Final Report Ecological Assessment for a Proposed Residential Development at the Kingswood Golf Course, Dingley Village
Prepared for
AS Residential Property No.1 Pty Ltd
August 2017
Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd
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DOCUMENT CONTROL
Assessment Ecological Assessment Address Kingswood Golf Course, Dingley Village Project number 8653 Project manager Aaron Organ (Director / Principal Ecologist) Report reviewer Andrew Hill (Director / Principal Ecologist) Other EHP staff Shannon LeBel (Consultant Botanist); Brigette Gwynne (Consultant Zoologist) Mapping Monique Elsley (GIS Coordinator), Chelsy Maloney (Research Assistant) File name 8653_EHP_FF_Kingswood_Updated_final_28072017.docx Client AS Residential Property No.1 Pty Ltd (ASRP1) Bioregion Gippsland Plain CMA Port Phillip and Westernport Council Kingston City Council
Comments updated Report versions Comments Date submitted by Draft 1 - - 4/10/2015 Update report with targeted Growling Grass Draft 2 AO, SLB 4/12/2015 Frog results Final Minor editing updates AO, CM February 2016 Updated development plan and required offsets, Draft 3 incorporating peer review comments (Monarch BG 21/07/2017 Environmental) Updated VBA Data, comments provided by A. Final RC, BG 02/08/2017 Martiniello (ISPT)
Acknowledgements We thank the following people for their contribution to the project:
Anna Martinello (ISPT), David Su and Chris Arnold (Robert Luxmoore Pty Ltd) and Tract Consultants for project information;
The Victorian Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning for access to ecological databases. Copyright © Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd This document is subject to copyright and may only be used for the purposes for which it was commissioned. The use or copying of this document in whole or part without the permission of Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd is an infringement of copyright. Disclaimer Although Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd have taken all the necessary steps to ensure that an accurate document has been prepared, the company accepts no liability for any damages or loss incurred as a result of reliance placed upon the report and its contents.
Ecological Assessment for a proposed Residential Development at Kingswood Golf Club, Dingley Village, Victoria 2
GLOSSARY
Acronym Description AVW Atlas of Victorian Wildlife CaLP Act Catchment and Land Protection Act 1994 CBD Central Business District CEMP Construction Environmental Management Plan CMA Catchment Management Authority CMP Conservation Management Plan DELWP Victorian Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning DoE Federal Department of the Environment DTPLI Victorian Department of Transport, Planning and Local Infrastructure EES Environment Effects Statement EPBC Act Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 EVC Ecological Vegetation Class FFG Act Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 FIS Flora Information System HabHa Habitat Hectare Habitat Hectare A unit of measurement which combines the condition and extent of native vegetation NES National Environmental Significance NVIM Tool Native Vegetation Information Management Tool (DELWP) PMST Protected Matters Search Tool (DoE) TRZ Tree Retention Zone VBA Victorian Biodiversity Atlas (DELWP)
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CONTENTS
SUMMARY ...... 7 1 INTRODUCTION ...... 10 1.1 Background ...... 10 1.2 Scope of Assessment ...... 10 1.2.1 Original ecological assessment and targeted Growling Grass Frog Surveys ...... 10 1.2.2 Permitted clearing of native vegetation - Biodiversity assessment guidelines ...... 10 1.2.3 Response to Peer Review (Monarc Environmental 2017) ...... 11 1.3 Study Area ...... 11 2 METHODS ...... 12 2.1 Desktop Assessment ...... 12 2.2 Nomenclature ...... 12 2.3 Site Assessment ...... 12 2.3.1 Targeted Growling Grass Frog Surveys ...... 13 2.4 Habitat Hectare Assessment ...... 13 2.5 Permitted Clearing Assessment (the Guidelines) ...... 13 2.5.1 Risk-based Pathway ...... 13 2.5.2 Vegetation Assessment ...... 14 2.5.3 Impact Minimisation ...... 14 2.5.4 Offset ...... 15 2.5.5 Biodiversity Impact and Offset Requirements (BIOR) Report ...... 15 2.6 Assessment Qualifications and Limitations ...... 15 3 RESULTS ...... 16 3.1 Flora ...... 16 3.1.1 Flora Species ...... 16 3.1.2 Ecological Vegetation Classes (EVC) ...... 16 3.1.3 Vegetation condition...... 16 3.1.4 Plains Grassy Woodland (EVC 55) ...... 17 3.1.5 Damp Sands Herb-rich Woodland (EVC 3) ...... 17 3.1.6 Scattered Trees ...... 17 3.1.7 Significant Flora Species ...... 18
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3.1.8 Significant Communities ...... 18 3.2 Fauna Species ...... 19 3.2.1 Fauna Habitats ...... 19 3.2.2 Habitat Connectivity ...... 21 3.2.3 Significant Fauna Species ...... 21 3.3 Sites of Biological Significance (BioSites)...... 23 4 RELEVANT LEGISLATION AND POLICY ...... 24 4.1 Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 ...... 24 4.1.1 World Heritage Properties and National Heritage Places ...... 24 4.1.2 Ramsar Wetlands of International Significance ...... 25 4.1.3 Listed flora and fauna species and ecological communities ...... 25 4.1.4 Listed Migratory and Marine Species ...... 25 4.1.5 Commonwealth Marine Area, Marine Parks and Nuclear Actions ...... 25 4.1.6 Implications ...... 25 4.2 Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 ...... 26 4.2.1 Implications ...... 27 4.3 Planning and Environment Act 1987 (Victoria) ...... 27 Local Planning Schemes ...... 27 4.3.1 Implications ...... 28 4.3.2 The Guidelines ...... 28 4.3.3 Implications ...... 28 4.4 Wildlife Act 1975 and Wildlife Regulations 2002 ...... 28 4.4.1 Implications ...... 29 4.5 Catchment and Land Protection Act 1994 ...... 29 4.5.1 Implications ...... 29 4.6 Water Act 1989 (Victoria) ...... 29 4.6.1 Implications ...... 30 5 PERMITTED CLEARING ASSESSMENT...... 31 5.1 Risk-based Pathway ...... 31 5.2 Offset Targets ...... 31 6 POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 32 6.1 Potential Ecological Impacts ...... 32 6.2 Avoid Impacts ...... 33
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6.3 Minimisation ...... 34 6.3.1 Minimisation Statement ...... 34 6.3.2 Measures to Minimise Impacts ...... 34 6.4 Offset Impacts ...... 36 6.4.1 State (The Guidelines) ...... 36 6.5 Ecological Improvements ...... 37 7 CONCLUSION ...... 37 REFERENCES ...... 39 FIGURES ...... 42 PLATES ...... 49 APPENDICES ...... 51 APPENDIX 1 ...... 52 Appendix 1.1 – Rare or Threatened Categories for Listed Victorian Taxa ...... 52 Appendix 1.2 – Defining Ecological Significance ...... 53 Appendix 1.3 – Defining Site Significance ...... 54 Appendix 1.4 – Vegetation Condition and Habitat Quality ...... 55 Appendix 1.5 – Offsets and Exemptions ...... 56 Appendix 1.6 – Tree Retention Zones ...... 58 APPENDIX 2 ...... 59 Appendix 2.1 – Flora Results ...... 59 Appendix 2.2 – Significant Flora Species ...... 62 Appendix 2.3 – Flora database results ...... 65 Appendix 2.4 –Tree Assessment ...... 66 APPENDIX 3 ...... 67 Appendix 3.1 – Fauna results ...... 67 Appendix 3.2 – Significant fauna results ...... 93 APPENDIX 4 ...... 100 Appendix 4.1 – Biodiversity Impact and Offset Report (BIOR), DELWP ...... 100
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SUMMARY
Introduction
Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd was engaged by AS Residential Property No.1 Pty Ltd (ASRP1) to undertake a flora and fauna assessment of the Kingswood Golf Club, Centre Dandenong Road, Dingley Village, Victoria. This site (hereafter referred to as the study area) is being investigated for potential residential development of the land. This report discusses the potential ecological and legislative implications associated with the development, along with measures to mitigate impacts to biodiversity values at the study area. Information presented within this report will be used to satisfy the relevant regulatory authorities as part of the future rezoning and proposed residential development of the study area.
Study Area The proposed subdivision is located at the Kingswood Golf Club, Dingley Village, Victoria, and is approximately 30 kilometres south-east of the Melbourne CBD. The study area is approximately 53.35 hectares in size and is surrounded by residential properties to the north, south and west, and vacant land adjacent to Spring Road to the east. Much of the study area is highly modified with fairways and greens dominated by exotic grass species. Both planted (native and introduced) and remnant vegetation form linear strips between fairways, with several artificial water bodies located throughout the study area.
Methods A desktop assessment was undertaken to review published ecological data and relevant documents, literature, legislation and relevant policies to the study area. This was followed by a site assessment to identify the ecological values present within the study area; specifically remnant native vegetation, flora and fauna species, ecological communities and habitats. In addition, targeted surveys for the nationally significant Growling Grass Frog were undertaken on 15 October 2015 and 30 November 2015.
Results Flora Ninety-seven flora species (38 indigenous and 58 exotic) were recorded in the study area during the field assessment. No nationally or state significant species were recorded, and no suitable habitat is considered to be present due to the highly modified condition of the site. No communities listed under the EPBC Act or FFG Act were recorded within the study area. Fauna Seventy fauna species comprising seven mammals (four introduced), 54 birds (six introduced), two reptiles, four frogs and three fish were recorded within the study area during the field assessment and targeted Growling Grass Frog surveys (i.e. nocturnal surveys). One species of national significance (Grey-headed Flying-fox) was recorded within the study area during the current assessments. The study area contains potential breeding and refuge habitat for the nationally
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significant Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis, although the species was not detected during the targeted surveys and therefore a resident population is not present. Other nationally and state significant species may occasionally visit the study area but are unlikely to be significantly impacted by the proposed development. Vegetation A total of 1.30 hectares of native vegetation was recorded within the study area within the Gippsland Plain bioregion, comprising:
0.41 hectares of Plains Grassy Woodland; and,
0.89 hectares of Damp Sands Herb-rich Woodland. A total of 34 scattered trees were recorded during the assessment, of which 25 will be impacted and offset as a result of the proposed development. The total of extent of proposed native vegetation to be removed as a result of the development is 2.686 ha including 0.927 hectares of remnant patches of vegetation and 25 scattered trees. Permitted Clearing Assessment The offset requirement for native vegetation removal is 0.095 General Biodiversity Equivalence Units (BEU). The specific-general offset test found that the proposal does not have a proportional impact on any rare or threatened species’ habitats above the threshold, and no specific offset obligations are generated by the current proposal.
Legislative and Policy Implications Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act - Commonwealth) The proposed action is unlikely to have a significant impact on any matter of NES. As such, a referral to the Commonwealth Environment Minister is unlikely to be required regarding matters listed under the EPBC Act. Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 (FFG Act - Victoria) There is suitable habitat within the study area for several species listed or protected under the FFG Act. However the study area is privately owned, as such a permit under the FFG Act is not required. Planning and Environment Act 1987 A Planning Permit from Kingston City Council is required to clear/remove any native vegetation from within the study area under Clause 52.17 of the Kingston Planning Scheme. DELWP will likely be the recommending authority for removal of vegetation within the study area. Other Legislation and Policy Implications relating to other local and State policy (Wildlife Act 1975, Catchment and Land Protection Act 1994, local government authorities) as well as additional studies or reporting that may be required (targeted surveys, Conservation Management Plan, Weed Management Plan, Construction Environment Managements Plan) are provided in Section 4.
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Table S1. Application requirements for a permit to remove native vegetation (Victoria Planning Provisions Clause 52.17 -3; DEPI 2013)
No. Application Requirement Response Application requirements for all applications: Kingswood Golf Club, Centre Dandenong Road, Dingley Village, Victoria. Kingston 1 The location of the site of native vegetation to be removed. City Council, Port Phillip and Westernport CMA. Total extent to be removed is 2.686 A description of the native vegetation to be removed, including the area of hectares (0.927 hectares remnant patch, 2 the patch of native vegetation and/or the number of any scattered trees to and 25 scattered trees). Details provided be removed. in Section 5 Maps or plans containing information set out in the Guidelines, Refer to Figures and BIOR report 3 (Department of Environment and Primary Industries, September 2013) (Appendix 4.1). 4 Recent dated photographs of the native vegetation to be removed. Refer to Plates. Topographic information, highlighting ridges, crests and hilltops, streams - and waterways, slopes of more than 20 percent, drainage lines, low lying Refer to Section 1.3 areas, saline discharge areas, and areas of existing erosion. 5 The risk-based pathway of the application to remove native vegetation. Moderate Where the purpose of removal, destruction or lopping of native vegetation 6 is to create defendable space, a statement is required that explains why Not applicable. removal, destruction or lopping of native vegetation is necessary. 7 A copy of any property vegetation plan that applies to the site. Not applicable. Details of any other native vegetation that was permitted to be removed on the same property with the same ownership as the native vegetation to be 8 Not applicable. removed, where the removal occurred in the five year period before the application to remove native vegetation is lodged. 9 The strategic biodiversity score of the native vegetation to be removed. 0.100
The offset requirements should a permit be granted to remove native General: 0.095 BEUs 10 vegetation. Specific: Not applicable. Additional application requirements for Moderate and High risk-based pathway applications: Refer to Section 3.1, Appendix 2.3 and 11 A habitat hectare assessment of the native vegetation to be removed. BIOR report (Appendix 4.1). A statement outlining what steps have been taken to minimise the impacts A minimisation statement is supplied at 12 of the removal of native vegetation on biodiversity. Section 6.1.3. The proposed removal of native An assessment of whether the proposed removal of native vegetation will vegetation is unlikely to have a 13 have a significant impact on Victoria’s biodiversity, with specific regard to significant impact on Victoria’s the proportional impact on habitat for any rare or threatened species. biodiversity (Section 6). It is anticipated that relevant offset An offset strategy that details how a compliant offset will be secured to obligations can be secured via an Over- 14 offset the biodiversity impacts of the removal of native vegetation. The-Counter (OTC) facility (Section 6.4.1.1).
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1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd was engaged by AS Residential Property No.1 Pty Ltd (ASRP1) to conduct an ecological assessment of a proposed residential development at the Kingswood Golf Club, Centre Dandenong Road, Dingley Village, Victoria. This site (hereafter referred to as the study area) is proposed for residential development. A flora and fauna assessment of the study area in 2013 was undertaken (Ecology and Heritage Partners 2013) and this report provides updated information to reflect changes in site conditions (ecological values across the study area) and changes in government policy since 2013. Information presented within this report will be used to satisfy the relevant regulatory authorities as part of the future rezoning and proposed residential development of the site.
1.2 Scope of Assessment
1.2.1 Original ecological assessment and targeted Growling Grass Frog Surveys The objectives of the assessment were to: Review the relevant flora and fauna databases and available literature;
Conduct a site assessment to identify flora and fauna values within the study area;
Undertake a targeted survey for the nationally significant Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis at artificial waterbodies within the study area;
Provide maps showing any areas of remnant native vegetation and locations of any significant flora and fauna species, and/or fauna habitat (if present);
Classify any flora and fauna species and vegetation communities identified or considered likely to occur within the study area in accordance with Commonwealth and State legislation; Document relevant environmental legislation and policy; and,
Document any opportunities and constraints associated with the proposed works.
1.2.2 Permitted clearing of native vegetation - Biodiversity assessment guidelines Where areas of remnant vegetation are present, the following tasks were completed to address requirements under the ‘Permitted clearing of native vegetation - Biodiversity assessment guidelines’ (the Guidelines) (DEPI 2013a):
A habitat hectare assessment of any areas of remnant native vegetation within the study area; Recommendations to address requirements under the Biodiversity Assessment Guidelines; and, Provision of offset targets for any native vegetation, scattered trees and habitat for rare or threatened species proposed to be lost as a result of the proposed works.
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1.2.3 Response to Peer Review (Monarc Environmental 2017) After the original ecological investigations were completed and submitted to Council at the time of the previous development plan (January 2016), ASRP1 received comments back form Council, including a peer review by Monarc Environmental (2017). Several key questions / areas of uncertainty were outlined in the peer review, including:
Minimisation statement; Growling Grass Frog survey methodology;
Likelihood of occurrence of several significant flora and fauna species;
Discrepancies with the Biodiversity Impact and Offset Requirements (BIOR) report; and, Discussion of potential impacts on habitat connectivity. The current report takes into consideration the request for further information from Council and has incorporated these into the relevant sections (Sections 2.3.1, 3.1.7, 5 and 6, Appendix 2.2 and 3.2) below.
1.3 Study Area
The proposed subdivision is located at the Kingswood Golf Club, Dingley Village, Victoria, and is approximately 30 kilometres south-east of the Melbourne CBD (Figure 1). The study area is approximately 53.35 hectares in size and is surrounded by residential properties to the north, south and west, and vacant land adjacent to Spring Rd to the east. Much of the study area is highly modified with fairways and greens dominated by exotic grass species. Both planted (native and introduced) and remnant vegetation form linear strips between fairways, with several artificial water bodies located throughout the study area. According to the Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning (DELWP) Biodiversity Interactive Map (DELWP 2017a), the study area is located within the Gippsland Plain bioregion which extends from Port Phillip Bay in the west, to Bairnsdale in the east, between the southern slopes of the Great Dividing Range and Wilsons Promontory; excluding the Strzelecki Ranges. The study area is within the jurisdiction of the Port Phillip and Westernport Catchment Management Authority and Kingston City Council. Under the City of Kingston Planning Scheme, the study area is currently zoned Special Use Zone – Schedule 1 (SUZ1), with a small rectangular section to the west zoned General Residential 3 Zone (GRZ3). A Special Building Overlay (SBO) applies to a small section of the north-west of the site.
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2 METHODS
2.1 Desktop Assessment
The following resources were reviewed prior to undertaking a site assessment: The Biodiversity Interactive Map (DELWP 2017a) and DELWP’s Native Vegetation Information Management (NVIM) Tool (DELWP 2017b) and for: o Modelled data for location risk, remnant vegetation patches, scattered trees and habitat for rare or threatened species; and, o The extent of historic and current EVCs.
EVC benchmarks (DELWP 2017c) for descriptions of EVCs within the relevant bioregion; The VBA (DELWP 2017d), Flora Information System of Victoria (IFLISV) (Gullan 2017) and Atlas of Victorian Wildlife (AVW) (Viridans 2015) for documented flora and fauna records within and surrounding the study area;
The Department of the Environment and Energy (DoEE) Protected Matters Search Tool (PMST) for matters of National Environmental Significance (NES), including listed flora and fauna species, ecological communities, and Ramsar wetlands, protected under the Environment Protection Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) within the local area (DoEE 2017);
The Planning Schemes Online maps (DELWP 2017e) and Planning Schemes Online (DELWP 2017f) to ascertain current zoning and environmental overlays in the study area;
Relevant reports, documents and literature (Homewood Consulting 2015; Tree Works 1992);
Aerial photography of the study area, and; Relevant federal and state legislation and policies.
2.2 Nomenclature
Vegetation community names follow DELWP’s Ecological Vegetation Class (EVC) benchmarks (DELWP 2017c). Common and scientific names of vascular plants follow the Victorian Biodiversity Atlas (VBA) (DELWP 2017d).
2.3 Site Assessment
A flora assessment was conducted by a qualified botanist on 14 August 2015. The study area was traversed on foot and golf cart, a list of vascular flora species was compiled (Appendix 2.1) and, EVCs were determined with reference to the pre-1750 and extant mapping (DELWP 2017a) as well as the EVC descriptions (DELWP 2017c). Vegetation was mapped onto aerial photography of the study area. For the purposes of this assessment, all planted trees were not recorded as they are exempt from requiring a permit for removal under 52.17.
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A fauna assessment was conducted by a qualified ecologist on 14 August 2015. The study area was traversed on foot and by golf cart, with all fauna observed or heard being recorded. Passive observation (e.g. use of binoculars, call recognition) and active searching (e.g. rock and log rolling) techniques were employed. Other evidence of fauna activity such as feathers, scats, scratching, diggings, burrows and nests were noted. Potential habitat for fauna was documented and assessed for quality, with a particular emphasis on habitats that may provide shelter, food or other resources for significant species.
2.3.1 Targeted Growling Grass Frog Surveys Targeted surveys for the nationally significant Growling Grass Frog (listed under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999) were undertaken within all waterbodies in the study area on 15 October 2015 and 30 November 2015 (Figure 2). Growling Grass Frog Surveys were undertaken in accordance with the methods outlined in Significant Impact Guidelines for the Vulnerable Growling Grass Frog (DEHWA 2009). Two Zoologists experienced in amphibian surveys, including for significant species such as the Growling Grass Frog, conducted nocturnal surveys during warm conditions (>15°C) and during the species’ active calling season. Spotlighting and active searching was undertaken during the survey, both of which are reliable techniques used to detect the species. Call playback was also completed at each location to elicit a response. All frog species that were identified during the targeted surveys were recorded, and the GPS location of any Growling Grass Frog observed was taken.
2.4 Habitat Hectare Assessment
A habitat hectare assessment was undertaken concurrently with the flora assessment. The vegetation within the study area was assessed according to the habitat hectare methodology (DSE 2004), with areas of differing quality and/or EVC type scored against the relevant EVC Benchmarks. EVCs were determined by reference to pre-1750 and extant (2005) EVC mapping and their published descriptions and benchmarks (DELWP 2017c). The significance assessment criteria of taxa and vegetation communities are presented in Appendix 1.
2.5 Permitted Clearing Assessment (the Guidelines)
The following describes the assessment process for the clearing of vegetation in accordance with ‘Permitted clearing of native vegetation - Biodiversity assessment guidelines’ (the Guidelines) (DEPI 2013a).
2.5.1 Risk-based Pathway The Guidelines manage the impacts on biodiversity from native vegetation removal using a risk-based approach. Two factors – extent risk and location risk – are used to determine the risk associated with an application for a permit to remove native vegetation. The location risk (A, B or C) has been determined for all areas in Victoria and is available on DELWP’s NVIM Tool (DELWP 2017b). Determination of risk-based pathway is summarised below (Table 1).
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Table 1. Risk-based pathways for applications to remove native vegetation (DEPI 2013a)
Location Extent A B C < 0.5 hectares Low Low High Native Vegetation ≥ 0.5 hectares and < 1 hectare Low Moderate High ≥ 1 hectare Moderate High High < 15 scattered trees Low Moderate High Scattered Trees ≥ 15 scattered trees Moderate High High Notes: For the purpose of determining the risk-based pathway of an application to remove native vegetation the extent includes any other native vegetation that was permitted to be removed on the same contiguous parcel of land with the same ownership as the native vegetation to be removed, where the removal occurred in the five year period before an application to remove native vegetation is lodged.
2.5.2 Vegetation Assessment Native vegetation (as defined in Table 2) is assessed using two key parameters: extent (in hectares) and condition. Extent is determined through a site assessment. The condition score for Moderate and High Risk-based pathways must be assessed through a habitat hectare1 assessment conducted by a qualified ecologist. The condition score for Low Risk-based pathways may be based on either modelled data available on the NVIM Tool (DELWP 2017b), or through a habitat hectare assessment. The methodology for undertaking a habitat hectare assessment is described in the Vegetation Quality Assessment Manual (DSE 2004).
Table 2. Assessment of remnant native vegetation (DEPI 2013a)
Category Definition Extent Condition An area of native vegetation where at least 25 per cent of the total perennial understorey plant cover is native plants. Measured in hectares. Vegetation Quality Remnant patch of OR Assessment Manual native vegetation Based on hectare area of An area with three or more native canopy the remnant patch. (DSE 2004). trees where the canopy foliage cover is at least 20 per cent of the area. Measured in hectares. Scattered trees are A native canopy tree that does not form part Scattered tree Each scattered tree is assigned a default of a patch. assigned an extent of 0.071 condition score of 0.2. hectares (30m diameter). Notes: Native vegetation is defined in the Victoria Planning Provisions as ‘plants that are indigenous to Victoria, including trees, shrubs, herbs and grasses’.
2.5.3 Impact Minimisation Applications under the Moderate and High risk-based pathways must include a statement outlining steps taken to minimise the impact of the removal of native vegetation on Victoria’s biodiversity, along with an
1 A ‘habitat hectare’ is a unit of measurement which combines the condition and extent of native vegetation.
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assessment of whether the proposed removal of native vegetation will have a significant impact on Victoria’s biodiversity (DEPI 2013). The impact minimisation statement is provided in Section 6.3.
2.5.4 Offset Offsets are divided into two categories: General and Specific. Specific offsets are required when the removal of native vegetation has a significant impact on habitat for a rare or threatened species2. Otherwise, a General offset is required. Offset obligations and offset site criteria are determined in accordance with the Guidelines (DEPI 2013a) and summarised in Appendix 1.5.1 and Appendix 1.5.2.
2.5.5 Biodiversity Impact and Offset Requirements (BIOR) Report The offset requirements for native vegetation removal are calculated by DELWP, based on the vegetation condition scores determined during the biodiversity assessment. The resulting Biodiversity Impact and Offset Requirements report (BIOR) produced by DELWP is presented below (Appendix 4).
2.6 Assessment Qualifications and Limitations
The survey was undertaken during the period considered suboptimal for a flora and fauna survey (late winter). Surveys undertaken during this period are outside the optimal flowering time for many flora species. This reduces the likelihood of detecting all seasonally emergent species and impedes grass and shrub identification due to absence of flowering material and seeds. However, the majority of the species present within the study area are exotic, planted or were identifiable through other vegetative characteristics, and therefore given the site conditions (i.e. lack of native understorey) the season when the site assessment was undertaken in not considered to be a major limitation. In addition, a number of fauna species, including highly seasonal species, may have been missed. However, given the type of habitats present within the study area, only a small number of additional common fauna species (i.e. principally birds adapted to modified environments) are likely to have been recorded if the survey was undertaken over a longer duration. Notwithstanding the above, terrestrial flora and fauna data collected during the field assessments, and information obtained from relevant sources (e.g. biological databases and relevant literature) provides an accurate assessment of the ecological values within the study area, and likely and potential impacts on ecological values associated with the proposed development.
2 Only species listed as ‘critically endangered’, ‘endangered’, ‘vulnerable’ or ‘rare’ on DEPI’s advisory lists (DSE 2005; DSE 2013) for flora and fauna are considered a rare or threatened species.
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3 RESULTS
3.1 Flora
3.1.1 Flora Species Ninety-seven flora species (38 indigenous and 59 exotic) were recorded in the study area during the field assessment (Appendix 2.1). It should be noted that previous surveys of the study area undertaken by the Green Infrastructure Research Group (University of Melbourne) identified a number of additional flora species. As these additional species are not considered significant under local, state or federal legislation, they have not been considered further.
3.1.2 Ecological Vegetation Classes (EVC) DELWP modelled (pre-1750) EVC mapping for the region shows that the study area and surrounds would have been dominated by Plains Grassy Woodland (EVC 55) and Damp Sands Herb-rich Woodland (EVC 3). Extant DELWP mapping shows small patches of Plains Grassy Woodland (EVC 55) and Damp Sands Herb- rich Woodland (EVC 3) modelled as present in fragmented patches to the north, east and south of the study area, with the surrounding areas almost devoid of remnant vegetation. The field assessment identified both Plains Grassy Woodland and Damp Sands Herb-rich Woodland EVCs within the study area (Figure 2).
3.1.3 Vegetation condition The study area is highly modified and is dominated by linear strips of tree vegetation with an understory that has been cleared/slashed between fairways and greens. Much of this vegetation comprises planted exotic and non-indigenous native trees and shrubs. Indigenous understory species are scattered in low densities and are likely to have naturally grown from the soil seed bank. Remnant vegetation is primarily restricted to low numbers of scattered trees throughout the study area, largely comprising River Red-gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Rough-barked Manna Gum Eucalyptus viminalis subsp. pryoriana. Small isolated patches of remnant Damp Sands Herb-rich Woodland (EVC 3) occur in the north and south of the study area, and these areas contain a moderate cover and low diversity of indigenous shrubs, grasses and ferns. All patches of Plains Grassy Woodland (EVC 55) were identified by the 20% canopy cover of three or more indigenous canopy trees. The understory of these patches is highly modified. Thirteen patches of remnant vegetation are present throughout the study area, and the majority of these patches are routinely slashed as part of the maintenance of the golf course. The vegetation types within the study area vary from poor condition (i.e. open fairways) to moderate condition (i.e. intact areas of remnant vegetation). Ecological features recorded in the study area are shown below (Figure 2).
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3.1.4 Plains Grassy Woodland (EVC 55) Plains Grassy Woodland is described as open eucalypt woodland to 15 metres tall occurring on a wide range of soil and geology types. It often occupies poorly drained, fertile soils on undulating plains at low elevations. The understory consists of a few sparse shrubs over a species-rich grass and herbaceous ground-layer. Seven remnant patches of Plains Grassy Woodland were recorded in the study area (Figure 2). These patches had an overstorey dominated by River Red-um, and a highly modified understory which lacked shrubs, and was dominated by exotic grasses or bare ground. Scattered indigenous grasses and herbs, including Grey Tussock-grass Poa sieberiana, Common Grass-sedge Carex breviculmis, and Kidney Weed Dichondra repens persisted in low densities at the base of many trees. These patches contained a high cover of exotic herbaceous species in the understory including Couch grass Cynodon dactylon, Panic Veldt-grass Ehrharta erecta, Cat’s Ear Hypochoeris radicata and Ribwort Plantago lanceolata. An extensive cover of planted exotic and non-indigenous species was also present in and around these remnant patches, including Southern Mahogany Eucalyptus botryoides, Southern Blue Gum Eucalyptus globulus, Sugar Gum Eucalyptus cladocalyx and Lemon-scented Gum Eucalyptus citriodora in the overstorey, and European Ash Fraxinus excelsior, Cootamundra Wattle Acacia baileyana, Giant Honey- myrtle Melaleuca armillaris, and Mirror Bush Coprosma repens in the understory.
3.1.5 Damp Sands Herb-rich Woodland (EVC 3) Damp Sands Herb-rich Woodland is described as a low grassy or bracken dominated eucalypt woodland to 15 metres tall, with a species rich shrub and ground layer. It usually occurs on flat or undulating areas of moderately fertile, well drained, deep, sandy topsoils which occur over heavier subsoil (Plate 1). Six remnant patches of Damp Sands Herb-rich Woodland were recorded in the study area (Figure 2). These patches had an overstorey dominated by Rough-barked Manna Gum, and a highly modified understory containing few remnant shrubs, and dominated by exotic grasses or bare ground. Indigenous shrubs recorded included Silver Banksia Banksia marginata, Common Beard-heath Leptospermum myrsinoides and Showy Bossiaea Bossiaea cinerea, with grasses and herbs in the ground layer comprising Grey Tussock- grass, Forest Wire-grass Tetrarrhena juncea, Kidney Weed, Austral Bracken, and Wattle-headed Mat-rush Lomandra filiformis. As with all other areas of the study area, a high number of planted exotic and non-indigenous vegetation was present in and around these remnant patches, including Southern Mahogany, Radiata Pine Pinus radiata, Monterey Cypress Cupressus microcarpa, and Spotted Gum Eucalyptus maculate in the overstorey, and Coast Tea-tree Leptospermum laevigatum, Coast Wattle Acacia longifolia, Pincushion Hakea Hakea laurina, Totem-poles Melaleuca decussata and Sweet Pittosporum Pittosporum undulatum in the understory.
3.1.6 Scattered Trees The study area supports 34 scattered trees, with size classes ranging from small to very large (Figure 2; Appendix 2.3) (Plate 2, 3, 4). Three species of remnant canopy tree were recorded, comprising Rough- barked Manna Gum, River Red-gum and Narrow-leaf Peppermint Eucalyptus radiata.
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A large number of indigenous trees had been planted for amenity purposes along fairways (i.e. exempt from requiring a permit/offsets to remove), so it was sometimes difficult to determine whether small indigenous trees had been planted, or had grown naturally from seed. In general, all small indigenous trees were considered planted if they were within plantings (e.g. along fairways) and not near larger indigenous trees. Small indigenous trees were given the benefit of the doubt and not considered planted in this assessment if they were near larger indigenous trees.
3.1.7 Significant Flora Species
3.1.7.1 National No nationally significant flora species were recorded within the study area during this assessment, however eight flora species listed under the EPBC Act have previously been recorded within 10 kilometres of the study area (DELWP 2017d; DoEE 2017) (Figure 3; Appendix 2.2). An additional four species, not previously documented within the local area, also have habitat that potentially occurs within the vicinity of the study area (DoEE 2017). The likelihood of occurrence of nationally threatened flora species within the study area is outlined in Appendix 2.2. No suitable habitat is considered to occur for any nationally significant species due to the highly modified condition of the study area.
3.1.7.2 State No state significant flora species were recorded within the study area during this assessment; however, according to the VBA (DELWP 2017d) 39 flora species have previously been recorded within 10 kilometres of the study area (Figure 3; Appendix 2.2). The likelihood of occurrence of State significant flora species within the study area is outlined in Appendix 2.2. Potentially suitable habitat is considered to occur for one State significant species (Veined Spear Grass Austrostipa rudis subsp. australis) in areas along the edge of fairways and in less disturbed areas within the study area. However, this species was not identified during the site assessment by Ecology and Heritage Partners and has not previously been recorded within the study area during previous ecological investigations undertaken by Green Infrastructure Research Group (University of Melbourne) (Monarc Environmental 2017); therefore it is considered to have low likelihood of occurrence. Based on a peer review by Monarc Environmental (2017) (Page 10 and 11) it was stated that there is potentially suitable habitat for several State significant species, namely Large White Spider Orchid Caladenia venusta, Fringed Midge-orchid Corunastylis ciliate, Purple Diuris Diuris punctata var. punctataI, Prawn Greenhood Pterostylis pedoglossa. However, given the lack of suitable habitats (i.e. moderate to high quality remnant understorey), the absence of documented records within, and in similar adjacent habitats in the local area, there is a very low likelihood that these species or any other State significant flora species have the potential to occur within the study area.
3.1.8 Significant Communities No ecological communities listed under the EPBC Act or the FFG Act were recorded within the study area. Two FFG Act listed communities, Central Gippsland Plains Grassland and Forest Red Gum Grassy Woodland, are modelled as occurring within the north-west of the study area (DELWP 2017a). However, based on the
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descriptions of these communities (DSE 2003), and the modified condition of the site, these communities were not present.
3.2 Fauna Species
Seventy fauna species comprising seven mammals (four introduced), 54 birds (six introduced), two reptiles, four frogs and three fish were recorded within the study area during the field assessment and targeted Growling Grass Frog surveys (i.e. nocturnal surveys) (Appendix 3.1). It should be noted that previous surveys of the study area undertaken by the Green Infrastructure Research Group (University of Melbourne) identified at least nine species of microbat in addition to a range of common bird and insect species. As these additional species are not considered significant under local, state or federal legislation, they have not been considered further.
3.2.1 Fauna Habitats The study area supports four broad habitat types: patches of remnant woodland; corridors of planted trees and shrubs; artificial waterbodies and introduced grassland. Hollow-bearing trees are a prominent feature of the first two habitat types, with large numbers of these (more than 90) being counted during the current assessment. Patches of remnant woodland (Corresponding EVCs: Plains Grassy Woodland (EVC 55) and Damp Sands Herb- rich Woodland (EVC 3) Overall habitat value – Patches of remnant woodland throughout the study area are of moderate to high value for fauna. Description – A number of small patches of Plains Grassy Woodland and Damp Sands Herb-rich Woodland occur throughout the study area in association with planted vegetation between the fairways. These remnant patches generally had an overstorey of mature indigenous eucalypts. The shrub layer density varied between patches, being absent in some areas whilst other patches contained scattered indigenous shrubs and planted non-indigenous shrubs at varying densities. The ground cover in these patches ranged between mulched areas with little vegetative cover to areas with a high density of low vegetation. Terrestrial fauna - Remnant trees throughout the study area act as important foraging habitat for many bird species including; cockatoos, parrots, lorikeets and honeyeaters, especially when in flower, as they provide an important nectar resource. The nationally-significant Grey-headed Flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus and Swift Parrot Lathamus discolor may occasionally forage within these areas. Mature eucalypts within these areas provide a diversity of small, medium and large hollows as well as, other refuge including fissures, crevices and ribbons of bark. Such features may provide important habitat for local hollow-nesting birds and mammals (e.g. Crimson Rosella, Sulphur-crested Cockatoo Cacatua galerita; Common Brush Tail Possum Trichosurus vulpecula) and some bat species (e.g. Gould’s Wattled Bat Chalinolobus gouldii). Hollow-bearing trees in these patches showed signs of extensive use by fauna, with scratches and other marks evident on the trunks and around the hollows. Where present, the shrub layer provides suitable foraging, nesting and refuge habitat for small insectivorous birds. However, during the current assessment few small birds were observed. This is likely to be due to a high abundance of Noisy Miners Manorina melanocephala within the study area which are
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known activity exclude other small birds. Microbats are likely to forage for insects within and around these areas. Corridors of Planted Trees and Shrubs Overall habitat value – Habitat value for planted vegetation ranges from low for immature plantings to high for plantings with mature trees. Description – Corridors of planted non-indigenous native trees and shrubs were present between the fairways and around the boundary of the study area. These areas were dominated by an overstorey of planted non-indigenous eucalypts and exotic trees, many of which were well established. A large proportion of the planted Southern Mahogany are mature and hollow-bearing. Scattered mature remnant trees also occurred throughout these corridors. The mid-storey in these areas was composed of a variety of planted shrubs varying densities. The ground layer varied between mulched areas, grassy areas with a high weed cover and areas with ground cover plantings. Terrestrial fauna – Trees within these areas provide foraging and nesting resources for a variety of bird species including parrots, honeyeaters and wattlebirds. During the current assessment large numbers of Rainbow Lorikeet Trichoglossus haematodus were observed foraging in these areas. Grey-headed Flying- fox and Swift Parrot may occasionally forage on flowering eucalypts within these areas. The high abundance of hollow-bearing Southern Mahogany provide important habitat for local hollow- dependent birds and mammals including parrots, possums and microbats. Hollow-bearing trees in this vegetation showed signs of extensive use by fauna, with scratches and other marks evident on the trunks and around the hollows. Microbats are likely to forage within and around this vegetation. As mentioned above, whilst the low-growing shrubs provide suitable habitat for smaller passerine species, the study area was depauperate in these species, probably due to the high abundance of Noisy Miners. Common reptiles including small skinks and Blue-tongued Lizard Tiliqua spp. may occur within these areas. Artificial Waterbodies
Overall habitat value – Artificial waterbodies such as ponds and dams are considered to provide moderate to high habitat value fauna species within the study area, particularly frogs. Description – Several artificial waterbodies and small drains were present within the study area. This included a large irrigation dam in the centre of the study area, a large constructed pond on the north-west border of the study area and two water hazard ponds within the course (Figure 2). These waterbodies had a low to moderate cover of aquatic vegetation. The edges of the waterbodies were generally fringed with introduced grasses, with scattered Tall Rush Juncus procerus and small stands of emergent Bulrush Typha spp. Little submerged or floating vegetation was present within the dam and ponds. Piled stones were present on the edges of the waterbodies in some areas. Additionally two minor drains were present, both of which contained water at the time of the assessment. These drains were largely choked with vegetation including Kikuyu Pennisetum clandestinum, Common Reed Phragmites australis and Arum Lily Zantedeschia aethiopica. The water within these waterbodies comes from harvested storm water which is stored in a natural aquifer beneath the golf course (Smart Water Fund 2012) Terrestrial fauna – The artificial waterbodies within the study area provide habitat for locally common waterbirds. During the current assessment Australian Wood Duck Chenonetta jubata, Pacific Black Duck Anas superciliosa, Eurasian Coot Fulica atra and Purple Swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio were observed
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using these habitats. The artificial waterbodies currently provide habitat for a small number of native and exotic (i.e. European Carp) fish species. Introduced Grassland
Overall habitat value – This habitat is considered to be of low habitat value for fauna.
Description – Open fairways and greens, consisting of manicured lawns of introduced grasses occurred over the majority of the study area. Terrestrial fauna – Few native species are likely to use this habitat, apart from common birds adapted to modified habitats such as Australian Magpie Gymnorhina tibicen, Little Raven Corvus mellori and Crested Pigeon Ocyphaps lophotes. Large numbers of Welcome Swallow Petrochelidon neoxena were observed foraging for insects over these areas and flocks of Eurasian Coot were seen grazing on the fairways.
3.2.2 Habitat Connectivity
While the study area is not connected to larger areas of intact vegetation, it is considered to provide a “stepping stone” for mobile fauna moving throughout the landscape between areas of higher habitat value (i.e. Braeside Park and Heatherton Park etc.). An indication of the extent of available fauna habitat in the local area (i.e. similar or higher quality than what is located within the study area) is shown in Figure 6. The removal of planted vegetation is likely to have more localised impacts on the resident fauna population. This habitat resource is not limiting in the local area, with similar habitats present in the surrounding golf courses and urban parkland environments. More mobile fauna species that may use the study area as a “stepping stone” are likely to utilise these areas and therefore proposed removal of vegetation within the study area is not likely to have significant impacts to fauna populations on a regional scale.
3.2.3 Significant Fauna Species
3.2.3.1 National One nationally significant fauna species (Grey-headed Flying-fox) was recorded within the study area during the current survey. According to the VBA (DELWP 2017d), no nationally significant fauna species have been documented within the study area, however, an additional 25 species have been recorded within 10 kilometres and an additional 20 species (and/or suitable habitat) have been identified as having the potential to occur within this radius (DoE 2015) (Figure 4, Appendix 3.2). The likelihood of occurrence of nationally significant fauna species within the study area is outlined in Appendix 3.2. Based on the number and location of recent records, landscape context, habitat present within the study area and habitat requirements of these nationally significant species; most are considered unlikely to reside in or rely upon the study area, or to be significantly impacted upon by the proposed development. Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis Growling Grass Frog is listed as Vulnerable under the EPBC Act, Vulnerable under a National Action Plan, Threatened under the FFG Act and Endangered in the Advisory List of Threatened Vertebrate Fauna in Victoria (DSE 2013).
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Twenty-one VBA records (the most recent in 2006) of Growling Grass Frog exist within 10 kilometres of the study area (Appendix 3.2) the closest of which is around 1.6 kilometres south of the study area in 1990 (Figure 4). More recent nearby records for the species, from 2009, occur from the Spring Valley Golf Course in Clayton South, around 1.2 kilometres north of the study area. These records were collected during the Melbourne Water Frog Census (Ecology Partners Pty Ltd 2010) and are not yet in the VBA. The constructed waterbodies within the study area provide potential moderate quality refuge and breeding habitat for the species (Figure 2). Targeted surveys for the nationally significant Growling Grass Frog were undertaken on 15 October 2015 and 30 November 2015. Despite the surveys being undertaken during optimal conditions, and the site containing suitable habitat, Growling Grass Frog were not recorded, and it is therefore considered that a resident population is not present. Grey-headed Flying Fox Pteropus poliocephalus Grey-headed Flying Fox is listed as Vulnerable under the EPBC Act, Vulnerable under a National Action Plan, Threatened under the FFG Act and Vulnerable in the Advisory List of Threatened Vertebrate Fauna in Victoria (DSE 2013). Fifteen VBA records (the most recent in 2014) occur within 10 kilometres of the study area (Appendix 3.2) the closest of which was around 4.5 kilometre north-east of the study area (in 2004) (Figure 4). Suitable foraging habitat for Grey-headed Flying Fox is present (temporarily) within the study area when the mature Eucalypts are in flower. Two individuals were observed flying over the study area during the nocturnal surveys undertaken for the Growling Grass Frog (i.e. 30 November 2015), although it is considered unlikely that the Melbourne population of this species relies upon the study area for survival or persistence (i.e. no camp sites or high quality foraging and roosting habitat). Swift Parrot Lathamus discolor Swift Parrot is listed as Endangered under the EPBC Act, Endangered under a National Action Plan, Threatened under the FFG Act and Endangered in the Advisory List of Threatened Vertebrate Fauna in Victoria (DSE 2013). Forty VBA records (the most recent in 2008) of Swift Parrot exist within 10 kilometres of the study area (Appendix 3.2) with the closest being around 1.4 kilometres south of the study area (in 1990) (Figure 4). Suitable foraging habitat for Swift Parrot is present (again temporally) within the study area when the mature eucalypts are in flower. During their movements through the landscape in March to June, individuals may visit to forage within the study area however it is considered unlikely that the species relies upon the study area for survival or persistence. The likelihood of occurrence for the remaining nationally significant species previously recorded within the local area is provided below (Appendix 3.2).
3.2.3.2 State One State significant fauna species (Hardhead Aythya australis) was recorded within the study area during the current survey. Hardhead is listed as vulnerable in Victoria (DSE 2013). This medium-sized duck prefers aquatic environments, especially deep water in large permanent wetlands with stable conditions and abundant aquatic flora, particular deep swamps, lakes, billabongs, pools and creeks (Marchant and Higgins 1990). Due to the small size and general paucity of aquatic vegetation, waterbodies within the study area are likely to represent low quality foraging habitat for Hardhead. The development of the study area will
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involve the retention of most waterbodies within the study area and the augmentation of extent and habitat quality of some existing waterbodies. Therefore, it is considered unlikely that Hardhead will be significantly impacted by the proposed development. According to the VBA (DELWP 2017d), one State significant fauna species has been documented within the study area (Lace Goanna Varanus varia in 1971 – now unlikely to occur in the area) and 51 species have been recorded within ten kilometres (Appendix 3.2). Based on the number and location of recent records, landscape context, habitat present within the study area and habitat requirements of these State significant species; most are not considered likely to reside in or rely upon the study area, or to be significantly impacted upon by the proposed development. However, some water-dependent birds including the aforementioned Hardhead, Australasian Shoveler Anas rhynchotis, Blue-billed Duck Oxyura australis and Eastern Great Egret Ardea modesta may occasionally utilise the waterbodies within the study area as foraging habitat and stop-over points when flying between areas of higher quality habitat. These species are unlikely to breed within the study area and it is considered unlikely that these species rely on the study area for survival or persistence. Appendix 3.2 presents the likelihood of occurrence for the state significant species previously recorded within the local area.
3.2.3.3 Regional No Regionally significant fauna species were recorded within the study area during the current survey. According to the VBA (DELWP 2017d), no regionally significant fauna species have been documented within the study area, although 22 species have been recorded within 10 kilometres (Appendix 3.2). Based on the number and location of recent records, landscape context, habitat present within the study area and habitat requirements of these state significant species; most are not considered likely to reside in or rely upon the study area, or to be significantly impacted upon by the proposed development. Long-necked Tortoise Chelodina longicollis may reside within the artificial waterways within the study area. However, this species has a widespread distribution and is therefore unlikely to be significantly impacted by the development. The likelihood of occurrence for the regionally significant species previously recorded within the local area is provided below (Appendix 3.2).
3.3 Sites of Biological Significance (BioSites)
A BioSite is a physical area of land or water containing biological assets with particular attributes, such as the presence of rare or threatened flora, fauna or habitat required for their survival and/or rare or threatened vegetation communities (DSE 2005b). BioSites are intended for use by DELWP and other relevant government agencies as a strategic guide for future investment in biodiversity conservation. There are no BioSites within the study area. However there is one BioSites within the local area (DELWP 2017a):
Braeside Park (BioSite 4656) is of State significance, and is located along Lower Dandenong Road, south of the study area. It is not considered likely that any proposed development within the study area will impact this BioSite.
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4 RELEVANT LEGISLATION AND POLICY
This section identifies environmental legislation and policies that may be applicable to the proposed development, specifically:
Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) (Commonwealth);
Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 (FFG Act) (Victoria); Planning and Environment Act 1987 (Victoria); o Local Planning Schemes; o Victoria’s Native Vegetation Permitted Clearing Regulations.
Wildlife Act 1975 and Wildlife Regulations 2002 (Victoria);
Catchment and Land Protection Act 1994 (CALP Act) (Victoria); and, Water Act 1989 (Victoria).
4.1 Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
The EPBC Act establishes a Commonwealth process for assessment of proposed actions that are likely to have a significant impact on matters of NES, or on Commonwealth land. An action (i.e. project, development, undertaking, activity, or series of activities), unless otherwise exempt, requires approval from the Commonwealth Environment Minister if it is likely to have an impact on any matters of national environmental significance. A referral under the EPBC Act is required if a proposed action is likely to have a ‘significant impact’ on any of the following matters of NES:
World Heritage properties; National heritage places;
Ramsar wetlands of international significance;
Threatened species and ecological communities; Migratory and marine species;
Commonwealth marine area; Nuclear actions (including uranium mining); and,
Great Barrier Reef Marine Park.
4.1.1 World Heritage Properties and National Heritage Places Based on the DoE Protected Matters Search Tool, the study area is not located within or near a World Heritage or national heritage property (DoE 2015).
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4.1.2 Ramsar Wetlands of International Significance The DoE (2015) Protected Matters Search Tool lists the study area as being within the same catchment as the Edithvale-Seaford wetlands Ramsar sites. Provided development proceeds in accordance with the Environment Protection Authority (EPA) best practice stormwater management and erosion control guidelines, and water sensitive urban design principles are applied, development of the study area is unlikely to significantly impact the wetlands.
4.1.3 Listed flora and fauna species and ecological communities An action requires approval from the Commonwealth Environment Minister if it will, or if it is likely to, have a significant impact on an endangered or critically endangered species or on an important population or critical habitat of a listed vulnerable species. Flora – No EPBC Act listed flora species were recorded during the assessment. However, seven flora species have previously been recorded within the local area, and an additional three species, not previously documented within the local area, have potential habitat occurring in the vicinity of the study area (DoEE 2017). All nationally significant flora species are considered unlikely to occur in the study area due to the highly degraded quality of native vegetation in the study area. Fauna – One EPBC Act-listed fauna species (Grey-headed Flying-fox) was recorded within the study area during the current assessment. While one additional EPBC Act-listed species (Swift Parrot) may occasionally forage within the study area, this species is not likely to be impacted by the proposed development of the site. Communities – No vegetation communities listed as threatened under the EPBC Act are present within the study area.
4.1.4 Listed Migratory and Marine Species Numerous migratory and marine species have been recorded within 10 kilometres of the study area and some of these may visit the study area while passing through the landscape. However, suitable habitat to sustain these species is not present within the study area and it is highly unlikely to support any ecologically significant populations.
4.1.5 Commonwealth Marine Area, Marine Parks and Nuclear Actions The study area is not within a Commonwealth marine area/park nor is the proposed development related to nuclear actions.
4.1.6 Implications While the study area provides foraging opportunities two EPBC Act-listed species (Grey-headed Flying Fox and Swift Parrot) it is unlikely that either resides in the study area or relies upon it for survival or persistence. As such, the proposed development is not expected to have a ‘significant impact’ on these EPBC Act-listed species, particularly considering the large area of similar foraging habitat (i.e. planted nectar-producing trees) in the suburban areas surrounding the study area. Targeted surveys for the nationally significant Growling Grass Frog were undertaken on 15 October 2015 and 30 November 2015. Despite the surveys being undertaken during optimal conditions, and the site
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containing suitable habitat, Growling Grass Frog were not recorded, and it is therefore considered that a resident population is not present.
4.2 Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988
The FFG Act is the primary Victorian legislation providing for the conservation of threatened species and ecological communities, and for the management of processes that are threatening to Victoria's native flora and fauna. The FFG Act contains protection procedures such as the listing of threatened species and/or communities, and the preparation of action statements to protect the long-term viability of these values. Proponents are required to apply for an FFG Act Permit to ‘take’ listed and/or protected3 flora species, listed vegetation communities and listed fish species in areas of public land (i.e. within road reserves, drainage lines and public reserves). An FFG Act permit is generally not required for removal of species or communities on private land, or for the removal of habitat for a listed terrestrial fauna species. Flora – No FFG Act listed flora species and three ‘protected’ flora species were recorded during the assessment. Five FFG Act listed flora species have previously been recorded within the local area, and are considered a moderate likelihood of occurrence. Vegetation Communities – No vegetation communities listed as threatened under the FFG Act are present within the study area. Fauna – In addition to being EPBC Act-listed, Growling Grass Frog, Grey-headed Flying Fox and Swift Parrot are also FFG Act-listed. Other FFG Act-listed species, including Blue-billed Duck and Eastern Great Egret, may occasionally utilise the waterbodies within the study area. Threatening processes – Threatening processes listed under the FFG Act applicable to future development within the study area include: Habitat fragmentation as a threatening process for fauna in Victoria (through roadside and waterway vegetation removal and/or disturbance);
Invasion of native vegetation by Blackberry (through increased soil disturbance and potential human dispersal of seed);
Invasion of native vegetation by “environmental weeds” (through increased soil disturbance and potential dispersal of weed material through increased human trampling and construction machinery);
Loss of hollow-bearing trees from Victorian native forests (through increased mortality due to drought conditions, and subsequent felling during development);
Predation of native wildlife by the House Cat, Felis catus (through increased presence of cats due to residential development); and,
3 In addition to ‘listed’ flora species, the FFG Act identifies ‘protected’ flora species. This includes any of the Asteraceae (Daisies), all orchids, ferns (excluding Pteridium esculentum) and Acacia species (excluding Acacia dealbata, Acacia decurrens, Acacia implexa, Acacia melanoxylon and Acacia paradoxa), as well as any taxa that may be a component of a listed ecological community. A species may be both listed and protected.
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Wetland loss and degradation as a result of change in water regime, dredging, draining, filling and grazing (through alterations and filling in of dams and low-lying areas within study area).
4.2.1 Implications Under Clause 15.09 of the State Planning Policy Framework, the local planning authority should have regard for flora, fauna and communities listed under the FFG Act when making decisions regarding the use and development of land. No FFG Act-listed flora, fauna or ecological communities were recorded within the study area during the site assessment. There is suitable habitat within the study area for several species listed or protected under the FFG Act. However, the study area is privately owned, and as such, a permit under the FFG Act is not required.
4.3 Planning and Environment Act 1987 (Victoria)
The Planning and Environment Act 1987 outlines the legislative framework for planning in Victoria and for the development and administration of planning schemes. All planning schemes contain native vegetation provisions at Clause 52.17 which require a planning permit from the relevant local Council to remove, destroy or lop native vegetation on a site of more than 0.4 hectares, unless an exemption under clause 52.17-7 of the Victorian Planning Schemes applies (Appendix 1.5.3) or a subdivision is proposed with lots less than 0.4 hectares4. Local planning schemes may contain other provisions in relation to the removal of native vegetation. Where the clearing of native vegetation is permitted, the quantity and type of vegetation to be offset is determined using methodology specified in the Guidelines (DEPI 2013a). In addition, a permit must be referred to DELWP if vegetation removal meets one or more of the below thresholds (Table 3).
Table 3. Permit to remove native vegetation – application referral triggers (Clause 66, Referral and Notice Provisions)
Remove, destroy or lop native vegetation where the area to be cleared is 0.5 hectares or more Native Vegetation Remove, destroy or lop native vegetation which is to be considered under the High Risk-based pathway Remove, destroy or lop native vegetation if a property vegetation plan applies to the site Other Circumstances Remove, destroy or lop native vegetation on Crown land which is occupied or managed by the responsible authority
Local Planning Schemes The study area is located within the Kingston City Council municipality. The following zoning and overlays currently apply (DELWP 2015b):
Special Use Zone – Schedule 1 (SUZ1);
4 In accordance with the Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal’s (VCAT) decision Villawood v Greater Bendigo CC (2005) VCAT 2703 (20 December 2005) all native vegetation is considered lost where proposed lots are less than 0.4 hectares in area and must be offset at the time of subdivision.
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General Residential Zone – Schedule 3 (GRZ3); and,
Special Building Overlay - (SBO). The proposed amendment to the Kingston Planning Scheme, in which this report informs, seeks to replace the current Special Use Zone (Schedule 1) and General Residential Zone (Schedule 3) with the General Residential Zone (Schedule 2). In addition, the proposed amendment seeks to apply the Development Plan Overlay (Schedule 7) to the land. The DPO7 will then in turn require the preparation of a Development Plan that will guide the future appropriate land use and development outcomes on the site. A Development Plan will be required to be prepared and approved prior to planning approval being sought under the new planning controls.
4.3.1 Implications A Planning Permit from Kingston City Council is required to clear/remove any native vegetation from within the study area under Clause 52.17 of the Kingston Planning Scheme. DELWP will be a recommending referral authority for removal of vegetation as more than 0.5 hectares or 15 scattered trees are likely to be removed.
4.3.2 The Guidelines In December 2013 the Victorian Government integrated the ‘Permitted clearing of native vegetation - Biodiversity assessment guidelines’ (the Guidelines) (DEPI 2013a) into the Victorian Planning Provisions, replacing the Victoria’s Native Vegetation Management – A Framework for Action (The Framework) (NRE 2002). The primary objective of the regulations is “no net loss in the contribution made by native vegetation to Victoria’s biodiversity”. The State Planning Policy Framework and the decision guidelines at Clause 52.17 (Native Vegetation) of Particular Provisions and Clause 12.01 require Planning and Responsible Authorities to have regard for the Guidelines. Areas of remnant native vegetation, Scattered Trees and habitat for rare or threatened species must be offset if they are proposed to be disturbed as part of the project.
4.3.3 Implications Offsets have been calculated by DELWP based on the site assessment conducted by Ecology and Heritage Partners Pty Ltd. The results of the assessment are summarised in Section 5, and detailed in Figure 5 and Appendix 4.
4.4 Wildlife Act 1975 and Wildlife Regulations 2002
The Wildlife Act 1975 is the primary legislation in Victoria providing for protection and management of wildlife. The Act requires people engaged in wildlife research (e.g. fauna surveys, salvage and translocation activities) to obtain a permit under the Act to ensure that these activities are undertaken in a manner consistent with the appropriate controls. The Wildlife Act 1975 has the following objectives: To establish procedures for the promotion of protection and conservation of wildlife, the prevention of species extinctions, and the sustainable use and access to wildlife and;
Ecological Assessment for a proposed Residential Development at Kingswood Golf Club, Dingley Village, Victoria 28
To prohibit and regulate the conduct of those involved in wildlife related activities.
4.4.1 Implications A large number of hollow-bearing trees and other habitat for common local fauna species is proposed to be removed. It is likely that a condition of a Planning Permit will include a requirement for salvage of common fauna species during vegetation removal in addition to a Fauna Management Plan. A permit for removal of habitat vegetation within the study area will be in the form of a Planning Permit to remove native vegetation under the Planning and Environment Act 1987. Consequently, a separate permit to remove fauna for this project under either the Wildlife Act 1975 or the Wildlife Regulations 2002 is unlikely to be required if a permit under the Planning and Environment Act is obtained.
4.5 Catchment and Land Protection Act 1994
The CALP Act contains provisions relating to catchment planning, land management, noxious weeds and pest animals. This Act also provides a legislative framework for the management of private and public land and sets out the responsibilities of land managers, stating that they must take all reasonable steps to:
Avoid causing or contributing to land degradation which causes or may cause damage to land of another land owner;
Protect water resources; Conserve soil;
Eradicate regionally prohibited weeds; Prevent the growth and spread of regionally controlled weeds; and,
Prevent the spread of, and as far as possible eradicate, established pest animals.
Essentially the Act establishes a framework for the integrated management and protection of catchments, and provides a framework for the integrated and coordinated management, which aims to ensure that the quality of the State’s land and water resources and their associated plant and animal life is maintained and enhanced.
4.5.1 Implications Infestations of noxious weeds, including Blackberry Rubus fruticosus spp. agg., Wandering Jew Tradescantia fluminensis, Spiny Rush Juncus acutus subsp. acutus, and Flax-leaf Broom Genista linifolia should be appropriately controlled to prevent weed spread to any nearby areas of native vegetation. Soil disturbance prior to and during construction should be minimised and measures taken to prevent deposition of sediment into waterways within and adjacent to the study area.
4.6 Water Act 1989 (Victoria)
The purposes of the Water Act 1989 are manifold but (in part) relate to the orderly, equitable, efficient and sustainable use of water resources within Victoria. This includes the provision of a formal means of
Ecological Assessment for a proposed Residential Development at Kingswood Golf Club, Dingley Village, Victoria 29
protecting and enhancing environmental qualities of waterways and their in-stream uses as well as catchment conditions that may affect water quality and the ecological environments within them.
4.6.1 Implications A ‘works on waterways’ permit from the Port Phillip and Westernport CMA is likely to be required where any action impacts on waterways within the study area. Additionally, where structures are installed within or across waterways that potentially interfere with the passage of fish or the quality of aquatic habitat, these activities should be referred to DELWP with the Port Phillip and Westernport CMA included for comment.
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5 PERMITTED CLEARING ASSESSMENT
5.1 Risk-based Pathway
The study area is within Location A, and based on the current development plan, a total of 2.686 hectares of native vegetation (comprising 0.927 hectares of remnant patches, and 25 scattered trees) are proposed to be removed (Figure 5). As such, the permit application falls under the Moderate Risk-based pathway (Table 5). As the application falls under the Moderate Risk-based pathway, a habitat hectare assessment was completed to determine condition scores of vegetation proposed to be removed, with condition scores provided in Appendix 2.3.
Table 4. Permitted Clearing Assessment (the Guidelines)
Risk-based pathway Moderate Total Extent 2.686 Remnant Patch (ha) 0.927 Scattered Trees (no.) 25 Location Risk A Strategic Biodiversity Score 0.100
5.2 Offset Targets
The offset requirement for native vegetation removal is 0.095 General Biodiversity Equivalence Units (BEU). The specific-general offset test was applied to the current development plan proposal by DELWP. The specific-general offset test found that the proposal does not have a proportional impact on any rare or threatened species’ habitats above the threshold, and no specific offset obligations are generated by the current development plan proposal. A summary of proposed vegetation losses based on the assessed remnant patches and scattered trees and associated offset requirements is presented in Table 5 and the Biodiversity Impact and Offset Requirements (BIOR) Report is presented in Appendix 4.
Table 5. Offset targets
General Offsets Required 0.095 General BEUs Specific Offsets Required N/A Port Phillip and Westernport CMA / Kingston City Council City Vicinity (catchment / LGA) Council Minimum Strategic Biodiversity Score* 0.080
Note: BEU = Biodiversity Equivalence Units
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6 POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
The current proposal is likely to fall under the Moderate Risk-based pathway. As such, the Guidelines require the relevant authorities to consider whether reasonable steps have been taken to ensure that impacts of the proposed removal of native vegetation on biodiversity have been minimised. Any loss of ecological values should be viewed in the overall context of on-going loss, fragmentation, and deterioration in the quality of remnant vegetation throughout the greater Melbourne area and the Gippsland Plain bioregion. The proposed development is likely to have a localised impact on indigenous flora and fauna species habitats that are persisting within an otherwise modified landscape.
6.1 Potential Ecological Impacts
Direct impacts of through the construction of the proposed development are likely to include:
Removal of and disturbance to the EVCs: Plains Grassy Woodland and Damp Sands Herb-rich Woodland; Removal of potential foraging habitat (albeit, not limiting or significant habitat) for the nationally significant Grey-headed Flying-fox and Swift Parrot;
Removal of a large number of non-indigenous trees (many of which are hollow-bearing) which provide suitable habitat for common birds and mammals. Although the proposed development will lead to the removal of a large number of mature planted trees and shrubs, this habitat resource is not limiting in the local area (i.e. the availability of this habitat in the urban and parkland environments), and therefore the removal of planted vegetation associated with the proposed development is not likely to have significant impacts to fauna populations in the region, including threatened species (i.e. likely to lead to localised impacts). Removal of habitat connectivity (particularly more mobile species such as birds and bats) within the landscape. While the study area is not connected to larger areas of intact vegetation, it is considered to provide a “stepping stone” for mobile fauna moving throughout the landscape between areas of higher habitat value (i.e. Braeside Park and Heatherton Park etc). An indication of the extent of available fauna habitat in the local area (i.e. similar or higher quality than what is located within the study area) is shown below (Figure 6); Spread of noxious weeds within study area;
Loss of or disturbance to artificial waterbodies, which provide habitat for a number of common aquatic and semi-aquatic fauna;
Mortality, injury and disturbance of common fauna species and removal of their habitats which may impact on local populations; and, Soil disturbance, introduction and spread of weeds through construction activities. Indirect effects on adjacent areas are also possible if construction activities and drainage are not appropriately managed, and these include:
Ecological Assessment for a proposed Residential Development at Kingswood Golf Club, Dingley Village, Victoria 32
Potential for further spread of environmental weeds from on-site activities and subsequent degradation of native vegetation adjacent to the site; Indirect impacts to adjoining native vegetation/habitat, e.g. light and noise pollution, increased human activity during construction and once the residential subdivision is established;
Increased incidence of native fauna being predated upon by dogs and cats, as a result of the influx of pets into the study area;
Inappropriate landscape plantings, which could increase the spread of weeds into adjacent areas supporting remnant native vegetation;
Degradation of retained vegetation through: - Increased pressures from recreation activities and increased presence of people and domestic pets; and, - Property maintenance activities (e.g. mowing, slashing for fire prevention).
Increased amount of hard surfacing and subsequent storm water runoff to waterways etc.
6.2 Avoid Impacts
With respect to avoidance of impacts from a proposed activity or development, Clause 52.17 (Native Vegetation) of the local planning scheme has a primary purpose: To ensure permitted clearing of native vegetation results in no net loss in the contribution made by native vegetation to Victoria’s biodiversity. This is achieved through the following approach:
Avoid the removal of native vegetation that makes a significant contribution to Victoria’s biodiversity. Minimise impacts on Victoria’s biodiversity from the removal of native vegetation.
Where native vegetation is permitted to be removed, ensure that an offset is provided in a manner that makes a contribution to Victoria’s biodiversity that is equivalent to the contribution made by the native vegetation to be removed’. However, any proposed development within the study area is likely to fall under the Moderate Risk-based Pathway (i.e. if greater than one hectare of remnant native vegetation is proposed to be removed), and therefore under Clause 52.17 of the local planning scheme avoidance does not need to be demonstrated. The decision making requirements for Moderate Risk-based Pathway applications are outlined in the Biodiversity Assessment Handbook – Permitted clearing of native vegetation (Pages 24, 25, 28 and 29 in DELWP 2015). In addition, a determination of whether native vegetation makes ‘a significant contribution to Victoria’s biodiversity’ is not required. Nevertheless, given the ecological values present within the study area (i.e. remnant native vegetation of moderate quality), where possible, avoidance should be considered as part of any future development of the study area.
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6.3 Minimisation
For the removal of vegetation that falls under the Moderate Risk-based pathway, the Guidelines require the relevant authorities to consider whether reasonable steps have been taken to ensure that impacts of the proposed removal of native vegetation on biodiversity have been minimised.
6.3.1 Minimisation Statement5 The following measures have been taken to minimise the impacts of the proposed removal of native vegetation on biodiversity
Opportunities have been taken to locate, design and manage the proposed development to minimise impacts on biodiversity from the removal of native vegetation, and there is sufficient evidence that any further actions to minimise impacts on biodiversity from the removal of native vegetation will undermine the key objectives of the proposal or materially increase the cost of the proposal.
Vegetation patches that are now retained in entirety or a proportion based on the updated development plan include PGW3 (entire), DS3 (majority) and PGW5 (portion) (Figure 2; Figure 5). An additional 3 scattered trees are also to be retained.
While a number of scattered trees have been assumed to be lost and will be offset (due to encroachment of greater than 10% of their TPZ), these trees will in fact be retained and incorporated into the landscape design. This includes tree numbers 1, 10, 11, 17 and 26 (Figure 2; Figure 5).
6.3.2 Measures to Minimise Impacts Recommended measures to minimise impacts upon ecological values present within the study area may include:
Appropriate consideration in planning processes and expert input into project design or management;
5 Section 5.2 (page 20) of the Handbook (DELWP 2015a) states: “Minimisation should target native vegetation that makes the greatest contribution to Victoria’s biodiversity - that is, areas of better condition, higher strategic biodiversity score, and/or higher habitat importance scores. The minimisation statement could state that minimisation was achieved by a past strategic planning exercise or by site interventions, or that it is not achievable or desirable on site for specific reasons.” Section 6.3.2 (page 26) of the Handbook (DELWP 2015a) states: “Minimisation should be commensurate with the contribution that the native vegetation makes to Victoria’s biodiversity. Minimum effort can be considered reasonable when the native vegetation contributes lower value to Victoria’s biodiversity – for example, only general offsets are required, strategic biodiversity score is low, the native vegetation is limited in extent and isolated from other patches of remnant vegetation.” Section 6.5, Table 4 (page 29) of the Handbook (DELWP 2015a) states: “Statement can describe that minimisation is unreasonable at the site level because the native vegetation makes a very low contribution to biodiversity (such as no species offset requires, low strategic biodiversity score) or because retained native vegetation would have limited long term prospect of retaining biodiversity value.”
Ecological Assessment for a proposed Residential Development at Kingswood Golf Club, Dingley Village, Victoria 34
Minimise impacts to native vegetation and habitats through construction and micro-siting techniques, including fencing retained areas of native vegetation. If indeed necessary, trees should be lopped or trimmed rather than removed. Similarly, soil disturbance and sedimentation within wetlands should be avoided or kept to a minimum, to avoid, or minimise impacts to fauna habitats;
Installation of temporary fencing around remnant vegetation to minimise disturbance (i.e. designated ‘no-go’ areas) prior to construction;
Tree Retention Zones (TRZs) (see Appendix 1.6) should be implemented to prevent indirect losses of native vegetation during construction activities (DSE 2010; Figure 2), and at a minimum standard of a TRZ should include: o a TRZ applies to a tree and is a specific area above and below the ground, with a radius 12 x the DBH; o A TRZ of trees should be no less than 2 metres or greater than 15 metres; o Construction, construction related activities and encroachment (i.e. earthworks such as trenching that disturb the root zone) should be excluded from the TRZ; o Where encroachment exceeds 10% of the total area of the TRZ, the tree should be considered as lost and offset accordingly; o Directional drilling may be used for works within the TRZ without being considered encroachment. The directional bore should be at least 600 millimetres deep; o The above guidelines may be varied if a qualified arborist confirms the works will not significantly damage the tree. In this case the tree would be retained and no offset will be required; and, o Where the minimum standard for a TRZ has not been met an offset may be required (DSE 2010).
All contractors should be aware of ecologically sensitive areas to minimise the likelihood of inadvertent disturbance to areas marked for retention. Habitat Zones (areas of sensitivity) should be included as a mapping overlay on any construction plans; Removal of any habitat trees or shrubs (particularly hollow-bearing trees) and wetland habitat (artificial waterbodies) should be undertaken between February and September to avoid the breeding season for the majority of fauna species (particularly birds). Removal trees, shrubs and wetland habitat should be undertaken under the supervision of an appropriately qualified zoologist to salvage and translocate any displaced fauna (such as possums, microbats and aquatic fauna such as turtles). A Fauna Management Plan is likely to be required to guide the salvage and translocation process;
Where possible, construction stockpiles, machinery, roads, and other infrastructure should be placed away from areas supporting native vegetation; Ensure that best practice sedimentation and pollution control measures are undertaken at all times, in accordance with Environment Protection Agency guidelines (EPA 1991; EPA 1996; Victorian Stormwater Committee 1999) to prevent offsite impacts to waterways and wetlands; and,
Ecological Assessment for a proposed Residential Development at Kingswood Golf Club, Dingley Village, Victoria 35
As indigenous flora provides valuable habitat for indigenous fauna, it is recommended that any landscape plantings that are undertaken as part of the proposed works are conducted using indigenous species sourced from a local provenance, rather than exotic deciduous trees and shrubs. In addition to these measures, the following documents should be prepared and implemented prior to any construction activities:
Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP). The CEMP should include specific species/vegetation conservation strategies, daily monitoring, sedimentation management, site specific rehabilitation plans, weed and pathogen management measures, etc.;
Weed Management Plan. This plan should follow the guidelines set out in the CaLP Act, and clearly outline any obligations of the project team in relation to minimising the spread of weeds as a result of this project. This may include a pre-clearance weed survey undertaken prior to any construction activities to record and map the locations of all noxious and environmental weeds;
Significant Species Conservation Management Plan (CMP). A CMP will be required if significant species or their habitats are proposed to be impacted (Southern Brown Bandicoot), and may include a salvage and translocation plan;
Fauna Management Plan. This is required for the removal of habitat for common fauna species. Salvage and translocation must be undertaken to minimise the risk of injury or death to those species.
6.4 Offset Impacts
6.4.1 State (The Guidelines) The Guidelines require offsetting as the final step in considering the impacts of development on native vegetation. For Moderate Risk-based pathway applications emphasis is placed on minimising impacts, and only after minimisation has been demonstrated offsets (actions undertaken to achieve commensurate gains) can be and determined. In determining the appropriate offset responses for permitted vegetation clearance, the Guidelines set out several criteria which must be considered for any offset site. These criteria are presented in Appendix 1.5.
6.4.1.1 Offset Management Strategy Potential offsets may be sourced using the following mechanisms: BushBroker: BushBroker maintains a register of landowners who are willing to sell offset credits. Offsets secured by Bushbroker are done so via a Section 69 Agreement under the Conservation, Forest and Lands Act 1987. Trust for Nature: Trust for Nature holds a list of landowners who are willing to sell vegetation offsets. Offsets secured by Trust for Nature are done so under the Victorian Conservation Trust Act 1972. Local Councils: The proponent may contact local councils to seek availability of offsets.
Ecological Assessment for a proposed Residential Development at Kingswood Golf Club, Dingley Village, Victoria 36
Over-the-Counter Offsets Scheme: The Guidelines include the expansion of the “Over-the-Counter” (OTC) Offsets Scheme, allowing non-government agencies to establish themselves as OTC Facilities. OTC Facilities will broker native vegetation offsets (credits) between landholders (with offset sites) and permit holders (with offset requirements). The OTC Offsets Scheme differs from other third party offsets (Bushbroker, Trust for Nature) as permit holders will not be required to negotiate directly with landholders. Instead, they can review available credits and relevant sale prices at each private OTC Facility, and purchase their required credits through them. Following payment, the permit holder will receive a Credit Extract as proof that they have satisfied their offset requirements. Ecology and Heritage Partners is an accredited OTC Facility.
6.5 Ecological Improvements
There are several ecological ‘gains’ or benefits that will be achieved as part of the proposed golf course development. These include:
The creation of artificial wetlands that will support a diversity of habitat features (e.g. aquatic vegetation, refuge sites, fluctuating water levels). This will ultimately provide habitat for range of fauna species, including waterbirds and frogs; The planting of approximately 2,300 trees across the site, which will provide habitat for a range of species.
Rehabilitation of retained remnant patches; Improvement of the existing stormwater management retention basins on site; and,
Improvement of water quality on site through removal of pesticide and insecticide use, and implementation of WSUD principals through a chain of parks and wetlands.
7 CONCLUSION
The study area is highly modified as a result of historical and current land use, with only scattered remnants of native vegetation remaining on site. However, this vegetation is likely to provide habitat to a range of common, and some significant, fauna species. Impacts to these areas should be avoided or minimised where possible.
A total of 1.30 hectares of native vegetation is present within the study area within the Gippsland Plain bioregion, comprising:
0.41 hectares of Plains Grassy Woodland; and, 0.89 hectares of Damp Sands Herb-rich Woodland. A total of 34 scattered trees were recorded during the assessment, of which 25 will be impacted and offset as a result of the proposed development. The maximum offset requirement (which is a very low offset requirement) for native vegetation removal is 0.095 General Biodiversity Equivalence Units (BEU). The specific-general offset test found that the
Ecological Assessment for a proposed Residential Development at Kingswood Golf Club, Dingley Village, Victoria 37
proposal does not have a proportional impact on any rare or threatened species’ habitats above the threshold, and no specific offset obligations are generated by the current proposal. A Planning Permit from Kingston City Council is required to clear/remove any native vegetation from within the study area under Clause 52.17 of the Kingston Planning Scheme. DELWP will likely be the recommending authority for the proposed removal of vegetation within the study area as part of the future planning permit application. Furthermore, based on available information obtained during the desktop and field investigations a referral under the EPBC Act is not warranted. Finally, there are several key ecological ‘gains’ or benefits that will be achieved as part of the proposed golf course development, including the creation of artificial wetlands that will support a diversity of habitat features, and the planting of approximately 2,300 trees across the site, which will provide habitat for a range of species.
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REFERENCES
Briggs, J.D. & Leigh, J.H. 1996, Rare or Threatened Australian Plants, CSIRO Australia and Australian Nature Conservation Agency, Canberra, Australia. Christidis, L. & Boles, W.E 2008. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Victoria. Cogger, H. G (Ed). 1996. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia. 5th Edition. Reed Books Australia, Victoria. Cogger, H. G., Cameron, E. E. And Cogger, H. M. 1983. Volume 1 of Zoological Catalogue of Australia: Amphibia and Reptilia. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra. Cogger, H.G., Cameron, E.E., Sadlier, R.A. and Eggler, P 1993. The Action Plan for Australian Reptiles. Australian Nature conservation Agency, Canberra, ACT. DELWP 2017a. Biodiversity Interactive Map [www Document]. URL:
Ecological Assessment for a proposed Residential Development at Kingswood Golf Club, Dingley Village, Victoria 39
DEPI 2014. Advisory List of Rare or Threatened Plants in Victoria. Victorian Department of Environment and Primary Industries, Melbourne, Victoria. DoEE 2017. Protected Matters Search Tool: Interactive Map [www Document]. URL:
Ecological Assessment for a proposed Residential Development at Kingswood Golf Club, Dingley Village, Victoria 40
Menkhorst, P. and Knight, F. 2004. A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia. 2nd Edition. Oxford University Press, Victoria. Monarch Environmental 2017. Peer Peer review of the ecological assessment for the proposed development of the Peninsula Kingswood Golf Course, Dingley Village. Report for Kingston City Council. Nelson, J. S. 1994. Fishes of the World, 3rd Edition. John Wiley & Sons, New York. NRE 2002. Victoria's Native Vegetation Management: A Framework for Action, Department of Natural Resources & Environment, Victoria. Oates & Taranto 2001, Vegetation Mapping of the Port Phillip and Westernport Region. Department of Sustainability & Environment, Victoria. PPWCMA 2006. Port Phillip and Westernport Native Vegetation Plan, Port Phillip and Western Port Catchment Management Authority, Frankston, Victoria. Sands, D.P.A. and New, T.R. 2002. The Action Plan for Australian Butterflies, Environment Australia, Canberra. Smart Water Fund 2012. Kingswood Golf Club implements aquifer storage and recovery for irrigation. Available from URL http://www.smartwater.com.au/knowledge-hub/water-smart-cities/aquifer- storage-recovery/kingswood-golf-club-implements-aquifer-storage-and-recovery-for-irrigation.html . Accessed 3 June 2013. Strahan, R. (Ed) 1995. The Mammals of Australia. Reed Books, Sydney. Tree Works 1992. Vegetation Masterplan for Kingswood Golf Club. Unpublished report prepared for Kingswood Golf Course. Tyler, M.J. 1997. The Action Plan for Australian Frogs. Wildlife Australia: Canberra. Viridans 2015b. Victorian Fauna Database. Viridans Biological Databases. Viridans 2015ba. Victorian Flora Database. Viridans Biological Databases. Walsh, N.G. & Stajsic, V. 2007. A Census of the Vascular Plants of Victoria 8th Edition. Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne.
Ecological Assessment for a proposed Residential Development at Kingswood Golf Club, Dingley Village, Victoria 41
FIGURES
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Figure 5 Legend (! Melbourne Remnant vegetation Study Area proposed to be retained ¹ mn Remnant scattered tree retained and removed Kingston (C) Kingswood Golf Course: mn Remnant scattered tree impacted or to be offset ^_ 0 50 100 Metres Ecological Assessments Patches of remnant native vegetation retained Dingley Village Patches of remnant native vegetation impactede VicMap Data: The State of Victoria does not warrant the accuracy or Artificial waterbodies (where Growling Grass Frog completeness of information in this publication and any person using or surveys were undertaken) relying upon such information does so on the basis that the State of Victoria shall bear no responsibility or liability whatsoever for any errors, faults, defects or omissions in the information.
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Aerial source: Nearmap 2017 Legend Heatherton Rd Study Area
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VicMap Data: The State of Victoria does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of information in this publication and any person using or relying upon such information does so on the basis that the State of Victoria shall bear no responsibility or liability whatsoever for any errors, faults, defects or omissions in the information. 7006_Fig06_OpenSpace 22/12/2015 melsley
PLATES
Ecological Assessment for a proposed Residential Development at Kingswood Golf Club, Dingley Village, Victoria 49
Plate 1: Patch of remnant native vegetation within the Plate 2: Planted vegetation within the study area. study area.
Plate 3: Planted mature trees within the study area. Plate 4: Planted vegetation within the study area.
Plate 5: Artificial waterbody in the south east of the Plate 6: Artificial waterbody in the south east of the study area. study area.
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APPENDICES
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APPENDIX 1
Appendix 1.1 – Rare or Threatened Categories for Listed Victorian Taxa
Table A1.1. Rare or Threatened categories for listed Victorian taxa.
Rare or Threatened Categories
Conservation Status in Australia (Based on the EPBC Act 1999) EX - Extinct: Extinct is when there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual of the species has died. CR - Critically Endangered: A species is critically endangered when it is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild in the immediate future. EN - Endangered: A species is endangered when it is not critically endangered but is facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild in the near future. VU - Vulnerable: A species is vulnerable when it is not critically endangered or endangered but is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild in the medium-term future. R* - Rare: A species is rare but overall is not currently considered critically endangered, endangered or vulnerable. K* - Poorly Known: A species is suspected, but not definitely known, to belong to any of the categories extinct, critically endangered, endangered, vulnerable or rare. Conservation Status in Victoria (Based on DSE 2005, DSE 2009, DSE 2013) x - Presumed Extinct in Victoria: not recorded from Victoria during the past 50 years despite field searches specifically for the plant, or, alternatively, intensive field searches (since 1950) at all previously known sites have failed to record the plant. e - Endangered in Victoria: at risk of disappearing from the wild state if present land use and other causal factors continue to operate. v - Vulnerable in Victoria: not presently endangered but likely to become so soon due to continued depletion; occurring mainly on sites likely to experience changes in land-use which would threaten the survival of the plant in the wild; or, taxa whose total population is so small that the likelihood of recovery from disturbance, including localised natural events such as drought, fire or landslip, is doubtful. r - Rare in Victoria: rare but not considered otherwise threatened - there are relatively few known populations or the taxon is restricted to a relatively small area. k - Poorly Known in Victoria: poorly known and suspected, but not definitely known, to belong to one of the above categories (x, e, v or r) within Victoria. At present, accurate distribution information is inadequate.
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Appendix 1.2 – Defining Ecological Significance
Table A1.2. Criteria for defining Ecological Significance ratings for significant flora, fauna and communities.
National Significance Flora: National conservation status is based on the EPBC Act list of taxa considered threatened in Australia (i.e. extinct, critically endangered, endangered, vulnerable). Fauna: National conservation status is based on the EPBC Act list of taxa considered threatened in Australia (i.e. Extinct, Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable). Fauna listed as Extinct, Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable, or Rare under National Action Plans for terrestrial taxon prepared for DoE: threatened marsupials and monotremes (Maxwell et al. 1996), rodents (Lee 1995), bats (Duncan et al. 1999), birds (Garnett and Crowley 2000), reptiles (Cogger et al. 1993), amphibians (Tyler 1997) and butterflies (Sands and New 2002). Communities: Vegetation communities considered critically endangered, endangered or vulnerable under the EPBC Act and considering vegetation condition. State Significance Flora: Threatened taxa listed under the provisions of the FFG Act (DELWP 2017g). Flora listed in the State Government’s Advisory List of Rare or Threatened Plants in Victoria (DEPI 2014). Fauna: Threatened taxon listed under Schedule 2 of the FFG Act (DELWP 2017g). Fauna listed as Extinct, Critically Endangered, Endangered and Vulnerable on the State Government’s Advisory List of Threatened Vertebrate Fauna in Victoria (DSE 2009; 2013). Listed as Lower Risk (Near Threatened, Conservation Dependent or Least concern) or Data Deficient under National Action Plans for terrestrial species prepared for the DoE: threatened marsupials and monotremes (Maxwell et al. 1996), rodents (Lee 1995), bats (Duncan et al. 1999), birds (Garnett and Crowley 2000), reptiles (Cogger et al. 1993), amphibians (Tyler 1997) and butterflies (Sands and New 2002). Communities: Ecological communities listed as threatened under the FFG Act (DELWP 2017h). EVC listed as threatened (i.e. endangered, vulnerable) or rare in a Native Vegetation Plan for a particular bioregion and considering vegetation condition. Regional Significance Fauna: Fauna with a disjunct distribution, or a small number of documented recorded or naturally rare in the particular Bioregion in which the study area is located. A particular taxon that is has an unusual ecological or biogeographical occurrence or listed as Lower Risk – Near Threatened, Data Deficient or Insufficiently Known on the State Government’s Advisory List of Threatened Vertebrate Fauna in Victoria (DSE 2009; 2013). Communities: EVC listed as depleted or least concern in a Native Vegetation Plan for a particular bioregion and considering vegetation condition. EVC considered rare by the author for a particular bioregion. Local Significance Local significance is defined as flora, fauna and ecological communities indigenous to a particular area, which are not considered rare or threatened on a national, state or regional level.
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Appendix 1.3 – Defining Site Significance
Table A1.3. Criteria for defining Site Significance ratings.
National Significance A site is of National significance if: It regularly supports, or has a high probability of regularly supporting individuals of a taxon listed as ‘Critically Endangered’ or ‘Endangered’ under the EPBC Act and/or under National Action Plans for terrestrial taxon prepared for the DoE. It regularly supports, or has a high probability of supporting, an ‘important population’ as defined under the EPBC Act of one or more nationally ‘vulnerable’ flora and fauna taxon. It is known to support, or has a high probability of supporting taxon listed as ‘Vulnerable’ under National Action Plans. It is known to regularly support a large proportion (i.e. greater than 1%) of a population of a taxon listed as ‘Conservation Dependent’ under the EPBC Act and/or listed as Rare or Lower Risk (near threatened, conservation dependent or least concern) under National Action Plans. It contains an area, or part thereof designated as ‘critical habitat’ under the EPBC Act, or if the site is listed under the Register of National Estate compiled by the Australian Heritage Commission. It is a site which forms part of, or is connected to a larger area(s) of remnant native vegetation or habitat of national conservation significance such as most National Parks, and/or a Ramsar Wetland(s). State Significance A site is of State significance if: It occasionally (i.e. every 1 to 5 years) supports, or has suitable habitat to support taxon listed as ‘Critically Endangered’ or ‘Endangered’ under the EPBC Act and/or under National Action Plans. It regularly supports, or has a high probability of regularly supporting (i.e. high habitat quality) taxon listed as ‘Vulnerable’, ‘Near threatened‘, ‘Data Deficient’ or ‘Insufficiently Known’ in Victoria (DSE 2005, 2013), or species listed as ‘Data Deficient’ or ‘Insufficiently Known’ under National Action Plans. It contains an area, or part thereof designated as ‘critical habitat’ under the FFG Act. It supports, or likely to support a high proportion of any Victorian flora and fauna taxa. It contains high quality, intact vegetation/habitat supporting a high species richness and diversity in a particular bioregion. It is a site which forms part of, or connected to a larger area(s) of remnant native vegetation or habitat of state conservation significance such as most State Parks and/or Flora and Fauna Reserves. Regional Significance A site is of Regional significance if: It regularly supports, or has a high probability of regularly supporting regionally significant fauna as defined in Table 1.2. Is contains a large population (i.e. greater than 1% or 5%) of flora considered rare in any regional native vegetation plan for a particular bioregion. It supports a fauna population with a disjunct distribution, or a particular taxon that has an unusual ecological or biogeographical occurrence. It is a site which forms part of, or is connected to a larger area(s) of remnant native vegetation or habitat of regional conservation significance such as most Regional Parks and/or Flora and Fauna Reserves. Local Significance Most sites are considered to be of at least local significant for conservation, and in general a site of local significance can be defined as: An area which supports indigenous flora species and/or a remnant EVC, and habitats used by locally significant fauna species. An area which currently acts, or has the potential to act as a wildlife corridor linking other areas of higher conservation significance and facilitating fauna movement throughout the landscape.
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Appendix 1.4 – Vegetation Condition and Habitat Quality
Table A1.4.1 Defining Vegetation Condition ratings.
Criteria for defining Vegetation Condition High Quality: Vegetation dominated by a diversity of indigenous species, with defined structures (where appropriate), such as canopy layer, shrub layer, and ground cover, with little or few introduced species present. Moderate Quality: Vegetation dominated by a diversity of indigenous species, but is lacking some structures, such as canopy layer, shrub layer or ground cover, and/or there is a greater level of introduced flora species present. Low Quality: Vegetation dominated by introduced species, but supports low levels of indigenous species present, in the canopy, shrub layer or ground cover.
Table A1.4.2 Defining Habitat Quality.
Criteria for defining Habitat Quality High Quality: High degree of intactness (i.e. floristically and structurally diverse), containing several important habitat features such as ground debris (logs, rocks, vegetation), mature hollow-bearing trees, and a dense understorey component. High species richness and diversity (i.e. represented by a large number of species from a range of fauna groups). High level of foraging and breeding activity, with the site regularly used by native fauna for refuge and cover. Habitat that has experienced, or is experiencing low levels of disturbance and/or threatening processes (i.e. weed invasion, introduced animals, soil erosion, salinity). High contribution to a wildlife corridor, and/or connected to a larger area(s) of high quality habitat. Provides known or likely habitat for one or more rare or threatened species listed under the EPBC Act, FFG Act, or species considered rare or threatened according to DSE 2009; 2013 or DEPI 2014. Moderate Quality: Moderate degree of intactness, containing one or more important habitat features such as ground debris (logs, rocks, vegetation), mature hollow-bearing trees, and a dense understorey component. Moderate species richness and diversity - represented by a moderate number of species from a range of fauna groups. Moderate levels of foraging and breeding activity, with the site used by native fauna for refuge and cover. Habitat that has experienced, or is experiencing moderate levels of disturbance and/or threatening processes. Moderate contribution to a wildlife corridor, or is connected to area(s) of moderate quality habitat. Provides potential habitat for a small number of threatened species listed under the EPBC Act, FFG Act, or species considered rare or threatened according to DSE 2009; 2013 or DEPI 2014.
Low Quality: Low degree of intactness, containing few important habitat features such as ground debris (logs, rocks, vegetation), mature hollow-bearing trees, and a dense understorey component. Low species richness and diversity (i.e. represented by a small number of species from a range of fauna groups). Low levels of foraging and breeding activity, with the site used by native fauna for refuge and cover. Habitat that has experienced, or is experiencing high levels of disturbance and/or threatening processes. Unlikely to form part of a wildlife corridor, and is not connected to another area(s) of habitat. Unlikely to provide habitat for rare or threatened species listed under the EPBC Act, FFG Act, or considered rare or threatened according to DSE 2009, DSE 2013 or DEPI 2014.
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Appendix 1.5 – Offsets and Exemptions
Table A1.5.1. Calculation of Biodiversity Equivalence Scores and General or Specific Offsets (DEPI 2013)
Pathway Biodiversity Assessment Tools Information Source Condition Score Modelled data, NVIM Tool (DELWP 2017b)
Low Risk-based Habitat Hectares = Condition Score x Extent (ha) pathway Strategic Biodiversity Score Modelled data, NVIM Tool (DELWP 2017b) General Biodiversity Equivalence Score = Habitat Hectares x Strategic Biodiversity Score Condition Score Habitat hectare assessment Habitat Hectares = Condition Score x Extent (ha) Strategic Biodiversity Score and Habitat Modelled data, determined by DELWP Importance Score
Moderate or High Specific Biodiversity Equivalence Score (A) = Habitat Hectares x Habitat Importance Score Risk-based Sum of Specific Biodiversity Equivalence pathway Scores of remaining habitat (B) Data gathered during the site assessment is Specific Offset Threshold (C) provided to DELWP for analysis and a resulting General/Specific Threshold Test: assessment offset report is provided by the Department. If A ÷ B > C a Specific offset is required If A ÷ B < C a General offset required
Table A1.5.2. Summary of offset requirements (DEPI 2013)
Offset Amount (Risk Offset Attributes Risk –based Offset adjusted biodiversity Habitat for Strategic Biodiversity Pathway Type Vicinity equivalence score) Species Score In the same Catchment 1.5 times the general At least 80 per cent of Management Authority biodiversity equivalence the strategic biodiversity General or Local Government Low Risk score of the native No restrictions score of the native offset Area boundary as the vegetation to be vegetation to be native vegetation to be removed. removed. removed. In the same Catchment 1.5 times the general At least 80 per cent of Management Authority biodiversity equivalence the strategic biodiversity Moderate or General or Local Government score of the native No restrictions score of the native High Risk offset Area boundary as the vegetation to be vegetation to be native vegetation to be removed. removed. removed. Likely habitat for each rare or For each species threatened impacted, 2 times the species that a Moderate or Specific specific biodiversity specific offset is No restrictions No restrictions High Risk offset equivalence score of the required for, native vegetation to be according to the removed. specific-general offset test.
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Table A1.5.3. Permit exemptions (from Victorian Planning Provisions Clause 52.17 -7)
No permit is required to remove, destroy or lop native vegetation to the minimum extent necessary if any of the following apply: A permit is not required for removal of native vegetation if the native vegetation is on land which, together with all contiguous land in one ownership, has an area of less than 0.4 Property size hectares. This exemption does not apply to native vegetation within a road reservation, or where a subdivision is proposed with lots less than 0.4 hectares6. Generally, minor lopping or pruning of up to a third of the foliage (not including the trunk) Lopping or pruning that does not affect the continued health of the tree does not require a permit or attract an offset requirement. A permit is not generally not required for removal of native vegetation that is regrowth which has naturally established or regenerated on land lawfully cleared of naturally established native vegetation and is: a) Less than 10 years old; or, b) Bracken (Pteridium esculentum); or, c) Less than ten years old at the time of a Property Vegetation Plan being signed by the Secretary of the Department of Sustainability and Environment (as constituted under Part 2 Regrowth of the Conservation, Forest and Lands Act 1987), and is shown on that Plan as being ‘certified regrowth’, and is on land that is to be used or maintained for cultivation or pasture during the term of that Plan; or, d) Within the boundary of a timber production plantation, as indicated on a Plantation Development Notice or other documented record, and has established after the plantation. This exemption does not apply to land on which native vegetation has been cleared or otherwise destroyed or damaged as a result of flood, fire or other natural disaster. A permit is not required for removal of native vegetation to enable the removal or destruction of a weed listed in the schedule to the clause. The maximum extent of native vegetation removed, destroyed or lopped under this exemption on contiguous land in the Weeds same ownership in a five year period must not exceed any of the following: a) 1 hectare of native vegetation which does not include a tree; or, b) 15 native trees if each tree has a DBH of less than 20. The removal of planted trees does not require a permit or attract an offset requirement, except if public funding was provided to assist in planting or managing the native Planted vegetation vegetation and the terms of the funding did not anticipate removal or harvesting of the vegetation. Numerous additional exemptions apply to works relating to approvals granted prior to 15 September 2008, fencing, mowing, stone exploration / extraction, utility maintenance, crown land, emergency works, works in Farming Zone and Rural Activity Zone, fire Other protection, geothermal energy exploration, grazing, greenhouse gas sequestration, harvesting timber, mineral exploration / extraction, pest animal burrow removal, road safety, stock movement on roads and surveying. See Clause 52.17 -6 for details.
6 In accordance with the Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal’s (VCAT) decision Villawood v Greater Bendigo CC (2005) VCAT 2703 (20 December 2005) all native vegetation is considered lost where proposed lots are less than 0.4 hectares in area and must be offset at the time of subdivision.
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Appendix 1.6 – Tree Retention Zones
Tree Retention Zones (TRZs) should be implemented to prevent indirect losses of native vegetation during construction activities (DSE 2010). A TRZ applies to a tree and is a specific area above and below the ground, with a radius 12 x the DBH. At a minimum standard a TRZ should consider the following:
A TRZ of trees should be a radius no less than two metres or greater than 15 metres;
Construction, related activities and encroachment (i.e. earthworks such as trenching that disturb the root zone) should be excluded from the TRZ;
Where encroachment exceeds 10% of the total area of the TRZ, the tree should be considered as lost and offset accordingly;
Directional drilling may be used for works within the TRZ without being considered encroachment. The directional bore should be at least 600 millimetres deep;
The above guidelines may be varied if a qualified arborist confirms the works will not significantly damage the tree (including stags / dead trees). In this case the tree would be retained and no offset would be required; and, Where the minimum standard for a TRZ has not been met an offset may be required.
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APPENDIX 2
Appendix 2.1 – Flora Results
Table A2.1. Flora recorded within the study area.
Scientific name Common name INDIGNEOUS SPECIES Acacia dealbata Silver Wattle Acacia implexa Lightwood Acacia mearnsii Black Wattle P Acacia melanoxylon Blackwood Alisma plantago-aquatica Water Plantain Amperea xiphoclada Broom Spurge Aotus ericoides Common Aotus Banksia marginata Silver Wattle Bossiaea cinerea Showy Bossiaea Carex appressa Tall Sedge Carex breviculmis Common Grass-sedge Correa reflexa Common Correa P Cotula australis Common Cotula Crassula sieberiana s.l. Sieber Crassula Daucus glochidiatus Australian Carrot Dichondra repens Kidney-weed Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedge Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red-gum Eucalyptus cephalocarpa Silver-leaved Stringybark Eucalyptus radiata Narrow-leaf Peppermint Eucalyptus viminalis subsp. pryoriana Rough-barked Manna Gum Exocarpos cupressiformis Cherry Ballart Goodenia latifolia Hop Bush Juncus spp. Rush Leptospermum myrsinoides Common Beard-heath Lomandra filiformis Wattle-headed Mat Rush Melaleuca decussata Totem-poles Melaleuca ericifolia Swamp Paperbark Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping Grass
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Scientific name Common name Opercularia varia Common Stinkweed Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grass Pteridium esculentum Austral Bracken Rytidosperma geniculatum Kneed Wallaby Grass Rytidosperma setaceum var. setaceum Bristly Wallaby-grass Rytidopsermum sp. Wallaby-grass Senecio quadridentatus Cotton Fireweed P Solanum laciniatum Large Kangaroo-apple Tetarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grass NON-INDIGENOUS SPECIES Acacia baileyana Cootamundra Wattle ^ Acacia decurrens Early Black Wattle ^ Acacia elata Cedar Wattle Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia Sallow Wattle ^ Acacia paradoxa Hedge Wattle ^ Agrostis cappillaris Brown-top Bent Arctotheca calendula Cape weed Brassica spp. Turnip Callistemon spp. Bottlebrush ^ Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle * Conyza spp. Fleabane Coprosma repens Mirror Bush Cotoneaster franchetii Grey Cotoneaster Cupressus macrocarpa Monterey Cypress Cynodon dactylon var. dactylon Couch Cyperus eragrostis Drain Flat-sedge Ehrharta erecta var. erecta Panic Veldt-grass Ehrharta longiflora Annual Veldt-grass Erica lusitanica Spanish Heath Eucalyptus botryoides Southern Mahogany ^ Eucalyptus citriodora Lemon-scented Gum ^ Eucalyptus cladocalyx Sugar Gum ^ Eucalyptus globulus Blue Gum ^ Eucalyptus leucoxylon Yellow Gum ^ Eucalyptus nicholii Willow-leaf Peppermint ^
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Scientific name Common name Eucalyptus sideroxylon Red Ironbark ^ Foeniculum vulgare Fennel * Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. angustifolia Desert Ash Galium aparine Cleavers Gazania linearis Gazania Genista linifolia Flax-leaf Broom W Grevillea robusta Silky Oak ^ Hakea laurina Pincushion Hakea ^ Hedera helix English Ivy Hypochaeris radicata Flatweed Juncus acuta Spiny Rush Lepidium africanum Common Peppercress Leptospermum laevigatum Coast Tea-tree Lophostemon confertus Brush Box ^ Melaleuca armillaris Giant Honey-myrtle ^ Melaleuca lanceolata Moonah ^ Oxalis pes-caprae Soursob * Paraserianthes lophantha subsp. lophantha Cape Wattle Pennisetum clandestinium Kikuyu Pinus radiata California Pine Pittosporum undulatum Sweet Pittosporum ^ Plantago coronopus subsp. coronopus Buck's-horn Plantain Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Prunus spp. Prunus Quercus robur Common Oak Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Blackberry *W Shinus molle Peppercorn Solanum nigrum sensu Willis 1972 Black Nightshade Thryptomene micranthra Ribbed Thryptomene Tradescantia fluminensis Wandering Jew Trifolium repens var. repens White Clover Vicia sativa subsp. sativa Common Vetch Zantedeschia aethiopica White Arum-lily
Notes: P Listed under the Protected Flora Controls of the FFG Act; W Listed as a Weed of National Significance (WONS); * Listed as a noxious weed under the CaLP Act 1994; ^ Native, but outside of native range, or Planted.
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Appendix 2.2 – Significant Flora Species
Table A2.2 Significant flora recorded within 10 kilometres of the study area Likelihood: Habitat characteristics of significant flora species previously recorded within 10 kilometres of the study area, or that may potentially occur within the study area were assessed to determine their likelihood of occurrence. The likelihood of occurrence rankings are defined below. 1 - Known occurrence 3 - Moderate Likelihood 5 – Unlikely - Recorded within the study area recently (i.e. within ten - Limited previous records of the species in the local - No suitable habitat and/or outside the species range. years) vicinity; and/or, - The study area contains poor or limited habitat. 2 - High Likelihood 4 - Low Likelihood - Previous records of the species in the local vicinity; - Poor or limited habitat for the species however other and/or, evidence (such as a lack of records or environmental - The study area contains areas of high quality habitat. factors) indicates there is a very low likelihood of presence.
Total # of Last Likely occurrence Scientific name Common name documented documented EPBC FFG DEPI in study area records record
NATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE Amphibromus fluitans River Swamp Wallaby-grass 2 1993 VU - 5 # Caladenia orientalis Eastern Spider Orchid - - EN - - 5 Caladenia robinsonii Frankston Spider-orchid 3 1929 EN L e 5 Dianella amoena Matted Flax-lily 1 2000 EN L e 4 Eucalyptus crenulata Buxton Gum 1 2003 EN L e 4 Euphrasia collina subsp. muelleri Purple Eyebright 2 1900 EN L e 5 # Glycine latrobeana Clover Glycine - - VU - - 4 # Prasophyllum frenchii Maroon Leek-orchid - - EN - - 4 # Pterostylis cucullata Leafy Greenhood - - VU - - 4
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Total # of Last Likely occurrence Scientific name Common name documented documented EPBC FFG DEPI in study area records record
Thelymitra epipactoides Metallic Sun-orchid 4 1980 EN L e 5 Thesium australe Austral Toad-flax 1 1913 VU L v 5 Xerochrysum palustre Swamp Everlasting 1 2005 VU L v 4 STATE SIGNIFICANCE Austrostipa rudis subsp. australis Veined Spear-grass 1 1985 - r 4 Berula erecta Water Parsnip 1 2005 - k 4 Burnettia cuneata Lizard Orchid 1 1887 - r 5 Caesia parviflora var. minor Pale Grass-lily 1 1875 - k 5 Caladenia australis Southern Spider-orchid 2 1943 - k 5 Caladenia flavovirens Christmas Spider-orchid 1 1980 - r 5 Caladenia leptochila subsp. leptochila Narrow-lip Spider-orchid 1 1925 - k 5 Caladenia venusta Large White Spider-orchid 8 1941 - r 5 Callitriche umbonata Winged Water-starwort 2 1910 - r 5 Carex chlorantha Green-top Sedge 1 1986 - k 5 Coronidium gunnianum Pale Swamp Everlasting 2 1999 - v 4 Correa alba var. pannosa Velvet White Correa 1 1904 - r 5 Corunastylis ciliata Fringed Midge-orchid 14 1928 - k 5 Corybas fimbriatus Fringed Helmet-orchid 2 1900 - r 5 Craspedia canens Grey Billy-buttons 2 1991 L e 5 Diuris behrii Golden Cowslips 2 1916 - v 5 Diuris punctata Purple Diuris 4 1998 L v 4 Eucalyptus fulgens Green Scentbark 1 2002 - r 4 Eucalyptus globulus subsp. globulus Southern Blue-gum 2 2011 - r 4
63 Ecological Assessment for a proposed Residential Development at Kingswood Golf Club, Dingley Village, Victoria
Total # of Last Likely occurrence Scientific name Common name documented documented EPBC FFG DEPI in study area records record
Eucalyptus X studleyensis Studley Park Gum 1 2001 - e 5 Eucalyptus yarraensis Yarra Gum 3 2007 - r 4 Goodia pubescens Silky Golden-tip 1 1770 - r 5 Grevillea rosmarinifolia Rosemary Grevillea 6 2013 - P 3 Heterozostera nigricaulis Australian Grass-wrack 1 2007 - r 4 Isolepis gaudichaudiana Benambra Club-sedge 1 1991 - v 4 Lachnagrostis punicea subsp. filifolia Purple Blown-grass 5 1999 L r 3 Lastreopsis hispida Bristly Shield-fern 1 1882 - r 5 Olearia asterotricha Rough Daisy-bush 1 1770 - r 5 Philydrum lanuginosum Woolly Waterlily 3 2007 - v 3 Prostanthera nivea var. nivea Snowy Mint-bush 4 2009 - r 3 Pteris comans Netted brake 1 1770 - r 5 Pterostylis pedoglossa Prawn Greenhood 8 1934 - v 5 Pterostylis X toveyana Mentone Greenhood 4 1916 - v 5 Ranunculus amplus Lacey River Buttercup 1 2005 - r 4 Ranunculus papulentus Large River Buttercup 8 2007 - k 3 Salsola tragus subsp. pontica Coast Saltwort 3 1963 - r 5 Sclerolaena muricata var. muricata Black Roly-poly 2 1987 - k 5 Stackhousia spathulata Coast Stackhousia 5 2003 - k 4 Stenopetalum lineare var. canescens Coast Thread-petal 1 1908 - k 5 Notes: EPBC = Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), FFG = Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 (FFG Act), DEPI= Advisory List of Rare or Threatened Plants in Victoria (DEPI 2014), L = Listed, # = Records identified from EPBC Act Protected Matters Search Tool Data source: Victorian Biodiversity Atlas (DELWP 2017b); Protected Matters Search Tool (DoEE 2017). Order: Alphabetical.
64 Ecological Assessment for a proposed Residential Development at Kingswood Golf Club, Dingley Village, Victoria
Appendix 2.3 – Flora database results
Table A2.3. Habitat scores for vegetation quality zones recorded within the study area. Habitat Zone DS1, DS2, DS3 DS4 DS5 DS6 PGW1 PGW2 PGW3, PGW7 PGW4, PGW5 PGW6 Gippsland Gippsland Gippsland Gippsland Gippsland Gippsland Gippsland Gippsland Gippsland Plain Bioregion Plain Plain Plain Plain Plain Plain Plain Plain EVC Name DSHrW DSHrW DSHrW DSHrW PGW PGW PGW PGW PGW EVC Number 3 3 3 3 55 55 55 55 55 Max Score Score Score Score Score Score Score Score Score Score Large Old Trees 10 0 0 7 0 5 9 0 9 9
Canopy Cover 5 0 2 4 0 2 4 4 4 4
Under storey 25 5 10 5 5 5 5 5 5 0
Lack of Weeds 15 2 9 6 9 2 2 2 2 2
Condition
Recruitment 10 0 3 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 Site Organic Matter 5 4 5 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 Logs 5 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
Multiplier 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Treeless EVC Multiplier Subtotal = 11 29 29 22 17 23 16 23 18
Landscape Score 25 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Habitat points out of 100 100 15 33 33 26 21 27 20 27 22 Habitat Score (habitat points/100) 0.15 0.33 0.33 0.26 0.21 0.27 0.20 0.27 0.22
Notes: EVC = Ecological Vegetation Class. DSHrW = Damp Sands Herb-rich Woodland, PGW = Plains Grassy Woodland, N/A = Not available (to be calculated upon receipt of masterplan).
65 Ecological Assessment for a proposed Residential Development at Kingswood Golf Club, Dingley Village, Victoria
Appendix 2.4 –Tree Assessment
Table A2.4. Indigenous trees within the study area Size ID Scientific name Common name DBH TPZ Class 1 Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red-gum 131 15 VLOT 2 Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red-gum 90 10.8 LOT 3 Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red-gum 73 8.76 MOT 4 Eucalyptus radiata Narrow-leaf Peppermint 77 9.24 LOT 5 Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red-gum 104 12.48 LOT 6 Eucalyptus viminalis subsp. pryoriana Coast Manna-gum 72 8.64 LOT 7 Eucalyptus viminalis subsp. pryoriana Coast Manna-gum 52 6.24 ST 8 Eucalyptus viminalis subsp. pryoriana Coast Manna-gum 57 6.84 MOT 9 Eucalyptus viminalis subsp. pryoriana Coast Manna-gum 74 8.88 LOT 10 Eucalyptus viminalis subsp. pryoriana Coast Manna-gum 76 9.12 LOT 11 Eucalyptus viminalis subsp. pryoriana Coast Manna-gum 69 8.28 MOT 12 Eucalyptus viminalis subsp. pryoriana Coast Manna-gum 72 8.64 LOT 13 Eucalyptus viminalis subsp. pryoriana Coast Manna-gum 43 5.16 ST 14 Eucalyptus viminalis subsp. pryoriana Coast Manna-gum 53 6.36 MOT 15 Eucalyptus viminalis subsp. pryoriana Coast Manna-gum 64 7.68 MOT 16 Eucalyptus viminalis subsp. pryoriana Coast Manna-gum 53 6.36 MOT 17 Eucalyptus viminalis subsp. pryoriana Coast Manna-gum 54 6.48 MOT 18 Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red-gum 56 6.72 ST 19 Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red-gum 82 9.84 LOT 20 Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red-gum 82 9.84 LOT 21 Eucalyptus viminalis subsp. pryoriana Coast Manna-gum 38 4.56 ST 22 Eucalyptus viminalis subsp. pryoriana Coast Manna-gum 55 6.6 MOT 23 Eucalyptus viminalis subsp. pryoriana Coast Manna-gum 39 4.68 ST 24 Eucalyptus viminalis subsp. pryoriana Coast Manna-gum 97 11.64 LOT 25 Eucalyptus viminalis subsp. pryoriana Coast Manna-gum 91 10.92 LOT 26 Eucalyptus viminalis subsp. pryoriana Coast Manna-gum 70 8.4 LOT 27 Eucalyptus viminalis subsp. pryoriana Coast Manna-gum 50 6 ST 28 Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red-gum 55 6.6 MOT 29 Stag - 68 8.16 MOT 30 Eucalyptus viminalis subsp. pryoriana Coast Manna-gum 60 7.2 MOT 31 Eucalyptus viminalis subsp. pryoriana Coast Manna-gum 77 9.24 LOT 32 Eucalyptus viminalis subsp. pryoriana Coast Manna-gum 48 5.76 ST 33 Eucalyptus viminalis subsp. pryoriana Coast Manna-gum 53 6.36 MOT 34 Eucalyptus viminalis subsp. pryoriana Coast Manna-gum 47 5.64 ST
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APPENDIX 3
Appendix 3.1 – Fauna results
Table A3.1. Fauna recorded during the site assessment, and previously recorded within 10 kilometres of the study area. H Heard Mi Migratory S Seen Ma Marine I Incidental (feathers, bones, scats etc) * Introduced species T Trapped / handheld
Last # Hollow Present Common Name Scientific Name Documented Records Mi/ Ma Use Survey Record (VBA) (VBA) MAMMALS Platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinus 1997 2 - - Short-beaked Echidna Tachyglossus aculeatus 2001 20 - - Swamp Antechinus Antechinus minimus maritimus 100 1 - - Spot-tailed Quoll Dasyurus maculatus maculatus 1886 1 Partial - Eastern Quoll Dasyurus viverrinus 1880 1 - - Southern Brown Bandicoot Isoodon obesulus obesulus 1990 34 - - Common Wombat Vombatus ursinus 2000 3 - - Koala Phascolarctos cinereus 2015 8 - - Common Brushtail Possum Trichosurus vulpecula 2011 112 Total - S Eastern Pygmy-possum Cercartetus nanus 1963 4 Partial - Sugar Glider Petaurus breviceps 2001 6 Total - Common Ringtail Possum Pseudocheirus peregrinus 2011 156 Partial - S Little Raven Corvus mellori 2010 2274 - Ma S
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Last # Hollow Present Common Name Scientific Name Documented Records Mi/ Ma Use Survey Record (VBA) (VBA) Greater Glider Petauroides volans 100 1 Total - Eastern Grey Kangaroo Macropus giganteus 2004 5 - - Grey-headed Flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus 2014 15 - - S Little Red Flying-fox Pteropus scapulatus 1970 1 - - Yellow-bellied Sheathtail Bat Saccolaimus flaviventris 2002 1 Total - White-striped Freetail Bat Tadarida australis 2014 20 Total - Gould's Wattled Bat Chalinolobus gouldii 2003 77 Total - Chocolate Wattled Bat Chalinolobus morio 2003 22 Total - Lesser Long-eared Bat Nyctophilus geoffroyi 2001 52 Total - Eastern Broad-nosed Bat Scotorepens orion 2001 9 Total - Large Forest Bat Vespadelus darlingtoni 2001 31 Total - Southern Forest Bat Vespadelus regulus 2001 19 Total - Little Forest Bat Vespadelus vulturnus 2001 40 Total - Water Rat Hydromys chrysogaster 2013 15 - - House Mouse* Mus musculus 1999 37 - - Smoky Mouse Pseudomys fumeus 100 1 - - Swamp Rat Rattus lutreolus 2004 1 - - Brown Rat* Rattus norvegicus 2001 24 - - Black Rat* Rattus rattus 2009 38 - - S Dog* Canis lupus 1999 1 - - Dog* Canis lupus familiaris 1994 1 - - Red Fox* Vulpes vulpes 2011 67 - - S Black-fronted Dotterel Elseyornis melanops 2010 430 - - S
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Last # Hollow Present Common Name Scientific Name Documented Records Mi/ Ma Use Survey Record (VBA) (VBA) Cat* Felis catus 1999 15 - - S New Zealand Fur Seal Arctocephalus forsteri 1997 1 - Ma Australian Fur Seal Arctocephalus pusillus 2013 1 - Ma Leopard Seal Hydrurga leptonyx 2002 2 - Ma Southern Elephant Seal Mirounga leonina 2006 3 - Ma Crabeater Seal Lobodon carcinophagus 1954 1 - Ma European Rabbit* Oryctolagus cuniculus 2010 122 - - S European Hare* Lepus europeaus 2010 13 - - Common Dolphin Delphinus delphis 1984 5 - - Bottlenose Dolphin Tursiops truncatus 1993 3 - - Southern Bottlenose Whale Hyperoodon planifrons 1992 1 - - Southern Right Whale Eubalaena australis 100 1 - Mi/Ma Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae 1984 3 - Mi Burrunan Dolphin Tursiops australis 2007 1 - - House Bats fam. Vespertilionidae gen. Eptesicus 2001 10 - - Long-eared bats fam. Vespertilionidae gen. Nyctophilus 1990 1 - - Bandicoots fam. Peramelidae gen. Bandicoot 1988 2 - - BIRDS Spiny-cheeked Honeyeater Acanthagenys rufogularis 2010 67 - - Stubble Quail Coturnix pectoralis 2013 31 - Ma Brown Quail Coturnix ypsilophora australis 2011 6 - - King Quail Coturnix chinensis victoriae 1800 1 - - Magpie Goose Anseranas semipalmata 2013 73 - Ma
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Last # Hollow Present Common Name Scientific Name Documented Records Mi/ Ma Use Survey Record (VBA) (VBA) Plumed Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna eytoni 1992 1 - - Musk Duck Biziura lobata 2013 130 - Ma Freckled Duck Stictonetta naevosa 2006 11 - - Cape Barren Goose Cereopsis novaehollandiae 2010 38 - Ma Black Swan Cygnus atratus 2015 866 - - Canadian Goose Branta canadensis 2008 1 - - Australian Shelduck Tadorna tadornoides 2011 191 Total - Australian Wood Duck Chenonetta jubata 2013 823 Total - S Pink-eared Duck Malacorhynchus membranaceus 2010 172 Partial - Australasian Shoveler Anas rhynchotis 2013 235 - - Northern Shoveler Anas clypeata 2003 1 - Mi/Ma Grey Teal Anas gracilis 2015 744 Total - Chestnut Teal Anas castanea 2015 1253 Total - Red-rumped Parrot Psephotus haematonotus 2013 413 - - H Hirundo neoxena Hirundo neoxena 2001 1927 Northern Mallard* Anas platyrhynchos 2010 139 - - Pacific Black Duck Anas superciliosa 2012 2078 - - S Hardhead Aythya australis 2013 229 - - S Blue-billed Duck Oxyura australis 2014 233 - - Australasian Grebe Tachybaptus novaehollandiae 2015 828 - - Hoary-headed Grebe Poliocephalus poliocephalus 2015 671 - - S Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus 2013 64 - - Rock Dove* Columba livia 2013 1146 - -
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Last # Hollow Present Common Name Scientific Name Documented Records Mi/ Ma Use Survey Record (VBA) (VBA) Barbary Dove* Streptopelia risoria 2000 1 - - Spotted Turtle-Dove* Streptopelia chinensis 2015 2843 - - S Silvereye Zosterops lateralis 2004 759 - Ma S Common Bronzewing Phaps chalcoptera 2013 246 - - S Brush Bronzewing Phaps elegans 2010 26 - - Peaceful Dove Geopelia striata 2007 4 - - Tawny Frogmouth Podargus strigoides 2008 95 - - S Australian Owlet-nightjar Aegotheles cristatus 1994 1 Total - White-throated Needletail Hirundapus caudacutus 1999 61 - Mi/Ma Fork-tailed Swift Apus pacificus 2008 15 - Mi/Ma White-faced Storm-Petrel Pelagodroma marina 1980 1 - Ma Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans 100 1 - Mi/Ma Black-browed Albatross Thalassarche melanophris melanophris 2010 3 - Mi/Ma Shy Albatross Thalassarche cauta 1980 2 - Mi/Ma Grey-headed Albatross Thalassarche chrysostoma 100 1 - Mi/Ma Antipodean Albatross Diomedea exulans antipodensis 100 1 - Mi/Ma Campbell Albatross Thalassarche melanophris impavida 100 1 - Mi/Ma White-capped Albatross Thalassarche cauta steadi 100 1 - Mi/Ma Salvin's Albatross Thalassarche salvini 100 1 - Mi/Ma Buller's Albatross Thalassarche bulleri 100 1 - Mi/Ma Northern Buller's Albatross Thalassarche bulleri platei 100 1 - Mi/Ma Southern Royal Albatross Diomedea epomophora epomophora 100 1 - Mi/Ma Northern Royal Albatross Diomedea epomophora sanfordi 100 1 - Mi/Ma
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Last # Hollow Present Common Name Scientific Name Documented Records Mi/ Ma Use Survey Record (VBA) (VBA) Gibson's Albatross Diomedea exulans gibsoni 100 1 - Mi/Ma Sooty Albatross Phoebetria fusca 100 1 - Mi/Ma Southern Giant-Petrel Macronectes giganteus 1980 3 - Mi/Ma Northern Giant-Petrel Macronectes halli 1976 2 - Mi/Ma Southern Fulmar Fulmarus glacialoides 1980 2 - Ma Gang-gang Cockatoo Callocephalon fimbriatum 2010 52 - - Cape Petrel Daption capense 1985 2 - Ma Blue Petrel Halobaena caerulea 1890 1 - Ma Antarctic Prion Pachyptila desolata 1980 3 - Ma Slender-billed Prion Pachyptila belcheri 1980 2 - Ma Fairy Prion Pachyptila turtur 1980 2 - Ma Sooty Shearwater Puffinus grisea 1984 1 - Mi/Ma Short-tailed Shearwater Puffinus tenuirostris 2008 7 - Mi/Ma Fluttering Shearwater Puffinus gavia 2007 7 - Ma Kerguelen Petrel Lugensa brevirostris 1984 1 - Ma White-headed Petrel Pterodroma lessonii 1970 1 - Ma Gould's Petrel Pterodroma leucoptera 100 1 - Ma Common Diving-Petrel Pelecanoides urinatrix 1985 2 - Ma Little Penguin Eudyptula minor 1980 9 - - Great Frigatebird Fregata minor 1861 2 - Mi/Ma Australasian Gannet Morus serrator 2010 33 - Ma Darter Anhinga novaehollandiae 2015 235 - - Little Pied Cormorant Microcarbo melanoleucos 2015 1082 - - S
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Last # Hollow Present Common Name Scientific Name Documented Records Mi/ Ma Use Survey Record (VBA) (VBA) Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo 2013 457 - - Little Black Cormorant Phalacrocorax sulcirostris 2015 455 - - S Pied Cormorant Phalacrocorax varius 2013 129 - - Black-faced Cormorant Phalacrocorax fuscescens 2008 3 - Ma Australian Pelican Pelecanus conspicillatus 2015 690 - Ma S Australasian Bittern Botaurus poiciloptilus 2014 85 - - Little Bittern Ixobrychus minutus dubius 2014 21 - - White-necked Heron Ardea pacifica 2010 127 - - Eastern Great Egret Ardea modesta 2015 181 - Mi/Ma Intermediate Egret Ardea intermedia 2008 17 - Ma Cattle Egret Ardea ibis 2013 105 - Mi/Ma White-faced Heron Egretta novaehollandiae 2015 1404 - - S Little Egret Egretta garzetta nigripes 2006 16 - Ma Nankeen Night Heron Nycticorax caledonicus hillii 2011 54 - Ma Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus 2008 31 - Mi/Ma Australian White Ibis Threskiornis molucca 2015 832 - Ma S Eurasian Tree Sparrow* Passer montanus 2007 430 - - Straw-necked Ibis Threskiornis spinicollis 2015 642 - Ma S Australian Magpie Gymnorhina tibicen 2008 1627 - - S Royal Spoonbill Platalea regia 2015 139 - - Yellow-billed Spoonbill Platalea flavipes 2015 290 - - Black-shouldered Kite Elanus axillaris 2015 618 - - S Letter-winged Kite Elanus scriptus 1977 2 - -
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Last # Hollow Present Common Name Scientific Name Documented Records Mi/ Ma Use Survey Record (VBA) (VBA) Square-tailed Kite Lophoictinia isura 2007 2 - - White-bellied Sea-Eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster 1998 5 - Mi/Ma Whistling Kite Haliastur sphenurus 2010 160 - Ma Brown Goshawk Accipiter fasciatus 2011 464 - Ma Collared Sparrowhawk Accipiter cirrhocephalus 2010 55 - - Grey Goshawk Accipiter novaehollandiae novaehollandiae 1990 3 - - Spotted Harrier Circus assimilis 1976 2 - - Swamp Harrier Circus approximans 2015 499 - Ma Wedge-tailed Eagle Aquila audax 2015 17 - - Little Eagle Hieraaetus morphnoides 2010 44 - - Nankeen Kestrel Falco cenchroides 2011 387 Partial Ma S Brown Falcon Falco berigora 2013 203 - - Australian Hobby Falco longipennis 2010 445 - - Grey Falcon Falco hypoleucos 1994 1 - - Black Falcon Falco subniger 2008 4 - - Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus 2010 77 Partial - Brolga Grus rubicunda 1800 1 - - Purple Swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio 2015 1210 - - S Lewin's Rail Lewinia pectoralis pectoralis 2007 5 - Mi Buff-banded Rail Gallirallus philippensis 2010 79 - - Baillon's Crake Porzana pusilla palustris 2008 48 - Ma Unidentified Crake Porzana sp. 2000 4 - - Australian Spotted Crake Porzana fluminea 2010 128 - -
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Last # Hollow Present Common Name Scientific Name Documented Records Mi/ Ma Use Survey Record (VBA) (VBA) Major Mitchell's Cockatoo Lophocroa leadbeateri 1994 3 Total - Spotless Crake Porzana tabuensis 2011 95 - Ma Dusky Moorhen Gallinula tenebrosa 2013 1075 - - S Eurasian Coot Fulica atra 2012 1095 - - S Pied Oystercatcher Haematopus longirostris 1978 1 - - Sooty Oystercatcher Haematopus fuliginosus 2008 1 - Ma Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus 2015 402 - Ma Red-necked Avocet Recurvirostra novaehollandiae 2008 44 - Ma Banded Stilt Cladorhynchus leucocephalus 2005 4 - - Pacific Golden Plover Pluvialis fulva 2005 8 - Mi/Ma Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola 1977 1 - Mi/Ma Red-capped Plover Charadrius ruficapillus 2010 87 - Ma Double-banded Plover Charadrius bicinctus 2010 21 - Mi/Ma Red-kneed Dotterel Erythrogonys cinctus 2013 155 - - Banded Lapwing Vanellus tricolor 2008 27 - - Masked Lapwing Vanellus miles 2015 1435 - - S Australian Painted Snipe Rostratula australis 2008 4 - Mi/Ma Latham's Snipe Gallinago hardwickii 2013 171 - Mi/Ma Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa 1996 3 - Mi/Ma Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica 1987 7 - Mi/Ma Northern Siberian Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica menzbieri 100 1 - Mi/Ma Little Curlew Numenius minutus 1973 1 - - Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus 1977 2 - Mi/Ma
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Last # Hollow Present Common Name Scientific Name Documented Records Mi/ Ma Use Survey Record (VBA) (VBA) Eastern Curlew Numenius madagascariensis 2001 7 - Mi/Ma Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereus 1977 1 - Mi/Ma Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos 2008 32 - Mi/Ma Grey-tailed Tattler Tringa brevipes 1987 2 - Mi/Ma Common Greenshank Tringa nebularia 2005 48 - Mi/Ma Marsh Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis 2006 30 - Mi/Ma Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola 2008 33 - Mi/Ma Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres 1999 4 - Mi/Ma Red Knot Calidris canutus 100 1 - Mi/Ma Sanderling Calidris alba 2001 2 - Mi/Ma Red-necked Stint Calidris ruficollis 2010 97 - Mi/Ma Long-toed Stint Calidris subminuta 2008 4 - Mi/Ma Pectoral Sandpiper Calidris melanotos 2000 24 - Mi/Ma Sharp-tailed Sandpiper Calidris acuminata 2010 197 - Mi/Ma Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea 2006 47 - Mi/Ma Ruff Philomachus pugnax 1987 4 - Mi/Ma Painted Button-quail Turnix varia 1994 4 - - Red-chested Button-quail Turnix pyrrhothorax 2000 1 - - Little Button-quail Turnix velox 1977 1 - - Great Skua Stercorarius skua 1983 3 - - Pomarine Jaeger Stercorarius pomarinus 1979 1 - Mi/Ma Arctic Jaeger Stercorarius parasiticus 1981 12 - Mi/Ma Little Tern Sternula albifrons sinensis 1975 1 - Mi/Ma
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Last # Hollow Present Common Name Scientific Name Documented Records Mi/ Ma Use Survey Record (VBA) (VBA) Fairy Tern Sternula nereis nereis 1975 2 - Ma Caspian Tern Hydroprogne caspia 2008 18 - Mi/Ma Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybridus javanicus 2007 63 - Ma White-winged Black Tern Chlidonias leucopterus 2010 16 - Mi/Ma White-fronted Tern Sterna striata 2007 3 - Ma Common Tern Sterna hirundo 2010 25 - Mi/Ma Arctic Tern Sterna paradisaea 2010 5 - Ma Pacific Gull Larus pacificus pacificus 2011 159 - Ma Kelp Gull Larus dominicanus 1988 1 - Ma Black-tailed Gull Larus crassirostris 1978 1 - Ma Silver Gull Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae 2013 1701 - Ma S Yellow-tailed Black-Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus funereus 2016 35 Total - Long-billed Corella Cacatua tenuirostris 2011 101 Total - H Little Corella Cacatua sanguinea 2011 69 Total - Sulphur-crested Cockatoo Cacatua galerita 2015 735 Total - S Cockatiel Nymphicus hollandicus 2009 13 Total - Rainbow Lorikeet Trichoglossus haematodus 2012 1638 Total - S Scaly-breasted Lorikeet Trichoglossus chlorolepidotus 2008 75 Total - Musk Lorikeet Glossopsitta concinna 2011 858 - - S Little Lorikeet Glossopsitta pusilla 2009 59 - - Purple-crowned Lorikeet Glossopsitta porphyrocephala 2009 12 Total - Australian King-Parrot Alisterus scapularis 2000 3 Total - Crimson Rosella Platycercus elegans 2013 216 Total -
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Last # Hollow Present Common Name Scientific Name Documented Records Mi/ Ma Use Survey Record (VBA) (VBA) Yellow Rosella Platycercus elegans flaveolus 1977 2 Total - Eastern Rosella Platycercus eximius 2015 1494 Total - S Pale-headed Rosella Platycercus adscitus 1994 6 Total - Mallee Ringneck Barnardius zonarius barnardi 1980 3 Total - Rosella species Platycercus sp. 2003 54 Total - Australian Ringneck Barnardius zonarius zonarius 1980 15 - - Indian Ringneck Parrot Psittacula krameri 2008 1 - - Swift Parrot Lathamus discolor 2008 40 Total Ma Budgerigar Melopsittacus undulatus 1999 15 Partial - Blue-winged Parrot Neophema chrysostoma 2010 24 Partial - Orange-bellied Parrot Neophema chrysogaster 1977 2 - Mi/Ma Ground Parrot Pezoporus wallicus wallicus 1854 1 - - Eastern Koel Eudynamys orientalis 1987 3 - - Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoo Chrysococcyx basalis 2010 193 - Ma Black-eared Cuckoo Chrysococcyx osculans 2007 1 - Ma Shining Bronze-Cuckoo Chrysococcyx lucidus 2007 30 - Ma Fan-tailed Cuckoo Cacomantis flabelliformis 2010 136 - - Brush Cuckoo Cacomantis variolosus 2003 7 - - Powerful Owl Ninox strenua 1995 3 Total - Southern Boobook Ninox novaeseelandiae 2005 32 Total Ma Sooty Owl Tyto tenebricosa tenebricosa 2008 1 Total - Pacific Barn Owl Tyto javanica 2011 21 Partial - Azure Kingfisher Alcedo azurea 1998 1 - -
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Last # Hollow Present Common Name Scientific Name Documented Records Mi/ Ma Use Survey Record (VBA) (VBA) Laughing Kookaburra Dacelo novaeguineae 2014 450 Total - Red-backed Kingfisher Todiramphus pyrropygia pyrropygia 1993 1 Partial - Sacred Kingfisher Todiramphus sanctus 2009 80 Partial Ma Rainbow Bee-eater Merops ornatus 1994 1 - Mi/Ma Regent Parrot Polytelis anthopeplus monarchoides 2008 1 Partial - White-throated Treecreeper Cormobates leucophaeus 2007 9 Total - Red-browed Treecreeper Climacteris erythrops 1994 1 Total - Brown Treecreeper (south-eastern ssp.) Climacteris picumnus victoriae 1994 1 Total - Superb Fairy-wren Malurus cyaneus 2015 1732 - - S Southern Emu-wren Stipiturus malachurus 1951 1 - - White-browed Scrubwren Sericornis frontalis 2014 855 - - Striated Fieldwren Calamanthus fuliginosus 1977 12 - - Speckled Warbler Chthonicola sagittatus 1994 3 - - Weebill Smicrornis brevirostris 1999 4 - - Western Gerygone Gerygone fusca 1977 1 - - White-throated Gerygone Gerygone olivacea 1977 1 - - Striated Thornbill Acanthiza lineata 2013 126 - - Yellow Thornbill Acanthiza nana 2004 29 - - Yellow-rumped Thornbill Acanthiza chrysorrhoa 2013 83 - - Buff-rumped Thornbill Acanthiza reguloides 1994 5 - - Brown Thornbill Acanthiza pusilla 2015 1024 - - S Striated Pardalote Pardalotus striatus 2011 136 Partial - Eastern Spinebill Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris 2012 289 - - H
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Last # Hollow Present Common Name Scientific Name Documented Records Mi/ Ma Use Survey Record (VBA) (VBA) Lewin's Honeyeater Meliphaga lewinii 1998 1 - - Yellow-faced Honeyeater Lichenostomus chrysops 2012 49 - - Singing Honeyeater Lichenostomus virescens 2004 2 - - White-eared Honeyeater Lichenostomus leucotis 2001 21 - - S Yellow-tufted Honeyeater Lichenostomus melanops 1994 7 - - Yellow-plumed Honeyeater Lichenostomus ornatus 2005 2 - - White-plumed Honeyeater Lichenostomus penicillatus 2015 2387 - - Magpie-lark Grallina cyanoleuca 1999 2828 - - S Bell Miner Manorina melanophrys 2009 196 - - Noisy Miner Manorina melanocephala 2012 2114 - - S Little Wattlebird Anthochaera chrysoptera 2013 1001 - - S Regent Honeyeater Anthochaera phrygia 1994 9 - Mi Red Wattlebird Anthochaera carunculata 2015 2518 - - White-fronted Chat Epthianura albifrons 2010 194 - - Black Honeyeater Sugamel niger 1977 1 - - Tawny-crowned Honeyeater Phylidonyris melanops 1932 5 - - Crescent Honeyeater Phylidonyris pyrrhoptera 1994 3 - - New Holland Honeyeater Phylidonyris novaehollandiae 2013 492 - - S Brown-headed Honeyeater Melithreptus brevirostris 1994 2 - - White-naped Honeyeater Melithreptus lunatus 2010 57 - - Noisy Friarbird Philemon corniculatus 2010 9 - - Grey-crowned Babbler Pomatostomus temporalis temporalis 2002 47 - - Eastern Whipbird Psophodes olivaceus 1994 1 - -
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Last # Hollow Present Common Name Scientific Name Documented Records Mi/ Ma Use Survey Record (VBA) (VBA) Varied Sittella Daphoenositta chrysoptera 1994 6 - - Black-faced Cuckoo-shrike Coracina novaehollandiae 2011 665 - Ma White-winged Triller Lalage sueurii 2009 20 - - Crested Shrike-tit Falcunculus frontatus 2009 83 - - Olive Whistler Pachycephala olivacea 2014 5 - - Golden Whistler Pachycephala pectoralis 2010 185 - - H Rufous Whistler Pachycephala rufiventris 2009 36 - - Grey Shrike-thrush Colluricincla harmonica 2013 359 Partial - S Crested Pigeon Ocyphaps lophotes 2015 819 - - S Olive-backed Oriole Oriolus sagittatus 2010 36 - - Masked Woodswallow Artamus personatus 1946 5 - - White-browed Woodswallow Artamus superciliosus 1994 12 - - Dusky Woodswallow Artamus cyanopterus 2010 115 Partial - Grey Butcherbird Cracticus torquatus 2015 1331 - - H Pied Butcherbird Cracticus nigrogularis 2008 2 - - Pied Currawong Strepera graculina 2013 97 - - S Grey Currawong Strepera versicolor 2013 94 - - Rufous Fantail Rhipidura rufifrons 2013 34 - Mi/Ma Willie Wagtail Rhipidura leucophrys 2015 1978 - - S Australian Raven Corvus coronoides 2009 146 - - Leaden Flycatcher Myiagra rubecula 2004 6 - - Satin Flycatcher Myiagra cyanoleuca 2000 7 - Mi/Ma Restless Flycatcher Myiagra inquieta 1994 5 - -
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Last # Hollow Present Common Name Scientific Name Documented Records Mi/ Ma Use Survey Record (VBA) (VBA) White-winged Chough Corcorax melanorhamphos 1994 3 - - Jacky Winter Microeca fascinans 2000 13 - - Scarlet Robin Petroica boodang 2006 32 - - Red-capped Robin Petroica goodenovii 1994 2 - - Flame Robin Petroica phoenicea 2010 301 - - Rose Robin Petroica rosea 1994 7 - - Pink Robin Petroica rodinogaster 2001 25 - - Hooded Robin Melanodryas cucullata cucullata 1994 7 - - Eastern Yellow Robin Eopsaltria australis 2014 186 - - Horsfield's Bushlark Mirafra javanica 2005 7 - - European Skylark* Alauda arvensis 2013 556 - - Golden-headed Cisticola Cisticola exilis 2015 869 - - Clamorous Reed Warbler Acrocephalus stentoreus 2013 665 - Mi/Ma Little Grassbird Megalurus gramineus 2012 612 - - H Rufous Songlark Cincloramphus mathewsi 2009 11 - - Brown Songlark Cincloramphus cruralis 2008 13 - - White-backed Swallow Cheramoeca leucosternus 1977 1 - - Welcome Swallow Petrochelidon neoxena 2006 1078 Partial - S Fairy Martin Petrochelidon ariel 2010 97 Partial - Tree Martin Petrochelidon nigricans 2010 87 Total Ma Red-whiskered Bulbul* Pycnonotus jocosus 1999 6 - - Red-vented Bulbul* Pycnonotus cafer 1918 1 - - Bassian Thrush Zoothera lunulata 2014 20 - -
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Last # Hollow Present Common Name Scientific Name Documented Records Mi/ Ma Use Survey Record (VBA) (VBA) Common Blackbird* Turdus merula 2015 2642 - - S Song Thrush* Turdus philomelos 2009 327 - - Common Starling* Sturnus vulgaris 2015 2654 Partial - S Common Myna* Acridotheres tristis 2015 2822 - - S Mistletoebird Dicaeum hirundinaceum 2010 74 - - Zebra Finch Taeniopygia guttata 2001 32 - - Double-barred Finch Taeniopygia bichenovii 1994 2 - - Red-browed Finch Neochmia temporalis 2014 326 - - Diamond Firetail Stagonopleura guttata 1994 4 - - Beautiful Firetail Stagonopleura bella 1800 1 - - Chestnut-breasted Mannikin* Lonchura castaneothorax 1994 10 - - House Sparrow* Passer domesticus 2014 1747 - - S Australasian Pipit Anthus novaeseelandiae 2011 213 - Ma S Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava 2006 2 - - European Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis 2011 865 - - S Corellas and Cockatoos fam. Cacatuidae gen. Cacatua 2009 2 - - Dabbling ducks fam. Anatidae gen. Anas 1998 1 - - Domestic Goose Anser anser 2010 6 - - Crested Tern Thalasseus bergii 2010 88 - - Ravens and Crows fam. Corvidae gen. Corvus 2009 26 - - Cormorant's ord. Phalacrocoraciformes fam. Phalacrocoracidae 2002 4 - - Ducks, Geese, Swans ord. Anseriformes fam. Anatidae 2002 10 - - Plovers, Dotterels and Lapwings ord. Charadriiformes fam. Charadriidae 1993 6 - -
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Last # Hollow Present Common Name Scientific Name Documented Records Mi/ Ma Use Survey Record (VBA) (VBA) Grebes ord. Podicipediformes fam. Podicipedidae 1988 1 - - Gulls subo. Lari fam. Laridae 1988 1 - - Heron ord. Ciconiiformes fam. Ardeidae 1987 1 - - REPTILES Loggerhead Turtle Caretta caretta 2013 1 - Mi/Ma Long-necked Turtle Chelodina longicollis 2012 13 - - S Murray Short-necked Turtle Emydura macquarii 2011 1 - - Tree Dragon Amphibolurus muricatus 1991 12 Partial - Lace Goanna Varanus varius 1977 1 Partial - White's Skink Liopholis whitii GROUP 1869 1 - - Delicate Skink Lampropholis delicata 1994 2 - - Garden Skink Lampropholis guichenoti 2014 51 - - S Bougainville's Skink Lerista bougainvillii 1991 9 - - Southern Grass Skink Pseudemoia entrecasteauxii 1991 5 - - Glossy Grass Skink Pseudemoia rawlinsoni 1994 1 - - Spencer's Skink Pseudemoia spenceri 1885 1 Total - Weasel Skink Saproscincus mustelinus 2012 16 - - Blotched Blue-tongued Lizard Tiliqua nigrolutea 1994 11 - - Eastern Three-lined Skink Acritoscincus duperreyi 1994 18 - - Common Blue-tongued Lizard Tiliqua scincoides 1991 9 - - Lowland Copperhead Austrelaps superbus 2014 51 - - White-lipped Snake Drysdalia coronoides 1991 5 - - Tiger Snake Notechis scutatus 2009 7 - -
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Last # Hollow Present Common Name Scientific Name Documented Records Mi/ Ma Use Survey Record (VBA) (VBA) Eastern Brown Snake Pseudonaja textilis 1996 2 - - Little Whip Snake Parasuta flagellum 1982 8 - - Skinks infp. Scincomorpha fam. Scincidae 1994 3 - - unidentified blue-tongued lizard fam. Scincidae gen. Tiliqua 1990 1 - - AMPHIBIANS Common Froglet Crinia signifera 2013 137 - - H Victorian Smooth Froglet Geocrinia victoriana 1994 2 - - Southern Bullfrog (ssp. unknown) Limnodynastes dumerilii 2011 34 - - Pobblebonk Frog Limnodynastes dumerilii dumerilii 2012 1 - - Pobblebonk Frog Limnodynastes dumerilii insularis 1967 2 - - Striped Marsh Frog Limnodynastes peronii 2013 27 - - H Spotted Marsh Frog (race unknown) Limnodynastes tasmaniensis 2012 93 - - H Spotted Marsh Frog SCR Limnodynastes tasmaniensis SCR 2013 19 - - Southern Toadlet Pseudophryne semimarmorata 1994 3 - - Southern Brown Tree Frog Litoria ewingii 2013 98 - - H Southern Brown Tree Frog SOUTHERN Litoria ewingii SOUTHERN 1990 10 - - Eastern Dwarf Tree Frog Litoria fallax 2001 2 - - Peron's Tree Frog Litoria peronii 2012 2 Partial - Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis 2006 21 - - Whistling Tree Frog Litoria verreauxii verreauxii 1994 10 - - FISH Pouched Lamprey Geotria australis 2006 5 - - Short-headed Lamprey Mordacia mordax 2006 5 - -
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Last # Hollow Present Common Name Scientific Name Documented Records Mi/ Ma Use Survey Record (VBA) (VBA) Short-finned Eel Anguilla australis 2012 84 - - S Longfinned Eel Anguilla reinhardtii 1872 1 - - Broad-finned Galaxias Galaxias brevipinnis 2002 6 - - Common Galaxias Galaxias maculatus 2010 48 - - Spotted Galaxias Galaxias truttaceus 1989 4 - - Dwarf Galaxias Galaxiella pusilla 2009 18 - - Australian Smelt Retropinna semoni 2006 1 - - Rainbow Trout* Oncorhynchus mykiss 2003 2 - - Brown Trout* Salmo trutta 1985 1 - - Yellow-eye Mullet Aldrichetta forsteri 2006 2 - - Soldierfish Gymnapistes marmoratus 2006 1 - - Goldfish* Carassius auratus 2010 62 - - S Gambusia* Gambusia holbrooki 2013 114 - - Carp* Cyprinus carpio 2013 48 - - S Goldfish/Carp Hybrid* Cyprinidae Carassius x Cyprinus HYBRID 1998 4 - - Oriental Weatherloach* Misgurnus anguillicaudatus 2012 27 - - Roach* Rutilus rutilus 2007 36 - - Southern Sand Flathead Platycephalus bassensis 2003 1 - - Black Bream Acanthopagrus butcheri 2007 6 - - Tamar River Goby Afurcagobius tamarensis 2006 3 - - Bridled Goby Arenigobius bifrenatus 2006 1 - - Eastern Australian Salmon Arripis trutta 2003 1 - - Dusky Morwong Dactylophora nigricans 2003 1 - -
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Last # Hollow Present Common Name Scientific Name Documented Records Mi/ Ma Use Survey Record (VBA) (VBA) Old Wife Enoplosus armatus 2003 1 - - Glass Goby Gobiopterus semivestitus 1993 3 - - Golden Perch Macquaria ambigua 1986 1 - - Estuary Perch Macquaria colonorum 2007 2 - - Southern Pygmy Perch Nannoperca australis 2009 34 - - Yarra Pygmy Perch Nannoperca obscura 1983 4 - - Snapper Chrysophrys auratus 2004 4 - - Redfin* Perca fluviatilis 2009 20 - - Flat-headed Gudgeon Philypnodon grandiceps 2009 24 - - Blue-spotted Goby Pseudogobius olorum 1993 2 - - Large-mouthed Goby Redigobius macrostoma 1989 1 - - Tupong Pseudaphritis urvillii 2006 10 - - Sea Sweep Scorpis aequipinnis 2005 5 - - Tench* Tinca tinca 2006 1 - - Greenback Flounder Rhombosolea tapirina 1989 1 - - Derwent Flounder Taratretis derwentensis 1993 1 - - Toothbrush Leatherjacket Acanthaluteres vittiger 2005 3 - - Globefish Diodon nicthemerus 2004 2 - - Six-spined Leatherjacket Meuschenia freycineti 2003 1 - - Cowfish ord. Tetraodontiformes fam. Aracanidae 2006 1 - - Rough Leatherjacket Scobinichthys granulatus 2004 1 - - Smooth Toadfish Tetractenos glaber 2004 2 - - Carp Gudgeon fam. Eleotridae gen. Hypseleotris 2010 6 - -
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Last # Hollow Present Common Name Scientific Name Documented Records Mi/ Ma Use Survey Record (VBA) (VBA) Galaxias subf. Galaxiinae gen. Galaxias 1993 1 - - MUSSELS & CRUSTACEANS Common Freshwater Shrimp Paratya australiensis 2010 34 - - Freshwater Crayfishes supf. Parastacoidea fam. Parastacidae 2000 2 - - Common Yabby Cherax destructor destructor 2010 13 - - Burrowing Crayfish fam. Parastacidae gen. Engaeus 2007 1 - - INVERTEBRATES Golden Sun Moth Synemon plana 100 1 - - Southern Hooded Shrimp Athanopsis australis 1971 1 - - Caddisfly Plectrotarsus gravenhorstii 1915 1 - - OTHER Rhipidura albiscapa Rhipidura albiscapa 2015 732 - - Misc Target taxa not found Misc Target taxa not found 2015 16 - - Chloris chloris Chloris chloris 2014 604 - - Pardalotus punctatus punctatus Pardalotus punctatus punctatus 2013 596 - - Cracticus tibicen Cracticus tibicen 2012 2528 - - Eolophus roseicapillus Eolophus roseicapillus 2011 982 - - Cacomantis pallidus Cacomantis pallidus 2010 71 - - Misc Dry Misc Dry 2009 3 - - Anas superciliosa X Anas platyrhynchos Anas superciliosa X Anas platyrhynchos 2009 8 - - Tribonyx ventralis Tribonyx ventralis 2009 20 - - Neobatrachus sudellae Neobatrachus sudellae 2007 1 - - subf. Phormidioideae gen. Symploca subf. Phormidioideae gen. Symploca 2005 12 - -
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Last # Hollow Present Common Name Scientific Name Documented Records Mi/ Ma Use Survey Record (VBA) (VBA) Dictyota dichotoma Dictyota dichotoma 2005 20 - - Plocamium cartilagineum Plocamium cartilagineum 2005 20 - - Plesiastrea versiporai Plesiastrea versiporai 2005 60 - - Caulocystis cephalornithos Caulocystis cephalornithos 2005 60 - - Caulerpa annulata Caulerpa annulata 2005 20 - - Caulerpa remotifolia Caulerpa remotifolia 2005 60 - - gen. Ulva gen. Ulva 2005 60 - - fam. Codiaceae gen. Codium fam. Codiaceae gen. Codium 2005 40 - - Other thallose red alga Other thallose red alga 2005 60 - - Ecklonia radiata Ecklonia radiata 2005 60 - - ord. Corallinales fam. Corallinaceae ord. Corallinales fam. Corallinaceae 2005 60 - - fam. Sargassaceae gen. Sargassum fam. Sargassaceae gen. Sargassum 2005 60 - - Cystophora monilifera Cystophora monilifera 2005 40 - - Laurencia botryoides Laurencia botryoides 2005 20 - - Haliotis rubra Haliotis rubra 2005 23 - - Zonaria turneriana Zonaria turneriana 2005 60 - - phy. Heterokontophyta cla. Phaeophyceae phy. Heterokontophyta cla. Phaeophyceae 2005 40 - - Neoodax balteatus Neoodax balteatus 2005 9 - - Laurencia filiformis Laurencia filiformis 2005 60 - - Cystophora moniliformis Cystophora moniliformis 2005 60 - - Caulerpa longifolia Caulerpa longifolia 2005 20 - - fam. Ceramiaceae gen. Ceramium fam. Ceramiaceae gen. Ceramium 2005 20 - - spec. callitricha spec. callitricha 2005 20 - -
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Last # Hollow Present Common Name Scientific Name Documented Records Mi/ Ma Use Survey Record (VBA) (VBA) Upeneichthys vlamingii Upeneichthys vlamingii 2005 6 - - Trachinops caudimaculatus Trachinops caudimaculatus 2005 12 - - Bovichtus angustifrons Bovichtus angustifrons 2005 4 - - Parma victoriae Parma victoriae 2005 4 - - Heliocidaris erythrogramma Heliocidaris erythrogramma 2005 12 - - Strigopagurus strigimanus Strigopagurus strigimanus 2005 1 - - Meuschenia hippocrepis Meuschenia hippocrepis 2005 5 - - Heteroclinus perspicillatus Heteroclinus perspicillatus 2005 2 - - Coscinasterias muricata Coscinasterias muricata 2005 7 - - Tilodon sexfasciatus Tilodon sexfasciatus 2005 5 - - Tosia australis Tosia australis 2005 5 - - Girella zebra Girella zebra 2005 4 - - Petricia vernicina Petricia vernicina 2005 6 - - Chthamalus antennatus Chthamalus antennatus 2005 1 - - Brachaluteres jacksonianus Brachaluteres jacksonianus 2005 2 - - subp. Vertebrata cla. Osteichthyes subp. Vertebrata cla. Osteichthyes 2005 5 - - Cheilodactylus nigripes Cheilodactylus nigripes 2005 3 - - Bembicium melanostomum Bembicium melanostomum 2004 7 - - Cellana tramoserica Cellana tramoserica 2004 4 - - gen. Padina gen. Padina 2004 20 - - Sargassum verruculosum Sargassum verruculosum 2004 20 - - Caulerpa simpliciuscula Caulerpa simpliciuscula 2004 20 - - Lobospira bicuspidata Lobospira bicuspidata 2004 20 - -
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Last # Hollow Present Common Name Scientific Name Documented Records Mi/ Ma Use Survey Record (VBA) (VBA) Sargassum spinuligerum Sargassum spinuligerum 2004 20 - - Acrocarpia paniculata Acrocarpia paniculata 2004 40 - - Erythropodium hicksoni Erythropodium hicksoni 2004 20 - - Plocamium leptophyllum Plocamium leptophyllum 2004 20 - - Caulerpa geminata Caulerpa geminata 2004 40 - - Cystophora retroflexa Cystophora retroflexa 2004 40 - - Bembicium nanum Bembicium nanum 2004 4 - - Cominella lineolata Cominella lineolata 2004 2 - - Haliptilon roseum Haliptilon roseum 2003 20 - - Distromium flabellatum Distromium flabellatum 2003 20 - - Splachnidium rugosum Splachnidium rugosum 2003 20 - - Leathesia difformis Leathesia difformis 2003 20 - - Plocamium angustum Plocamium angustum 2003 20 - - Nectocarcinus integrifrons Nectocarcinus integrifrons 2003 1 - - Meuschenia flavolineata Meuschenia flavolineata 2003 2 - - Trinorfolkia clarkei Trinorfolkia clarkei 2003 1 - - Dicathais orbita Dicathais orbita 2003 2 - - Ceratosoma brevicaudatum Ceratosoma brevicaudatum 2003 2 - - Uniophora granifera Uniophora granifera 2003 1 - - Trygonorrhina fasciata Trygonorrhina fasciata 2003 1 - - fam. Muridae gen. Rattus fam. Muridae gen. Rattus 1990 2 - - Galaxias ornatus Galaxias ornatus 1960 1 - -
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Source used to determine number of records and year: Victorian Biodiversity Atlas (DELWP 2015d) Source used to determine hollow use: Victorian Fauna Database (Viridans 2015b) Source used to determine migratory and marine: Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) Taxonomic order: Mammals (Strahan 1995 in Menkhorst & Knight 2004); Birds (Christidis & Boles, 2008); Reptiles and Amphibians (Cogger et al. 1983 in Cogger 1996); Fish (Nelson 1994); Mussels & Crustaceans (Alphabetical); Invertebrates (Alphabetical).
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Appendix 3.2 – Significant fauna results
Table A3.2. Significant fauna previously recorded within five kilometres of the study area. Habitat characteristics of significant flora and fauna species previously recorded within 10 kilometres of the study area, or that may potentially occur within the study area were assessed to determine their likelihood of occurrence. The likelihood of occurrence rankings for each of the threatened species are:
Known resident in the study area based on site observations, database records, or expert advice; and/or, 1 High Likelihood Recent records (i.e. within five years) of the species in the local area (VBA 2011); and/or, The study area contains the species’ preferred habitat.
The species is likely to visit the study area regularly (i.e. at least seasonally); and/or, 2 Moderate Likelihood Previous records of the species in the local area (VBA 2011); and/or, The study area contains some characteristics of the species’ preferred habitat.
The species is likely to visit the study area occasionally or opportunistically whilst en route to more suitable sites; and/or, 3 Low Likelihood There are only limited or historical records of the species in the local area (i.e. more than 20 years old); and/or, The study area contains few or no characteristics of the species’ preferred habitat.
No previous records of the species in the local area; and/or, 4 Unlikely The species may fly over the study area when moving between areas of more suitable habitat; and/or, Out of the species’ range; and/or, No suitable habitat present.
EPBC Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) FFG Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 (FFG Act) DEPI Advisory List of Threatened Vertebrate Fauna in Victoria (DSE 2007); Advisory List of Threatened Invertebrate Fauna in Victoria (DSE 2009) NAP National Action Plan (Cogger et al 1993; Duncan et al. 1999; Garnet and Crowley 2000; Lee 1995; Maxwell et al. 1996; Sands and New 2002; Tyler 1997)
EX Extinct DD Data deficient (insufficiently or poorly known RX Regionally extinct L Listed as threatened under FFG Act CR Critically endangered I Invalid or ineligible for listing under the FFG Act EN Endangered # Listed on the Protected Matters Search Tool VU Vulnerable * Additional information from the Victorian Fauna Database RA Rare NT Near threatened CD Conservation dependent LC least concern
Ecological Assessment of a proposed Residnetial Development at Kingswood Golf Club, Dingley Village, Victoria 93
Last Documented # Records National Common Name Scientific Name EPBC Act FFG ACT DSE (2013) Likelihood Record (VBA) (VBA) Action Plan NATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE Swamp Antechinus Antechinus minimus maritimus # 1 VU L NT VU 3 Spot-tailed Quoll Dasyurus maculatus maculatus 1886 1 EN L EN VU 4 Southern Brown Bandicoot Isoodon obesulus obesulus 1990 34 EN L NT NT 4 Greater Glider Petauroides volans # 1 VU - VU VU 4 Grey-headed Flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus 2014 15 VU L VU VU 2 Smoky Mouse Pseudomys fumeus # 1 EN L EN RA 4 Southern Elephant Seal Mirounga leonina 2006 3 VU - - - 4 Southern Right Whale Eubalaena australis # 1 EN L CR - 4 Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae 1984 3 VU L VU - 4 Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans # 1 VU L EN VU 4 Black-browed Albatross Thalassarche melanophris melanophris 2010 3 VU - VU NT 4 Shy Albatross Thalassarche cauta 1980 2 VU L VU VU 4 Grey-headed Albatross Thalassarche chrysostoma # 1 EN L VU VU 4 Antipodean Albatross Diomedea exulans antipodensis # 1 VU - - VU 4 Campbell Albatross Thalassarche melanophris impavida # 1 VU - - VU 4 White-capped Albatross Thalassarche cauta steadi # 1 VU - - VU 4 Salvin's Albatross Thalassarche salvini # 1 VU - - VU 4 Buller's Albatross Thalassarche bulleri # 1 VU L - VU 4 Northern Buller's Albatross Thalassarche bulleri platei # 1 VU - - VU 4 Southern Royal Albatross Diomedea epomophora epomophora # 1 VU - - VU 4 Northern Royal Albatross Diomedea epomophora sanfordi # 1 EN - - VU 4 Gibson's Albatross Diomedea exulans gibsoni # 1 VU - - VU 4
Ecological Assessment of a proposed Residnetial Development at Kingswood Golf Club, Dingley Village, Victoria 94
Last Documented # Records National Common Name Scientific Name EPBC Act FFG ACT DSE (2013) Likelihood Record (VBA) (VBA) Action Plan Sooty Albatross Phoebetria fusca # 1 VU L - VU 4 Southern Giant-Petrel Macronectes giganteus 1980 3 EN L VU VU 4 Northern Giant-Petrel Macronectes halli 1976 2 VU L NT - 4 Blue Petrel Halobaena caerulea 1890 1 VU - - - 4 Fairy Prion Pachyptila turtur 1980 2 VU - VU - 3 Gould's Petrel Pterodroma leucoptera # 1 EN - - VU 4 Australasian Bittern Botaurus poiciloptilus 2014 85 EN L EN VU 3 Australian Painted Snipe Rostratula australis 2008 4 VU L CR VU 3 Northern Siberian Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica menzbieri # 1 EN - - VU 3 Eastern Curlew Numenius madagascariensis 2001 7 CR - VU - 3 Red Knot Calidris canutus # 1 EN - EN - 4 Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea 2006 47 CR - EN - 4 Fairy Tern Sternula nereis nereis 1975 2 VU L EN - 4 Swift Parrot Lathamus discolor 2008 40 CR L EN EN 3 Orange-bellied Parrot Neophema chrysogaster 1977 2 CR L CR CR 4 Ground Parrot Pezoporus wallicus wallicus 1854 1 - L EN VU 4 Regent Parrot Polytelis anthopeplus monarchoides 2008 1 VU L VU EN 4 Regent Honeyeater Anthochaera phrygia 1994 9 CR L CR EN 4 Loggerhead Turtle Caretta caretta 2013 1 EN - - VU 4 Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis 2006 21 VU L EN VU 4 Dwarf Galaxias Galaxiella pusilla 2009 18 VU L EN VU 4 Yarra Pygmy Perch Nannoperca obscura 1983 4 VU L VU VU 4 Golden Sun Moth Synemon plana # 1 CR L CR - 4
Ecological Assessment of a proposed Residnetial Development at Kingswood Golf Club, Dingley Village, Victoria 95
Last Documented # Records National Common Name Scientific Name EPBC Act FFG ACT DSE (2013) Likelihood Record (VBA) (VBA) Action Plan STATE SIGNIFICANCE Yellow-bellied Sheathtail Bat Saccolaimus flaviventris 2002 1 - L DD LC 4 New Zealand Fur Seal Arctocephalus forsteri 1997 1 - - VU - 3 Burrunan Dolphin Tursiops australis 2007 1 - L EN - 4 King Quail Coturnix chinensis victoriae 1800 1 - L EN - 4 Magpie Goose Anseranas semipalmata 2013 73 - L NT - 4 Musk Duck Biziura lobata 2013 130 - - VU - 2 Freckled Duck Stictonetta naevosa 2006 11 - L EN - 4 Australasian Shoveler Anas rhynchotis 2013 235 - - VU - 2 Hardhead Aythya australis 2013 229 - - VU - 2 Blue-billed Duck Oxyura australis 2014 233 - L EN - 2 White-throated Needletail Hirundapus caudacutus 1999 61 - - VU - 3 White-faced Storm-Petrel Pelagodroma marina 1980 1 - - VU - 4 Little Bittern Ixobrychus minutus dubius 2014 21 - L EN - 3 Eastern Great Egret Ardea modesta 2015 181 - L VU - 2 Intermediate Egret Ardea intermedia 2008 17 - L EN - 2 Little Egret Egretta garzetta nigripes 2006 16 - L EN - 3 Square-tailed Kite Lophoictinia isura 2007 2 - L VU - 3 White-bellied Sea-Eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster 1998 5 - L VU - 4 Grey Goshawk Accipiter novaehollandiae novaehollandiae 1990 3 - L VU - 4 Grey Falcon Falco hypoleucos 1994 1 - L EN NT 3 Black Falcon Falco subniger 2008 4 - - VU - 4 Brolga Grus rubicunda 1800 1 - L VU - 4
Ecological Assessment of a proposed Residnetial Development at Kingswood Golf Club, Dingley Village, Victoria 96
Last Documented # Records National Common Name Scientific Name EPBC Act FFG ACT DSE (2013) Likelihood Record (VBA) (VBA) Action Plan Lewin's Rail Lewinia pectoralis pectoralis 2007 5 - L VU NT 4 Baillon's Crake Porzana pusilla palustris 2008 48 - L VU - 3 Major Mitchell's Cockatoo Lophocroa leadbeateri 1994 3 - L VU - 3 Pacific Golden Plover Pluvialis fulva 2005 8 - - VU - 4 Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola 1977 1 - - EN - 4 Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa 1996 3 - - VU - 4 Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus 1977 2 - - VU - 4 Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereus 1977 1 - L EN - 4 Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos 2008 32 - - VU - 2 Grey-tailed Tattler Tringa brevipes 1987 2 - L CR - 4 Common Greenshank Tringa nebularia 2005 48 - - VU - 3 Marsh Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis 2006 30 - - VU - 3 Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola 2008 33 - - VU - 3 Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres 1999 4 - - VU - 4 Red-chested Button-quail Turnix pyrrhothorax 2000 1 - L VU - 4 Little Tern Sternula albifrons sinensis 1975 1 - L VU - 4 Caspian Tern Hydroprogne caspia 2008 18 - L NT - 3 Powerful Owl Ninox strenua 1995 3 - L VU - 4 Sooty Owl Tyto tenebricosa tenebricosa 2008 1 - L VU - 4 Brown Treecreeper (south-eastern ssp.) Climacteris picumnus victoriae 1994 1 - - NT NT 4 Speckled Warbler Chthonicola sagittatus 1994 3 - L VU NT 4 Grey-crowned Babbler Pomatostomus temporalis temporalis 2002 47 - L EN NT 3 Hooded Robin Melanodryas cucullata cucullata 1994 7 - L NT NT 4
Ecological Assessment of a proposed Residnetial Development at Kingswood Golf Club, Dingley Village, Victoria 97
Last Documented # Records National Common Name Scientific Name EPBC Act FFG ACT DSE (2013) Likelihood Record (VBA) (VBA) Action Plan Diamond Firetail Stagonopleura guttata 1994 4 - L NT NT 3 Murray Short-necked Turtle Emydura macquarii 2011 1 - - VU - 4 Lace Goanna Varanus varius 1977 1 - - EN - 4 Glossy Grass Skink Pseudemoia rawlinsoni 1994 1 - - VU - 4 Southern Toadlet Pseudophryne semimarmorata 1994 3 - - VU - 4 Southern Hooded Shrimp Athanopsis australis 1971 1 - L VU - 4 Caddisfly Plectrotarsus gravenhorstii 1915 1 - - VU - 4 REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE Eastern Pygmy-possum Cercartetus nanus 1963 4 - - NT - 3 Common Diving-Petrel Pelecanoides urinatrix 1985 2 - - NT - 2 Pied Cormorant Phalacrocorax varius 2013 129 - - NT - 4 Black-faced Cormorant Phalacrocorax fuscescens 2008 3 - - NT - 3 Nankeen Night Heron Nycticorax caledonicus hillii 2011 54 - - NT - 2 Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus 2008 31 - - NT - 4 Royal Spoonbill Platalea regia 2015 139 - - NT - 4 Spotted Harrier Circus assimilis 1976 2 - - NT - 3 Sooty Oystercatcher Haematopus fuliginosus 2008 1 - - NT - 3 Latham's Snipe Gallinago hardwickii 2013 171 - - NT - 4 Sanderling Calidris alba 2001 2 - - NT - 4 Long-toed Stint Calidris subminuta 2008 4 - - NT - 4 Pectoral Sandpiper Calidris melanotos 2000 24 - - NT - 3 Little Button-quail Turnix velox 1977 1 - - NT - 4 Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybridus javanicus 2007 63 - - NT - 2
Ecological Assessment of a proposed Residnetial Development at Kingswood Golf Club, Dingley Village, Victoria 98
Last Documented # Records National Common Name Scientific Name EPBC Act FFG ACT DSE (2013) Likelihood Record (VBA) (VBA) Action Plan White-winged Black Tern Chlidonias leucopterus 2010 16 - - NT - 2 White-fronted Tern Sterna striata 2007 3 - - NT - 3 Pacific Gull Larus pacificus pacificus 2011 159 - - NT - 2 Black-eared Cuckoo Chrysococcyx osculans 2007 1 - - NT - 4 Azure Kingfisher Alcedo azurea 1998 1 - - NT - 4 Red-backed Kingfisher Todiramphus pyrropygia pyrropygia 1993 1 - - NT - 4 Golden Perch Macquaria ambigua 1986 1 - - NT -
Data source: Victorian Biodiversity Atlas (DELWP 2015d); Victorian Fauna Database (Viridans 2015b); Protected Matters Search Tool (DoE 2015). Taxonomic order: Mammals (Strahan 1995 in Menkhorst & Knight 2004); Birds (Christidis & Boles, 2008); Reptiles and Amphibians (Cogger et al. 1983 in Cogger 1996); Fish (Nelson 1994); Mussels & Crustaceans (Alphabetical); Invertebrates (Alphabetical).
Ecological Assessment of a proposed Residnetial Development at Kingswood Golf Club, Dingley Village, Victoria 99
APPENDIX 4
Appendix 4.1 – Biodiversity Impact and Offset Report (BIOR), DELWP
Ecological Assessment of a proposed Residnetial Development at Kingswood Golf Club, Dingley Village, Victoria 100
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