CLIL History of Art 4

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

CLIL History of Art 4 Stone circles 3 There are many theories about the original function of Stonehenge. Read the text. What Warm-up three theories are mentioned? 1 In pairs. Match the prehistoric monuments What was Stonehenge for? (A–D) to the places (1–4). Which do you think 1 Stonehenge faces the direction of the midsummer is the oldest? sunrise and the first rays of sun shine into the 1 Malta 3 Sardinia centre of the monument. Stonehenge was a temple 2 England 4 Ireland to the sun. A B 2 The stones line up with solstices and equinoxes and also predict events such as eclipses. Stonehenge was an astronomical calculator. 3 There are more than 400 people buried near the monument. Stonehenge was a burial ground. However, there is no conclusive evidence for any of these theories. Stone circle Nuraghe C D Check 4 True, False, or Doesn’t Say? Write T, F or DS. Correct the false sentences. 1 Stonehenge faces the direction of the midsummer sunrise. 2 Stonehenge was a place for sunbathing. 3 The stones line up with astronomical Dolmen Temple events. 4 Stonehenge was a religious monument Reading and not an astronomical calculator. 2 Read the webpage about Stonehenge. Write 5 All of these theories are correct. the headings in the correct places (A–D). Who built it? Where is it? Listening How did they build it? What is it? 5 a T4 23 Listen to an archaeologist talking about a stone circle in Italy. Answer the questions. 1 What’s the name of the circle? 2 Where is it? Stonehenge 3 What’s its diameter? 4 How many stones are there today? A 5 Is it always visible? Stonehenge is a megalithic monument, built between 3,100BC and 2,000BC. It consists of a series of earth, b In pairs. Check your answers. wood, and stone structures. A What is the name of the circle? B It’s called… B It is situated on Salisbury Plain in the south of Writing Portfolio England. 6 Write a similar webpage (75–100 words) C describing an example of prehistoric art or A mystery! Was it the Druids? Was it aliens? architecture in Italy. Find out more using D the Internet or text books. Include this Another mystery! Some stones come from over 300km information: away and weigh up to 26 tons. What is it and where is it? How did primitive people transport these huge stones, Who built it and how? before the invention of the wheel? What did people use it for? 25 DT Think English CB1 3P.indd 25 13/4/10 16:01:23.

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Pottery Technology As a Revealer of Cultural And
Pottery technology as a revealer of cultural and symbolic shifts: Funerary and ritual practices in the Sion ‘Petit-Chasseur’ megalithic necropolis (3100–1600 BC, Western Switzerland) Eve Derenne, Vincent Ard, Marie Besse To cite this version: Eve Derenne, Vincent Ard, Marie Besse. Pottery technology as a revealer of cultural and symbolic shifts: Funerary and ritual practices in the Sion ‘Petit-Chasseur’ megalithic necropolis (3100–1600 BC, Western Switzerland). Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, Elsevier, 2020, 58, pp.101170. 10.1016/j.jaa.2020.101170. hal-03051558 HAL Id: hal-03051558 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03051558 Submitted on 10 Dec 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 58 (2020) 101170 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Anthropological Archaeology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jaa Pottery technology as a revealer of cultural and symbolic shifts: Funerary and ritual practices in the Sion ‘Petit-Chasseur’ megalithic necropolis T (3100–1600 BC,
[Show full text]
How to Tell a Cromlech from a Quoit ©
How to tell a cromlech from a quoit © As you might have guessed from the title, this article looks at different types of Neolithic or early Bronze Age megaliths and burial mounds, with particular reference to some well-known examples in the UK. It’s also a quick overview of some of the terms used when describing certain types of megaliths, standing stones and tombs. The definitions below serve to illustrate that there is little general agreement over what we could classify as burial mounds. Burial mounds, cairns, tumuli and barrows can all refer to man- made hills of earth or stone, are located globally and may include all types of standing stones. A barrow is a mound of earth that covers a burial. Sometimes, burials were dug into the original ground surface, but some are found placed in the mound itself. The term, barrow, can be used for British burial mounds of any period. However, round barrows can be dated to either the Early Bronze Age or the Saxon period before the conversion to Christianity, whereas long barrows are usually Neolithic in origin. So, what is a megalith? A megalith is a large stone structure or a group of standing stones - the term, megalith means great stone, from two Greek words, megas (meaning: great) and lithos (meaning: stone). However, the general meaning of megaliths includes any structure composed of large stones, which include tombs and circular standing structures. Such structures have been found in Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, North and South America and may have had religious significance. Megaliths tend to be put into two general categories, ie dolmens or menhirs.
[Show full text]
ARC 112 History of Architecture II
Prehistoric Architecture Dr. Zeinab Feisal Stone Age period When? Where? How did we know about it? What about social characteristics & Believes? Architecture of the civilization. Stone Age period Occurred before invention of written records No written record from the prehistoric period How did we know about it? Information is gathered from scientific studies of prehistoric objects Many academic disciplines are interested in studying human civilization- archeology, paleontology, anthropology etc The disciplines study prehistoric objects They provide information about civilizations based on studies Early Stone Age (or Paleolithic) Up to 9000 BC New Stone Age (or Neolithic) Stone Age STONE AGE 9000 BC to 3000 BC Stone Age period Not restricted to any particular geographical region Occurred in different locations, Usually close to sources of food, near rivers Stone Age period Life style differed between the Early Stone Age period and the New Stone Age Period Each of the two periods will be examined independently to understand the people and their society Nomadic, always on move Move about in search of food, water, and good climate Got their food through food gathering, hunting and fishing Usually move about in small bands of less than 15 persons Not much is known about their beliefs GOT THEIR FOOD THROUGH FOOD GATHERING, HUNTING AND FISHING GOT THEIR FOOD THROUGH FOOD GATHERING, HUNTING AND FISHING People stopped wandering and settled down in permanent settlements Discovered art of farming and animal husbandry Period
[Show full text]
Megaliths and Geology: a Journey Through Monuments, Landscapes and Peoples
Megaliths and Geology Megálitos e Geologia MEGA-TALKS 2 19-20 November 2015 (Redondo, Portugal) Edited by Rui Boaventura, Rui Mataloto and André Pereira Access Archaeology aeopr ch es r s A A y c g c e o l s o s e A a r c Ah Archaeopress Publishing Ltd Summertown Pavilion 18-24 Middle Way Summertown Oxford OX2 7LG www.archaeopress.com ISBN 978-1-78969-641-7 ISBN 978-1-78969-642-4 (e-Pdf) © the individual authors and Archaeopress 2020 Financial support for the meeting Mega-Talks 2 has been provided by the project Moving megaliths in the Neolithic (PTDC/EPH-ARQ/3971/2012), funded by FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal) and the Municipality of Redondo (Portugal). All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owners. This book is available direct from Archaeopress or from our website www.archaeopress.com Contents Introduction: Megaliths and Geology: a journey through monuments, landscapes and peoples ........................... iii Moving megaliths in the Neolithic - a multi analytical case study of dolmens in Freixo-Redondo (Alentejo, Portugal). Rui Boaventura, Patrícia Moita, Jorge Pedro, Rui Mataloto, Luis Almeida, Pedro Nogueira, Jaime Máximo, André Pereira, José Francisco Santos & Sara Ribeiro ............................................................... 1 Funerary megalithism in the south of Beira Interior: architectures, spoils and cultural sequences. João Luís Cardoso .................................................................................................................................................................. 25 A look at Proença-a-Nova’s Megalithism (Beira Baixa Intermunicipal Community, UNESCO Global Geopark Naturtejo, Portugal).
[Show full text]
Megaliths in Ancient India and Their Possible Association to Astronomy1
MEGALITHS IN ANCIENT INDIA AND THEIR POSSIBLE ASSOCIATION TO ASTRONOMY1 Mayank N. Vahia Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India And Manipal Advanced Research Group, Manipal University Manipal – 576104, Karnataka, India. E-mail: [email protected] Srikumar M. Menon Faculty of Architecture, Manipal Institite of Technology Manipal – 576104, Karnataka, India. E-mail: [email protected] Riza Abbas Indian Rock Art Research Centre, Nashik (a division of Indian Numismatic, Historical and Cultural Research Foundation), Nashik E-mail: [email protected] Nisha Yadav Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The megalithic monuments of peninsular India, believed to have been erected in the Iron Age (1500BC – 200AD), can be broadly categorized into sepulchral and non-sepulchral in purpose. Though a lot of work has gone into the study of these monuments since Babington first reported megaliths in India in 1823, not much has been understood about the knowledge systems extant in the period these were built – in science and engineering, especially mathematics and astronomy. We take a brief look at the archaeological understanding of megaliths, before taking a detailed assessment of a group of megaliths (in the south Canara region of Karnataka state in South India) that were hitherto assumed to be haphazard clusters of menhirs. Our surveys have indicated positive correlation of sight-lines with sunrise and sunset points on the horizon for both summer and winter solstices. We identify 5 such monuments in the region and present the survey results for one of the sites, demonstrating the astronomical implications. We also discuss the possible use of the typologies of megaliths known as stone alignments/avenues as calendar devices.
[Show full text]
Island Meditation Parkland Features Stonehenge-Like Monuments
Island Meditation Parkland features Stonehenge-like Monuments (SEATTLE, Washington) - On a 72-acre parcel logged 20 years ago, forest, streams, ponds, and a peat bog have found new life as "Earth Sanctuary." A 500-year master plan for its restoration now guides the future of this Whidbey Island nature reserve and meditation parkland north of Seattle. More than 4,000 plants from 60 native species are being planted in the first phase of the plan, according to Dan Borroff, the project's award-winning landscape designer. The remarkable project created by a remarkable visionary, Chuck Pettis, has the environmental goal of restoring the landscape's old growth forest, wetlands, and streams - as well as providing habitat for the greatest possible diversity of bird and animal species native to Whidbey Island. See http://www.EarthSanctuary.org. "Earth Sanctuary is designed to restore wholeness to the human spirit, as well as to the natural environment" says Pettis, noted for his megalithic Stonehenge-like environmental artworks, as well as his writings. Visitors, on a reservation basis, are welcome to walk the two miles of Earth Sanctuary's forested paths and to meditate at the sites of the environmental artworks. The stone structures, designed as focal points for meditation, include a labyrinth, a dolmen, and a stone circle. In Borroff's view, planning for human response - both emotional and intellectual - is an integral part of good design. He describes his plant placement choices as "enhanced environmentalism." Borroff believes that the project will "nurture our spirit and transform and re-empower our passion for the land." Pettis, author of Secrets of Sacred Space: Discover and Create Places of Power ($20, Llewellyn), has financed the entire project with personal funds.
[Show full text]
New Discoveries and Documentation of Megalithic Structes in Juffain Dolmen Archaeological Field, Jordan
Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry, Vol. 18, No 1, (2018), pp. 175-197 Copyright © 2018 MAA Open Access. Printed in Greece. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1161357 NEW DISCOVERIES AND DOCUMENTATION OF MEGALITHIC STRUCTES IN JUFFAIN DOLMEN ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELD, JORDAN Atef Shiyab1, Kennett Schath, Hussein Al-jarrah, Firas Alawneh2, Wassef Al Sekheneh1 1Faculty of Archaeology and Anthropology-Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan. 2Department of Conservation Science, Queen Rania Faculty of Tourism & Heritage, Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127 Postal Code 13115 Zarqa, Jordan Received: 02/01/2018 Accepted: 02/02/2018 Corresponding Author: Firas Alawneh ([email protected]) ABSTRACT The research presented here is about documentation, analysis and sharing new discoveries of Juffain mega- lithic field. Using Geographic information system (GIS) to produce topographical maps is the basis for the conservation and the development of a Dolmen Heritage Park. A previous survey with Perugia University, was performed in 2016, which provide insight about the high density of megalithic structures and study of structure distribution. While collecting data for a topographical map, of the structural types there are two different categories, single and centers. Single structures are those that stand alone they are, D, Dolmens; TU, Tumulus; T, Tomb; PA – Patio, W – Wall, CA – Cave, CIS - Cistern, S – Silo, P – Press, QS – Quarry Stone, C – Circle and SS – Standing Stone. Five major stunning discoveries relating to the dolmen culture is found. In rank of Importance, here are the discoveries: (1) borders and boundaries, show that each of the dolmen groups stand alone, (2) domestic meeting places point to a sedentary society, (3) quarries and cup hole cen- ters demonstrate a high scale of distribution of central places, and (4) ritualistic centers indicates a higher level of human relationship.
[Show full text]
Prehistoric Western Art 40,000 – 2,000 BCE
Prehistoric Western Art 40,000 – 2,000 BCE Introduction Prehistoric Europe was an evolving melting pot of developing cultures driven by the arrival of Homo sapiens, migrating from Africa by way of southwest Asia. Mixing and mingling of numerous cultures over the Upper Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic periods in Europe stimulated the emergence of innovative advancements in farming, food preparation, animal domestication, community development, religious traditions and the arts. This report tracks European cultural developments over these prehistoric periods, Figure 1 Europe and the Near East emphasizing each period’s (adapted from Janson’s History of Art, 8th Edition) evolving demographic effects on art development. Then, representative arts of the periods are reviewed by genre, instead of cultural or timeline sequence, in order to better appreciate their commonalities and differences. Appendices identify Homo sapien roots in Africa and selected timeline events that were concurrent with prehistoric human life in Europe. Prehistoric Homo Sapiens in Europe Genetic, carbon dating and archeological evidence suggest that our own species, Homo sapiens, first appeared between 150 and 200 thousand years ago in Africa and migrated to Europe and Asia. The earliest archeological finds that exhibit all the characteristics of modern humans, including large rounded brain cases and small faces and teeth, date to 190 thousand years ago at Omo, Ethiopia. 1 IBM announced in 2011 that the Genographic Project, charting human genetic data, supports a southern route of human migration from Africa via the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait in Arabia, suggesting a role for Southwest Asia in the “Out of Africa” expansion of modern humans.
[Show full text]
A Dolmen in the Talmud
10 A DOL~iE~ l~ THE TALMUD. 34. Festuca ovina,-var. pinifolia. Hackel in litt., Flor. Or., V, 617. Higher Lebanon. 35. Scleropoa maritima. L. Sp. 128.-Coast near Sidon. 36. Bromusflabellatus. Hack., Boiss., Flor. Or., V, 648.-Near Jeru- salem. 37. Bromus alopecurus. Poir. Voy., II, 100.-Galilee and the coast. 38. Bromus squm-ros1ts.-L. Sp. 112.-Lebanon. 39. Bromus brachystachys. Hornung. Fl., XVI, 2, p. 418.-By the Jordan. 40. Brachypodium pinnatum. L. Sp. 115.-Lower Lebanon. 41. Agropyrum panormitanum. Pari. PI., var. Sic. II, p. 20.-Hermon. 42. Agropyrum repens. L. Sp. 128.-Lebanon. 43 . Agropyrum elongatum. Hort., Gr. Austr., II, 15.-Near Beyrout. 44. ..!Egilops bicornis. Forsk., Descr., 26.-Sandy places, coast. 45. Psilurus nardoides. 'frin. Fund., I, 73.-Coast and interior. 46. Hordeum secalinum. Schreb. Spic., 148.-'fhe Lejah. 47. Elymus delileanus. Schultz. Mant., 2, 424.-nentral Palestine. H. B. 'fRISTRAM. Durham, 26th November, 1884. A DOLMEN IN THE TALMUD. " RABBI IsHMAEL said, 'Three stones beside each other at the side of the image of Markulim are forbidden, but two are allowed. But the wise say when they are within his view they are forbidden, but when they are not within his view they are allowed.'" (Mishnah Aboda Zarah, iv, l.) This passage from the tract treating of "Strange Worship" refers to the idolatry of the second and third centuries A.D., before the establish ment of Christianity by Constantine. R. Ishmael was a contemporary of Akiha (circa 135 A.D.). From the Babylonian Talmud (Baba Metzia 25 b) we learn that· these three stones near the "Menhir of Mercury" (for Markulim was Mercury or Herrnes, the god of the pillar) were arranged two side by side and the third laid flat across.
[Show full text]
Climate Risk Assessment for Heart of Neolithic Orkney World Heritage Site
UHI Research Database pdf download summary Climate Risk Assessment for Heart of Neolithic Orkney World Heritage property Jon Day; Scott Heron; Ewan Hyslop; Rebecca Jones; Adam Markham; Alice Lyall; Downes, Jane; Gibson, Julie Publication date: 2019 Publisher rights: ©2019 The Authors The re-use license for this item is: CC BY-NC The Document Version you have downloaded here is: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to author version on UHI Research Database Citation for published version (APA): Jon Day, Scott Heron, Ewan Hyslop, Rebecca Jones, Adam Markham, Alice Lyall, Downes, J., & Gibson, J. (2019). Climate Risk Assessment for Heart of Neolithic Orkney World Heritage property: An application of the Climate Vulnerability Index. Historic Environment Scotland. https://www.historicenvironment.scot/archives-and- research/publications/publication/?publicationId=c6f3e971-bd95-457c-a91d-aa77009aec69 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the UHI Research Database are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights: 1) Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the UHI Research Database for the purpose of private study or research. 2) You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain 3) You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the UHI Research Database Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us at [email protected] providing details; we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.
[Show full text]
The Moon, the Bonfire and the Beaker? Analysing White Inlay from Beaker Pottery
3722_PAST 65:PAST 55 25/6/10 09:36 Page 3 AST NUMBER 65 July 2010 THE NEWSLETTER OF THE PREHISTORIC SOCIETY Registered Office University College London, Institute of Archaeology, 31–34 Gordon Square, London WC1H 0PY http://www.prehistoricsociety.org/ PTHE MOON, THE BONFIRE AND THE BEAKER? ANALYSING WHITE INLAY FROM BEAKER POTTERY 6 IN ABERDEENSHIRE 5 The Beaker pottery of Aberdeenshire stands out, quietly but clearly. Placed within the unassuming protection of ‘flat’ short-cists on gravel slopes and knolls, many have been discovered and excavated over the last two centuries. This has resulted in a well-contextualised sample of Beakers in the collections of the University of Aberdeen and National Museums Scotland, which has been studied by a notable series of scholars, from Margaret Crichton Mitchell to Ian Shepherd, resulting in a fine body of specialist/site reports and syntheses. Building on these foundations, the recent Leverhulme Trust- funded Beakers and Bodies Project based in Marischal Museum, University of Aberdeen, has included archival research, osteological analysis, a critical appraisal of existing dates, evaluation of burial assemblages, 40 new radiocarbon dates and stable isotope analyses and the investigation of white infill within incised and comb-impressed decoration. This surface finish is particularly striking in contrast Beaker from Borrowstone, cist 2, Kingswells, City of Aberdeen to reddish/buff burnished, undecorated zones. (ABDUA 15640) Of the 54 Beakers examined under stereo four Beakers using Raman spectroscopy has microscope, 31 (57%) had clear evidence of white indicated that this was in the form of calcium paste, while a further 5 (9%) were probable and a hydroxyapatite - the major inorganic constituent of minimum of 7 (13%) were possible cases, making bone.
[Show full text]
Megaliths-Constructing Dolmen- Goa Docx
MEGALITHS, CONSTRUCTING DOLMENS, GOA-20 In prehistoric times a large amount of thought and effort was put into treatment of the dead and their departure from among the living. The fact that the community expended tremendous amount of time and energy to lug the huge stones over long distances, suggest that they considered it important to honor their dead leaders even in death. It also indicates their belief in the afterlife and the possibility of communication with the spiritual world. The structures are usually burial markers of reverence for people of importance, but also sometimes places of ritual and worship. Construction of large stone monuments during the Neolithic/Megalithic era was not an easy task.1 The four dolmens along the Three King’s Way aligned along an ancient trail extending from Arossim to Cuelim, reported earlier,2 may have been constructed as shown below. Over time, when they were not maintained periodically after the monsoons, and the dirt mound having eroded, left only the stone skeletal structure, as dolmens.3 Quarried rectangular stone wells seen in proximity of the trail, at the foothills of Cuelim, most likely provided the large stones transported over logs (and assembled on site) along the specifically raised mud trail that extends from Cuelim to Arossim (the King’s Trail) and further south. This technique of moving heavy objects is still practiced by local fishermen to land their boats ashore. Fig. 1 Megalith being dragged by several people over tree logs Fig. 2 The capping megalith raised by pulling along an inclined plane (Source: adapted from Wikipedia)4 and covered as a mound Fig.3 Dolmen at Cuelim when it was partially excavated to expose the buttressing stones Unlike the reinforced foundation of the dolmen in Cuelim (shown above), the one in partial ruins in Arossim, when excavated, was found to be without any buttressing, suggesting that it may have been erected for a different purpose, possibly as a place for rituals and worship.
[Show full text]