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West Meets East in Malaysia and Singapore. Participants' Papers DOCUMENT RESUME ED 442 698 SO 031 674 TITLE West Meets East in Malaysia and Singapore. Participants' Papers. Fulbright-Hays Summer Seminars Abroad Program1999 (Malaysia and Singapore). INSTITUTION Malaysian-American Commission on Educational Exchange, Kuala Lumpur. SPONS AGENCY Center for International Education (ED), Washington, DC. PUB DATE 1999-00-00 NOTE 347p. PUB TYPE Collected Works - General (020) Guides Classroom - Teacher (052) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC14 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Area Studies; Art Education; Asian Studies; *Cultural Awareness; Developing Nations; Elementary Secondary Education; Foreign Countries; Global Education; Higher Education; *Political Issues; Social Studies; Study Abroad; Undergraduate Study IDENTIFIERS Fulbright Hays Seminars Abroad Program; *Malaysia; *Singapore ABSTRACT These projects were completed by participants in the Fulbright-Hays summer seminar in Malaysia and Singapore in 1999.The participants represented various regions of the U.S. anddifferent grade levels and subject areas. The seminar offered a comprehensiveoverview of how the people of Malaysia and Singapore live, work, and strivetowards their vision of a more secure east-west relationship withoutsacrificing their history or culture. In addition, seminars were presentedabout Malaysia's geography and history, the political structure, culturalplurality, religions, economy, educational system, aspirations and goalsfor the future, and contemporary issues facing the society. The 15 projects' are: (1) "Rice Cultivation of Malaysia" (Klaus J. Bayr); (2) "Mahathir of Malaysia" (Larry G. Beall); (3) "The Politics of Development of Malaysia: A Five Week Course Segment for an Undergraduate Course on Politics inDeveloping Areas" (George P. Brown); (4) "Patterns of Urban Geography: A Comparison of Cities in Southeast Asia and the United States" (Robert J. Czerniak); (5) "The Domestic and Foreign Effects of the Politics of Modernization inMalaysia" (Henry D. Fearnley); (6) "Colonialism, Racial Diversity and Income Inequalities in Malaysia" (Baher Ghosheh); (7) "West Meets East in Malaysia and Singapore" (Kathryn A. Megyeri); (8) "Managing Cultural Diversity: Reflections on Multiculturalism in Malaysia" (Digambar Mishra); (9) "The Education of the Artist in Malaysia: A Survey of Tertiary Level Programs in Artand Design, and Resources on Cultural Policy" (James F. Morris);(10) "Culture and Child Development Lessons from Malaysia" (Susan G. Nummedal); (11) "Malaysia and Singapore: The Politics of Diversity" (Joseph L. Overton);(12) "Reading around Singapore" (Constance G. Pappas); (13) "West Meets East in Selected Literature of Malaysia and Singapore: An Annotated Bibliographyof Malaysian and Singaporean Literature Written in English for Teachersof South East Asian Literature and Culture" (Pearlie M. Peters);(14) "The Asian World Project: An Instructional Model for Asian Studies and World Feast Celebrations for the North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics"(Jane Craver Shlensky); and (15)"West Meets East in Malaysia and Singapore" (Genevieve R. Thompson). (BT) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. U.S. Department of Education. soo FULBRIGH Fulbright-Hays Seminars Abroad Program witmeekEa4t in Malaysia and SingaporE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement FUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERfC) his document has been yiztproduced as received from the person'or organization originating it. PARTICIPANTS' PAPERS I999 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. 1.44/0 KEDAH Kota Kinabalu PENANG SABAH .KELANTAN tiC a- yG* Mb. PAHANG SELANGOR 1111Ata LUMPUR NEGER11- SEMBILAN. SARAWAK MELAKA JOHOR Kuching ..t. -.1,--1-, , ,,, 5.," 4sr.s.,-;- 0"''-'''. ONEelA -" 71. '7:17k,_v_.:e-,,,L 2 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FULBRIGHT-HAYS SEMINARS ABROAD PROGRAM I S Tc.49 F-------C=ONT RI= _O R S I. Bayr, J. Klaus, Dr. 2. Beall, G. Larry, Dr. 3. Brown, P. George, Dr. 4. Czerniak, J. Robert, Dr. 5. Fearnley, D. Henry, Dr. 6. Ghosheh, Baher, Dr. 7. Megyeri, A. Kathryn, Mrs. 8. Mishra, Digambar, Dr. 9. Morris, F. James, Mr. 10. Nummedal, G. Susan, Dr. 1 I. Overton, L. Joseph, Dr. 12. Pappas, G. Constance, Ms. 13. Peters, M. Pearlie, Dr. 14. Shlensky, C. Jane, Mrs. 15. Thompson, R. Genevieve, Ms. BEST COPY AVAILABLE U.S.E.D FULBRIGHT-HAYS SEMINARS ABROAD PROGRAM MALAYSIA/SINGAPORE JULY 3 - AUGUST 16, 1999 OBJECTIVES The general objective of the program is to help U.S. education enhance their international understanding and increase their knowledge of the people and culture of another country. Upon their return to the United States, participants are expected to share their acquired broader knowledge and experiences with students, colleagues, members of civic and professional organizations, and the public in their home communities. The specific objectives of the program in Malaysia were to offer participants an overview of life in Malaysia and Singapore. Specifically: 1. To be acquainted with the history, economics, geography and culture of Malaysia and Singapore; 2. To be acquainted with cultural diversity of Malaysia and Singapore and to appreciate the multicultural nature of the society; 3. To gain insights into the contributions of the people of Malaysia and Singapore in the areas of art, music, dance, science and technology; 4. To gain insights into the system of education in Malaysia and Singapore. PROGRAM The seminar provided participants with a comprehensive overview of how the people of Malaysia and Singapore live, work and strive towards their vision of moving towards a more secure east-west relationship, without sacrificing their history or culture. During the five-week study tour of Malaysia, the program involved academic seminars relating to Malaysia's geography and history, the political structure, cultural plurality, religions, economy, educational system, aspirations and goals for the future, and contemporary issues facing her society. Participants were introduced to Malaysia and the Malaysian way of life through talks, discussions and field trips to schools, educational institutionsand cultural centers, not only around Kuala Lumpur but also in other parts of thecountry. They traveled to Melaka, Terengganu, Kelantan, Penang, Perak andSarawak. Visits were made to places of historical interest, placesof worship and towns and villages. School visits were also arranged. Placeschosen reflected the diversity of the nation's life and culture. During the travelphase, opportunities were provided for participants to interact with Malaysiansinvolved with education, culture, and development planning, etc. Homestays werealso arranged. One week of academic seminars and visits in Singaporeincluded topics on the historical and political structure, the cultural scene,the economy, educational system, Singapore's aspirations and goals for the future,and contemporary issues. During the visit, opportunities were given toparticipants to interact with Singaporeans involved with education, culture, and developmentplanning. Study visits acquainted participants with actual situations,enabling participants to exchange ideas on curriculum with their counterparts.Visits made to sites of importance to Malaysia and Singapore's economicdevelopment and cultural heritage. Additionally, participants explored the variouspolitical and media aspects of the east-west relationship. Participants were assisted in identifying resources for theirindividual seminar projects, enabling them to expand and improve their currentteaching, or curriculum development work related to Malaysia andSingapore. ORGANIZERS Sponsor : U.S. Department of Education Coordinating Agency : Malaysian-AmericanCommission on Educational Exchange (MACEE) Dr. Andrew B. Kramer, Executive Director Ms. Ka la Kovan, Program Officer Program Coordinator : Prof. Dr. Hyacinth Gaudart Faculty of Education Universiti Malaya, Malaysia RICE CULTIVATION OF MALAYSIA Klaus J. Bayr, Ph.D. Professor of Geography Keene State College Keene, NH 03435-2001 6 Rice Cultivation of Malaysia Klaus J. Bayr Keene State College Agricultural land used for rice production in Malaysia has been onthe decline since 1975 (MADI 1995) but the production per hectare is increasingunless adverse weather conditions are prevailing. The country is not able to satisfy theyearly need for consumption by Malaysia's population through its own agriculture anymorebut needs to import about 20 to 30% from other countries. There is enoughagricultural land available in Malaysia to produce the needed rice so that import of this staplefood would not be necessary. Methodology Statistics and data from various sources of Malaysia, interviews ofseveral rice experts within Malaysia, and visits to various rice producing areas in Malaysia arethe basis for this research. The Rice Production In comparison to other countries in Monsoon Asia, Malaysiahas a rice production that is heavily dependent on machinery and irrigation and not as much onthe manual labor of Area of Rice Planted Area of Rice Planted Main Season 1996/97 Off Season 1997 150000 150000 100000 100000 50000 50000 1."11msppi I MUM WWI Z:\.,?tfro/T2:,,Ihre,"Irolt"._ J"- g dePO Figure 1: Area in Hectares the farmers. The state that has the most area under rice production(both main plus off- season) is Kedah (Fig. 1) with more than 212,000 hectares, andNegeri Sembilan has the least with only approximately
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