress or have a chance of success if it forestation. This loss, degradation, and dynamics and possible re-establishment were not for the excellent help and sup- fragmentation of habitat coupled with of ex situ seed in natural areas where the port we have had from other directorates historical and current collector pressure species formerly occurred but has become within the NBI. I would like to mention for the local and international trade in locally extinct. Support and advice for particularly the Research Directorate and rare succulent plants has resulted in the landowners is also an important element their various branches such as the Herbar- species becoming extremely threatened of the Programme. The in situ conserva- ium, Conservation Biology, Molecular Lab, in its natural habitat. tion initiatives are described more fully in and the Climate Change Research Group. Appendix B attached. The WSNBG also Outside the NBI, we have very good rela- The species is classiﬁed as Endangered assists with the in situ programme as tions with Cape Nature Conservation and under the IUCN Red List Categories and is required from time to time. are collaborating on conservation projects listed on CITES Appendix 1, consequently with them. requiring co-operative conservation efforts, both in situ and ex situ. Various —Anthony Hitchcock, stakeholders including private landown- Nursery and Collections Manager, ers, provincial and semi-government Kirstenbosch departments have initiated these.

To this end, a collaborative project has been established. Facilitated by the Mpumalanga Parks Board (MPB) together with the Walter Sisulu National Botanical Garden (WSNBG), the project aims at ensuring the conservation of Aloe albida

50 SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 The ex situ programme is based at the WS- evant parties, population monitoring Living Collections NBG and includes the ex situ propagation and studies.) of seed and plants to be made available to the trade to reduce collector pressure Successes to date and to supply to the MPB for reintroduction and re-establishment purposes as The Aloe albida project, which has been required. It also includes aspects of gene- running for a couple of years, has achieved banking as well as public awareness and some significant milestones. information programmes. It is for this ex • MPB removed eighteen plants from a situ component that funding was sourced previously afforested area and handed from SABONET. these over to the WSNBG in June 2000 for gene-banking and propagation Implementation research. Aloe albida has proved to be exceptionally easy to propagate and Specific activities of the ex situ programme within one year of growth, the same include: 18 plants were propagated by divi- • Propagation and cultivation of plants, sion and had proliferated to 88 plants primarily from seed and by division of by subdivision of the offsets from the parent clumps, to build up extensive ex parent plants. At the same time, a small situ reserves of material. amount of seed collected in the wild Aloe albida in habitat. • Construction of the Potting Shed and was also made available to WSNBG. (Photo: NBI) Seedling House at WSNBG Index A small percentage (ca. 20 percent) Nursery. of the seedlings produced from this • Distribution of plant material to local seed flowered for the first time within and international plant wholesales one year of sowing. This indicates and growers. (Note: This project does that most seedlings will reach sexual not intend to supply the end-user, but maturity two years after germination, rather to provide parent stock material which is remarkably quick for plants intended for propagation purposes to in this genus. During the 2003 season, the trade.) a significant amount of seed was har- • Gene-banking – the living collection at vested. WSNBG serves as a gene bank for Aloe albida. • The WSNBG has established a substan- • Seed produced from plants with tial ex situ gene pool of propagation well-documented locality data will be material from various documented seed-banked for the reinforcement and localities provided by the MPB. Al- re-establishment programme to be car- though the MPB retains ownership of ried out by MPB. all the material and will administer and • Documentation of all propagation and oversee the distribution of material and cultivation techniques trialled. the permitting system, the plants will • Field work to assist with in situ conser- be held at the WSNBG where they can vation measures as required by MPB be closely monitored and propagated Aloe albida replicates rapidly under (such as reintroduction and re-estab- with dedicated nursery resources and ideal conditions. (Photo: NBI) lishment of populations, rehabilitation horticultural expertise. after mining activities, site meetings with local landowners and other rel- • Collaboration with the various land-

Vegetative propagation by division. (Photo: NBI)

Parent-stock in full ﬂower. (Photo: NBI)

SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 51 owners involved has created awareness of the sensitivity of the species. Ongoing management advice from vegetation specialists with regard to burning regimes and ﬁre-break management has already been realised, with close co-operation with forestry companies resulting in the modiﬁcation of burning policies to suit the requirements of Aloe albida.

• The MPB has entered into negotia- tions with Sappi (South African Pulp and Paper Industry) to clear a small patch of Pinus elliotii trees in order to re-establish seed into the area to enhance gene-ﬂow between isolated populations eventually. Afforestation has effectively isolated and fragmented one formerly larger population.

• Andrew Hankey presented a paper entitled “Co-operative conservation

Living Collections initiative for the preservation of Aloe Zimbabwe’s Lobelia stricklandiae albida (Stapf) Reynolds (Aloaceae) - The ex situ and in situ conservation of and Scadoxus pole-evansii the endangered Aloe albida within the Barberton Centre of Plant Endemism, enjoy botanists’ protection South Africa” Hankey and Lötter (2002) at the Science for Plant Conservation The Zimbabwe Threatened Plants programme Congress held in Dublin, Ireland in chose Lobelia stricklandiae and Scadoxus pole- June 2002. evansii as its ﬂagship species. Manager of the

• Sharon Turner presented a summary of Zimbabwe Threatened Plants Programme, Andrew this Threatened Species Programme at T. Mangwarara, reviews the Programme. the African Botanic Gardens Congress in November 2002. Background—Lobelia flowers on each branch are clustered at • We are in discussion with an environ- stricklandiae the tips, but only a few flowers on each mental consultant company (referred branch branch will be open on any given to us by Mpumalanga Parks Board) to obelia stricklandiae is a large, robust day as flowering proceeds. assist in a search and rescue of Aloe Lperennial with a giant–rosette growth albida from an area near Barberton form. The leaf rosettes may be up to 1m After flowering and fruiting, each aerial where a road is to be constructed. in diameter. Individual aerial stems do stem dies back to the base of the plant, not branch (unless the apex is damaged). which develops the perenniating ‘crown’ • An article outlining the various Threat- They grow 2-3 m high in vegetative form just below the soil surface. Each aerial ened Species Programmes of the WS- before producing a very tall (up to 3 m) stem may require up to 2-3 years to reach NBG (including the Aloe albida project) inflorescence that consists of one main reproductive size, but the growth rate in was published in Urban Green File axis with 1525 lateral branches. the field is unknown. The plant Lobelia (May/June 2003 Issue). stricklandiae (like other Lobelias) has a It forms a narrowly pyramidal panicle with milky sap. Future Plans scattered ascending branches. The 1030 • Ongoing propagation and cultivation We chose this plant because it is one of of Aloe albida for the provision of seed many plants that are threatened by the to the horticultural industry and to conversion of land use to Eucalyptus and MPB. Pine plantations. We observed that this • Development of educational / interpre- herbaceous plant could become a horti- tive materials – brochure and poster de- cultural specimen in gardens, because of tailing the threatened plant programme its outstanding vegetative form. It flowers of the WSNBG. after a long wait, but when it does its light • Backup collections to be distributed purple flowers are a pleasing sight. and housed in other southern African and international botanical gardens, Background—Scadoxus where appropriate. pole-evansii

—Sharon Turner, Curator: Lobelia stricklandiae growing in the The second plant that we chose for the TTP Walter Sisulu National Botanical Garden Nursery. (Photo: A. Mapaura) was Scadoxus pole-evansii; an endemic

52 SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 Living Collections species of the Eastern Highlands of Zim- Progress and Experiences babwe. In the same manner as its relative, Scadoxus multiflorus, this plant is sought The road we have travelled from the time after for horticultural exploitation. It is a when we commenced the Programme to bulbous plant, that appears during the where we are now has been uphill. When rainy season and soon produces beautiful we started, we had to devise a method to crimson flowers (between October and propagate the seed of Lobelia. The seed December). is very small, less than a millimetre in diameter, and when planting such small All the staff of the National Herbarium seed it is easy to make mistakes. and Botanic Garden contributed in one way or another to the TTP. However, the In the first trial, we used Kalahari sand following staff members carried out the and planted the seeds in 12 cm diameter research work: clay pots. The seeds were placed on the • Soul Shava (Curator of the Botanic soil surface and were not covered. The Garden) clay pots were placed in water-filled trays • Anthony Mapaura (Red Data List Na- that were kept moist while the seeds ger- tional Co-ordinator) minated and the seedlings grew until they • Andrew Mangwarara (TTP Manager) were big enough o be transplanted.

Lobelia plant in the Nursery. Implementation Before germination, the clay pots were (Photo: A. Mapaura) covered with glass to create a humid With funds from SABONET, the TTP was populations in an effort to represent the microclimate and to prevent water from implemented with Soul Shava, Anthony genetic diversity of the population. splashing away the seed. We had a 100 Mapaura, and Andrew Mangwarara em- percent success rate with germination. barking on a field trip to the Eastern High- Back at the garden, a site was chosen that lands of Zimbabwe from 21 – 26 October would serve as the ex situ conservation However, the plants from the first trial did 2002. The aim of the trip was to assess the site. The collected plants were planted not grow well and eventually died. We at- distribution and quality of the habitat of on the site and we began our effort to tributed this to the lack of nutrients in the the aforementioned species and to collect propagate the seed of Lobelia stricklandiae, Kalahari sand. We had assumed that we material for use in the Programme. which would later prove to be an immense were going to transplant the plants early task. enough, but we learnt that they were too Of the various sites visited during the field small to transplant and the growth was trip, the first was Penhalonga, where the Before the commencement of the TTP, too slow. first specimen of Lobelia stricklandiae was Andrew had an opportunity to attend an observed. The area has been converted to internship at Lowveld National Botanical Instead, we decided to use sterilised well- forest land dominated by Eucalyptus and Garden, in Nelspruit, South Africa from 28 rooted compost with a 1 cm thick layer of Pine plantations. Although we carried out July to 3 August 2002 as manager of the Kalahari sand on top, on which we spread an extensive search, we found no Lobelias Programme. There Johan Hurter intro- the seed. The Lobelia plants rewarded us at Penhalonga. duced the concepts of in situ and ex situ and we managed to transplant them into conservation. During the internship, the individual plant sleeves. We managed to On the next day, we hiked to the Mtarazi focus was mainly on Zimbabwean cycads, grow 26 plants from this first successful falls, which are a known Scadoxus pole- but the same principles can be used for trial. evansii site. However, despite a whole other threatened plants. day’s walking, climbing and crawling, we did not manage to find Scadoxus. We learnt why it was important to establish an off-site preservation Next we tried other sites known for site namely: Scadoxus pole-evansii including Nyam- a) To provide a protective and man- hingura River in the Tanganda Tea Estate, aged site for growing plants to ar- the Mtarazi falls and Pungwe Gorge. After rest the potential genetic erosion almost losing the way, we returned with- of the wild population. out having spotted any plants. b) To provide a gene reservoir for basic and applied research for the On the last day, we visited the Chimani- present and for the future. mani sites of Lobelia stricklandiae and we c) To provide plants and materials were amazed to find two significant sites in to individuals, organisations and the area. The first site had about 50 Lobelia institutions so that the pressure plants. The second site resembled a sown is taken away from wild popula- field with its more than one thousand tions. plants, including juveniles in an open d) To provide plants and materials patch 10 km wide and 1 km long within for display and collection, and the forest. education. e) To provide seeds and plants for We collected our starting material for the introduction into the nursery TTP, which included seedlings and seed. trade. Lobelia photo taken two years ago in the We made our selection randomly from the Botanic Garden. (Photo: A. Mapaura)

SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 53 Of these, we planted 11 plants on the chosen site in the garden and kept 10 in the nursery. We planted out five plants on the periphery of a lake within the garden. book review These plants did not do well, and died because of excess moisture. The rest of the plants are growing well. Biodiversity Prospecting & After the lessons learnt, we have managed to raise 110 plants from seed. All Access and Benefit Sharing these plants were propagated from seed collected in Chimanimani. We have also Laird, S.A. & Wynberg, R. 2003 tional knowledge. The authors also include managed to germinate Lobelia seedlings International Union for Conservation of a brief description of the Convention on that are still being nursed in the nursery. Nature and Natural Resources Biological Diversity. They make mention of Available from IUCN-SA and the National related international agreements and what The Road Ahead botanical Institute these state in terms of genetic resources and traditional knowledge. The future of the Zimbabwe Threatened his book was developed as an intro- Plants Programme is bright. We have been Tductory primer to issues associated In chapter five, the authors describe some very successful, because we managed to with bio-prospecting and access and ben- of the difficulties encountered in ensuring learn from our mistakes and salvage the efit sharing. The authors target a wide terms are ‘fair and equitable’. Some of situation by raising plants from seed. The audience, from traditional healers and these difficulties include a lack of working TTP has allowed us to gain experience communities, through to non-governmen- definitions of what constitutes ‘fair and

Living Collections in propagating this rare and threatened tal organisations and policy makers. The equitable’ and again the authors use the plant. first chapter explains biodiversity and how example of the Hoodia case study. it can be divided. In the near future, we hope to raise enough Chapter 6 looks at a new framework for plants to be able to introduce this impor- The second chapter describes the useful ensuring that genetic resource exchanges tant plant into the nursery trade. Our hope products of biodiversity. This section gives are fairer and more equitable. The authors is that we can disseminate this plant to an insight into the manner in which spe- describe international and national laws such an extent that there will always be cies co-depend on each other for survival and policies, contractual agreements, Lobelia stricklandiae growing somewhere and provides examples to illustrate such researcher ethics, institutional policies, in the country. relationships. A table provides informa- indigenous people’s declarations and cor- tion on certain pharmaceutical drugs porate policies. They also indicate all the We intend to train local nurseries to propa- developed from traditional knowledge. countries that regulate or plan to regulate gate this plant. As a start, we will be sup- access to genetic resources. plying them with seedlings, but we hope Chapter three mentions all the activities that they will also be able to collect seed that are referred to as bio-prospecting, The last chapter emphasises the need for and propagate it from their collections. as well as other biodiversity researches. substantial input regarding bio-prospect- This chapter provides short paragraphs to ing and access and benefit sharing. Some Without TTP we intend to select possible indicate the industries that are involved in key references and useful web sites are sites for re-introduction of Lobelia strick- bio-prospecting, how they use traditional provided, and it concludes with a glos- landiae and undertake this project until knowledge and also how traditional heal- sary. we see that the plant is well established ers can be protected from exploitation in these sites. by companies. The authors describe a This is an indispensable book for all bio- case study of the commercialisation of diversity users, as it contains most of the Since we failed to collect bulbs of Scadoxus Hoodia, which was based on traditional information needed in this field. pole-evansii we intend to go on a follow- San knowledge. up trip to search for this horticultural —Phillpine Mapiyeye gem. Chapter four describes how people view and exchange genetic resources and tradi- —Andrew T. Mangwarara

Lobelia ﬂower taken two years ago in the Botanic Garden. (Photo: A. Mapaura)

54 SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 book review Easy guide to indigenous shrubs

Pitta Joffe (2003) and when and how to water. There is also for each species. Published by Briza Publications (ISBN a section on pests that describes the most 1-875093-40-0) common pests, the symptoms they pro- The main part of the book contains in- 128 pages duce, and safe ways of dealing with them. formation on over 94 shrub species. The The book provides a few ‘safe pesticide’ author’s previous books dealt with many his is a welcome addition to local lit- recipes that are environmentally-friendly of these plants, but 12 of these are new ac- Terature on gardening with indigenous and non-toxic to the useful creatures counts and much of the previous informa- plants. As with the author’s previous books that inhabit the garden. There is also tion has been pruned or expanded upon on the subject, this one is packed with very information on feeding plants, when to for this book. Information provided for useful information. fertilise, what fertiliser is best for different each species includes its common name situations, and the importance of applying (in various languages), its scientific name The Introduction explains the need for correct proportions. It also includes a short and family name, and full colour photo- such a book. It also dwells on the im- explanation of the numerical formulas of graphs of the mature plant that show its portance and use of shrubs in gardens, fertilisers. The book also deals with the habit and close-ups of the flowers. There particularly small gardens. The author importance of mulch, its functions, and is also a description of the shrub and its gives a few useful tips for smaller (e.g. sources thereof, as well as the necessity uses, how to propagate and cultivate it, townhouse) gardens, including how to of regularly replenishing the mulch layer. its natural distribution, an indication of train large shrubs into small trees. The last part of this section gives good size, characteristics, growth requirements, information on why, how and when to whether it is attractive to birds and insects, The next section, What are shrubs and why prune shrubs. and its flower colour and flowering time. do people like growing them, explains the For many species, the author gives some different functions and uses that shrubs Birds and butterflies bring your garden to brief information on related species, can perform in a garden. There are short life! uses symbols to indicate species that which adds to the usefulness of the book. descriptions of how the fruit, nectar and are useful for attracting birds and insects. A wealth of useful hints are scattered seeds of shrubs can be used to attract This section gives general and specific in boxes throughout the book, most are birds. In addition, shrubs can be planted information on what to look for when general, but some pertain to the specific specifically for their profusion of flowers, choosing suitable plants, and tips on creat- species under discussion. lovely foliage and fragrance, or to screen ing suitable habitats that will attract birds, strong winds and block unsightly views. butterflies, and moths to your garden. The shrubs are divided into small, medium and large according to their height. These Tips on planning a garden emphasises the The section It’s easy to propagate your sections are colour-coded for easy refer- importance of the vertical and horizontal own plants gives valuable information ence. The number of species treated is as design of a garden. According to Joffe, on propagating shrubs (and plants in follows: small shrubs (36); medium shrubs ‘Shrubs give gardens shape and structure general) from seeds and cuttings. It also (25); and large shrubs (33) and provide a sense of enclosure’. She includes tips on constructing makeshift suggests what plants to use in particular ‘greenhouses’ for germination and for The book ends with a List of references situations, and discusses the use of shrubs growing seedlings and cuttings. ‘Potting and a comprehensive Index containing as hedges, evergreen vs. deciduous on’ instructs the reader on how to prepare scientific names, common names, and shrubs, and the use of foliage texture, seedlings and cuttings before planting family names, thus making it very easy to shape, colour, and aroma. Another point them out in the garden. This section also find information on a specific shrub. that the book emphasises throughout is contains a Propagation glossary to help the importance of taking the width of a explain the terms used. This informative, well-illustrated book is plant into consideration when planning certainly “a must” on the bookshelf of ev- a garden. This section also contains a box How to use this book helps the reader ery gardener who is serious about having titled Plan your garden — don’t just let it to choose the best shrub for a specific indigenous plants in the garden. happen! that gives hints on the importance spot in their garden. It also gives a guide and techniques of planning. to frost areas, and reminds us to keep —Ronell R Klopper microclimates in mind. Furthermore, it National Herbarium The section titled How to plant and care explains how the information in the main National Botanical Institute for shrubs contains invaluable informa- section is represented, how size indica- Pretoria tion on pre-planting preparations, the tions are illustrated and includes a key for South Africa importance of deep watering to ensure the the symbols used to indicate the shape, development of a good deep root system, characteristics and growth requirements

SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 55 book review

Illustrated guide to the 2002 Compton wildflowers of northern Prize awarded South Africa to trio Gerrit Germishuizen & Brenda Clarke arranged in families. To help with identi- revious SABONET Project co-ordina- (2003) fication, short family descriptions for the Ptor at the National Botanical Institute Published by Briza Publications, Pretoria families occurring in the area are given at in Pretoria and a post-graduate student ISBN 1-875093-39-7 the beginning of the book. at the University of Pretoria, Dr. Stefan 224 pages Siebert, and his co-authors, Prof. Braam Information that is presented for each tax- van Wyk and Prof. George Bredenkamp, his pocket guide covers 90 families, on includes the scientific name, common both lecturers at the University of T330 genera, and 614 taxa of flowering name in English and Afrikaans (where Pretoria, are the recipients of the 2002 plants, succulents, and shrublets occur- available), symbols indicating the habitat Compton Prize. ring in Limpopo, North-West, Gauteng where the plant occurs (e.g. bushveld, and Mpumalanga. It also includes well- slopes, rocky places, etc.), a short descrip- The Compton Prize was awarded for known aliens and weeds to raise aware- tion, indication of height, flowering time their series of papers on the vegetation ness of the spread of these plants in our and distribution in the area. A full-colour ecology of Sekhukhuneland: Siebert, natural vegetation. illustration accompanies each taxon. S.J., Van Wyk, A.E. & Bredenkamp, G.J. 2002. South African Journal of Botany 68: The Introduction provides information The book ends with a Glossary that ex- 127–142, 475–496 & 497–517. about the rainfall zones, altitudinal range, plains botanical terms, a short Literature and biomes that occur in the area that the reference and further reading section, as Dr Siebert currently lectures in plant book deals with. In addition, there is a map well as two separate Indexes for scientific sciences at the University of Zululand in that divides the area into five parts and names and common names. KwaZulu-Natal. indicates the distribution of each taxon according to its occurrences in these zones. This book fills a gap in the field guide The editorial committee of the South Af- There is also a key to the habitat symbols literature for northern South Africa and rican Journal of Botany (SAJB) in the mid- used for each taxon. will be very valuable for people living in, 1980s instituted the Compton Prize for travelling to, and enjoying the vegetation the best paper to appear in a particular To ease identification, the taxa are ar- of the northern provinces. year. A panel of scientists assesses all the ranged according to flower colour. The papers and the outcome is announced major colour categories are white/cream, —Ronell R. Klopper at the formal Congress dinner of the pink, yellow/orange, blue, mauve/purple, National Herbarium South African Association of Botanists red, brown and green. The different National Botanical Institute every year. The Prize was named for groups are assembled in colour-coded Pretoria Professor R.H. Compton who was the sections. In each colour group, the taxa are South Africa second Director of the National Botanic Gardens of South Africa. Amongst other things he founded the Journal of South African Botany, one of the forerunners of the SAJB.

The botanical fraternity joins in con- gratulating Stefan, George, and Braam on this achievement. May it also serve to inspire our scientists to keep on sending some of their best work for publication in the SAJB.

—Gideon F. Smith, Ofﬁce of the Chief Director: Research and Scientiﬁc Services, National Botanical Institute, Private Bag X101, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa

56 SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 ThePaper Chase

he object of this column is to keep an eye open for literature which SABONET users South African Tmay find useful. This will mostly be new publications, but may well include older information in answer to questions such as “what’s the best key to …”. It is neither possible nor desirable that the flow of such information should be one-way, from Pretoria Association outwards, so would readers please feel free to submit notes and useful information to of Botanists the address at the end of this column. The citation of an item here does not imply any guarantee of its contents or even its thanks existence; very often the compiler has not seen the documents referred to. SABONET Mary Gunn Library: Theses ❚ Taxonomy of the genus Lycium L. (Solanaceae) in Africa. 2003. Andor Magaretha Venter. PhD Thesis, University of the Orange Freestate, Bloemfontein. Hardcover. 273 pages. n behalf of the South African As- Osociation of Botanists (SAAB), a ❚ Geochemistry of a pristine fynbos ecosystem in the Harold Porter National Botanical very hearty word of thanks to SABO- Gardens and Kogelberg Biosphere Reserve. 2002. A.K. Smith. MSc thesis. Department NET, in particular SABONET News, for of Geological Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town. Paperback. 93 pages. hosting Forum Botanicum for the past few years. ❚ Licuáti Forest Reserve, Mozambique: flora, utilization and conservation. 2003. Samira Aly Izidine. MSc thesis. Department of Botany, University of Pretoria, Pretoria. Hardcover. Soon after its launch, SABONET News, 108 pages. which is distributed to over 1 000 addresses across the world, very quickly Mary Gunn Library: New Books became the premier communication vehicle for matters botanical in southern ❚ Natural resources action: knowing and growing muthi. 2003. Nicci Diederichs, Myles Africa. Forum Botanicum, on the other Mander, Neil Crouch, Warren Spring, Steve McKean & Richard Symmonds. 2nd edition, hand, had experienced some problems 2nd impression. Institute of Natural Resources, Scottsville. Paperback. 49 pages. in attracting copy, and distributing the printed version of SAAB’s newsletter ❚ Mountain Flowers: a field guide to the flora of the Drakensberg and Lesotho. 2003. Elsa had become a financial burden to the Pooley. Flora Publications Trust, Durban. Paperback. 320 pages. ISBN: 0620302216. Association. ❚ Les botanistes et la flore de France trois siècles de découvertes. 2003. Benoît Dayrat. The fostering of closer links between California Acadamy of Sciences, San Francisco. Paperback. 690 pages. ISBN: SABONET News and Forum Botanicum 2856535488. therefore came as an opportunity to extend a lifeline to Forum Botanicum. ❚ The Lavender book. 2004. Margaret Roberts. Briza Publications, Pretoria. SABONET News will soon cease to ap- Paperback. 144 pages. ISBN: 1875093389. pear, therefore members of SAAB and Council need to rethink the future of Fo- ❚ The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of Brazil. rum Botanicum. In the meantime, thank Memoirs of the New York Botanical Gardens you SABONET, and all the best. vol. 87. 2003. S. Robbert Gradstein & Denise Pinheiro da Costa. New York Botanical —Gideon F. Smith, Office of the Chief Gardens, New York. Hardcover. 318 pages. Director: Research and Scientific ISBN: 0893274488. Services, National Botanical Institute, Private Bag X101, Pretoria, ❚ Illustrated handbook of succulent plants: 0001 South Africa Crassulaceae. Urs Eggli (ed.). 2003. Springer—Verlag, New York. Hardcover. 458 pages. ISBN: 3540419659.

❚ Easy guide to indigenous shrubs. 2003. Pitta Joffe. Briza Publications, Pretoria. Paperback. 128 pages. ISBN: 1875093400.

❚ Cactus and succulent plants. Status survey and conservation action plan. 1997. IUCN, UK. Paperback. 214 pages. ISBN: 28317—0390-5.

❚ Saving our threatened native animals and plants: recovery and threat abatement in action. 2003. National Parks and Wildlife Service, New South Wales. Paperback. 62 pages.

SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 57 ISBN: 0731366980. ❚ Wonderful waterwise gardening: a regional guide to indigenous gardening in ❚ Guide de la ﬂore des bords de mer de Guyane South Africa. 2000. Ernst van Jaarsveld. Francaise. 2003. George Cremers & Michel Hoff. Tafelberg, Cape Town. Hardcover. 144 Publications Scientifiques du Museum, Paris. pages. ISBN: 0624038408. Paperback. 214 pages. ISBN: 2709915332. ❚ Figs of southern & South-Central Africa. ❚ The TRIPS agreement, sustainable development 2003. Umdaus Press, Hatﬁeld. Hardcover. and the public interest: discussion paper. IUCN 379 pages. ISBN: 1919766243. Environmental Policy and Law Paper No. 4. 2001. IUCN, Switzerland. Paperback. 60 pages. ISBN: ❚ Codex Botanicus Linnaeaus. Volume 2831706041. 1.Regnum Vegatabile 140. 2003. Hermann E. Richter. A.R.G. Gartner-Verlag, ❚ Evaluating effectiveness: a framework for Lichtenstein. Hardcover. 1102 pages. addressing the management of protected areas. ISBN: 3906166031. Best practice protected area guidelines series No. 6. 2000. Marc Hockings, Sue Stolten & Nigel Dudley. ❚ Codex Botanicus Linnaeus. Volume 2: IUCN, Switzerland. Paperback. 121 pages. ISBN: alphabetical index to the Linnaean Botanical 2831705460. Codex of all its genera, species and synonyms. 2003. Wilhelm Ludwig ❚ Education and sustainability: responding to the Petermann, edited by John Edwardson. global challenge. 2002. Daniella Tilbury, Robert Hardcover. ISBN: 390616603. B. Stevenson, John Fien & Danie Schreuder. IUCN, Switzerland. Paperback. 202 pages. ISBN: ❚ Ulwazi Lwamazulu Ngezimila/Zulu 2831706238. Botanical Knowledge: an introduction. 2003. Mikhipheri A. Ngwenya, ❚ Checklist of CITES species. 2003. Tim Inskippe & Adrian Koopman, & Rosemary Harriet J. Gillett (eds). CITES Secretariat/UNEP Williams. National Botanical Institute, World Monitory Centre, Switzerland. Paperback. Durban. Paperback. 67 pages. ISBN: 339 pages. ISBN: 1899628231. 1919684409.

❚ Illustrated guide to the wildflowers of northern ❚ Gerhard Dreyer’s wild flowers. A South Africa. 2003. Gerrit Germishuizen. Briza visual celebration of South Africa’s Publications, Pretoria. Paperback. 224 pages. floral abundance. 2003. Ernst van ISBN: 1875093397. Jaarsveld. Sunbird Publishing, Cape Town. Hardcover. 80 pages. ISBN: ❚ Photographic guide to the wildflowers of 0624040798. South Africa. 2003.John Manning. Briza Publications, Pretoria. Paperback. 325 pages. ❚ Ecological information in Italy.2003. ISBN: 1875093427. C. Blasi (ed.). Tipolitografia CSR, Roma. Paperback. 200 pages (English/Italian ❚ Southern Africa Commiphora: a fieldguide. 2003. back-to-back). Marthinus Steyn. Published by the author, South Africa. Paperback. 92 pages. (also available in ❚ Diversity not adversity. Sustaining Afrikaans). livelihoods with biodiversity. 2001. International Institute for Environment ❚ Women and plants: gender relations in biodiversity and Development, and Department for management and conservation. 2003 Patricia L. International Development, London. Howard. Zed Books, London. Paperback. 298 Paperback. 58 pages. ISBN: 1899825681. pages. ISBN: 1842771574. ❚ Pilot analysis of Global Ecosystems: Coastal ❚ Wetland plants: biology and ecology. 2001. Lewis Ecosystems. 2001. Lauretta Burke, Yumiko Publishers, Boca Raton. Hardcover. 462 pages. Kura, Ken Kassiem, Carmen Revenga, ISBN: 1566703727. Mark Spalding & Don McAllister. World Resources Institute, Washington DC. ❚ Invasive plant species of the world: a reference Paperback. 94 pages. ISBN: 1569734585. guide to envi-ronmental weeds. 2003. Ewald Weber. CABI Publishing, UK. Hardcover. 548 pages. ISBN: 0851996957. ❚ Management of protected areas in the Mediterranean. 2003. Arturo López & Elena Correas. IUCN Centre for Mediterranean ❚ The sceptical environmentalist: measuring the real state of Cooperation, Malaga, Spain. Paperback. 151 pages. ISBN: the world. 2002. Bjørn Lemborg. Cambridge University Press, 283170734X. Cambridge. Paperback. 515 pages. ISBN: 0521010683. ❚ Biodiversity, sustainability, and human communities. Protecting ❚ Haworthia update: essays on Haworthia—Volume 1. 2002. Bruce beyond the protected. 2002. Tim O’Riordan & Suzanne Stoll- Bayer. Umdaus Press, Hatfield. Hardcover. 63 pages. ISBN: Kleeman. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Paperback. 1919766219. 317 pages. ISBN: 0521890527.

58 SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 ❚ Status survey and conservation action plan. 2003. E. Launert. A.A. Balkema Publishers, Cycads. 2003. John Donaldson (ed.). IUCN/SSC The Netherlands. Paperback. 16 pages. ISBN: Cycad Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland. 905804154. Paperback. 86 pages. ISBN: 2831706998. ❚ Flora of tropical east Africa: Woodsiaeceae. ❚ The wild african violet Saintpaulia (Gesneria- 2003. B. Verdcourt. A.A. Balkema Publishers, ceae). An interim guide. 2002. Colin Watkins, The Netherlands. Paperback. 26 pages. ISBN: Johanna Kolehmainen & Leif Schulman. 9058094154. Worldstage, Cambridge. Paperback. 52 pages. ISBN: 0954408101. ❚ Flora of tropical east Africa: Callitrichaceae. 2003. Inga Hedberg & Olav Hedberg. A.A. ❚ XVIIth AETFAT Congress, 21–26 September Balkema Publishers, The Netherlands. 2003. Abstracts. Sebsebe Demissew, Ensermu Paperback. 4 pages. ISBN: 905809412X Kelbessa & Sue Edwards. Addis Ababa University Press, Addis Ababa. Paperback. ❚ Flora of tropical east Africa: Glossary. 2003. 142 pages. Henk Beentje & Martin Cheek. A.A. Balkema Publishers, The Netherlands. Paperback. 116 ❚ A catalogue of alien plants in Ireland. Occasional pages. ISBN: 9058094111. Papers No. 14. 2002. Sylvia C.P. Reynolds. National Botanical Gardens, Glasnevin. ❚ Flora of Ecuador No. 71. Volume 200: Paperback. 414 pages. ISSN: 0792—0422. Alstroemeriaceae by Gunnar Harling & Lennert Anderson and Volume 201: Haemodoraceae by Paul J.M. Maas & Hiltje Maas. ❚ Tarweeds & silverswords. Evolution of the Madiinae (Asteraceae). 2003. University of Göteberg, Göteberg. Paperback. 118 pages. 2003. Sherwin Carlquist, Bruce G. Baldwin & Gerald D. Carr ISBN: 9188896439. (eds). Missouri Botanical Gardens Press, Missouri. Hardcover. 293 pages. ISBN: 1930723202. ❚ Flora of Ecuador No. 70. Volume 55A: Nymphaeaceae by Xavier Cornejo & Carmen Bonitaz and Volume 55B: Ceratophyllaceae by ❚ Plant cytogenetics. 2003. Ram J Singh. CRC Press, Boca Raton. Bertil Ståhl. 2003. University of Göteberg, Göteberg. Paperback. Hardcover. 463 pages. ISBN: 0849323886. 31 pages. ISBN: 9188896412.

❚ Introduction to conservation genetics. 2002. R. Frankham, J.D. Recently Published Papers Ballou & D.A. Briscoe. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Paperback. 617 pages. ISBN: 0521639859. Aloe 41(1) 2004

❚ Ecological climatology. Concepts and applications. 2002. Gordon ❚ The Global Strategy for Plant Conservation: implications for Bonan. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Paperback. 678 succulent plant conservation in southern Africa. C.K. Willis & pages. ISBN: 0521804760. G.F. Smith. Pages 6—15.

❚ The root causes of biodiversity loss. 2000. Alexander Wood, Pamela ❚ Aloe dichotoma Masson – establishment of a manmade quiver Stedman-Edwards & Johanna Mong (eds). Earthscan Publications tree forest. I.B. Oliver. Pages 19—21. Ltd, London. Paperback. 379 pages. ISBN: 1853836990. ❚ Notes on Brachystelma comptum N.E.Br., an endangered species Mary Gunn Library: New Parts of Floras from the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. T. Dold & J. Victor. Pages 22—23. ❚ Flora of Ethiopia & Eritrea. Volume 2, Part 1. Magnoliaceae to Flacourtiaceae. 2000. African Wildlife 57(4) Spring 2003 Sue Edwards, Mesfin Tadesse, Sebsebe Demissew & Inga Hedberg. The National ❚ Save the Wild Coast Campaign: — rare Herbarium, Biology Department, Addis plants found in path of proposed road. Ababa University and the Department of Page 37. Systematic Botany, Uppsala University, Addis Ababa and Uppsala. Paperback. 532 African Wildlife 58(1) Summer pages. ISBN: 919712852X. 2004

❚ Flora of tropical east Africa: Alliaceae. ❚ The Pondoland Toll Road. Editorial. Pages 2003. Sarah Smith & Johathan Stonsbie. 4—6. A.A. Balkema Publishers, The Netherlands. Paperback. 8 pages. ISBN: 9058094162. ❚ The Champion Trees Project. C. Kay. Page 26. ❚ Flora of tropical east Africa: Balanitaceae. 2003. Martin J.S. Sands. A.A. Balkema African Wildlife 58(2) Autumn Publishers, The Netherlands. Paperback. 14 2004 pages. ISBN: 9058094138. ❚ Taking track rehabilitation one step further. ❚ Flora of tropical east Africa: Marsileaceae. A. Burke. Pages 18—19.

SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 59 Alsterworthia International 4(1) March 2004 ❚ Combining population viability analysis with decision analysis. M. Drechsler & M.A. Burgman. Pages 115—139. ❚ A review of Flora Zambesiaca Vol. 12 Part 3. J.M.H.Shaw. Page 17. ❚ Model-based conservation decision aiding in the presence of goal conﬂicts and uncertainty. M. Drechsler. Pages 141—164. ❚ The Aloe littoralis complex in Botswana. B.J. Hargreaves. Pages META-X: generic software for metapopulation viability analysis. 18—21. V. Grimm, H. Lorek, J. Finke, F. Koester, M. Malachinski, M. Sonneschein, A. Moilanen, I. Starch, A. Singer, C. Wissel & K. Alsterworthia International 4(2) July 2004 Frank. Pages 165—188.

❚ Field observations on the genus Aloe (Alooideae, Asphodelaceae) ❚ Ecologically differentiated rules of thumb for habitat network in Northern KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa). L.G. Bulot. Pages design – lessons from a formula. K. Frank. Pages 189—206. 5—16. ❚ Predictors of species sensitivity to fragmentation. K. Henle, K.F. ❚ A new Haworthia from the Jansenville area. I. Breuer. Pages Davis, M. Kleyer, C. Margules & J. Settele. Pages 207—251. 16—18. ❚ Species survival in fragmented landscapes: whereto from here? American Journal of Botany 90(9) September B.A. Melbourne, K.F. Davis, C.R. Margules, D.B. Lindenmayer, 2003 D.A. Saunders, C.Wissel, K. Henle. Pages 275—284.

❚ Incongruence between cladistic and taxonomic systems. Biodiversity and Conservation 13(2) February 2004 V.Grant. Pages 1265—1270. ❚ Species delimitation and the partitioning of genetic diversity—an Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and example from Carex ﬂava complex (Cyperaceae). M. Hedrén. Systematics 34 2003 Pages 293—316.

❚ Performance comparisons of co-occurring nature and alien Biodiversity and Conservation 13(4) April 2004 invasive plants: implications for conservation and restoration. C.C. Daehler. Pages 183—211. ❚ The use of specimen information inﬂuences the outcomes of Red List assessments: the case of southern African plant specimens. ❚ Latitudinal gradients of biodiversity: pattern, process, scale, J.S. Golding. Pages 773—780. and synthesis. M.R. Willig, D.M. Kaufman & R.D. Stevens. Pages 273—309. ❚ Parataxomomy vs. taxonomy in biodiversity studies—pitfalls and applicability of ‘morphospecies’ sorting. F.-T. Krell. Pages ❚ Functional matrix: a conceptual framework for predicting plant 795—812 effects on ecosystem processes. V.T. Eviner & F.S. Chapin III. Pages 455—485. ❚ Bio-folio: applying portfolio theory to biodiversity. F.Figge. Pages 827-849. ❚ Effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity. L. Fahrig. Pages 487—515. Biodiversity and Conservation 13(8) July 2004

Asklepios 89 December 2003 ❚ Medicinal plants, conservation and livelihoods. A.C. Hamilton. Pages 1477-1517. ❚ Notes on the genus Brachystelma in Lesotho. T. Dold & K. Kobisi. Pages 3—7. ❚ Effects of habitat area, isolation, and landscape diversity on plant species richness of calcareous grasslands. J. Krauss, A.M. Klein, ❚ The “what is what” in Ceropegia—a preliminary checklist (part I. Steffan-Dewenter & T. Tscharntke. Pages 1427-1439. 1). D. De Kock. Pages 19—22. Botanical Gardens Conservation News 4(1) Australian Journal of Botany 51(5) December 2003

❚ Impacts of ecosystem fragmentation on plant populations: ❚ International agenda for botanic gardens in conservation. generalising the idiosyncratic. R.J. Hobbs & C.J. Yates. Pages Pages 2&3. 471—488. ❚ Progress during 2003 in the implementation of the Global Biodiversity and Conservation 13(1) January 2004 Strategy for Plant Conservation. S.Simiyu & P. Wyse Jackson. Pages 4&5. ❚ Special Issue: Species survival in fragmented landscapes: where to from now? ❚ Global Strategy for Plant Conservation: Target 8. P. Wyse Jackson, D.Gibbs & E.Dulloo. Pages 27—30. ❚ Species survival in fragmented landscapes: where are we now? K. Henle, D.B. Lindenmayer, C. R. Margules, D.A. Saunder & Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 143 (3) C.Wissel. Pages 1—8. November 2003

❚ The role of density regulation in extinction processes and ❚ Floristics of the Dunbar Valley serpentinite site, Songimvelo population viability analysis. K. Henle, S.Sare & K.Wiegond. Game Reserve, South Africa. K. Changwe & K. Balkwill. Pages Pages 9—52. 271—285.

60 SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 Botanical Journal of the Linnean and Tanzania. D. Ellis. Pages 207–213. Society 144(1) January 2004 Cactus and Succulent Journal ❚ Phylogeny of the Afro-Madagascan Aristea Vol. 75(6) November–December (Iridaceae) revisited in the light of new data on 2003 pollen morphology. P. Goldblatt, A. le Thomas & M Suârez-Cervera. Pages 41—68. ❚ Bulbine alveolata. S.A. Hammer sp. nov. (Asphodelaceae). A new dwarf Bulbine The Botanical Review 69(3) July- from the Northern Cape. S. Hammer. Pages September 2003 251–253.

❚ Optimization theory in plant evolution: an Cactus and Succulent Journal overview of long-term evolutionary prospects Vol. 76(1) January– February in the Angiosperms. A.C. Allem. Pages 225— 2004. 251. ❚ Three recently described Conophytum The Botanics 15 Winter 2003 species. P. Pavella. Page 29.

❚ Global gardeners. A. Levin. Pages 4—5. This ❚ Under discussion: Adromischus. F. article looks at cultivation of threatened plants Dortort. Pages 38–42. outside their natural habitats. Conservation Biology 17(3) Bradleya 22 (2004) June 2003

❚ Agave hurteri Trelease (Agavaceae): the ❚ Computers in the classroom: how perfect landscaping plant for large gardens. information technology can improve G.F. Smith & E.M.A. Steyn. Pages 9-14. conservation education. C. Brewer. Pages 657–660. ❚ Adaptations and phytogeography in the Ice-Plant family (Aizoaceae)—the interaction ❚ Rare species and the use of indicator of the genetic equipment and ecological groups for conservation planning. J.J. parameters. 1. One leaf-pair is the plant. Lawler, D. White, J.C. Sifneos & L.L. H.E.K. Hartmann. Pages 21–36. Master. Pages 875–882.

British Cactus and Succulent Conservation Biology 17(5) Journal 22(1) March 2004 October 2003

❚ Sansevieria ballyi—a name at last for a long- ❚ Using the IUCN Red List Criteria to cultivated plant. L.E. Newton. Pages 10–13. access species with declining populations. S.Butchart. Pages 1200–1201. ❚ Bulbs: Bulletin of the International Bulb Society 5(1) January –June 2003 ❚ Training and education for tropical conservation. K. Bonine, J. Reid & R. Dalzen. Pages 1209–1218. ❚ Lachenalia valeriae—an exciting new species from Namaqualand, South Africa. G.Duncan. Pages 3–4. ❚ Growth, conservation and the necessity of new alliances. D.M. Johns. Pages 1229–1237. ❚ The interesting forms of Haemanthus in the Eastern Cape. C. McMaster & R. McMaster. Pages 17–19 ❚ Ranking hotspots of varying sizes: a lesson from the nonlinearity of the species-area relationship. O.Ovadia. Pages 1440–1441. ❚ Crocosmia—a brief history. D. Fenwick. Pages 20–23. ❚ Biodiversity: where’s hot and where’s not. N. Brummitt & E.N. Cactus and Succulent Journal 75(4) July-August Lughadha. Pages 1442–1448. 2003 ❚ Impact and Acceptance of the hotspots strategy: response ❚ Searching for stapeliads in Ethiopia and Eritrea—Part 2. D. to Ovadia (pg 1440) and to Brummitt and Lughadha (pg 1442). Plowes. Pages 162–168. Pages 1449–1450.

Cactus and Succulent Journal 75(5) (Sept.-Oct. ❚ Is it acceptable to let a species go instinct in a National Park? J. 2003) Berger. Pages 1451–1454.

❚ Succulents on the rise – the unexpected consequences of ❚ Technological progress and biodiversity conservation: a dollar human activity in northwestern Sekhukhuneland. C.Craib. Pages spent, a dollar buried. B. Czech. Pages 1455–1457. 190–193. ❚ The faulty three-legged-stool model of sustainable development. ❚ Walking amongst the baobab trees—Adansonia digitata in Kenya N.K. Dave & K.L. Ryan. Pages 1458–1460.

SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 61 Conservation Biology 17(6) Diversity and Distributions 10(3) December 2003 May 2004

❚ Scale dependency of rarity, extinction ❚ Management strategies for plant invasions: risk and conservation priority. S. Hartley manipulating productivity, disturbance, and & W.E. Kunin. Pages 1559–1570. competition. M.A. Huston. Pages 167–178.

Conservation Biology 18(2) ❚ Predicting and explaining plant invasions April 2004 through analysis of source area floras: some critical considerations. P. Pyšek, ❚ The treat of transformation: quantifying D.M. Richardson and M.Williamson. Pages the vulnerability of grasslands in South 179–187. Africa. K.S. Neke & M.A. Du Plessis. Pages 466–477. Ecological Monographs 73(4) November 2003 Conservation Biology 18(3) June 2004 ❚ Natural disturbances and directional re- placement of species. W.J. Platt & J.H.Connell. ❚ Indigenous peoples and protected areas Pages 507–522. at the World Parks Congress. J.P. Brosius. Pages 609–612. ❚ Grassland responses to three years of

elevated temperature, CO2, precipitation, and ❚ Protected areas and species. T.M. nitrogen deposition. Pages 585–604. Brooks, G.A.B. da Fanseca & A.S.L. Rodrigues. Pages 616–618. Economic Botany 57(1) 2003

❚ Reﬂections of a scientist on the World ❚ Towards sustainable use of palm leaves by Parks Congress. J. Terborgh. Pages a rural community in KwaZulu-Natal, South 619–620. Africa. S.G.McKean. Pages 65–72.

❚ Rethinking community-based conser- ❚ Pharmaceutical discoveries based on vation. F. Berkes. Pages 621–630. ethnomedicinal plants: 1985-2000 and beyond. W.H. Lewis. Pages 126–134. ❚ Social capital in biodiversity conservation & management. J. Pretty & D.Smith Pages Economic Botany 57(2) 2003 631–638. ❚ Informant-based valuation of use and Curtis’s Botanical Magazine conservation preferences of savanna trees 20(4) November 2003 in Burkina Faso. M.Kristensen & A.M. Lykke. Pages 203–212. This part is devoted to southern Africa and contains articles looking at the history, taxonomy, distribution Edinburgh Journal of Botany 60(2) 2003 and description of the following species. ❚ Cyrtanthus guthrieae—G. Duncan. Pages 190–195 ❚ A new section of Begonia (Begoniaceae) from west central Africa. ❚ Ammocharis nerinoides—G. Duncan. Pages 196–201 J.J.F.E. De Wilde & V. Plana. Pages 121-130. ❚ Lachenalia peersii—G. Duncan. Pages 202–207 ❚ Lachenalia salteri—G. Duncan. Pages 208–212 Edinburgh Journal of Botany 60(3) ❚ Cyrtorchis crassifolia—I. De Croix. Pages 213–218 ❚ Hoodia pilifera subsp. pillansii—R.H. Archer & J.E. Victor. Pages ❚ Ontogeny of the fruits of two anomalous African woody 219–224 genera, Polemanniopsis & Steganotaenia (Apiaceae), and their Francis Masson: collecting plants for King and Country. A.C. phylogenetic relationship. M.L. Liu, B.E. van Wyk & P.M. Tilney. Saltmarsh. Pages 225–244. Pages 249–257. Endangered Geophytes of the Cape Floral Kingdom. G. Dunia. Pages 245–250. ❚ Two new species of Osteospermum (Compositae—Calenduleae) from southwestern Cape Province, South Africa. B. Nordenstam. Diversity and Distributions 10(2) March 2004 Pages 259–265.

❚ Place prioritization for biodiversity conservation using ❚ A new species of Streptocarpus (Gesneriaceae) from the probabilistic surrogate distribution data. S. Sarkar, C. Pappas, J. Pondoland coast, South Africa. D.U. Bellstedt & T.J. Edwards. Garson, A. Aggarwal & S. Cameron. Pages 125–133. Pages 409–414.

❚ A neutral terminology to deﬁne ‘invasive’ species. R. J. Colautti ❚ A revised generic synopsis of Hyacinthaceae in sub-Saharan & H.J. MacIsaac. Pages 135–141. Africa, based on molecular evidence, including new combinations and the new tribe Pseudoprospereae. J.C. Manning, P. Boldblatt ❚ A parametric diversity measure combining the relative & M.F.Fay. Pages 533–568. abundances and taxonomic distinctiveness of species. C. Ricotta. Pages 143–146. ❚ The Flora of the Drakensberg Alpine Centre. C. Carbutt & T.J.

62 SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 Edwards. Pages 581–607. Farmer’s Weekly 13 February 2004

Evolution 57 (10) 2003 ❚ Better management of natural vegetation. Short article on Standards South Africa’s ❚ Models of speciation: what have we learned SANS 10380, which provides a standard for in 40 years? S. Gavrilets. Pages 2197–2215. comparative analysis of natural vegetation. Page 21. Encephalartos 76 December 2003 Farmer’s Weekly 20 February 2004 ❚ Notes on the cycads of Mozambique. P. Capela, P. Chasset & R. Osborne. Pages ❚ Unravelling the secrets of the Succulent 13–17. Karoo. R. Bezuidenhout & P. Borgoyne. Page 38. Evolution 57(9) September 2003 Farmer’s Weekly 19 March 2004 ❚ Contrasting flowering phenology and species richness in abiotically and biotically ❚ A blooming market for cultivated aloes. pollinated angiosperms. K.Bolmgren, O. J.Nofal. Pages 32–33. Eriksson & H.P. Linder. Pages 2001–2011. Farmer’s Weekly 16 April 2004 Evolution 57(12) December 2003 ❚ Hungry conservancy may swallow historical farmland. Turning ❚ Contrasting patterns of radiation in African and Australian the Baviaanskloof Wilderness Area into a megareserve. R. Restionaceae. H.P. Linder, P. Eldenäs & B.G. Briggs. Pages Bezuidenhout. Pages 42–43. 2688–2702. Farmer’s Weekly 23 April 2004 Excelsa 20 ❚ New ways to bridge farming and conservation. R. Bezuidenhout. ❚ An examination of Stapeliopsis Pillans, Pectinaria Haw., and Pages 42 & 43. This article discusses Stewardship Programmes. Ophionella Bruyns: Ceropegieae (Asclepiadoideae). D.C.H. Plower. Pages 1–20. Farmer’s Weekly 18 June 2004

❚ The rediscovery of the extremely obscure, rare Aloe ﬁmbrialis ❚ Eastern Cape Farmers called to create living landscapes. R. S. Carter. G. Williamson. Pages 21-25. Bezuidenhout. Pages 38–39.

❚ Notes on Anacampseros retusa Poelln. (Portulacaceae) with ❚ This article looks at the Land-Use and Livelihoods Project descriptions of 2 new forms and one subspecies. G Williamson. forming part of the implementation phase of the STEP project. Pages 26-32. Folia Geobotanica 38(3) 2003 ❚ Some common fungi in Zimbabwe. C. Sharp. Pages 37-42. Botanising in the Chimanimanis and elsewhere. D.C. Munch. ❚ BIOPOP—A database of plant traits and Internet application Pages 43–46. for nature conservation. P. Poschlod, M. Kleyer, A-K. Jackel, A. Dannemann and O. Tackenberg. Pages 263–271. ❚ A list of epiphytic orchids of Zimbabwe. M.J. Kimberley. Pages 49–52. Global Ecology and Biogeography 13(2) March 2004 ❚ The Richtersveld, a botanical treat in a unique landscape. G. Williamson. Pages 65–68. ❚ Scale and trends in species richness: considerations for monitoring biological diversity for political purposes. D.Weber, ❚ Notes on the Genus Stathmostelma. M. J. Kimberley. Pages U.Hintermann & A.Zangger. Pages 97–104. 69–70. Haseltonia 9 ❚ Aloes of the world for the layman and enthusiast. D.J. Richards. Pages 71–84. ❚ Guest Editorial: Plants, money and research. C.H. Uhl. Pages 2–4 ❚ Miniature aloes in Zimbabwe. M.J. Kimberley. Pages 53–61. ❚ Ectotropis N.E.RR – Lost, found and fragile. S. Hammer & T. Farmer’s Weekly 7 November 2003 Dold. Pages

❚ Keeping the landscape alive. G. Rogers. Page 36. This article ❚ A new species of Aloe on the Ethiopian –Sudan Border. L.E. looks at the Subtropical Thicket Ecosystem Planning project Newton. Pages 14-16. (STEP). Herbertia 57 2002-2003 Farmer’s Weekly 21 November 2003 ❚ A remarkable new discovery in Clivia. D. Snijman. Pages ❚ The benign devil. Commercial farming of devils claw, 35–40. Harpagophyta procumbens. Pages 30 & 31.

SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 63 ❚ A new Crinum species (Amaryllidaceae) from Zambia. D.L. ❚ A revision of Astephanus (Apocynaceae). P.V. Bruyns. Pages Lehmiller. Pages 71–76. 867–887.

❚ A new genus related to Tulbaghia from seepage areas on the ❚ Kupeaeae, a new tribe of Triuridaceae from Africa. M. Cheek. summit of the Leolo Mountains in Sekhukhuneland, South Africa. Pages 939–949 C. Craib & S. Siebert. Pages 87–92. Kirkia—Zimbabwean Journal of Botany 18 (1) Journal of Biogeography 30(10) October 2003 2002

❚ Evidence for indigenous selection and distribution of the shea ❚ Colchicaceae in Zimbabwe. A. Maroyi. Pages 1–10 tree, Vitellaria paradoxa, and its potential signiﬁcance to prevailing parkland savanna tree patterns in sub-Saharan Africa north of ❚ Edward Robinson’s contribution to Zambian botany. M.G. the equator. S. Maranz & Z. Wiesman. Pages Bingham. Pages 11–15. 1505–1516. ❚ Chipya in Zimbabwe: a review. P.P.Smith Journal of Biogeography 31(2) & C.G. Trapnell. Pages 16–34. February 2004 ❚ Traditional Ila plant remedies from ❚ The mismeasure of islands: implications for Zambia. D.G. Fowler. Pages 35–48. biogeographical theory and the conservation of nature. H.S. Walter. Pages 177–197. ❚ A preliminary checklist of plants from the Mazowe Botanic Reserve, Zimbabwe. Z. Journal of Biogeography 31(3) Tsvuura & E. Nyamhanga. Pages 49–62. March 2004 ❚ Alliaceae of the Flora Zambesiaca area. S. ❚ What biogeography is: a place for process. Kativu. Pages 72–76. R.M. McDowall. Pages 345–351. ❚ A preliminary checklist of vascular plants Journal of Biogeography 31(5) from the Tuli-Lower Umzingwane area, May 2004 southern Zimbabwe. J.R. Timberlake, R.B. Drummond, R.N. Cunliffe, I. Mapaure, M.A. ❚ From plains to inselbergs: species in special Hyde and A. Ellert. Pages 83–110. habitats as indicators for climate change. A. Burke. Pages 831–841. ❚ Endemic plant species of Zimbabwe. A. Mapaura. Pages 117–148. Journal of Biogeography 31(6) June 2004 Koedoe 46(2) 2003 ❚ A new land-cover map of Africa for the year 2000. P. Mayaux, E. Bartholomé, S. Fritz & A. Belward. Pages 861–887. ❚ Plant communities of the Ebenhaezer section of the Mountain Zebra National Park. J. De Klerk, L.R. Brown & H. Bezuidenhout. ❚ Holocene vegetation change and the mammal faunas of South Pages 9–20. America and Africa. M. de Vivo & A.P. Carmignotto. Pages 943–957. ❚ A revised list of alien plants for the Kruger National Park. L.C. Foxcroft, L. Henderson, G.R. Nichols & B.W. Martin. Pages ❚ Expansion of human settlement in Kenya’s Maasai Mara: what 21–44. future for pastoralism and wildlife? R.H. Lamprey & R.S. Reid. Pages 997–1032. ❚ Analysis of the riparian vegetation (Ia land type) of the proposed Vhembe-Dongola National Park, Limpopo Province, South Journal of East African Natural History 91(1&2) Africa. A.R. Götze, S.S. Cilliers, H. Bezuidenhout & K. Kellner. Pages 45–64 ❚ Islands in the desert – forest vegetation of Kenya’s smaller mountains and highland areas (Nyiru, Ndoto, Kulal, Marsabit, Koedoe 47(1) 2004 Loroghi, Ndare, Mukogodo, Porror, Mathews, Gakoe, Imenti, Ngaia, Nyambeni, Loita, Nguruman, Nairobi). R.W. Bussmann. ❚ The vegetation of Tshanini Game Reserve and a comparison Pages 27–79. with equivalent units in the Tembe Elephant Park in Maputaland, South Africa. J.Y. Gaugris, W.S. Mattews, M.W. van Rooyen & J. Kew Bulletin 58(3) 2003 du P. Bothman. Pages 9–29.

❚ A new species of Styppeiochloa De Winter (Poaceae) from ❚ Impact of harvesting and ﬁre on Phragmites australis reed Angola. T.A. Cope & B. Ryves. Pages 739–741. quality in Tembe Elephant Park, Maputaland. M.W. Van Rooyen, C.A. Tosh, N. Van Rooyen, W.S. Matthews & M.J.S. Kellerman. Kew Bulletin 58(4) 2003 Pages 31–40.

❚ A taxonomic revision of the Gymnosporia mossambicensis ❚ Macro-channel riparian vegetation of the Olifants River System group (Celastraceae: Celastroideae). M. Jordaan & A.E. van Wyk. in the Grassland Biome, Mpumalanga. W.J. Myburgh & G.J. Pages 833–866. Bredenkamp. Pages 41–54.

64 SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 ❚ Macroecology and the hierarchial expansion of evolutionary ❚ Exploring the Mpumalanga Escarpment, D. Styles. Pages theory. J.A.F. Diniz-Filho. Pages 1–5. 33–37.

❚ Local and regional abundance of exotic plant species on ❚ Distinguishing between Ledebouria, Drimiopsis and Resnova. Mediterranean islands. Are species traits important? F. Lloret, F. A. Hankey. Pages 38–39. Médail, G. Brundu, P.E. Hulme. Pages 37–53. ❚ The spikethorns (Gymnosporia) in southern Africa. Part 2: Measuring ﬂoristic homogenization by non-native plants in North Sections Pubescens, Polyacantha, Capitata and Tenuispina. M. America. M.L. McKinney. Pages 47–53. Jordaan. Pages 40–46.

Namibian Scientiﬁc Society Journal 51 2003 ❚ Vegetation of the Inkwazi Game Reserve, Southern Mozambique. M. Lötter, J. Burrows, S. Burrows, L. Lofﬂer, J. Grobler & F. ❚ Effect of groundwater extraction on the vegetation in the Bronkhorst. Pages 46–52. Khan River at Rössing Uranium Mine, Namibia. S. Müller. Pages 17–31. Plant Talk No. 34 October – December 2003

❚ Vegetation types of the Brukkaros Mountain – a hideout for ❚ What of the ecologist within? Red Lists, red herrings and the some winter-rain related species and range resources? A. Burke. taxonomic impediment. M. Mattson. Pages 4 & 5. Pages 97–113. ❚ On Red Lists and the IUCN. D. Given (Chair of the IUCN/SSC New Scientist 11 October 2003 Plant Conservation Committee). Page 6

❚ How the species became. I.Stewart. Pages 32–35. ❚ Park Congress stretches out to new audience. Pages 12 & 13. Feedback from the World Parks Congress in Durban, South New Scientist 28 February 2004 Africa.

❚ Native medicines—who should proﬁt? S. Leahy. Page 15. ❚ Yunnan— Ethnobotany in the service of conservation. M. Walters & H. Huabin. Pages 19–23. New Scientist 26 June 2004 ❚ Planning for plants. The New England Plant Conservation and ❚ Flower Power. P. Hunter. Pages 28–31. This article looks at Research Plan Project. E. Farnsworth. Pages 24–28. how plants derive energy from sunlight by splitting water molecules. Plant Talk 35 January-March 2004

❚ One rate to rule them all. J.Brown & G.West. Pages38–41. This ❚ Disa barbata. Article on one of South Africa’s most threatened article investigates the universal laws for ecology. orchids. B.Bytebier. Pages 32–33.

Nomadic Peoples NS (2003) 7(1) ❚ Climate change and plant conservation. Plant conservation strategies need to anticipate climate change. A.J. Miller-Rushing Special issue on mobile peoples and conservation & R.B. Primack. Pages 34–38. ❚ Mobile peoples and conservation: an introduction. D. Chatty. Pages 5–16. Plant Talk 36 May 2004 ❚ The nature of biodiversity protection. J.A. McNeely. Pages 20–32. ❚ The Global Strategy for Plant Conservation: how is it working? ❚ Indigenous peoples and protected areas: rights, principles and J.Smart. Page 3. practice. M. Colchester. Pages 33–51. ❚ Disequilibrial ecosystems and livelihood diversiﬁcation among ❚ Could plants detect landmines? J. Akeroyd. Page 14. the Maasai of Northern Tanzania: implications for conservation policy in Eastern Africa. J. T. McCabe. Pages 74–91. ❚ A fertility clinic for flora. P. Bernhardt & R. Edens. Pages ❚ Integrating conservation and development: a Namibian case 26–31. study. M. Jacobsohn & G. Owen-Smith. Pages Plant Science Bulletin 49 (4) PlantLife 29 October 2003 ❚ An opinion: down with alphabetically arranged herbaria (and ❚ The Delosperma species of central southern Africa – a call to alphabetically arranged ﬂoras too for that matter). V.A. Funk. collectors. P.M. Burgoyne. Pages 8–14. Pages 131–133.

❚ Notes on Acacia dyeri—a new species from the Eastern Cape Plos Biology 1(2) November 2003 Province. J. Hurter. Pages 21–22. ❚ Biodiversity conservation demands open access. G. Fonseca & ❚ Discovery of Metarungia pubinervia in South Africa. D. Styles. P.J. Benson. Pages 163–165. Pages 23–27. Portugaliae Acta Biologica 20(1-4) 2002 ❚ The genera Canthium, Keetia and Psydrax (Rubiaceae) in South Africa. Part 3: How to recognise the South African species of ❚ A new model for species status assessment. N.G. Hodgetts. Keetia and Psydrax. P.M. Tilney. Pages 28–32. Pages 3–9.

SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 65 ❚ How to evaluate taxa with poorly known South Africa. J.E. Victor & A.P. Dold. Pages taxonomy. J. Vána. Pages 25–26 437–446.

❚ How to evaluate species when distribution ❚ Species-area curves based on relevé data for the is poorly understood: The use of predictive Cape Floristic Region. S. Proches, R.M. Cowling studies for Iberian Bryophytes. C. Sérigo & L. Mucina. Pages 464–476. and D.Draper. Pages 37–48. ❚ Age interpretation of the Wonderkrater spring ❚ Red listing of species with different life sediments and vegetation change in the Savanna history strategies. L. Söderström. Pages Biome, Limpopo Province, South Africa. L. Scott, 49-55. K. Holmgren, A.S. Talma, S. Woodbourne & J.C. This paper looks at bryophytes. Vogel. Pages 474–476.

Roots 1(1) April 2004 South African Journal of Science 99(11/12) November/December 2004 ❚ Tourism in botanic gardens. J. Willison Pages 2–4. ❚ A horticultural history of Lachenalia (Hyacinthaceae). O.M. Grace & J. van Staden. ❚ ‘Geotourists” the next big thing for Pages 526–531. botanic gardens? R.Benfield Pages 5–8. South African Journal of Science ❚ A win-win situation? Sustainable tourism 100(1/2) January/February 2004 and botanic gardens. S. Minter. Pages 12–15. ❚ Recent research on alien plants invasions and their management in South Africa: a ❚ Changing perceptions through ecotours. review of the inaugural research symposium R.Worsmann & K. Gray Pages 16–19. of the Working for Water programme. I.A.W. MacDonald. Pages 21–26. ❚ Tourism for survival J. Leach Pages 20–22. ❚ Invasive alien plants and water resources in South Africa: currrent understanding, ❚ Encounters with Kenyan succulents. Abel predictive ability and research challenges. Barasa Atiti. Pages 23–24. A.H.M. Görgens & B.W. van Wilgen. Pages 27–33. ❚ Attracting ‘green’ tourists to your garden. S. Kneebone. Pages 25–27. ❚ Water use by black wattle (Acacia mearnsii): implications for the link between removal Scientific American December of invading trees and catchment streamflow 2003 response. P. Dye & C. Jarmin. Pages 40–44. ❚ Refining Green Gold: How bioprospecting could be made to work. D. Labrador. Pages 17–18. ❚ Invasive alien plants in South Africa: how well do we understand the ecological impacts. D.M. Richardson & B.W. van Wilgen. Scientific American January 2004 Pages 45–52.

❚ Spring Forward: As temperatures rise sooner in spring, ❚ A proposed classiﬁcation of invasive alien plant species in South interdependent species in many ecosystems are shifting Africa: towards prioritising species and areas for management dangerously out of sync. D. Grossman. Pages 75–81. action. J.L. Nel, D.M. Richardson, M.Rouget, T.N. Mgidi, N. Mdzeke, D.C. Le Maitre, B.W. van Wilgen, L. Schonegevel, L. ❚ Defusing the global warming time bomb. J.Hansen. Pages Henderson & S. Neser. Pages 53–64. 40–49. ❚ Grasses as invasive alien plants in South Africa. S.J. Milton. South African Journal of Science 99(7/8) July/ Pages 69–75. August 2003 ❚ A rapid assessment of the invasive status of Eucalyptus spp. ❚ SABONET’s support, activities and achievements in southern in two South African provinces. G.G. Forsyth, D.M. Richardson, Africa. S.J. Siebert & G.F. Smith. Pages 303 & 304. P.J.Brown & B.W. van Wilgen. Pages 75–77.

❚ Specialized pollination systems in southern Africa. S.D. Johnson ❚ Quantifying threats to biodiversity from invasive alien plants & K.E. Steiner. Pages 345–348. and other factors: a case study from the Cape Floristic Region. A.M. Latimer, J.A. Silander Jr., A.E. Gelfond, A.G. Rebelo & D.M. South African Journal of Science 99(9/10) Richardson. Pages 81–86. September /October 2003 ❚ The role of resource economics in the control of invasive alien ❚ The good, the bad, and the ugly. Pages 402–403. Article plants in South Africa. J. Turpie. Pages 87–93. investigating misconduct in science and how to deal with it. ❚ The clearing of invasive alien plants in South Africa: a preliminary ❚ Threatened plants of the Albany Centre of Floristic Endemism, assessment of costs and progress. C. Marais, B.W. van Wilgen &

66 SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 D. Stevens. Pages 97–103. Matcham & J.G. Duckett. Pages 5–10.

❚ Alien plant invasions in South Africa: Veld & Flora December 2003 driving forces and the human dimension. D.C. Le Maitre, D.M. Richardson & R.A. ❚ Working together for the ﬂora of the Eastern Chapman. Pages 103–112. Cape. C. Bredenkamp & T. Manamela. Pages 138–139. South African Journal of Science 100(3/4) March/April 2004 ❚ Rhodohypoxis. Carpets of alpine jewels. G. Duncan. Pages 140–144. ❚ The Orange List: a safety net for biodiversity in South Africa. J.E. Victor & ❚ The cost of culture. The role of natural M. Keith. Pages 139–140. resources in maintaining Xhosa customs in the Eastern Cape. M. Cocks, T. Dold & F. Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses Wiersum. Pages 146–149. 33(2) ❚ The plight of Aloe pillonsii. Investigating the ❚ Introduction to phylogeny and systematics startling decline of the bastard quiver trees of ﬂowering plants. K. Bremer, B. Bremer of the Richtersveld. E. Powell, H. Hendriks, & M. Thulin. Pages 7–102. B. Clark, L. Pretorius & J. Roderick. Pages 150–151. Systematic Botany 28(4) October – December 2003 ❚ Climbing cliffs in the Kaokoveld. Botanical exploration in ❚ Ecological speciation: lessons from invasive species. D.A.Levin. northern Namibia. E. van Jaarsveld & W. Voigt. Pages 152–155. Pages 643–650. Veld & Flora March 2004 Taxon 52 August 2003 ❚ Needles and pins: an exciting discovery of a new pollination system ❚ How many species of seed plants are there? in the ribbon pincushion, Leucospermum – a response. R. Govaerts. Pages 583 & 584. tottum. J. Manning. Pages 10–12.

Taxon 52(4) November 2003 ❚ Yesterday, today and tomorrow. The story of the Haenertsburg grassland of Limpopo. ❚ The conundrum in plant systematics. R.J. C.Dzerefos. Pages 18–19. Jensen. Pages 663–671. ❚ Cyrtanthus macmasteri. C. McMaster. Pages ❚ Generalist ﬂowers, biodiversity & ﬂorivory: 20–23. Paper on the discovery of another implications for angiosperm origins. D. species of Cyrtanthus in the Eastern Cape, Frame. Pages 681–685. South Africa.

Taxon 53 February 2004 ❚ Cyrtanthus galpinii. Will changing land-use patterns affect the populations of the dainty ❚ Lessons learned from the SABONET Project fire lily, Cyranthus galpinii in Mpumalanga. while building capacity to document the C.Craib. Pages 24–25. botanical diversity of southern Africa. S.J. Siebert & G.F. Smith. Pages 119–126. ❚ Palmiet: Prionium serratum, a Cape river plant. C.Boucher & M.Withers. Pages 26–28. ❚ Alien plants in checklists and floras: towards better communication between taxonomists ❚ Plants in space. Spatial information and the and ecologists. P. Pyšek, D.M. Richardson, M. Rejmánek, G.L. study of plants in South Africa. L.Powrie. Pages 29-31. Webster, M.Williamson and J. Kirscher. Pages 131–143. Veld & Flora June 2004 ❚ Linnaean nomenclature in the 21st Centuary: a report from a workshop on integrating traditional nomenclature and ❚ Conservation stewardship. A new approach to conservation on phylogenetic classification. T.M. Barkley, P. DePriest, V. Funk, private land. S.Winter. Pages 46–47. R.W. Kiger, W.J. Kress. Pages 131–143. ❚ The Custodians for Rare and Endangered Wild Flowers ❚ A review on the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature Programme. D. Raimondo. Page 50. with respect to its compatibility with phylogenetic classification. T.M. Barkly, P. DePriest, V. Funk, R.W. Kiger, W.J. Kress, J. McNeill, ❚ The last two spiderheads. The re-discovery of Serruria furcellata. G. Moore, D.H. Nicolson, D.W. Stevenson & Q.D. Wheeler. Pages Page 51. 159–161. ❚ Stone walls and stock farmers. Yellow arums (Zantedeschia Tropical Bryology 24 2003 juncunda) and people. C. Craib. Pages 52–53.

❚ Two mosses new to the Republic of South Africa and the moss ❚ The Kaoko and Ruacana petalidiums. E. van Jaarsveld. Pages Nekera valentiniona Besch. New to the Kingdom of Lesotho. H.W. 60–61.

SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 67 ❚ The new Kirstenbosch Bulb Terrace. G. ❚ Nerine huttoniae up the creek? New ❚ Five-biome city. A conservation plan Duncan. Pages 62–65. populations of this rare endemic nerine for the people and other creatures of discovered in the upper reaches of the Fish Nelson Mandela Bay. W. Stewart & J. ❚ The Renosterveld Restoration Project. River and its tributaries in the Cradock Wood. Pages 72–73. Understanding and restoring West district. C. & R McMaster. Page 71. Coast renosterveld. C.B. Krug. Pages —Yolande Steenkamp & Tammy Smith 68–70. [email protected] [email protected]

News from the Regional Ofﬁce FAREWELLS FROM SABONET STAFF

Life after SABONET in May 2003, to start as a full-time lecturer World Heritage Site. Also to its north are in Terrestrial Plant Ecology/Taxonomy in popular game parks such as Umfolozi, tefan Siebert took up the position as the Department of Botany, University of Hluhluwe, Mkuze, Ndumo, and Tembe. It SSABONET Regional Co-ordinator Zululand (UNIZUL). He felt that this move, is situated in an area with numerous his- (as a National Botanical Institute contract over the next five to ten years, offered an torical landmarks and monuments, which worker) in 2000 after completing the larger excellent opportunity to build on the work commemorate the rise of the Zulu Empire part of a doctoral thesis. When he started, of others in the Maputaland region, and and the culture of its people. Botanically, he soon realised that he had to sink, or to create a solid foundation for scientific the area is rich in important and interest- swim. The period since December 2000 training and future development of young ing forests such as Ngoye, Nkandla, and probably became one of the busiest in botanists in KwaZulu-Natal. To quote the Dlinza. It is also an area of rapid economic the history of the Project, with 11 training mission statement of UNIZUL: “We are development and has become one of the courses, three workshops, four Steering committed to provide tertiary education hubs of the province because of the large Committee meetings, a regional expedi- and to pursue knowledge, which serves harbour at Richards Bay. tion to Mozambique, an UNDP Mid-term the needs of the country in general and Review, and three Log-frame Revision and those of its surrounding communities in The University itself is a proud institution Budget Allocation meetings organised and particular”. that has taught thousands of students implemented. All of this occurred in just since its founding in 1970. Today, because 24 months! On average, this means the Stefan obtained his degrees from the Uni- of government vision and support, UNI- Regional Office had one major activity versity of Pretoria, which he pursued after ZUL is designated to become the only to plan, co-ordinate, and complete every a brief stint as an officer in the South Af- institution of higher learning north of the month. In addition, the Regional Office rican Defence Force in 1993. His first job, Tugela River in KwaZulu-Natal and will produced seven editions of the SABONET as Co-ordinator of SABONET, was also in become a first choice for students from newsletter and facilitated the preparation Pretoria. After nine years in Pretoria, the that region. Currently, approximately and publication of seven numbers in the time had definitely come to move on and 7 500 students are enrolled at UNIZUL and SABONET Report Series. Those two years to look for those new horizons (the time in about 720 staff members are in its service. also saw, for the first time, the implementa- Pretoria was the longest he had ever lived Of late, it has become a competitive learn- tion of the national end-user workshops in one place and a third of his life if you ing institution and has dramatically in- in seven countries, threatened plants consider he was 28 at the time of his res- creased its intake of students from across programmes in 16 botanical gardens and ignation!). Stefan therefore feels he must Africa. UNIZUL sees its main research nearly 70 internships to and from various move on to find exciting new endeavours and tuition role as a commitment to uplift herbaria/botanical gardens in the region. that are in line with his interest and field the communities that it serves. Although It was truly a period of intense activity! of study. Luckily, UNIZUL provided such the university is not known for producing an opportunity and he was very thankful world-renowned scientists, it has regularly Despite all the excitement and achieve- for the break. produced inspired individuals willing to ments of the SABONET Project, Stefan challenge old philosophies in order to decided to resign as co-ordinator and to UNIZUL lies north of the Tugela River make the world a better place for all! further his career in ecology/taxonomy. As in KwaZulu-Natal, just inland from the co-ordinator, he hardly ever found the time east coast, approximately 15 km south For Stefan, moving on to a new life also to do what he had studied! Stefan left Pre- of Empangeni. It lies to the south of the brought some sadness about leaving toria for the green hills of KwaZulu-Natal famous lakes and wetlands of the St Lucia behind all the interesting and passionate

68 SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 people from the region that crossed his to thank the SABONET Chairperson, winning team is always in good spirits!” path regularly at SABONET. He certainly Prof. Brian Huntley and the ten country misses networking in southern Africa. As co-ordinators and their staff, both insti- Despite everything that he left behind, co-ordinator, he dealt with over 70 bota- tutional and contract workers, for exactly Stefan says he is enjoying his new life as nists from 16 herbaria and 22 botanical that. “Your dedication and vision were an a practising ecologist and conservationist gardens. He says it is going to take him inspiration to all involved and it really was in an intellectually enriching environment some time to get used to being isolated an honour for me to have worked with of teaching and learning. Also, there are down south, but new opportunities might you and to have been part of this dynamic plenty of opportunities for collaborating see him meet up with his old colleagues project. The tremendous success of the with old and new acquaintances from from the region in the future. project is ascribed solely to your efforts,” universities in Maputo, Durban, and says Stefan. He predicts only good things Pietermaritzburg, as well as the Natal Stefan is extremely thankful to staff at the for the road ahead and is certain that the Herbarium (NH) of the NBI in Durban and NBI for all their support, friendliness, and lessons learned under SABONET will re- the National Herbarium (LMA) of INIA in understanding. He does not like to single sult in even bigger achievements. Maputo. out anyone, because there were far too many people that really stood out and Stefan is thankful for the time he could Stefan is a keen follower of the music of were always ready to assist, guide and spend as part of the most energetic, en- Johnny Clegg and Juluka/Savuka, and support SABONET activities. He extends thusiastic, dedicated project team in the says those of you familiar with this group a really big thank you to all those involved. world! “Thank you Nyasha Rukazhanga- will know Zululand is a good place to listen Although the SABONET Regional Ofﬁce Leboho, Marthina Mössmer, Janice to songs like “Great Heart” or “Impi”! only consisted of three people, you can Golding, Carina Haasbroek, Antoinette imagine that the voluntary NBI support Burckhardt and Lorna Davis for all your And of course, says Stefan, the friends team behind the scene was much bigger. hard work. A Project is only as good as the and colleagues from the region now have team that supports it and I will never forget a place to stay at the coast, as long as they SABONET has always been dependant on you and the team spirit which emanated don’t all visit at once! diplomacy, goodwill, and hard work, and from the group in whatever activity we it is with that in mind that Stefan wishes embarked on,” says Stefan, adding that “a Soli Deo Gloria

Praise for daisy at SAAB Congress

The SABONET Regional Ofﬁce attended and participated in the 30th Annual Congress of the South African Association of Botanists (SAAB) and the 4th Conference, Exhibition, and Workshop of the Botanical Artists’ Association of Southern Africa (BAASA) held in January 2004. SABONET Regional Co- ordinator YOLANDE STEENKAMP reports back on this event.

e set off for Durban from Johan- several plenary speakers. This year, the day was devoted to talks on commercial Wnesburg International Airport on organisers decided to adopt a “Proudly botany and on systematics and biodiver- Sunday, 18 January. The Congress would South African” approach, and invited local sity. Poster sessions on ethnobotany and be held on the Durban campus of the South Africans to present the plenary lec- seed biology took up the late afternoon, newly created University of KwaZulu- tures, which was a slight departure from after which we attended the evening func- Natal (an amalgamation of the Universi- the SAAB tradition. Although this meant tion with the theme of “Tastes and sounds ties of Natal and of Durban-Westville), in that issues that were relevant locally were of Durban”, which was very entertaining the late morning. We could not register addressed in the plenary session (very and the food very good! for the congress until late that afternoon, good), these talks were not presented so we just off-loaded our baggage at the by the world’s greatest speakers (not so On Tuesday, the talks on commercial residence where we were to stay, and good). The result of this was that listeners botany continued in one venue, while seed went in search of lunch at a local shop- really needed a strong cup of coffee by biology was discussed in a second venue. ping centre. the end of the first session. The rest of the In addition, a symposium dealing with contemporary classificatory paradigms After registering later that afternoon in higher angiosperms was held in a third (when we received cute locally-made venue. I regarded this as the highlight of key-rings as gifts) , we spent some time “a poster on the flagship the SAAB Congress. Afterwards, there appreciating the botanical art on display were poster sessions on commercial (courtesy of BAASA). That evening we species of the Natal NBG’s botany and systematics, and again on attended the welcoming session and the SABONET Threatened biodiversity in the late afternoon. opening of the Botanical Art Exhibition. Plants Programme—the All of us from the Regional Office who Plenary lectures and poster Hilton daisy, Gerbera attended the Congress gave our talks sessions aurantiaca presented by during the poster session on systematics Isabel Johnson … received and biodiversity. Tammy Smith presented The SAAB conference started in earnest an award” a poster titled Herbaria and the end-users the next day with an opening address and of botanical information in southern Africa,

SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 69 I presented one named Floristic endemism Johnson of the Natal NBG had received offer). It would perhaps have been more in southern Africa: a numerical classifica- an award. appropriate if the physiology session had tion at generic level, and Elsabé Malan been combined with a systematics and presented An analysis of the human and On the downside… biodiversity session on one day, and the financial resources used to produced the ethnobotany session with an ecology ses- Southern African Plant Red Data Lists. As usual, the SAAB congress offered great sion on another. In this way, most interests opportunities for delegates to meet people, would have been catered for on all days. Award-winning poster network, and learn more about current research in botany in South Africa. How- We would like to thank SABONET for Wednesday was all about physiology and ever, we were a bit disappointed with the sponsoring our attendance of the 30th ethnobotany, while more diverse subjects variety on offer and the manner in which SAAB Congress. were addressed on Thursday, when there the oral sessions had been organised. For were talks on cryobiology, restora- —Yolande Steenkamp tion ecology, computers in biological “a symposium dealing with (SABONET Regional Co-ordinator) education, and vegetation ecology. contemporary classificatory That evening we attended the annual paradigms in higher angiosperms was —Tammy Smith dinner-dance that is a tradition of the (Editor of collated End-user Workshops SAAB Congress. During this function, the highlight of the Congress” Proceedings and IPA Workshop it was announced that a poster on the Co-ordinator) flagship species of the Natal National Bo- example, for people with no interest in tanical Garden’s SABONET Threatened physiology and the related field of ethno- —Elsabé Malan Plants Programme—the Hilton Daisy, botany, Wednesday was a complete waste (SABONET Financial/Admin. Officer) Gerbera aurantiaca—presented by Isabel (since these were the only two options on

due to a lack of funding to provide the countries. Generally, it has been found required expertise and infrastructure for in those countries that have held their Poster maintaining these institutions effectively. workshops that end-users have similar perfect Herbaria have a number of functions, needs. However, these needs differ in including plant identification, research, priority; and the services and products Herbaria and the end-users and teaching. They can be divided into dif- provided by the herbaria therefore dif- of botanical information in ferent categories depending on their func- fer between the various countries. Some southern Africa tions. These categories include national, countries have prioritised the taxonomic regional, museum, university, service, needs of the end-users while others T.J. Smith1, Y. Steenkamp1, and G.F. conservation, and private herbaria. Her- have prioritised teaching and promoting Smith2 baria provide information to a wide range awareness of plant diversity. 1SABONET Regional Office, c/o Na- of end-users including research- tional Botanical Institute, Private Bag ers, environmental consultants, X101, Pretoria 0001, South Africa. conservation bodies, farmers, 2Chief Director: Research and Scientific lawyers, medical practitioners Services, National Botanical Institute, and private individuals. The type Private Bag X101, Pretoria 0001, South of botanical information required Africa. by the end-users of herbaria varies depending on their individual outhern African contains 30 000 needs. One of the recommenda- Sdifferent plant species on less than tions of the SABONET Mid-term two percent of the global land surface. Review was to hold national The herbaria within southern Africa end-user workshops to address should be equipped to deal with this the requirements of providers diversity of plants, but unfortunately and users of botanical informa- very few of them are. This is mainly tion within the ten SABONET

70 SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 Floristic endemism in cal classification technique, the TWINS- the largest number of endemic genera. southern Africa: a numerical PAN computer program, has been used to Almost half of the genera endemic to classification at generic level analyse the distribution data for seed plant southern Africa are monotypic, which genera endemic to the region, as reflected suggests the presence of a very old and Y. Steenkamp1, A.E. van Wyk2, G.F. by the PRECIS database of the National stable flora in this region. Areas of high Smith3 and H. Steyn4 Herbarium, Pretoria. Four main phyto- diversity in terms of endemic genera 1 SABONET Regional Co-ordinator, c/o choria have been identified. These are the have also been mapped. National Botanical Institute, Private Bag Kaokoveld region in northern Na- X101, Pretoria 0001, South Africa. mibia, the Kalahari region, and the 2 Department of Botany, University of Greater Afromontane region in Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa. the eastern parts of South Africa, 3 Chief Director: Research and Scientific as well as the large, south-western Services, National Botanical Institute, Greater Cape region. Both the Private Bag X101, Pretoria 0001, South Greater Afromontane and the Africa. Greater Cape regions have been 4 Data Section, National Botanical Insti- subdivided into further groupings tute, Private Bag X101, Pretoria 0001, representing phytochoria at lower South Africa. levels of the hierarchy. At least 586 seed plant genera are endemic hierarchy of phytogeographic re- to southern Africa. The largest Agions within southern Africa and of these is Aspalathus (Fabaceae) south of the Kunene, Okavango, and with 278 species. At 114, the Me- Limpopo Rivers is suggested. A numeri- sembryanthemaceae contribute

An analysis of the human and NET countries. This initiative culminated This paper provides background on the financial resources used to in the publication of Southern African Plant human and financial resources by fo- produce the Southern African Red Data Lists, and incorporated the de- cusing on regional botanical expertise. Plant Red Data Lists tailed assessments from seven workshops SABONET was able to assess 3 900 plant (110 participants) and the compilations of species at only USD 30 each. J. Golding1, S.J. Siebert2, and E. Malan3 20 plant diversity specialists in the region. 1Environmental Change Institute (ECI), The lists are recognised globally as School of Geography and the Environ- a significant contribution towards ment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. plant conservation in southern 2Department of Botany, University of Africa. However, what were the Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaD- costs involved in terms of human langeswa 3886, South Africa. and financial resources to assess the 3SABONET Financial Officer, National threatened plants of such a vast area Botanical Institute, Private Bag X101, (6 000 000 km²)? Over 32 months, Pretoria 0001, South Africa 4 100 assessments were conducted and 3 900 plants species were al- he Southern African Botanical located to the category of threat. TDiversity Network (SABONET) is a Human and financial resources used donor-funded capacity-building project are discussed and analysed under involving southern African botanists. As five headings, namely project co- part of this project, IUCN-ROSA made ordination, data collection, report available funds for the compilation of preparation, information packag- plant Red Data Lists for the ten SABO- ing and information dissemination. Flora Zambesiaca available online

he Flora is currently 70 percent The online version is intended to help The database was digitised from hard copy Tcomplete and the database contains users to search for accepted names and text and is a landmark in the provision of around 10,000 accepted names. Fully in- synonyms across the 32 volumes of the legacy taxonomic and floristic information dexed searches using accepted scientific Flora. In addition, advanced searches can in new digital formats. Feedback via e-mail names and synonyms, plant habit, geo- be used to generate checklists of species would be welcome. Kindly write to the graphical location, altitudinal range and for any Flora Zambesiaca country or sub- eFloras team at [email protected] endemic status are possible. The details division, or can be used to help identify displayed for each taxon include the full species. —D.Kirkup, P.Malcolm and A.Paton Flora account (i.e. nomenclature, description, distribution, ecology, etc.). A database containing all the published volumes of Flora Zambesiaca is now available on-line via the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew website. Go to http://www.kew.org/efloras/

SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 71 NBI research structures transformed for greater efﬁciency

enior research management and the Kirstenbosch Research Centre of the KRC. SExecutive Committee of the National (KRC), NBI, Cape Town Botanical Institute (NBI) recently imple- Dr John Manning, a senior specialist mented a number of negotiated, cost- The necessity for the integration of ecolo- scientist in the Herbarium, has assumed effective measures aimed at enhancing gy and systematics research programmes responsibility as the research leader. product delivery, efficiency, effectiveness within the Kirstenbosch Research Centre This enables the KRC to benefit from and the transformation processes in the has increased. This is because the NBI is the experience of one of the most active Institute. These changes were made to the aligning its research with the needs of and experienced systematists in the NBI, management structures of the Natal Her- projects such as CAPE and SKEP, and due and who has established a wide range of barium in Durban and the Kirstenbosch to the possible role of the proposed South international contacts. He, too, reports to Research Centre in Cape Town. Africa National Biodiversity Institute. Dr Donaldson. During the review of the NBI in 2000, the Herbarium of the NBI, Durban, International Visitor Group also identified Marinus, who has extensive experience KwaZulu-Natal the need for greater integration. The KRC in herbarium work in both the Compton will now operate as a single management and National Herbariums, has assumed Yashica Singh, who has worked as a unit, encompassing the Compton Herbar- responsibility for herbarium services. She researcher in the Herbarium for several ium, the Leslie Hill Molecular Systematics reports to Dr Roux. years, has been appointed Curator of the Laboratory, and research programmes in Natal Herbarium (NH). On 1 April 2003, systematics, climate change, invasive alien Leslie Hill Molecular she assumed responsibility for the overall grasses, and biodiversity conservation. Systematics Laboratory operation of the Herbarium. Her duties Dr John Donaldson was appointed Head (LHMSL), NBI, Kirstenbosch, include management of the collection of of the KRC on 1 April 2003. He reports Cape Town about 110 000 specimens and systematics to Prof. Gideon F. Smith, Chief Director: research. Singh continues to explore her Research. Dr Gail Reeves, who set up the LHMSL interest in the taxonomy of petaloid mono- laboratory together with Ferozah Conrad, cots and is currently revising the genus Dr Mike Rutherford, who previously will continue to head up the laboratory. Hypoxis in southern Africa. Part of her vi- headed the Ecology and Conservation As with other sections in the KRC, she sion for the NH is to stimulate and develop section within the KRC, now heads the reports to Dr Donaldson. In addition, a strong research and service provision new Landscape Ecology section and changes in the Herbarium resulted in a focus on the flora of KwaZulu-Natal. continues to lead the externally funded position becoming available in the labora- flagship Vegetation Map of South Africa, tory. Angeline Khunou, a former student The Herbarium has also benefited from Swaziland and Lesotho project. there, has been appointed to increase the the appointment of Caroline Apollos, capacity of the laboratory to do a broader who supports the administrative func- Compton Herbarium, NBI, range of analyses. tions, thus affording the Curator time for Kirstenbosch, Cape Town the development of both the Herbarium With the implementation of these changes, and the research component within the There have been several changes at the the NBI’s Research Directorate is well Herbarium. Compton Herbarium since its integration positioned to respond to the challenges of into the KRC, including the retirement of researching and benefiting South Africa’s Rosemary Williams, the previous Curator Dr John Rourke (previously Curator of the rich and diverse flora. of NH, assumed responsibility for selected Compton Herbarium), and the sad loss of Herbarium-based projects on 1 April 2003. Dr Jo Beyers (Collections Manager), who —G.F. Smith*, J.S. Donaldson** Examples of some of these projects are the died of cancer earlier this year. & Y. Singh*** externally funded Zulu Botanical Knowl- *Office of the Chief Director, Research edge Project, development of selected Dr Koos Roux, a specialist scientist with and Scientific Services Directorate, herbarium facilities, and the corporately herbarium management experience, has National Botanical Institute, Private Bag driven Flora of KwaZulu-Natal Project, taken over the responsibility of managing X101, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa all of which require close monitoring and the Compton Herbarium. He has primary **Research Directorate, P/Bag X7, Clare- management and significant additional responsibility for the budget of the Her- mont, Cape Town, 7735 South Africa funding. Williams will be playing an ac- barium, and works in close collaboration *** Natal Herbarium, National Botanical tive role in these and other projects on a with Edwina Marinus and Dr John Man- Institute, PO Box 52099, Berea Road, 4007 part-time (5/8) basis. ning. He reports to Dr Donaldson, Head South Africa

72 SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 Important Plant Areas (IPAs) in southern Africa

Tammy Smith of the SABONET Regional Office reports on the first workshop on ‘Important Plant Areas (IPAs) in southern Africa’ organised by that office and held from 10 - 14 May 2004 at the Environmental Education Centre, Pretoria National Botanical Garden, South Africa.

he concept of Important Plant Areas dardised, quantitative and scientifically species or infraspecific taxa; T(IPAs) was developed in Europe in defensible. Aiii) Site contains nationally threatened response to the increasing rate of loss of species or infraspecific taxa; plants and habitats due to economic devel- As part of its exit strategy SABONET has Aiv) Site contains restricted-range spe- opment, urbanisation, and destruction of opted to initiate the process of identifying cies or infraspecific taxa (narrow habitat. It is based on the very successful IPAs in the region, hence the workshop endemics). BirdLife International Important Bird Area held in Pretoria in May 2004. (IBA) programme that PlantLife Interna- Criterion B: Botanical diversity tional and the World Conservation Union Objectives of the workshop (IUCN) lead. To: The site contains a high number of species • review current knowledge and data and/or species of special interest selected IPAs have been identified as one possible sources in the SABONET countries within each major vegetation type. way in which signatory countries to the that could be used in the IPA selec- Global Strategy for Plant Conservation tion process; Criterion C: Threatened habitats (GSPC) can meet their obligations con- • review possible approaches to cerning Target 5 of the GSPC. identifying IPAs; Site contains one or more threatened • discuss the use of IPAs as a conser- habitat types: Global Strategy for Plant vation tool within the SABONET Ci) Regionally threatened habitats; Conservation (GSPC) countries; Cii) Nationally threatened habitats. • develop an understanding of the The GSPC is a strategy of action methodologies required for defin- One of the expected outputs of the work- adopted at the sixth meeting of the ing or refining the existing infor- shop is a publication in the SABONET Re- Conference of Parties (CoP) to the mation for IPAs in the SABONET port Series that will detail the proceedings Convention on Biological Diversity region, and of the workshop, as well as discuss the (CBD) in April 2002. In consists of 16 • provide recommendations on the criteria mentioned above in more detail. outcome-oriented plant-conservation- most appropriate methodologies. related targets that signatory countries The intention now is to hold national IPA must meet by 2010. These 16 targets Participants at the workshop included workshops in some of the SABONET are grouped into five main objectives, representatives from a number of the SA- countries, with the aim of establishing namely: BONET countries, conservation planners, teams to identify IPAs in those countries. • Understanding and documenting taxonomists, ecologists, and individuals At the recent SABONET Steering Commit- plant diversity; involved in the identification of Important tee meeting held in Pretoria, South Africa, • Conserving plant diversity; Bird Areas. Participants were fortunate on 9 June 2004, four countries indicated • Using plant diversity sustainably; to have Elizabeth Radford from PlantLife that they were interested in taking the IPA • Promoting education and aware- International present to give advice on and process forward under the initial auspices ness about plant diversity, and make suggestions for developing criteria of SABONET. These countries are Malawi, • Building capacity for the conserva- for selecting IPAs in southern Africa. Mozambique, South Africa, and Zambia. tion of plant diversity. A large portion of the workshop involved Southern Africa does not have a short- Target 5 of the GSPC specifies that the discussing the criteria, and developing a age of potential IPA sites. However, the “protection of 50 percent of the most draft set of criteria. At present, the criteria challenge will be to select those sites that important areas for plant diversity [must] stand as follows: together will include the largest possible be assured” by 2010. This implies that im- diversity of plants and habitats, especially portant areas for plant diversity must be Criterion A: Threatened species in terms of threatened, rare and/or en- identified first. IPAs are the most important demic plant taxa and habitat types. places in the world for wild plant diversity The site holds significant populations of that can be protected and managed as spe- one or more species or infraspecific taxa For additional information and cific sites. The aim is to identify a network that are of conservation concern: progress on the programme of the best sites for plants throughout Ai) Site contains globally threatened spe- within the SABONET countries, the world using consistent criteria. These cies or infraspecific taxa; please contact criteria are internationally agreed, stan- Aii) Site contains regionally threatened Tammy Smith ([email protected]).

SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 73 5 June – 6 June edible stapeliad and a species of Jatropha News from The next morning we met with the land that I did not know, and which is used for board to explain Environmental Impact “thickening” blood (it has a red sap). Botswana Assessments. We also looked (unsuccessfully) for a Stapelia that Desmond Cole has 7 - 8 June Collectors trip the field fantastic reported seeing there and that he suggests On the 7th we drove back to Tshabong and might be S. grandiflora, a species other- on the 8th went 240km (149 miles) north From Gaborone to Hukuntsi: Diary wise unknown in Botswana. We did find via the Mabuasehube Division of the of a field trip Tetragonia calycina in fruit though. Transfrontier Park to Hukuntsi. The next — Bruce Hargreaves day we toured the pans in that area and Our next stop was Bokspits, which is in found, amongst other specimens, a pinker n June 2001, four of us, Queen the far south-western corner of Botswana. Androcymbium, Huernia longituba, Duva- ITurner (herbarium), Diphoteng There was Aloe hereoensis growing at lia polita, and Aloe transvaalensis. Menyatso (botanic garden), Moffat the clinic where we stayed, but we failed Setshogo (University of Botswana), to find it the next morning. We did find On the 10th we returned to Gaborone and I used the SABONET vehicle to Tridenta marientalensis and Euphorbia (510km or 317 miles east). collect plants in the south-western bergii, however. corner of Botswana. Addendum

3 June The Kalahari and its Plants was published At the start of our trip we went to Jwaneng From Bokspits we drove 53km (33 miles) in 1999 in Pretoria. We looked for Aloe (177km or 110 miles west of Gaborone) north to the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park hereoensis after returning to Bokspits and and toured the game reserve that now that Botswana now shares with South found hundreds of dead stalks. “Had this surrounds the diamond mine there. Then Africa. Crossing the border was pretty been caused by poachers, disease, or don- we went on to Khakea (another 133km or easy even in 1991 when I was there before, keys?”, we wondered. We never found an 82.6 miles south) for the night. but now it is ofﬁcially open. After lunch answer, but eventually found a guide who in South Africa, we returned to Andrew took us to a single live plant. Fortunately, 4 June Villander’s farm just south of the Park. it had a dozen heads, therefore we were In the morning, we collected at Khakea Andrew, whose knowledge of plants is able to take one head without removing Pan: Androcymbium lilies blooming in the excellent, recommended The Kalahari the whole population. calcrete, Zygophyllum and Lycium bushes and its Plants by Van der Walt & Le Riche. on the short cliffs. Then we headed off His copy was in Afrikaans, but I bought The road from Tshabong to the Transfron- from the Southern District to Tshabong an English one (obviously translated and tier Park was nothing more than graded (another 220km or 137 miles south) in the with some over-exposed pictures) at the dirt and the road from Tshabong to Hu- Kgalagadi District, where we spent the Park. His two farm-hands were excellent kuntsi was a sand track requiring heavy second night of the trip. guides who showed us an edible and non- plowing. All other roads we travelled were paved.

From left: Androcymbium, Khakhea Pan; Malopo from Khuis. (Photos: B. Hargreaves)

The Hills are alive with plants teng, then 14km (8.7 miles) south on the adenium lugardae, Stapelia kwabensis, — Bruce Hargreaves old Ghanzi road. The Ghanzi road is now Ceropegia floribunda, Coccinia rehmannia reports on a field trip to the Hills area gravel and much improved from the sand and C. kwebensis (now included in C. pur- track my wife and I drove in 1969 and lost purascens). We did not find these, but did n 2 December 2001 we began a but found again using a compass and map. collect two talinums, Corallocarpus baine- OSABONET trip by driving up to Finally, we headed 26km (16 miles) east on sii and a tuberous-rooted Cyphostemma. Maun. We were accommodated at Oka- dirt (mud due to recent rains). In addition, we saw Adenia digitata and vango Research Centre Housing on the a baobab. Thamelekane River just across from Riley’s Captain (later Major) E.J. Lugard his wife, Hotel (but at P10/night we had found a Charlotte Eleanor, and his brother used The next morning we drove over to the better bargain). the Hills as headquarters from 1897 to Peter Smith Herbarium and Library at the 1898 when they looked for minerals in back of the research centre. It is merely On the 3rd, we drove out to the Khwebe the Ngamiland area. A number of plants being warehoused at present, but at least it Hills, 67km (42 miles) southwest to To- were first collected there, including Mon- is not being eaten by termites. Peter Smith

74 SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 worked for Water Affairs and in his spare time built up the best botanic collection in the country. The collection of the late Dr. Heinz, who ﬁlmed San in the 1950s, is also housed there.

That afternoon the second vehicle ﬁnally arrived from Gaborone and we drove across Lake Ngami (the water was mostly in the roadbed). We searched the calcrete embankment unsuccessfully for Stapelia schinzii, a species of Namibia, which Prof. Hans Schinz collected near Lake Ngami in 1886, but that has never been seen in Botswana subsequently. Khwebe Hills. (Photo: B. Hargreaves)

On the 5th, I climbed the Mabeleapodi had left under a shady tree. Along the way tswana). Back at Kuke we found Jatropha (goat teats) Hills at the Kuke Veterinary we met three boys walking toward us and seyneri (a tuberous species) in fruit. The Control Fence Gate some 105km (65 miles) the one in the middle was wearing my hat! next day we drove south to Ghanzi, 111km southwest of Toteng on the new tar road. We spent the night 6km (3.7 miles ) south of (69 miles), south on paved road, and We were waiting for the 2nd which decided the gate at a Rural Area Dweller (e.g. San observed that introduced mesquite had to go to the Khwebe Hills but didn’t make or Bushmen) boarding school. taken over the town. After driving another it. The rock slabs were loose and covered 215km (133.5 miles) south-east we arrived with nettle spurge (Tragia sp.—a non- The next day both vehicles drove out to the at Kang where we found Orbea knobelii, a succulent in the Euphorbia family), so the Tsau (Lion) Hills on the edge of the Central rare Kgalagadi endemic in full bloom on climb was miserably unpleasant. The oth- Kalahari Game Reserve, 16km (10 miles) the edge of a quarry at the pan. There were ers (who searched the base) came up with south on paved road and 60km (37 miles) a couple of other stapeliads as well as two Stapelia kwebensis in bud and Portulaca east on dirt through six farms. We failed to talinums. That night we stayed at Wildlife kermesina in full bloom. We had Cokes at ﬁnd the Adenium bohmeanum that Peter housing and the next day we headed back the Kuke Settlement, but then had to drive Smith had seen there but not collected to Gaborone. back to the gate to get my leather hat that I (and which is otherwise unknown in Bo-

Circling the Okavango reacts to touch by closing its leaves. From to become the Chobe River, which then that point on, we travelled on dirt/sand joins the Zambezi. On a field trip to the Okavango, road. We stopped at the only known site Bruce Hargreaves crossed the of Habernaria pasmithii, an orchid named (Incidentally, Mose oa Tunya or Victoria Bridge over the River Khwai and for the late Peter Smith, but the flood plane Falls is also formed by a fault that runs explored to a Fault in search of was dry and partly burnt and no orchids parallel to the Gomare. It’s all part of the plant specimens. were seen. I did find flame lilies (Gloriosa southern end of the Great Rift Valley, superba) and a milkweed with edible fruit which starts up in Turkey.) In addition, wa- n Sunday 5 January, Moffat Setshogo (Orthanthera jasminiflora). That evening ter from the Kwando occasionally crosses Oof the University of Botswana, D. we camped at Seronga at the bottom of the fault and forms the Savuti channel, Menyatso, our museum horticulturist, a the panhandle. It can be reached by a two- which ends in the Mababe Depression of driver D. Mothomme and I set off for Maun hour boat ride (only P25) from the paved the Chobe National Park. This network is which lies to the south of the Okavango road on the western side of the delta. We merely a part of the fluid river system of with. We se up our tents that evening on collected a large number of flowering and Northern Botswana. the banks of the Thamalekane River. The fruiting trees along the river, including the next morning we shopped and visited the sausage tree, Kigelia africana, with its big, Peter Smith Herbarium. Then we headed woody fruit. off around the western side of the delta to Gomare. At the police station there we On the 8th we drove north-east to the revisited a giant Orbea and found it had Buffalo Fence that separates cattle and been collected locally. I have been growing wildlife. We entered the Selinda Reserve it for 9 months, but still have not seen the (which had giraffe, zebra, etc.) and fol- flowers. I hope it is the purple-flowered lowed the flood plain of the Selinda Orbea valida, but the police say the flow- Spillway (an occasional overflow from ers are yellow. This would make it Orbea the Okavango). The Spillway denotes the lutea, but I’ve never seen one this big. We presence of the Gomare Fault, which is camped that night at Shakawe at the top one of three that form the delta’s shape. of the panhandle of the Okavango. Following the Selinda Spillway led us to the Kwando River at a crossroads of On the 7th we had our spare tyre repaired water. Sounds impossible? The Kwando at the Botswana Defence Force Camp comes down from Angola, reaches the and went up to Mohembo where there Gomare Fault, and does a right angle turn Dr. Kurugundla of the Dept. of Water is a ferry across the river. We stopped to to become the Linyanti River and later Affairs, Botswana, with Eulophia collect seedlings of Mimosa pigra, which does another couple of right angle turns lalilabris. (Photo: B. Hargreaves)

SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 75 At the Kwando River, we visited James’ Dr Kurugundla, a bota- Camp (now Botswana Defence Force), nist of Water Affairs but failed to find another rare orchid (for which Peter Smith there. That night we pitched our tents had also worked) for a at the HQ for the Selinda Reserve. I had boat to take us out onto hoped to meet researchers there as the the water at sunrise reserve is starting a herbarium, but they We camped that night were all out. back at the North Gate. I looked for Orbea sch- On the 9th we drove south to the Moremi weinfurthii, which is Game Reserve, stopping (unsuccessfully) reported for the Khwai, at the only locality in Botswana known but didn’t ﬁnd it. for Orbea gossweileri, which is another purple-flowered stapeliad. We also We started out with a stopped to remove a tree that elephants boatload of passengers, Mr B. Pelekegae picking water berries (Syzigium). had placed on the road. At the North Gate but after a brief channel (Photo B. Hargreaves) we saw more zebra and giraffe as well as run the other intrepid would continue looking. On the way back waterbuck before we crossed a bridge of three from Gaborone were left (at their we encountered hippo, elephant and large wooden logs into the Reserve. The branch request) on shore while we hunted GPS crocodiles and snacked on water berries of the Okavango here is the Khwai, so we points on the water. We found orchids (Eu- (Syzigium cordata). crossed the bridge over the River Khwai. lophia latilabris, which has 1m high leaves, We drove out to Mboma Island with a park and the smaller Eulophia tanganyikensis) After picking up the landlubbers, we researcher, as required by my permit. He at the ﬁrst stop, but then found our motor proceeded to the South Gate. We found turned out to be an old acquaintance, B. was burnt out. Proceeding very slowly, we paved road soon after passing through Pelekegae. Years ago he had led me to the reached the nearest dock and fortunately the buffalo fence. We reached Maun just only known locality of the desert candle did not have to wait long before a wildlife in time to refuel for the drive home on (Monsonia salminifolia) in Botswana, boat found us. Fortunately, the crew of Saturday. (The Government fuel point is namely in the southwest at Tshabong. We the wildlife boat lent us a spare motor! only open on weekdays.) On Saturday, discovered, however, that the localities for We found the second GPS point, but no we met zebra strolling down the road rare orchids that I wanted to collect were orchids. At any rate, Dr. Kurugundla had next to the entrance to the Makgadikgadi all out in the water. We then arranged with found a small one there previously and National Park.

electronically. book and electronic assessments, the ex- News from • Discuss the Namibian assessments ternal reviewer, Janine Victor, identified a with the external reviewer, Janine number of problems with the Namibian Namibia Victor, especially problem cases, how assessments. She suggested that attending to solve them, and the implications of the Red List course, coupled with discus- SABONET internship pays changing assessments for the Red Data sions with international Red List experts, dividends for Namibian Plant Book. might help to solve the current problems Red Data List project Background and enable me to conduct assessments with greater accuracy in future. Agricultural Researcher SONJA In 2002, the Southern African Plant Red LOOTS of the National Botanical Data Lists were published as SABONET Proceedings Research Institute, Namibia, Report No. 14. This publication listed ap- explains what effect the Red List proximately 1500 Namibian taxa that were The course proved extremely useful. Threatened Species Training assessed against the 1994 IUCN Red List Practising to use the latest classification Workshop and Internship at the Classification system. Of these, approxi- system with other regional Red List of- Johannesburg Zoo and National mately 300 taxa were regarded as facing ficers provided an opportunity to share Botanical Institute in South Africa a moderately high to extremely high risk experiences and sort out problems and from 4 – 5 November 2003 had on of extinction. Since then, the IUCN Spe- challenges. work being done for a new edition cies Survival Commission has revised the of the Namibian Plant Red Data classification system. The new categories Janine, who is also one of the South List. and criteria were adopted in 2000. African Red List authorities, and I evalu- ated some of the Namibian assessments Objectives To create awareness of Namibia’s rare and together. Her extensive experience in as- threatened plant taxa among conserva- sessing the extinction risk of plant taxa in he objectives of the internship were tionists, policy makers and Namibians in South Africa has already proved extremely Tfor me, as the Agricultural Researcher general, the NBRI embarked on producing valuable in reassessing the Namibian plant responsible for the Plant Red Data List a book with distribution maps, descrip- taxa, and resolving problems that seemed Project in the NBRI, to: tions, photographs, and other relevant very difficult to address. • Gain advanced skills for applying the information. Assessments of species that new 2000 IUCN Red List classification were to be included in this publication Craig Hilton-Taylor, a Red List authority system. were then updated from the 1994 system based in Cambridge, UK, was the main • Practice using the RAMAS Red List to the 2000 system. presenter during the course. He gave lec- software based on the 2000 Red List tures on applying the new 2001 Red List categories in order to do classifications On studying a draft manuscript of the categories, as well as the use of RAMAS,

76 SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 the software used by Red List ofﬁcers. This is being made with problematic assess- ticipation of Namibia at this course and programme is already in use at the NBRI, ments that have to be redone. The external internship is gratefully acknowledged. but additional assistance and technical reviewer has provided positive feedback The speedy processing of the submission expertise equipped course participants about the taxa already sent to her for by the top management of MAWRD is also to improve the accuracy with which they evaluation. acknowledged with gratitude. carry out assessments. Conclusion —Sonja Loots The manuscript is now nearing its ﬁnal The support of GEF/UNDP through the National Botanical Research Institute, stages of preparation. Good progress SABONET Project in sponsoring the par- Namibia

freedom for all South Africans, a giant legend in his lifetime. Former President News from among great men.” Nelson Mandela hailed Walter Sisulu as the real father of the new South Africa. South Africa Commenting on South Africans’ celebration of ten years of democracy, Moosa said Councillor Amos Masondo (Mayor of that the country’s botanical gardens had Johannesburg), Ahmed Kathradra (a rep- Botanical garden renamed for “benefited enormously from ten years of resentative of the Sisulu family), Councillor Walter Sisulu freedom.“ Lentswe Mokgatle (Executive Mayor of Mogale City Local Municipality) joined o honour and commemorate the lega- “Increasingly, our national botanical gar- Moosa in addressing guests at the renam- Tcy of the late Walter Max Ulnate Sisulu, dens have sought to open their facilities ing ceremony. In addition, the four-hour and to celebrate a decade of democracy to new constituencies, and to reach out ceremony included performances by a in South Africa, the National Botanical to schools in particular. The last ten years Xhosa dance group, an opera singer, and Institute (NBI) officially changed the name have seen a new generation of horticultur- a Xhosa praise singer. Guests were seated of the Witwatersrand National Botanical ists, environment educators and conserva- in a Marquee tent erected on the lawn in Garden (NBG) to that of the Walter Sisulu tionists move through the ranks of (the) front of the Witpoortjie Waterfall, one of National Botanical Garden on Tuesday, 16 National Botanical Institute. From no black the better known landmarks in the Walter March 2004. horticulturists in 1994, 50 percent of our Sisulu NBG. qualified horticulturists are now Black.” Minister of Environmental Affairs and —Yolande Steenkamp Tourism, Valli Moosa, unveiled a plaque For several years before this commemorating the work of Walter Sisulu event the Board of the NBI and the renaming of the garden. In his had—as part of its branding address, Moosa said that the day not only and marketing strategy— represented South Africans’ celebration of considered changing the freedom and “the hard won benefits that name of the Witwatersrand democracy had brought”, but that it was NBG to a more recogni- also a day on which tribute was paid “to sable one. The NBI Board one of the heroes that made this moment submitted a proposal for a possible. name change to Moosa. In response, the Minister sug- “Today, in one of our country’s most beau- gested that the garden be tiful botanical gardens—a garden that so dedicated to the memory of wonderfully represents the biodiversity of Walter Sisulu in recognition the highveld—we celebrate the life-long of his leadership role during commitment to the struggle for freedom the struggle for a democratic made by Walter Sisulu; a stalwart, a com- South Africa. Sisulu, who rade, a true hero, also fearless, not afraid died last year at the age of to do what he knew must be done to win 91, was considered a living

SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 77 • Mushroom Cultivation Project, Earlier records for Zambia placed the News from • the Southern African Botanical Diversity number of vascular plant species at about Network (SABONET) Project based in 4 700 (Davies et al. 1994). However, thanks Zambia the Department of Biological Sciences to SABONET, we know now that Zambia and has well over 6,000 species of vascular Zambian plants put on • University of Zambia Library Services. plants. The complete inventory of biodi- presidential display versity in Zambia will add value to the A great number of research projects that element of accurate predictions in the dy- rojects funded by the UNDP were in- were displayed are focused on the sus- namics of plants, animals and the advent Pcluded in those demonstrated to and tainable utilisation of Zambia’s natural of disease epidemics. displayed for the benefit of the president of resources. The Technology Development Zambia, Levy Patrick Mwanawasa, when and Advisory Unit, the Mushroom Culti- Zambian cycad he paid a fact-finding visit to the University vation Project and the SABONET Project of Zambia (UNZA) in March 2004. are among the projects linked to UNDP During field trips to several parts of the support. country, the germplasm of some plants The University Administration seized the have been collected for cultivation as opportunity of the presidential visit to The SABONET Project ornamentals. Some species are known to demonstrate that, despite financial con- be of potential medicinal value, whereas straints on the institution, the academic In accordance with SABONET objectives, others are noted for their potential value staff are strongly committed to success- the main activities of the SABONET Proj- as sources of fruit, timber, or shade, for fully executing research projects to meet ect entailed compiling an inventory of vas- example. The Zambian cycad known their intended objectives. cular plants and developing a strong core as Encephalartos schmitzii (Kanchidu) of professional botanists, taxonomists, was included in the ornamental plants Projects on display horticulturists and plant diversity experts displayed for the presidential visit. This in southern Africa. Later programmes plant occurs in the Mpika District only; To illustrate the basic and applied research included establishing a botanical garden but records show that it also occurs in the activities being carried out at UNZA, a as a form of ex situ conservation of indig- Kundelungu Mountains of the DRC. This number of research projects and academic enous plants. Therefore, the SABONET cycad is now threatened because of plant programmes were demonstrated. These demonstration dealt with the cultivation of collectors harvesting it for commercial included: indigenous plants that have ethno-botani- horticultural production overseas, hence • the Technology Development and cal value in Zambia. the need to cultivate and conserve this rare Advisory Unit (TDAU) of the School of cycad sustainably. Engineering, Katanga and Nyika centres of • the Solar Power Project of the Energy plant diversity and Environmental Physics Group, Valuable timber • the School of Mines’ Phosphate Fertil- Zambia shares two of the 17 centres of izer Project, plant diversity that are prevalent in south- An indigenous plant of potential value as • the School of Agriculture’s Food Sci- ern Africa with neighbouring countries. a source of timber is Maesopsis eminii, ence Technology Programme and, Miombo woodland characterises the locally known as Ndunga (Bemba). The Katanga centre of plant diversity. This natural habitat of Ndunga is restricted to botanical centre of endemism is a trans- the Kawambwa District. It occurs in high boundary region that encompasses the rainfall areas of Angola, the DRC, Tanzania eastern part of Angola, the southern and attains its southern geographical limit province of the Democratic Republic in Kawambwa. of Congo (DRC) and the northern part of Zambia. In this country, the Katanga Podocarpus milanjianus, locally known as centre of plant endemism embraces the Mulushi (Bemba) or Mweye (Tumbuka), North-Western, Copperbelt and parts of and the only indigenous conifer in Zambia Luapula provinces. is another source of timber. The quality of the wood from this tree is equivalent The other centre of plant diversity is the Nyika Pla- teau. The greater part of this montane area, which is something of a phy- togeographical island surrounded by miombo woodlands on a relatively low altitude plateau, Patrick Phiri explaining a display of useful lies in Malawi. Zambia is indigenous plants to His Excellency the unique in south-central President, Mr Levy Patrick Mwanawasa Africa as the highest outside the University Library. Next to number of leguminous the President is the Minister of Educa- tree species that charac- Encephalartos schmitzii (Kanchindu): The only indigenous cy- tion (Mr A. Mulenga) and behind Dr. terise the miombo wood- cad of potential horticultural value. This palm-like plant bears Phiri is the Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Prof. lands has been recorded pineapple-like fruits. Collectors from Europe and America Lungwangwa.) in this country. have been illegally exporting the cycad overseas.

78 SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 Zambian environments and thus useful in the conservation of the soils and water resources in this country.

—David Kananga Chuba, SA- BONET-Zambia, University of Zambia Herbarium Department of Biological Sci- ences, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia Tel: 260 – 01 – 293653 Fax: + 260 – 01 - 253952 Maeosopsis eminii: Potted seedlings of this rare tree cultivated at the University nursery. This indigenous tree is utilised as a source of timber in Tanzania. The Forestry Department need to Cotton, C.M. (1998) Ethnobotany: promote the cultivation of this plant species. Prin-ciples, and Applications. John to that of the exotic pines in forest plan- Zambia, cooking oil is extracted from the Wiley & Sons. tations. Mulushi occurs near Kalene fruit of Schinziophyton rautanenii (Muku- Davies, S.D., Heywood, V.H. & Hamilton Mission in North-Western Province, in su, Mungongo). The fruit plants displayed A.C. (1994) Centres of Plant Diversity: Konkla Forest Reserve in the Copperbelt were Adansonia digitata, Annona senega- A Guide and Strategy for their Con- Province, in Bwingimfumu Forest Reserve lensis, Azanza garckeana and Tamarindus servation Volume 1, Europe, Africa, in Mpika District, at Chishimba Falls in indica. These indigenous fruit trees and South West Asia and the Middle East. Kasama District and on the Nyika Plateau shrubs may need to be introduced into World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) in Isoka District. horticultural programmes. and IUCN. Huntley, B.J. (1993) Botanical Diversity in Other indigenous timber tree species ear- Trees for shade Southern Africa. Strelitzia 1. National marked for inclusion as candidates for pro- Botanical Institute. Pretoria. motion in forest plantation programmes Some introduced exotic plants, such as Kaposhi, C.K.M. and Phiri, P.S.M. (1999) include Baikiaea plurijuga (Mukusi), Khaya Lantana camara, Jacaranda mimosifolia, The Inventory of Local Plants with nyasica (Mubaba, Mululu), Pterocarpus Melia azedarach, and Toona ciliata, have Pesticidal, Repellent and Medicinal angolensis (Mukwa) and Afzelia quanzen- become invasive and weedy in urban Properties in Muswishi and Lusitu sis (Mupapa,). The timber plants Afzelia areas and many villages in Zambia. How- Areas of Zambia. A FARMESA Project quanzensis, Khaya nyasica, Maesopsis ever, Guibourtia coleosperma (Muzauli, Report. eminii, and Podocarpus milanjianus were Mushibi), Parinari curatellifolia (Mubula, Phiri, P.S.M. (2004) A National Checklist displayed. Mupundu), Trichilia emetica (Musikili, of Zambian Vascular Plants. Southern Musikizi) and local palms are good candi- African Botanical Diversity Network Medicinal plants dates for use as shade or street trees and (SABONET). In Production. for use in landscaping. The Euphorbia Van Wyk, B-E. and Gericke, N. (2000) There are other applications of plant natu- cooperii var. calidicola, Erythrina abyssi- People’s Plants: A Guide to Useful Plants ral products. Plants of potential medicinal nica, Guibourtia coleosperma and Sterculia of Southern Africa. Briza Publications. value, necessitating pharmaceutical re- quinqueloba have potential for use as Pretoria. search in this country, could include Aloe shade/street trees and landscaping, hence Yoshida, K. (1992) Masks and transfor- species (Itembusha), Cassia abbreviata their inclusion for display. mation among the Chewa of Eastern (Mululwe, Munsokansoka), Rauvolfia caf- Zambia. Senri Ethnological Studies 31: fra (Mubimbi, Mpambamvula). Aloe Endemic plants 203-273. chabaudii, A. mzimbana, Cissus quadran- gularis, Isoberlinia angolensis (Mutobo) Plants that are unique to Zambia and and Selaginella imbricata (Mfumbata) therefore need special protection were were displayed to represent some plants displayed as endemic taxa. The endemic of medicinal value. species of Euphorbia included for demonstration were Euphorbia debilispina that is Zambia is home to such indigenous endemic to Lusaka Province, as well as E. fruit trees as Adansonia digitata (Bao- fanshawei and E. williamsonii, which are bab, Mubuyu, Mulambe), Anisophyllea both known to be endemic to Ntumba- pomifera (Mufungo), Berchemia dis- chushi Falls in Luapula Province. Sclerocarya birrea (Musebe, color (Mtachi, Muzinzila, Mwinji), Dios- Marula tree) pyros kirkii, D. mespiliformis (Muchenja, The inception of the SABONET project has Muchenje), Sclerocarya birrea (Marula certainly paved the way for the compila- tree, Musebe, which is exploited for wine tion of a comprehensive inventory of the making), Strychnos cocculoides (Kason- biological diversity of Zambia’s life forms gole, Muhuluhulu), Syzygium guineense, that could include algae (source of food (Mufinsa, Musinyika) Tamarindidus indica for fish), bryophytes, fungi (including the (Bwembe, Mwembe, Musika), Uapaca mushrooms), animals and other microbes kirkiana (Masuku), Vangueriopsis lanciflora when funds become available in the (Mungolomya, Musole) and Ziziphus mau- near future. Apparently, the indigenous ritiana (Masau). In the Western Province of plant species are ecologically adapted to Podocarpus milanjianus

SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 79 Southern African Botanists’ @ E-mail Addresses@ The@ following list includes the e-mail LESOTHO MOZAMBIQUE addresses of staff working in some of the national/university herbaria, botany Herbarium: National University of LMA Herbarium departments, botanical gardens, and @ Lesotho (ROML) Mr Mario da Silva: @ biodiversity programmes of southern Mr Khotso Kobisi: [email protected] Africa. Thanks to all those who have sent [email protected] Ms Samira Izidine: their e-mail addresses to the editors for Ms Annah Moteetee: [email protected] OR inclusion in this list. [email protected] (currently studying [email protected] for a PhD at the Rand Afrikaans Ms Marta Manjate: PLEASE NOTE that this list is updated University) [email protected] OR for every issue of our newsletter. To avoid Ms Puleng Matebesi: [email protected] frustration and possible disappointment, [email protected] kindly use the most recent list available. LMU Herbarium: Eduardo Some of the addresses listed in previous Katse Botanical Garden Mondlane University editions of the newsletter may no longer Mr Tau Mahlelebe: Mr Salomão Bandeira: be relevant. [email protected] [email protected] Ms Filomena Barbosa: SPECIAL APPEAL: Should you be aware National Environment Secretariat ﬁ[email protected] of any changes to one or more of the ad- Mr Thulo Qhotsokoane: Mr Domingos Manguengue: dresses listed below, or would like to be [email protected] [email protected] added to the list, please notify Yolande Ms Carlota Quilambo: Steenkamp, [email protected] so that University Botanic Garden [email protected] the list can be updated regularly. Mr Moretloa Polaki: [email protected] Department of Biological Sciences: ANGOLA Eduardo Mondlane University MALAWI John Hatton: Agostinho Neto University [email protected] Dr Esperança Costa: National Herbarium (MAL) and [email protected] Botanic Gardens NAMIBIA OR [email protected] OR Prof. J.H. Seyani: [email protected] [email protected] (currently on leave National Botanical Research Dr Elissaveta Loutchanska: of absence at the Commonwealth Institute [email protected] Secretariat, London) Ms Patricia Craven: Ms Liz Matos: Dr Augustine Chikuni: [email protected] ﬁ[email protected] [email protected] Dr Gillian Maggs-Kölling: Ms Sonia Pereira: Mr Dickson Kamundi: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] General NBRI address: Mr Bintony Kutsaira: [email protected] BOTSWANA [email protected] Mr Zacharia Magombo: National Herbarium (WIND) National Botanical Garden [email protected] Ms Esmerialda Klaassen: Mr Diphetogo Menyatso: Ms Cecilia Nyirenda (nee Maliwichi): [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Ms Coleen Mannheimer: Mr Nonofo Mosesane: Ms Elizabeth Mwafongo (nee Mayaka): [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Mr Montfort Mwanyambo: National Botanic Garden National Herbarium (GAB) [email protected] Mr Tobias Angula: General address: Ms Gladys Msekandiana: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Mr Jameston Kamwendo: Vegetation Survey Peter Smith Herbarium (PSUB) [email protected] Mr Ben Strohbach: Mr Bongani Sethebe: General NHBG address: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Medicinal plants: National Plant Genetic Resources University of Botswana Herbarium [email protected] Centre (UCBG) Ms Herta Kolberg: Mr Mbaki Muzila: National Botanic Gardens of Malawi [email protected] [email protected] Mr Mphamba Kumwenda: Dr Moffat Setshogo: [email protected] Namibian Tree Atlas Project [email protected] Ms Barbara Curtis/Ms Coleen

80 SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 Mannheimer: [email protected] Ms Toni Shaide (Curator): [email protected] Mr Christopher Cupido: [email protected] [email protected] Polytechnic of Namibia Dr Peter Goldblatt: Herbarium Soutpansbergensis Mr Dave Joubert: [email protected] Mr Norbert Hahn: [email protected] Dr Hubert Kurzweil: [email protected] [email protected] SOUTH AFRICA Dr John Manning: Hermanus Herbarium [email protected] Ms Priscilla Drewe: ARC-Plant Protection Research Ms Fatima Parker: [email protected] Institute [email protected] Mr Alan Wood: Dr Ted Oliver: Jonkershoek Herbarium [email protected] [email protected] Ms Melanie Simpson: Dr John Rourke: [email protected] Bolus Herbarium (BOL): University [email protected] of Cape Town (includes Associated Dr Koos Roux: Karoo Desert National Botanical Staff) [email protected] Garden Mrs Anne Bean: Dr Dee Snijman: Mr Ian Oliver (Curator): [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] OR Dr Peter Bruyns: [email protected] [email protected] Department of Finance & Economic Dr Cornelia Klak: Development, Environmental Kimberley McGregor (KMG) [email protected] Affairs: Biodiversity Unit Museum Herbarium Prof. Anthony Hall: Mr Errol Moeng: Ms Tania Anderson (Curator): [email protected] moenget@ﬁnptb.norprov.gov.za [email protected] Mr Steven Hammer: Ms Annemarie van Heerden: [email protected] Donald Killick Herbarium, [email protected] Prof. Terry Hedderson: KwaZulu-Natal Nature Conservation [email protected] Service Kimberley South African National Mr Terry Trinder-Smith: Mr Rob Scott-Shaw: Parks Herbarium (KSAN) [email protected] [email protected] Dr Hugo Bezuidenhout: Dr Tony Verboom: [email protected] [email protected] Durban Botanic Gardens Dr Graham Williamson: Mr Martin Clement: Kirstenbosch National Botanical [email protected] [email protected] Garden Bolus Library: Mr Christopher Dalzell (Curator): Mr Graham Duncan: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Mr Barry Lang: Mr Philip le Roux (Curator): Buffelskloof Private Nature Reserve [email protected] [email protected] & Herbarium Mr Ernst van Jaarsveld: Mr John Burrows: Eco Assessments [email protected] OR [email protected] General e-mails to Eco Assessments: [email protected] (home) [email protected] Biotechnology & Environmental Mark Custers: Kirstenbosch Research Centre Specialist Consultancy cc. [email protected] Dr Neville Brown: Dr M R R Logie Christa Custers: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Mr J de Wet Bösenberg: Donette Ross: [email protected] C.E. Moss Herbarium (J): University [email protected] Dr John Donaldson: of the Witwatersrand Hulisani Mukwevho: [email protected] Prof. Kevin Balkwill: [email protected] Mr Barney Kgope: [email protected] [email protected] Ms Glynis Cron: Free State National Botanical Ms Boniswa Madikane: [email protected] Garden [email protected] Mr Donald McCallum: Mr Peter Gavhi (Curator): Dr Guy Midgley: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Mrs Reneé Reddy: Dr Charles Musil: [email protected] When sending mail to a staff member at the [email protected] Mr Ramagwai Sebola: Free State National Botanical Garden, insert Ms Ingrid Nänni: [email protected] the name of the person in the subject line. [email protected] Mr Les Powrie: Coastal & Environmental Services Gauteng Nature Conservation [email protected] Dr Ted Avis: Ms Michele Pfab: Dr Tony Rebelo: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Dr Mike Rutherford: Compton Herbarium (NBG) Harold Porter National Botanical [email protected] Ms Pascale Chesselet: Garden

SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 81 Lowveld National Botanical Garden Ms Antoinette Botha: National Museum Bloemfontein: Mr Rudi Britz (Curator): [email protected] Dr Ziets Zietsman: [email protected] Dr Christien Bredenkamp: [email protected] Mr Johan Hurter: [email protected] [email protected] Ms Priscilla Burgoyne: Peninsula Technikon: Department of Mr Willem Froneman: [email protected] Biological Sciences [email protected] Ms Carole de Wet: Mr JC Coetzee: [email protected] [email protected] When sending mail to a staff member at the Ms Emsie du Plessis: Lowveld National Botanical Garden, insert [email protected] Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African the name of the person in the subject line. Ms Lyn Fish: Ornithology: Tierberg Karoo fi[email protected] Research Centre field station Mpumalanga Parks Board: Mr Gerrit Germishuizen: Dr Sue Milton: Lydenburg [email protected] [email protected] Ms Sonnette Krynauw: Mr Hans Heilgendorf: [email protected] [email protected] Plant Genetic Resources Unit, Mr Mervyn Lotter: Ms Lesley Henderson: Agricultural Research Council [email protected] [email protected] Dr Roger Ellis: Mr Paul Herman: [email protected] Natal Herbarium (NH) [email protected] Ms Hassina Aboobaker: Ms Marie Jordaan: Potchefstroom University [email protected] [email protected] Dr Matt Buys: Dr Neil Crouch: Dr Marinda Koekemoer (Curator): [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Prof. Sarel Cilliers: Ms Zoleka Dimon: Ms Louisa Liebenberg: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Prof. Braam Pieterse: Mr Melusi Mazibuko: Ms Alice Masombuka: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Ms Meeta Nathoo: Mr Jean Meyer: PRECIS [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Mr Alfred Ngwenya: Ms Beverly Momberg: [email protected] [email protected] Pretoria National Botanical Garden Ms Yashica Singh (Curator): Dr Sarie Perold: Ms Karin Behr (Curator): [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Ms Rosemary Williams: Ms Julie Ready: General: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Ms Elizabeth Retief: Natal National Botanical Garden [email protected] Qwa Qwa Herbarium: University of Mr Brian Tarr (Curator): Mr Paulus Sebothoma: the Free State (Qwa Qwa Campus) [email protected] [email protected] Prof. Rodney Moffett: Mr John Roff: Ms Shirley Smithies: [email protected] OR [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Ms Hannelie Snyman: South African National Biodiversity [email protected] Rand Afrikaans University: Botany Institute Ms Christina Steyn: Department Prof. Brian Huntley: [email protected] Dr Patricia Tilney: [email protected] (CEO) Dr Elsie Steyn: [email protected] Prof. Gideon Smith: [email protected] Prof. Herman van der Bank: [email protected] (Chief Director: Dr Jacques van Rooy: [email protected] Research & Scientific Services) [email protected] Prof. Ben-Erik van Wyk: Mr Christopher Willis: Ms Helen van Rooyen: [email protected] [email protected] (Director: [email protected] Gardens & Horticultural Services) Ms Janine Victor: Range and Forage Institute, Dr Maureen Wolfson: [email protected] Agricultural Research Council [email protected] (Director: Ms Mienkie Welman: Dr Kathy Immelman: Research & Scientific Services) [email protected] [email protected]

National Herbarium (PRE) NBI Libraries: Rhodes University: Botany Dr John Anderson: Mary Gunn Library: Department [email protected] [email protected] Dr Nigel Barker: Ms Clare Archer: Librarian, Mary Gunn Library (Ms [email protected] [email protected] Estelle Potgieter), National Herbarium: Prof. CEJ Botha: Dr Robert Archer: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Librarian, Kirstenbosch (Ms Yvonne Prof. Roy Lubke: Mr Trevor Arnold: Reynolds): [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

82 SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 Dr Brad Ripley: Prof. William Bond: Dr RP Beckett: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Dr Jeremy Midgley: Mr Clinton Carbutt: Rondevlei Scientific Services [email protected] [email protected] Herbarium, Wilderness National Prof. Willie Stock: Dr TJ Edwards: Park, Sedgefield [email protected] [email protected] Dr Nick Hanekom: Ms CW Fennell: [email protected] University of Cape Town: [email protected] Dr Ian Russell: Department of Cell and Molecular Dr JF Finnie: [email protected] Biology fi[email protected] Ms Beate Sachse: Prof. Jill Farrant: Dr JE Granger: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Dr Brigitte Hamman: Prof. EF Hennessy: Saasveld Herbarium (SAAS): Port [email protected] [email protected] Elizabeth Technikon Dr Steven D Johnson: Mr Mike Cameron: University of Cape Town: Institute [email protected] [email protected] for Plant Conservation Ms NP Makunga: Mr Peet Peens (Curator): Dr Dave Richardson: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Ms Christina Potgieter: [email protected] H.G.W.J Schweickerdt Herbarium University of Durban-Westville: Dr MT Smith: (PRU): University of Pretoria Botany Department [email protected] Prof. Braam van Wyk: Prof. Snowy Baijnath: Prof. Hannes van Staden: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Prof. AD Barnabas: Scientific Services Herbarium, [email protected] University of the North: Botany Department of Water Affairs and Prof. G Naidoo: Department Forestry, Knysna [email protected] Mr Martin Potgieter: Mr Johan Baard (Curator): Dr Ashley Nicholas: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Mr Pieter Winter: Mr Rynhard Kok: Mr Pravin Poorun: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Dr Francois Smith: University of the Free State: Selmar Schonland Herbarium, [email protected] Department of Botany and Genetics Grahamstown Dr Andor Venter: Ms Estelle Brink: University of Natal-Durban: [email protected] [email protected] Biological Sciences Department Prof. Johan Venter: Mr Tony Dold: Prof. Alan Amory: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Prof. RL Verhoeven: Prof. Patricia Berjak: [email protected] Skukuza Herbarium (KNP), Kruger [email protected] National Park Dr Glen Campbell: University of Port Elizabeth: Botany Ms Guin Zambatis (Curator): [email protected] Department [email protected] Prof. John Cooke: Dr JB Adams: Mr Nick Zambatis: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Mr Bruce Page: Prof. Guy C Bate: [email protected] [email protected] Southern Cape Herbarium Prof. Norman Pammenter: Dr EE Campbell: Yvette van Wijk: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] OR yvwijk@pixie. Mr Herbert Sibiya: Dr DR du Preez: co.za [email protected] [email protected] Mr Dehn von Ahlefeldt: Mr PT Gama: Technikon Pretoria Herbarium [email protected] [email protected] Cecilia de Ridder: Dr Paula Watt: [email protected] [email protected] University of Pretoria: Botany Dawid du Plessis (Curator): Department [email protected] University of Natal-Durban: Prof. George Bredenkamp: Electron Microscope Unit, George [email protected] Umtamvuna Herbarium, Campbell Building Prof. Marion Meyer: Umtamvuna Nature Reserve Mr James Wesley-Smith: [email protected] Mr Tony Abbott: [email protected] Ms Franci Siebert: [email protected] [email protected] University of Natal- Dr Veldie van Greuning: University of Cape Town: Botany Pietermaritzburg: School of Botany [email protected] Department & Zoology Prof. Gretel van Rooyen: Prof. John Bolton: Ms Angela Beaumont: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 83 University of Pretoria: University of the Western Cape: ZAMBIA Pharmacology Department Botany Department Prof. JN Eloff: Dr Derek Keats: Forestry Herbarium (NDO) [email protected] [email protected] Mrs EN Chupa: Dr Richard Knight: [email protected] University of Stellenbosch: Botany [email protected] Noah Zimba: Department Lincoln M Raitt: [email protected] Dr Charlie Boucher: [email protected] [email protected] Mr Frans Weitz: Herbarium (UZL): University of Dr Leanne Dreyer: [email protected] Zambia [email protected] Ms Tasila Banda-Sakala Dr Karen Esler: University of the Western Cape: (currently studying at the Arizona [email protected] Department of Biotechnology State University, Phoenix, USA): Ms Lynn Hoffmann: Dr Gwen Koning: [email protected] OR tasa@tcsn. [email protected] [email protected] uswest.net OR [email protected]. Dr Bettie Marais: asu.edu [email protected] University of the Witwatersrand: Mr David Chuba: Prof. Valdon Smith: Department of Animal, Plant and [email protected] OR [email protected] Environmental Sciences [email protected] Dr Piet Vorster: Prof. Ed Witkowski: Dr Patrick Phiri: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] OR [email protected] University of Stellenbosch: University of Zululand: Department Biochemistry Department of Botany Munda Wanga Trust (Botanical Prof. Dirk U. Bellstedt: Prof. Daan Ferreira: Garden) [email protected] [email protected] Mr Douglas Gibbs: Mr Benny Bytebier: Ms Heleen de Wet: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Dr Stefan Siebert: Independent University of Stellenbosch: Botanic [email protected] Mr Mike Bingham: Garden Dr Alpheus Zobolo: [email protected] Mr Piet van der Merwe: [email protected] Mr Ernest Gondwe: [email protected] [email protected] Walter Sisulu National Botanical Ms Florence Nyirenda: Conservation Ecology Department, Garden [email protected] University of Stellenbosch Ms Sharon Turner (Curator): Benjamin A. Walton: [email protected] ZIMBABWE [email protected] Mr Andrew Hankey: [email protected] Bindura University of Science University of the Transkei: Botany General WNBG address: Education Department [email protected] Mr Alfred Maroyi: Prof. R Bhat: [email protected] bhatr@getafix.utr.ac.za Insert the name of the staff member you wish Dr Sizwe Cawe: to contact in the subject line. Biodiversity Foundation for Africa cawe@getafix.utr.ac.za Mr Jonathan Timberlake: RV Nikolova: SWAZILAND [email protected] nikolova@getafix.utr.ac.za National Herbarium (SDNH) Ewanrigg Botanic Garden University of North-West: Biological Mr Titus Dlamini (Curator): Mr Onias Ndoro: Sciences Department [email protected] [email protected] Mr David Phalatse: [email protected] This address can also be used to contact National Herbarium (SRGH) & Gideon Dlamini and Bongani Dlamini at the Botanic Garden University of Venda: Botany National Herbarium. Insert the name of the Mr Ezekeil Kwembeya: Department person in the subject line. [email protected] Mr Maanda Ligavha: Mr Claid Mujaju: ligavham/[email protected] Department of Biological Sciences: [email protected] Ms Colleen Todd: University of Swaziland Ms Nozipo Nobanda: todd_colleen/[email protected] Dr Ara Monadjem: [email protected] Mr Robert Tshivhandekano: [email protected] Mr Soul Shava: robie/[email protected] [email protected] Prof. Pablo Weisser: Independent Ms Ratidzayi (Rattie) Takawira: pablo/[email protected] Ms Linda Dobson: [email protected] (also [email protected] available through SRGH address) General SRGH address: [email protected]

84 SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 TEAM VUMBA: The Environmental ENGLAND GERMANY Association for Management of Vumba’s Unique Mountain IUCN: World Conservation Union Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena Biodiversity Areas Craig Hilton-Taylor: Dr Norbert Zimmermann: Dr Colin Saunders: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] (Euphorbiaceae, National History Museum, London Mesembryanthemaceae) University of Zimbabwe: George Lawson: Department of Biological Sciences [email protected] Hamburg University: Botanical Dr Shakkie Kativu: (Algae) Institute & Garden [email protected] Brian O’Shea: Prof. Dr HEK Hartmann: Dr Clemence Zimudzi: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] (Bryophytes) (Aizoaceae, Mesembryanthema) Dr Pia Parolin: University of Zimbabwe: Institute of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew [email protected] Environmental Studies Diane Bridson: (desert ecology, ecophysiology) Prof. Peter GH Frost: [email protected] Dr Joachim Thiede: [email protected] (Rubiaceae, Vahliaceae) [email protected] Dr Dick Brummitt: (Aizoaceae, Crassulaceae) Vumba Botanic Garden [email protected] Mr John Mapanga: Dr Thomas Cope: University of Bayreuth [email protected] [email protected] Prof. Sigrid Liede: (Poaceae) [email protected] Independent Dr Phillip Cribb: (Asclepiadaceae, Mr Mark Hyde: [email protected] Mesembryanthemaceae) [email protected] (Orchidaceae) Dr Ulrich Meve: Mr Michael Kimberley: Dr David Goyder: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] (Asclepiadaceae) Ms Meg Coates Palgrave: (Asclepiadaceae, Fabaceae) [email protected] Ms Yvette Harvey: NETHERLANDS Mr Darrel CH Plowes: [email protected] [email protected] (Capparaceae, Lamiaceae, Sapotaceae) Department of Plant Sciences, Mr Rob M Plowes: Dr Michael Lock: Wageningen University [email protected] [email protected] Ir Ben Groen: Dr Fay Robertson: (Fabaceae, Xyridaceae, Zingiberaceae) [email protected] [email protected] Dr Alan Paton: (Asphodelaceae, Ms Cathy Sharp: [email protected] Mesembryanthemaceae) [email protected] (Lamiaceae, Verbenaceae) Mr J.Folkert Aleva: Dr Sylvia Phillips: [email protected] Botanists Working on Southern [email protected] Prof. Dr LJG van der Maesen: African Plant Taxa (Eriocaulaceae, Poaceae) [email protected] Dr Gerald Pope: (Fabaceae, Mesembryanthemaceae) This section lists e-mail addresses of a few [email protected] Dr Ir Jan Wieringa: of the botanists living outside southern (Asteraceae) Herbarium Vadense (WAG) Africa that are working with southern Dr Brian Schrire: [email protected] African plant taxa. If you would like to be [email protected] (Fabaceae, Aphanocalyx, Bikinia, included in this list, please notify one of (Fabaceae, Rhamnaceae) Icuria, Monopetalanthus and the editors together with the names of the Dr Kaj Vollesen: Tetraberlinia) families/taxa you are working on. [email protected] (Acanthaceae: Blepharis, Duosperma) NEW ZEALAND AUSTRALIA Independent Victoria University, Wellington Queensland Herbarium, Toowong, Mrs Nikaya Govender: Mr Fanie Venter: Queensland [email protected] [email protected] Bryan Simon: (Amaryllidaceae, Liliaceae, [email protected] (w) OR Gentianaceae) NORWAY [email protected] (h) (Tropical grasses) FRANCE Agricultural University of Norway: Paul Forster: Department of Biology and Nature [email protected] (w) OR Muséum National d’Histoire Conservation [email protected] (h) Naturelle, Paris Prof. Kåre Lye: (Asphodelaceae, Alooideae) Mr Peter Phillipson: [email protected] [email protected] (Cyperaceae)

SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 85 Botanical Garden, University of Mr Mattias Iwarsson: (Molecular systematics and Oslo, Blindern [email protected] phylogeny of Aizoaceae s.l., Prof. Brita Stedje: (Lamiaceae, Leonotis) Aloaceae/Asphodelaceae, Cactaceae, [email protected] Didiereaceae, Nyctaginaceae, (Anthericaceae, Asphodelaceae, SWITZERLAND Phytolaccaceae, Portulacaceae) Hyacinthaceae) Botanical Institute, The Norwegian Institute for Systematic Botany, University of California: Jepson Arboretum, University of Bergen, University of Zürich Herbarium Hjellestad Prof. Christopher Cook: Bruce Baldwin: Dr Cornelis Berg: [email protected] OR [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] (Asteraceae: Blepharispermum, (Moraceae, Ulmaceae) (Hydrocharitaceae, Limnocharitaceae, Welwitschiella) Lythraceae, Podostemaceae, SCOTLAND Pontederiaceae) University of Missouri-Columbia: Prof. Peter Linder: Dunn-Palmer Herbarium (UMO) Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh [email protected] Dr Leszek Vincent: Dr Mary Gibby: (Restionaceae, Poaceae) [email protected] [email protected] Juerg Schoenenberger: (Asteraceae: Senecio, Iridaceae: (Geraniaceae) [email protected] (Penaeceae, Aristea) Oliniaceae, Rhynchocalycaceae) SWEDEN Independent UNITED STATES Mrs Mary Wilkins & Mr Anthon Ellert: Swedish Museum of Natural History OF AMERICA [email protected] Dr Mari Kallersjo: [email protected] Arkansas State University: Beebe WALES (Asteraceae, Myrsinaceae, Prof. Stephen Manning: Primulaceae) [email protected] National Botanic Garden of Wales Prof. Bertil Nordenstam: Dr Charles Stirton: [email protected] Bishop Museum (Department of [email protected] (Compositae, especially Senecioneae Natural Sciences): Hawaii (Fabaceae, Hyacinthaceae, Rosaceae, and Calenduleae, Syncarpha, Dr George Staples: Verbenaceae) Colchicaceae: Anticharis) [email protected] (Convolvulaceae) Last updated 18 July 2003 Uppsala University Prof. Kåre Bremer: Iowa State University: Department [email protected] of Botany (Ada Hayden Herbarium) (Asteraceae) Prof. Robert Wallace: [email protected]

In the January 2005 edition of SABONET News...

Special Edition:

• Important Plant Areas

• Centres of Plant Endemism and Diversity on the southern African sub-continent

Remember to send us your submis- sions before 30 November 2004!

86 SABONET News Vol. 9 No. 1 September 2004 About SABONET This publication is a product of the Southern African Botanical Diversity Network (SABONET), a programme aimed at strengthening the level of botanical expertise, expanding and improving herbarium and botanic garden collections, and fostering closer collaborative links among botanists in the southern African subcontinent.

The main objective of SABONET is to develop a strong core of professional botanists, taxonomists, horticulturists, and plant diversity specialists within the ten countries of southern Africa (Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, and Zimbabwe). This core group will be competent to inventory, monitor, evaluate, and conserve the botanical diversity of the region in the face of speciﬁc development challenges, and to respond to the technical and scientiﬁc needs of the Convention on Biological Diversity.

To enhance the human resource capacity and infrastructure available in the region, SABONET offers training courses, workshops, and collaborative expeditions in under-collected areas. The programme produces a newsletter, SABONET News, and a series of occasional publications, the Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report Series, of which this publication is part.

SABONET is co-funded by: • The United States Agency for International Development (USAID/World Conservation Union—Regional Ofﬁce for southern Africa (IUCN-ROSA) • The Global Environment Facility (GEF)/United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

For more information about our projects in southern Africa contact one of the following addresses:

General enquiries about SABONET Tel: (266) 311 767 Pretoria 0001 SABONET Coordinator Fax: (266) 310 506/321505 Tel: (27) 12 804 3200 c/o South African National Biodiversity Institute E-mail: [email protected] Fax: (27) 12 804 3211/5343 Private Bag X101 E-mail: [email protected] Pretoria 0001 MALAWI South Africa National Herbarium and Botanic Gardens of Malawi SWAZILAND Tel: (27) 12 804 3200 (Dr Zacharia Magombo) National Herbarium Fax: (27) 12 804 3211/5979 P.O. Box 528 (Mr Titus Dlamini) E-mail: [email protected] Zomba Malkerns Agricultural Research Station http://www.sabonet.org Tel: (265) 525 388/118/145 P.O. Box 4 Fax: (265) 524164/108 Malkerns ANGOLA E-mail: [email protected] Tel: (268) 52 82111/83017/83038 Luanda Herbarium Fax: (268) 52 83360/83490 (Prof. Esparança Costa) MOZAMBIQUE E-mail: [email protected] Universidade Agostinho Neto LMA Herbarium (Ms Samira Izidiné) Rua Fernando Pessoa No. 103 Instituto Nacional de Investigaçáo Agronómica ZAMBIA Villa Alice Caixa Postal 3658 Herbarium Caixa Postal 3244 Mavalane (Dr Patrick Phiri) Tel: (244) 2 336 168 Maputo Department of Biological Sciences Fax: (244) 2 336 168 Tel: (258) 1 460 255/130/190/097 University of Zambia E-mail: [email protected] Fax: (258) 1 460 074 P.O. Box 32379 E-mail: [email protected] Lusaka BOTSWANA Tel: (260) 1 293 158 Botswana National Museum NAMIBIA Fax: (260) 1 294806/253952 National Herbarium National Herbarium E-mail: [email protected] (Mr Nonofo Mosesane) (Dr Gillian Maggs-Kölling) Private Bag 00114 National Botanical Research Institute ZIMBABWE Gaborone Private Bag 13184 National Herbarium and Botanic Garden Tel: (267) 3973860/3974616 Windhoek (Ms Nozipo Nobanda) Fax: (267) 311186/3902797 Tel: (264) 61 202 2020 P.O Box A889 E-mail: [email protected] Fax: (264) 61 258 153 Avondale E-mail: [email protected] Harare LESOTHO Tel: (263) 4 708 938/744170/745230 National Environment Secretariat SOUTH AFRICA Fax: (263) 4 708 938 (Mr Thulo Qhotsokoane) National Herbarium E-mail: [email protected] Ministry of Environment (Prof. Gideon Smith) Private Bag A23 National Botanical Institute Maseru 100 Private Bag X101

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