2018 Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR)

In fulfilment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management

May 2018

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 i

Local Authority Carmen Cubillas Martinez Officer

Department Environmental Protection

South Oxfordshire District Council, 135 Eastern Address Avenue, Milton Park, Abingdon, OX14 4SB

Telephone 01235 422129

E-mail [email protected]

Report Reference SODC ASR 2018 number

Date May 2018

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 ii Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area Air Quality in South Oxfordshire

Air pollution is associated with a number of adverse health impacts. It is recognised as a contributing factor in the onset of heart disease and cancer. Additionally, air pollution particularly affects the most vulnerable in society: children and older people, and those with heart and lung conditions. There is also often a strong correlation with equalities issues, because areas with poor air quality are also often the less affluent areas1,2.

The annual health cost to society of the impacts of particulate matter alone in the UK is estimated to be around £16 billion3.

If there is a risk of the public being significantly exposed to a pollutant, then the local authority is required to designate an appropriate Air Quality Management Area (AQMA). South Oxfordshire District Council (SODC) declared AQMA’s in three towns within the District: Henley, Wallingford and Watlington, all because of high levels of

NO2 from traffic fumes. These can be viewed at the following link: https://oxfordshire.air-quality.info/

The air pollution results from 2017 show a decrease in pollution levels from 2016 in some areas of the District, although some others don’t follow the general downward trend of pollution.

In collaboration with partners like Oxfordshire County Council, SODC has put in place some planned measures to reduce NO2 levels in the AQMAs and across the entire district.

Actions to Improve Air Quality

In order to improve air quality within the district the council have undertaken a number of initiatives over the past year:

Low Emission Strategy

One of the actions within our air quality action plan was the production of a Low Emission Strategy4 (LES) which would be underpinned by low emission zone modelling.

1 Environmental equity, air quality, socioeconomic status, and respiratory health, 2010 2 Air quality and social deprivation in the UK: an environmental inequalities analysis, 2006 3 Defra. Abatement cost guidance for valuing changes in air quality, May 2013

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 iii As a result of a further successful DEFRA bid in 2014 the creation of a LES and associated modelling was completed in 2015, showing that if all the measures are implemented then the improvements to air quality would mean the AQMA’s in Wallingford and Watlington could be revoked and the Nitrogen Dioxide levels in these towns would be within the national objective levels.

The Low Emission Strategy was adopted in November 2017 and some of its main actions are:

- Promoting low emission behaviours

- Supporting the uptake of electric and low emission vehicles

- Implementing a low emission freight and bus strategy.

- Using planning and procurement to drive the long-term vision of reducing emissions from transport

Figure 1. EV charging point located in Goldsmiths Lane Car park, Wallingford

Each of these themes are not separate but overlap and will work together as a coherent whole to provide an effective LES. For example, the electric vehicle strategy will use planning and procurement powers to promote the uptake of vehicles, and the low

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 iv emission behaviour theme includes eco-driving and anti-idling campaigns that will also be reflected in the bus and freight emission strategies.

Joint Working:

In order to tackle air pollution, SODC have to work in partnership with a number of other bodies including Oxfordshire County Council (OCC) and other local authorities within Oxfordshire, regular meetings are held to enable joint working. Our joint website6 continues to be a hit.

Our group meetings now include representatives from public health as well as OCC to further work towards a joint approach.

Conclusions and Priorities

3 Exceedances of the annual mean concentration objective (40 µg NO2/m ) have been recorded during 2017 in all three declared AQMAs and also in other areas of the district in 10 occasions, 3 more than last year.

Although the monitoring data suggests a downward NO2 concentration trend, this is only the case of Wallingford and Henley. Some other areas like Watlington’s AQMA,

Thame, Chinnor and areas near the M40 have suffered significant increases in NO2 levels, suggesting the potential need for new AQMAs in the district.

The main air quality measures South Oxfordshire would like to progress during 2018 aiming to reduce NO2 emissions are: • Further implementation of South Oxfordshire’s Low Emission Strategy

• The installation of more electric vehicle (EV) charging points within some of the council owned car parks

• Work towards some community engagement projects

The adoption of these measures, stated in the LES and described above, will progress and improve during 2018 and the next few years.

However, the LES will face challenges since some of its measures are controversial and therefore may not gain political support.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 v Another challenge is the continuation of the issue that South Oxfordshire lost its five- year land supply in 2015. This has meant a number of planning decisions have been lost at appeal and the planning department are struggling to uphold many of the planning conditions recommended. This has meant air quality conditions have in some cases been deemed too onerous and not included or simply not upheld at appeal.

Local Engagement and How to get Involved

There are many ways in which the public can get involved in helping to improve air quality in their area, from using your car less, driving more efficiently when you do have to drive or considering a cleaner vehicle when you choose to upgrade your car.

Many smart travel choices and other tips to reduce air pollution can be found in the links below:

• https://www.oxfordshire.gov.uk/cms/public-site/travel-choices

• http://www.traveline.info/

• https://oxfordshire.air-quality.info/what-can-you-do-to-improve-air-quality

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 vi Table of Contents

Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area ...... iii Air Quality in South Oxfordshire ...... iii Actions to Improve Air Quality ...... iii Conclusions and Priorities ...... v Local Engagement and How to get Involved ...... vi 1 Local Air Quality Management ...... 1 2 Actions to Improve Air Quality ...... 2 2.1 Air Quality Management Areas ...... 2 2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in South Oxfordshire District Council...... 4

2.3 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and/or Concentrations...... 10 3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance ...... 11 3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken ...... 11 3.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 11 3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites...... 11 3.2 Individual Pollutants ...... 11

3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)...... 12 Appendix A: Monitoring Results ...... 14 Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2017 ...... 38 Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC ...... 42 Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs ...... 44 Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England ...... 47 Glossary of Terms ...... 48 References ...... 49 Other references ...... 49

List of Tables Table 2.1 – Declared Air Quality Management Areas ...... 3 Table 2.2 – Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality ...... 6

List of Figures Figure 1. EV charging point located in Goldsmiths Lane Car park, Wallingford...... iv

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 vii 1 Local Air Quality Management This report provides an overview of air quality in South Oxfordshire during 2017. It fulfils the requirements of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995) and the relevant Policy and Technical Guidance documents.

The LAQM process places an obligation on all local authorities to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas, and to determine whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved. Where an exceedance is considered likely the local authority must declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) setting out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives. This Annual Status Report (ASR) is an annual requirement showing the strategies employed by South Oxford District Council to improve air quality and any progress that has been made.

The statutory air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England can be found in Table E.1 in Appendix E.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 1 2 Actions to Improve Air Quality 2.1 Air Quality Management Areas

Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) are declared when there is an exceedance or likely exceedance of an air quality objective. After declaration, the authority must prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) within 12-18 months setting out measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of compliance with the objectives.

A summary of AQMAs declared by South Oxford District Council can be found in Table 2.1. Further information related to declared or revoked AQMAs, including maps of AQMA boundaries are available online at https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/aqma/local- authorities?la_id=246

Alternatively, see Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs, which provides for a map of air quality monitoring locations in relation to the AQMA(s).

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 2 Table 2.1 – Declared Air Quality Management Areas Is air Level of Exceedance (maximum quality in monitored/modelled Action Plan the concentration at a location of Pollutant AQMA relevant exposure) s and Air influence AQMA Date of City / One Line Quality d by Name Declaration Town Description Objectiv roads At Date of es controlle Now Name Link Declaration Publication d by Highways England? An area encompassing Duke Street and https://oxfordshire.air- Bell Street Air Quality NO2 quality.info/loal-air- (2002). Further Action Plan Henley 01/01/2003 Annual Henley NO 45.1 µg/m3 53.03 µg/m3 2014 quality- extended (2004) 2014: Mean management/south- to include the Henley oxfordshire Market Place, Hart street and Reading Road. An area encompassing https://oxfordshire.air- the High Street Air Quality NO2 quality.info/loal-air- and part of Action Plan Wallingford 28/03/2008 Annual Wallingford NO 48.3 µg/m3 40.03 µg/m3 2014 quality- Castle Street, St 2014: Mean management/south- Marys Street, Wallingford oxfordshire and St Martins Street An area https://oxfordshire.air- Air Quality NO2 encompassing quality.info/loal-air- Action Plan Watlington 31/03/2009 Annual Watlington Shirburn Street, NO 51.3 µg/m3 58.43 µg/m3 2014 quality- 2014: Mean Couching Street, management/south- Watlington and Brook street oxfordshire

☒ South Oxfordshire District Council confirm the information on UK-Air regarding their AQMA(s) is up to date

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 3 2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in South Oxfordshire District Council

Defra’s appraisal of last year concluded that the increases in NO2 were evident throughout the district, mainly owing to unusually low levels recorded in 2016. The 2017 data was in line with the general 5 year downward trend (excluding 2015).

In 2017, out of the 52 monitoring locations seven exceedances of the annual mean were recorded. Exceedances were seen in each of the three AQMA’s highlighting the requirement to keep the AQMA’s in place. An exceedance was also noted in Didcot, the one location in the district that didn’t follow the five-year downward trend and instead showed an increase in pollution levels when compared to the 2016 levels, this was likely to be a result of the significant levels of development within the area leading to an increase in vehicle numbers.

South Oxford District Council has taken forward a number of direct measures during the current reporting year of 2017 in pursuit of improving local air quality. Details of all measures completed, in progress or planned are set out in

Table 2.2.

More detail on these measures can be found in their respective Action Plans: https://oxfordshire.air-quality.info/documents/air_quality_action_plan.pdf.

Key completed measures are:

- The adoption of SODC’s Low Emission Strategy in Oct 2017

- Creation of four charging points for LEVs in Council owned car parks: two in Henley and another two in Wallingford (shown above in Figure 1)

- Supporting and funding community projects like the Wallingford Festival of Cycling

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 4 - The creation of Oxfordshire AQ website to raise awareness

- Making available at SODC’s website a Guidance for Developers document

South Oxford District Council expects the following measures to be completed over the course of the next reporting year:

- Further implementation of the Low Emission Strategy, which will progressively take place during the following years. If fully

implemented a reduction of 16% NO2 would be seen in Wallingford, 35% in Watlington (allowing to revoke these two AQMAs) and an overall 5% reduction district wide.

- Engaging on community projects to support travel behaviour change, reducing traffic and, therefore, emissions.

- Installation of more electric vehicle charging points within Council owned car parks as the start of the EV infrastructure programme.

South Oxfordshire District Council’s main priority for the coming year is to strengthen the partnership we have with other authorities and bodies. To continue to deliver some of the actions laid out in our Action Plan5 as laid out above and to further implement the LES to enable us to deliver upon this. All of these measures will serve to improve the air quality within the district as well as ensuring more sustainable development within the district as well as increasing community awareness.

Progress on the following measures has been slower than expected due to: some measures depending mainly on third parties for progress, lack of resources or depending on changing policies. The principal challenge and barrier to implementation that South Oxford District Council faces is that some of the measures in the Low Emission Strategy are controversial and therefore may not gain political support.

Whilst the measures stated above and in

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 5 Table 2.2 will help to contribute towards compliance, South Oxford District Council anticipates that further additional measures not yet prescribed will be required in subsequent years to achieve compliance and enable the revocation of Wallingford’s, Watlington’s and Henley’s AQMAs.

Table 2.2 – Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality

Reduction Organisations Estimated / Key in Pollutant Comments / Measure EU EU involved and Planning Implementation Progress to Actual Measure Performance / Emission Barriers to No. Category Classification Funding Phase Phase Date Completion Indicator from implementation Source Date Measure

If fully implemented a reduction Regional of 16% NO2 Groups Co- would be LES adopted in ordinating seen in Nov 2017. Policy programmes Wallingford, LES New policies Further Guidance to develop 35% in (Action 1 in in place. NO2 implementation 1 and area-wide SODC 2016 2017 Watlington Ongoing Unknown Action Plan levels will progressively Development Strategies to (enabling us (AQAP)) reduced take place during Control reduce to revoke the following emissions and these 2 year(s) improve air AQMAs) and quality an overall 5% reduction districtwide. Four charging points installed in Henley and Installation Wallingford Further of EV New policies Council owner development of Transport charging in place, EV Not car parks. our air quality 2 Planning and Other SODC 2016 2017 Ongoing points infrastructure Quantified planning Infrastructure (Action 2 in in place Property based guidance is AQAP) charging points proposed. are being secured through the

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 6 planning process

Looking to install more in the future Parking permit Promoting Discounted incentives Priority Dependant on Low permits for Not Not Yet 3 for green parking for SODC - - Unknown changing internal Emission greener Quantified Started vehicles LEV's policies Transport vehicles (Action 3 in AQAP) Feasibility study for Route freight Management Not consolidation Talks underway, Freight and Plans/ Quantified: centre / Study Funding not progress 4 Delivery Strategic OCC - - likely to be Unknown freight completion yet secured dependant on Management routing high if quality OCC strategy for implemented partnerships HGV's (Action 4 in AQAP) Policy changed, we'd like to Taxi improve on the Promoting incentives Policy needs to planning. Minor Low Taxi Licensing Full sliding Not 5 for LEVs SODC - - be looked at Unknown changes made Emission conditions scale for fees Quantified (Action 5 in again regarding Transport AQAP) implementation, we'd like to go further Improved use and enforcement Further Progress of traffic Traffic checks & Not Talks in 6 Other OCC - - Unknown dependant on regulation Management monitoring Quantified Progress OCC orders underway (Action 6 in AQAP)

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 7 Not Our waste Company Review of Quantified – contractor Vehicle New Policies Council and Promoting Early stages (Biffa) has Procurement - in Place; contractors Low of new fleet, updated its Resource 7 Prioritising SODC - - Greener Unknown fleet Emission but reduced entire fleet to dependant uptake of low Vehicles (Action 7 in Transport fuel usage Euro 6 vehicle emission Procured AQAP) across the in October vehicles fleet (~5%) 2017.

Need to await Eco-driver Driver training contracting out of training Vehicle Fleet Training Not Not Yet 8 and ECO SODC - - Unknown services, before (Action 8 in Efficiency Complete Quantified Started driving aids we can review AQAP) this

Guidance for Policy Developers AQ planning Air Quality All Guidance available in guidance Planning and developments Not 9 and SODC 2012 2014 Complete 2014 website, (Action 9 in Policy adhering to Quantified Development proposing to AQAP) Guidance guidance Control update in 2018/19

Community Ongoing. 2017 Promoting projects Projects Not Some projects Wallingford 10 Travel Other SODC 2014 2017 Unknown (Action 10 in completed Quantified already Festival of Alternatives AQAP) completed Cycling funded

Oxfordshire Website6 complete. Awareness Number of Complete, Further work campaigns Public campaigns Not 11 Other SODC 2008 2009 further work Unknown proposed for (Action 10 in Information and sources Quantified proposed. 2018/19 raising AQAP) of information public awareness and school visits.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 8 Further work Behavioural proposed for change Promoting Projects Not Not Yet 2018/19 raising 12 projects Travel Other SODC - - Unknown completed Quantified Started public (Action 10 in Alternatives awareness and AQAP) school visits.

Further work Number of 2-3% fuel Anti-idling proposed for campaigns. savings, Campaigns Public Via other 2018/19 raising 13 SODC 2017 - NO2 emission Ongoing Unknown (Action 6 in Information mechanisms public emissions savings less AQAP) awareness and reduced clear school visits.

Further work "Park and proposed for Stride" Alternatives Projects Not Not Yet 2018/19 raising 14 Campaign to private Other SODC - - Unknown completed Quantified Started public (Action A2 in vehicle use awareness and AQAP) school visits.

Further work "Cut Your proposed for Engine" Vehicle Fleet Projects Not Not Yet 2018/19 raising 15 Campaign Other SODC - - Unknown Efficiency completed Quantified Started public (Action A3 in awareness and AQAP) school visits.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 9 2.3 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and/or Concentrations

As detailed in Policy Guidance LAQM.PG16 (Chapter 7), local authorities are expected to work towards reducing emissions and/or concentrations of PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less). There is clear evidence that PM2.5 has a significant impact on human health, including premature mortality, allergic reactions, and cardiovascular diseases.

South Oxford District Council is taking the following measures to address PM2.5: All the actions in our action plan serve not only to help reduce NO2 emissions but also those of PM2.5, the council are also engaging with the local health and well-being board to help raise the profile of air quality with a view to link in more closely with the health agenda in the future.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 10 3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance 3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken

3.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites

This section sets out what monitoring has taken place and how it compares with objectives.

South Oxford District Council undertook automatic (continuous) monitoring at 3 sites during 2017. Table A.1 in Appendix A shows the details of the sites. NB. Local authorities do not have to report annually on the following pollutants: 1,3 butadiene, benzene, carbon monoxide and lead, unless local circumstances indicate there is a problem. National monitoring results are available at https://uk- air.defra.gov.uk/interactive-map.

Maps showing the location of the monitoring sites are provided in Appendix D. Further details on how the monitors are calibrated and how the data has been adjusted are included in Appendix C.

3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

South Oxford District Council undertook non- automatic (passive) monitoring of NO2 at 62 sites during 2017. Table A.2 in Appendix A shows the details of the sites.

Maps showing the location of the monitoring sites are provided in https://oxfordshire.air-quality.info/ . Further details on Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) for the diffusion tubes, including bias adjustments and any other adjustments applied (e.g. “annualisation” and/or distance correction), are included in Appendix C.

3.2 Individual Pollutants

The air quality monitoring results presented in this section are, where relevant, adjusted for bias, “annualisation” and distance correction. Further details on adjustments are provided in Appendix C.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 11 3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

Table A.3 in Appendix A compares the ratified and adjusted monitored NO2 annual mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 40µg/m3.

For diffusion tubes, the full 2017 dataset of monthly mean values is provided in Appendix B.

Table A.4 in Appendix A compares the ratified continuous monitored NO2 hourly mean concentrations for the past five years with the air quality objective of 200µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 18 times per year. As shown in Table A.4, no exceedances of this objective have occurred in South Oxfordshire District according to the continous analysers.

According to the bias corrected data, the annual mean concentration objective was, however, exceeded 10 times across the district, with the exceedances taking place in all three AQMA (1 in Wallingford, 4 in Watlington and 1 in Henley- plus one in Chinnor, one in Didcot, one in Thame and another one registered at the monitong location near M40). This highlights the requirement to keep the AQMA’s in place and continue to apply the emission lowering measures described above further across the entire district and specifically within the AQMAs.

Comparing this year’s results to those in 2016 we can appreciate that:

- In Wallingford NO2 levels were in 2017 lower than those of 2016. However, monitoring shows how the annual mean in central areas of the AQMA (like S19- 21 in High Street shown in Fig A.1.1) remains above the national objective of 40µg/m3.

- In Henley, recorded 2017 NO2 levels were lower than those of 2016 too. Again, in central areas of the AQMA (like Duke Street, as shown in Fig A.1.2) the annual mean remains above the national objective of 40µg/m3.

- In Watlington not only are the concentration values significantly higher than those in 2016 (Figure A.1.3), but there have been exceedances of the annual mean objective in 50% of the monitored locations.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 12 Outside the borders of the three AQMAs, concentracions of NO2 have increased with respect to last years’ in some areas (as showed on Fig A.1.4 and A.1.5), this is the case of Thame (S29 & S73), Chinnor and locations near the M40 in Tetsworth (S57).

Regarding the five-year trend followed in the AQMAs, in the case of Henley and

Wallingford the results suggest a progressive decrease in NO2 emmissions during the last five years, with 2015 showing exceptionally low values. However, the situation in

Watlington is much different since the data suggest that NO2 levels have followed an upward trend in the last five years.

In the remaining locations in which excedeences where registered, located out of the AQMAs, an increasing trend is also shown in Thame (Fig A.1.4), Chinnor and Tetsworth. Which suggest at some point in the future they might need to be designated as AQMAs if this trend were to continue.

On the other hand, Didcot, which in 2016 registered a higher NO2 mean concentration than in 2015, has registered in 2017 lower levels, breaking with this increasing trend. However, one of the exceedances was recorded in Didcot Station Rd, where levels of

NO2, although lower than in previous years, are significantly over the national objective.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 13 Appendix A: Monitoring Results

Table A.1 – Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites

Distance Distance to to kerb of Inlet X OS Y OS Pollutants In Monitoring Relevant Site ID Site Name Site Type nearest Height Grid Ref Grid Ref Monitored AQMA? Technique Exposure road (m) (m) (m) (1) (2)

Wallingford Wallingford Roadside 189500 189500 NO2 YES Chemiluminescent 0 1.2 1.5 83 High St

Henley Henley Roadside 476116 182531 NO2 YES Chemiluminescent 0 3.5 1.5 45 Duke St

Watlington Watlington Kerbside 468973 194487 NO2 YES Chemiluminescent 0 0.2 1.5 Town hall

Notes: (1) 0m if the monitoring site is at a location of exposure (e.g. installed on the façade of a residential property). (2) N/A if not applicable.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 14 Table A.2 – Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

Distance Tube Distance to to collocated Site X OS Grid Y OS Grid Pollutants In kerb of Height Site Name Site Type Relevant with a ID Ref Ref Monitored AQMA? nearest road (m) Exposure Continuous (m) (2) (m) (1) Analyser?

Henley On Thames – S42 Roadside 475870 183217 NO2 NO 3 2 NO 2.5 82 Northfield End

Henley on Thames – S40 82 Bell Street Roadside 476082 182952 NO2 NO 1 2 NO 2.5 (Atlantic House)

Henley On Thames – S41 Roadside 476209 182830 NO2 NO 1 2 NO 2.5 33 New Street

Henley On Thames – S65 Roadside 476305 182765 NO2 YES 3 2 NO 2.5 Thameside 23

Henley On Thames – S47 Kerbside 476113 182508 NO2 YES 1 1 NO 2.5 2 Greys’ Road

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 15 Henley On Thames – S46 Roadside 476175 182397 NO2 YES 3 2 NO 2.5 35 Reading Road

Henley On Thames – S43 Imperial Court, Roadside 476287 182288 NO2 NO 6 2 NO 2.5 Station Road

Henley On Thames – S45 Kerbside 476289 182078 NO2 NO 9 1 NO 2.5 Upton Close

Henley On Thames – Urban S48 45 Duke St analyser 476116 182531 NO2 YES 2 4 YES 1.5 Centre (co-location)

Henley On Thames – Urban S49 45 Duke St analyser 476116 182531 NO2 YES 2 4 YES 1.5 Centre (co-location)

Henley On Thames – Urban S50 45 Duke St analyser 476116 182531 NO2 YES 2 4 YES 1.5 Centre (co-location)

Henley On Thames – S51 Roadside 476075 182614 NO2 YES 1 2 NO 2.5 4 Duke Street

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 16 Henley On Thames – S52 Roadside 476224 182650 NO2 YES 0 2 NO 2.5 40 Hart Street

Henley On Thames – S53 Roadside 475999 182614 NO2 YES 0 3 NO 2.5 27 Market Place

Henley On Thames – S44 Roadside 476549 181734 NO2 NO 1 3 NO 2.5 178 Reading Road

Henley On Thames – S54 Suburban 475104 181557 NO2 NO 0 2 NO 2.5 15 Lovell Close

Henley On Thames – Urban S66 475880 182846 NO2 YES 0 2 NO 2.5 39 Kings Road Background

Near Post Office, Urban S6 454710 195562 NO2 NO 1 1 NO 2.5 Clifton Hampden Background

Didcot – 55 The S4 Roadside 453098 190031 NO2 NO 0 3 NO 2.5 Broadway

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 17 Didcot – 77 The S7 Broadway (co- Roadside 453022.981 190000.002 NO2 NO 0 2 NO 2.5 location)

Didcot – 77 The S8 Broadway (co- Roadside 453022.981 190000.002 NO2 NO 0 2 NO 2.5 location)

Didcot – 77 The S9 Broadway (co- Roadside 453022.981 190000.002 NO2 NO 0 2 NO 2.5 location)

Didcot – 110 The S11 Roadside 452868 189979 NO2 NO 0 2 NO 2.5 Broadway

Didcot – 20 Wantage S1 Kerbside 451780 189920 NO2 NO 9 1 NO 2.5 Road

Didcot – 100 Park S2 Roadside 451653 189384 NO2 NO 3 0 NO 2.5 Road

Didcot – Station S71 Road/ Great Western Roadside 452084 190694 NO2 NO 12 2 NO 2.5 Drive

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 18 Didcot - Station S72 Road/Meadow Roadside 451425 190943 NO2 NO 4 2 NO 2.5 Heights

Urban S5 Didcot – 5 Lune Close 453500 190385 NO2 NO 1 2 NO 2.5 Background

Benson - 11A S67 Suburban 461724 191785 NO2 NO 0 4 NO 2.5 Watlington Road

Crowmarsh Gifford - Urban S68 461299 189367 NO2 NO 1 2 NO 2.5 3A The Street Background

Wallingford – 102 S23 Kerbside 460937 189497 NO2 NO 0 1 NO 2.5 High Street

Wallingford – George Urban S19 Hotel, High St (co- 460799 189499 NO2 YES 0 2 YES 1.5 Centre location)

Wallingford – George Urban S20 Hotel, High St (co- 460799 189499 NO2 YES 0 2 YES 1.5 Centre location)

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 19 Wallingford – George Urban S21 Hotel, High St (co- 460799 189499 NO2 YES 0 2 YES 1.5 Centre location)

Wallingford – 33 S15 Roadside 460737 189556 NO2 YES 0 2 NO 2.5 Castle Street

Wallingford – 68 High S13 Roadside 460641 189483 NO2 YES 0 2 NO 2.5 Street

Wallingford – 2 S12 Roadside 460389 189498 NO2 NO 0 3 NO 2.5 Station Road

Wallingford – 10B St S18 Kerbside 460684 189290 NO2 NO 1 1 NO 2.5 Martins Street

Wallingford – 52 St S16 Roadside 460714 189279 NO2 NO 0 2 NO 2.5 Marys Street

Wallingford – 59 S17 Suburban 460284 188808 NO2 NO 14 1 NO 2.5 Brookmead Drive

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 20 Wallingford – Outside S69 Bartlett Close, Roadside 460471 188224 NO2 NO 15 2 NO 2.5 Reading Road

Wallingford – S70 Newnham Manor Roadside 461917 188424 NO2 NO 2 2 NO 1.5 Farm, A4074

Wallingford - 19 S63 Roadside 460152 189131 NO2 NO 5 2 NO 2.5 Hithercroft

Watlington – St S39 Suburban 468478.851 194720.915 NO2 NO 15 3 NO 2.5 Leonards Church

Watlington – 57 Brook S38 Roadside 468858 194290 NO2 YES 5 2 NO 2.5 Street

Watlington – 27 Brook S37 Roadside 468757 194360 NO2 YES 2 2 NO 2.5 Street

Watlington – 9 S36 Roadside 468853 194343 NO2 YES 3 2 NO 2.5 Couching St

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 21 Watlington – 41 S33 Couching Street (co- Roadside 468951 194457 NO2 YES 0 2 NO 2.5 location)

Watlington – 48-52 S32 Roadside 468961 194457 NO2 YES 0 2 NO 2.5 Couching Street

Watlington – 8 S30 Roadside 469017.458 194513.661 NO2 YES 0 2 NO 2.5 Shirburn Street

Watlington – 23 S31 Roadside 469061 194590 NO2 YES 0 2 NO 2.5 Shirburn Street

Tetsworth - 9 Adwell S57 Other 470199 200196 NO2 NO 0 15 (Motorway) NO 2.5 Cottages

Tetsworth - 10 Adwell S61 Other 470206 200191 NO2 NO 0 15 (Motorway) NO 2.5 Cottages

Chinnor – 3 Lower S26 Roadside 475251 201230 NO2 NO 3 3 NO 2.5 Road

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 22 Thame – Aylesbury S73 Roadside 470605 206554 NO2 NO 2 2 NO 2.5 Road

Thame – 16 Park S29 Roadside 471010 205598 NO2 NO 4 2 NO 2.5 Street

Thame – 89 Churchill S74 Crescent, off Kingsey Roadside 471695 205806 NO2 NO 0 2 NO 2.5 Road

Thame – 1 Ludlow Urban S28 471283 205977 NO2 NO 6 2 NO 2.5 Drive Background

Wheatley – 50 High S27 Kerbside 459532 205740 NO2 NO 0 1 NO 2.5 Street

Little Milton - S75 Plumtree Cottage, Kerbside 461901 200989 NO2 NO 0 1 NO 2.5 A329

Stadhampton – 2 S76 Kerbside 460280 198619 NO2 NO 1 1 NO 2.5 Cratlands Close

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 23 Stadhampton – S77 Holme Cottage, Kerbside 460163 198398 NO2 NO 0 1 NO 2.5 Newington Rd

Notes: (1) 0m if the monitoring site is at a location of exposure (e.g. installed on/adjacent to the façade of a residential property). (2) N/A if not applicable.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 24 Table A.3 – Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results

Valid Data 3 (3) Valid Data NO2 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m ) Capture for Site ID Site Type Monitoring Type Capture 2017 Monitoring (%) (2) Period (%) (1) 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

S1 Kerbside Diffusion Tube 91.67 91.67 28.7 29.3 25.8 30.8 27.21

S2 Roadside Diffusion Tube 83.33 83.33 23.2 25.8 29.5 27.9 24.97

S4 Suburban Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 36.9 37 30.7 36.3 33.63

S5 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 21.8 21 18.6 20.4 21.30

S6 Roadside Diffusion Tube 50.00 50.00 31.4 28.8 26.5 28.07 22.03

S7-9 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 33.3 35.2 29.8 33.9 30.73

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 25 S11 Roadside Diffusion Tube 91.67 91.67 33 34.2 29.5 35.2 29.96

S12 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 31.9 33.1 27.8 32 28.19

S13 Kerbside Diffusion Tube 75.00 75.00 34.6 35.1 28.2 32.6 28.92

S15 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 38.6 36.8 29.9 33.5 30.45

S16 Roadside Diffusion Tube 25.00 25.00 25.3 29.5 24.5 24.7 33.36

S17 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 18.7 13.7 11.5 15.8 16.42

S18 Urban Centre Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 29 31.7 26.7 29.55 30.34

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 26 S19-21 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 44.3 41.1 34.4 40.7 40.03

S23 Roadside Diffusion Tube 91.67 91.67 37.9 36.2 31.6 36.9 34.73

S26 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 37.2 35.1 30.1 32 41.00

S27 Suburban Diffusion Tube 91.67 91.67 29.6 28 23.8 26.8 25.82

S28 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 20.7 17.2 14.4 17.7 19.88

S29 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 26.9 27.1 24.4 27.9 31.11

S30 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 39.1 46.4 40.8 46.2 53.44

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 27 S31 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 51.3 45.1 34.7 37.5 42.53

S32 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 51.7 49.3 38.7 44.2 51.60

S33 Kerbside Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 52.2 55 43.9 50.2 58.43

S36 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 34.3 33.4 29.3 31.6 35.72

S37 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 34.2 28.3 25.3 36.5 39.49

S38 Roadside Diffusion Tube 83.33 83.33 33 35 26.2 27.9 34.22

S39 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 50.00 50.00 15.2 11.4 33.47 21.14

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 28 S40 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 83.33 83.33 40.9 39.7 32.5 33.2 29.38

S41 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 35.3 32.7 28.1 31.5 27.88

S42 Urban Centre Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 34.5 34.1 28.1 31.9 27.97

S43 Roadside Diffusion Tube 83.33 83.33 36.4 40.9 29.2 33.1 28.97

S44 Roadside Diffusion Tube 75.00 75.00 34.5 35.1 31 38 27.70

S45 Roadside Diffusion Tube 83.33 83.33 34.7 36.3 26.3 30.6 27.34

S46 Roadside Diffusion Tube 91.67 91.67 39.7 38.7 31.2 37 30.37

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 29 S47 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 43.7 44.5 34 40.5 34.56

S48-50 Suburban Diffusion Tube 91.67 91.67 37.5 39.5 30.2 36.5 30.24

S51 Roadside Diffusion Tube 66.67 66.67 51.8 58.8 47.1 47.4 45.22

S52 Roadside Diffusion Tube 91.67 91.67 38 43.3 36.5 38 35.08

S53 Suburban Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 33 29.5 27.5 33.5 27.48

S54 Roadside Diffusion Tube 83.33 83.33 18 21.5 12.4 14.7 12.38

S57 Roadside Diffusion Tube 75.00 75.00 38 37.9 35.6 33.6 52.07

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 30 S61 Roadside Diffusion Tube 83.33 83.33 36.7 40 36.5 39 34.44

S63 Roadside Diffusion Tube 91.67 91.67 21.2 24.2 20.3 25.1 21.41

S65 Roadside Diffusion Tube 58.33 58.33 38.1 33.9 39.3 39.3 35.78

S66 Roadside Diffusion Tube 83.33 83.33 27.6 25.7 22.7 26.4 23.88

S67 Other Diffusion Tube 41.67 41.67 24.4 23 18.1 25.78

S68 Other Diffusion Tube 83.33 83.33 23.2 25.6 19.2 22.2 22.51

S69 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 25.7 22.1 19.5 22.2 18.42

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 31 S70 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 39.4 43.6 33.6 39.8 32.69

S71 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 43.1 37.5 32.5 39.8 32.1

S72 Roadside Diffusion Tube 66.67 66.67 60.1 66 53.2 56.9 53.04

S73 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 44.2 40.5 34.1 36.9 44.35

S74 Kerbside Diffusion Tube 83.33 83.33 25.8 21.4 19.5 23.6 29.25

S75 Kerbside Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 34.8 37.7 32.3 36 32.59

S76 Kerbside Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 27.8 27.1 21.4 24 21.58

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 32 S77 Kerbside Diffusion Tube 100.00 100.00 30.7 29 23.3 30.1 26.28

Henley Roadside Automatic 66.71 66.71 34.5 34.1 28.1 31.9 28.20

Wallingford Roadside Automatic 52.88 52.88 42 40 33 37 35.42

Watlington Kerbside Automatic 89.67 89.67 39 38 35 37 32.00

☒ Diffusion tube data has been bias corrected ☒ Annualisation has been conducted where data capture is <75%

Notes: 3 Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m are shown in bold. 3 NO2 annual means exceeding 60µg/m , indicating a potential exceedance of the NO2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) Means for diffusion tubes have been corrected for bias. All means have been “annualised” as per Boxes 7.9 and 7.10 in LAQM.TG16 if valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 33

50 70 S13: 70 High S47: 2 Greys Street 60 Road 40 S17: 59 50 S51: 4 Duke Brookmead Street 30 Drive 40 S19-21: George S53: 23 Market Hotel 20 30 Place

S23:102 High 20 S54: Lovell 10 Street Close 10

NO2 Concentration (µg/m3) Concentration NO2 40 µg/m3 - NO2 Concentration (µg/m3) Concentration NO2 40 µg/m3 - 0 National 0 National 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Objective Level 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Objective Level Year Year

Figure A.1. 3 Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations in Wallingford Figure A.1. 4 Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations in Henley

70 S7-9: 77 The 70 S30: 8 Shirburn Broadway- Didcot 60 Street 60 S29: 16 Park Street- Thame 50 S33: 41 50 Couching Street S57: M40 9 40 Adwell Cottages S32: 48 40 Couching Street S73: 41 30 Aylesbury Road- 30 Thame S36: 9 20 40 µg/m3 - Couching Street 20 National NO2 Concentration (µg/m3) Concentration NO2 Objective Level

10 (µg/m3) Concentration NO2 40 µg/m3 - S72: Station Rd - 10 National Didcot 0 Objective Level 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 0 S26 3 Lowe Rd - Year 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Chinnor Year

Figure A.1. 1 Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations in Watlington Figure A.1. 2 District wide trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 34 WALLINGFORD- All results WATLINGTON- All results DIDCOT- All results 50 70 70

60 60 40 50 50

30 40 40

30 30 20 20 20 10

NO2 Concentration(µg/m3 10 10

NO2 Concentration (µg/m3) NO2Concentration NO2 Concentration(µg/m3 0 0 0 2012 2014 2016 2018 2012 2014 2016 2018 2012 2014 2016 2018 Year Year Year

HENLEY- All results CHINNOR, THAME, WHEATLEY, M40- All results 70 60 60 50 50 40 40 30 30 20 Figure A.1. 5 All measured 20 concentration results for Wallingford, 10

10 Watlington, Henley and other areas of NO2 Concentration (µg/m3 Concentration NO2 NO2 Concentration (µg/m3 Concentration NO2 the district 0 0 2012 2014 2016 2018 2012 2014 Year 2016 2018 Year

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 35 Figure A.1. 6 Trend in NO2 according to the automatic monitoring data for 2017

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 36

Table A.4 – 1-Hour Mean NO2 Monitoring Results

3 (3) NO2 1-Hour Means > 200µg/m Site Monitoring Valid Data Capture for Valid Data Capture Site ID Type Type Monitoring Period (%) (1) 2017 (%) (2) 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Henley Roadside Automatic 66.71 66.71 0 0 0 0 0

Wallingford Roadside Automatic 52.88 52.88 4 0 0 0 0

Watlington Kerbside Automatic 89.67 89.67 0 1 0 1 0

Notes: 3 Exceedances of the NO2 1-hour mean objective (200µg/m not to be exceeded more than 18 times/year) are shown in bold. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) If the period of valid data is less than 85%, the 99.8th percentile of 1-hour means is provided in brackets.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 37 Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2017

Table B.1 – NO2 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results - 2017

3 NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m ) Annual Mean Distance Bias Corrected Site ID Adjusted Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Raw to (0.98) and Data Nearest Annualised Exposure (1) (2) 1 57.00 28.22 31.54 21.24 27.55 19.40 20.77 18.01 28.04 24.02 29.64 27.77 27.21 27.21 2 51.53 25.81 26.61 21.84 30.94 17.09 18.00 16.73 26.29 20.00 25.48 24.97 24.97 4 60.60 32.12 35.48 28.72 33.66 27.61 28.47 25.08 34.48 29.72 40.97 34.87 34.32 33.63 33.63 5 45.36 19.84 21.07 15.88 16.44 14.07 13.89 13.83 25.14 22.05 27.23 26.01 21.73 21.30 21.30 6 9.97 29.85 21.55 23.19 25.99 24.34 22.48 22.03 22.03 7 54.02 35.07 25.90 33.14 27.08 21.81 21.15 32.53 29.65 36.63 30.60 31.60 30.97 30.97 8 55.85 28.38 32.24 26.90 31.15 30.04 24.14 23.25 31.11 24.24 35.63 29.61 31.05 30.42 30.42 9 54.01 28.51 34.25 27.07 31.20 33.43 23.30 22.25 31.86 25.52 36.04 29.86 31.44 30.81 30.81 11 48.93 27.17 31.46 32.26 36.40 28.19 22.35 21.91 31.95 24.54 31.12 30.57 29.96 29.96 12 39.30 23.75 31.44 26.20 24.96 28.32 25.91 23.43 27.81 27.00 36.61 30.43 28.76 28.19 28.19 13 45.67 29.17 31.25 29.63 23.89 27.84 24.10 29.02 25.03 29.51 28.92 28.92 15 52.53 35.43 32.82 24.97 32.01 28.71 25.26 26.73 28.73 22.45 32.65 30.56 31.07 30.45 30.45 16 31.31 35.18 35.63 34.04 33.36 33.36 17 30.51 31.81 14.21 11.42 12.18 10.52 9.75 10.64 12.79 18.83 20.21 18.22 16.76 16.42 16.42 18 44.60 32.12 31.78 25.31 27.57 26.31 24.88 23.58 28.55 29.20 40.96 36.66 30.96 30.34 30.34 19 52.41 39.69 38.15 43.95 38.10 44.08 38.48 33.25 34.60 34.68 44.49 39.55 40.12 39.32 39.32

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 38 20 52.84 36.45 40.45 41.67 38.09 49.48 39.66 34.24 38.01 31.92 46.60 39.59 40.75 39.94 39.94 21 52.27 40.63 43.78 48.06 39.40 36.99 32.07 35.45 35.46 55.10 39.08 41.66 40.83 40.83 23 47.04 35.84 37.33 33.67 30.53 40.13 30.34 32.40 26.40 38.89 37.29 35.44 34.73 34.73 26 53.35 38.27 148.87 11.11 32.51 24.96 29.07 26.20 34.17 30.55 38.41 34.62 41.84 41.00 41.00 27 42.95 26.85 26.56 21.79 22.10 19.46 22.52 22.50 30.45 28.30 26.35 25.82 25.82 28 33.00 19.45 73.36 4.84 11.75 9.81 9.76 11.26 13.37 15.11 22.03 19.69 20.29 19.88 19.88 29 43.63 26.97 111.65 10.13 23.61 17.70 20.28 20.53 23.24 23.50 32.25 27.40 31.74 31.11 31.11 30 60.26 42.82 203.93 14.57 49.31 37.93 39.92 39.83 44.76 38.86 42.55 39.63 54.53 53.44 53.44 31 41.75 37.29 148.28 15.29 34.46 29.54 33.05 31.23 34.16 32.82 43.88 39.02 43.40 42.53 42.53 32 63.54 42.68 197.73 14.06 45.49 37.06 36.75 37.20 41.38 35.77 43.81 36.40 52.66 51.60 51.60 33 65.58 44.56 223.86 16.13 47.77 45.14 49.18 40.96 44.73 38.64 53.46 45.46 59.62 58.43 58.43 36 41.36 29.72 143.48 11.98 27.61 16.11 23.35 23.69 28.94 23.78 33.72 33.70 36.45 35.72 35.72 37 66.40 37.37 143.90 11.89 30.45 25.31 26.87 22.24 30.49 21.71 33.98 32.99 40.30 39.49 39.49 38 119.80 11.82 28.74 21.99 24.18 23.58 29.70 26.56 36.10 26.70 34.92 34.22 34.22 39 28.45 14.73 61.34 3.68 8.38 12.83 21.57 21.14 21.14 40 30.23 30.18 35.32 33.71 26.40 24.44 29.22 26.01 33.44 30.88 29.98 29.38 29.38 41 46.75 28.90 29.32 27.09 25.51 26.11 23.51 21.88 26.04 24.50 30.93 30.79 28.44 27.88 27.88 42 45.17 30.34 31.42 28.50 26.89 24.82 19.49 21.59 26.81 24.67 34.41 28.33 28.54 27.97 27.97 43 51.33 29.45 23.90 26.60 26.37 23.21 26.23 25.67 31.71 31.14 29.56 28.97 28.97 44 37.86 25.63 23.31 26.18 26.19 23.95 28.70 28.06 34.48 28.26 27.70 27.70 45 43.64 30.81 30.80 25.27 21.95 20.94 21.77 25.53 24.75 33.54 27.90 27.34 27.34 46 51.13 33.52 31.00 28.09 33.51 28.39 23.66 26.66 24.49 30.69 29.75 30.99 30.37 30.37 47 52.04 37.39 37.76 33.35 35.25 31.87 26.79 30.30 33.19 31.61 35.87 37.73 35.26 34.56 34.56 48 52.92 32.08 33.25 32.94 28.57 25.71 22.65 27.82 24.81 31.86 32.07 31.33 30.71 30.71 49 49.31 32.98 30.50 27.13 32.53 27.83 25.23 22.69 28.01 24.41 30.19 29.81 30.05 29.45 29.45 50 50.80 32.41 28.87 22.50 26.58 25.68 32.41 30.33 31.20 30.57 30.57 51 62.52 47.12 42.49 42.45 44.19 40.47 42.22 47.66 46.14 45.22 45.22

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 39 52 50.43 38.00 44.70 28.70 27.93 36.05 19.84 32.48 32.05 44.55 39.08 35.80 35.08 35.08 53 46.56 28.74 28.83 20.90 25.78 29.31 23.45 21.79 27.81 25.89 30.63 26.79 28.04 27.48 27.48 54 30.47 17.89 13.87 9.44 9.46 9.20 8.45 8.62 9.87 9.09 12.64 12.38 12.38 57 53.09 33.47 178.14 16.08 39.25 39.24 33.71 43.53 41.65 53.13 52.07 52.07 61 41.90 39.78 28.00 17.82 29.92 37.45 42.29 36.56 41.02 36.69 35.14 34.44 34.44 63 35.41 16.55 20.65 34.60 18.24 16.86 16.09 15.84 12.57 27.19 26.30 21.85 21.41 21.41 64 46.88 23.89 35.25 23.67 30.39 32.02 31.38 31.38 65 43.91 36.29 42.00 32.87 31.37 38.27 30.89 36.51 35.78 35.78 66 42.92 27.37 23.24 17.79 19.83 19.30 20.86 18.49 26.94 26.94 24.37 23.88 23.88 67 24.31 15.70 32.60 33.48 25.42 26.30 25.78 25.78 68 33.46 21.09 20.33 19.16 30.97 17.96 20.09 18.67 25.41 22.59 22.97 22.51 22.51 69 38.99 23.94 11.39 17.83 18.40 15.79 15.19 16.93 10.93 6.31 27.62 22.25 18.80 18.42 18.42 70 52.98 38.26 39.64 15.02 36.78 41.28 31.11 30.14 37.18 32.59 41.31 3.98 33.36 32.69 32.69 71 61.64 30.97 35.12 38.92 41.16 30.22 29.89 31.18 40.33 28.45 34.02 27.57 35.79 35.07 32.01 72 62.32 64.95 52.70 54.97 32.06 59.51 51.36 55.09 54.12 53.04 37.3 73 45.36 41.64 168.59 13.70 31.10 31.50 29.04 29.45 31.20 37.23 44.82 39.39 45.25 44.35 29.7 74 40.80 26.65 103.83 6.63 16.34 15.44 16.10 17.34 29.88 25.44 29.85 29.25 29.25 75 55.09 37.36 33.22 31.12 35.43 27.34 27.70 27.53 25.24 32.65 34.98 31.34 33.25 32.59 32.59 76 37.95 25.67 21.62 17.74 20.40 18.55 16.41 18.24 16.47 23.15 24.53 23.53 22.02 21.58 21.58 77 46.41 28.96 25.11 26.21 32.31 19.20 22.66 24.47 19.36 23.55 29.68 23.88 26.82 26.28 26.28

☒ Local bias adjustment factor used ☐ National bias adjustment factor used ☒ Annualisation has been conducted where data capture is <75% ☒ Where applicable, data has been distance corrected for relevant exposure

Notes: 3 Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m are shown in bold.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 40 3 NO2 annual means exceeding 60µg/m , indicating a potential exceedance of the NO2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined. (1) See Appendix C for details on bias adjustment and annualisation. (2) Distance corrected to nearest relevant public exposure.

3 NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m ) has been left blank for months in which data has not been recorded due to the diffusion tube being vandalised/stolen.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 41 Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC

Figure C.1 Gradko QC Data

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 42 Figure C.2 Diffussion Tubes Bias Adjustment

Figure C. 3 Annualisation data – Continuous analysers

OXFORD READING CONTINOUS ANNUAL ST OXFORD READING ANNUALISED PERIOD NEW Ra ANALYSERS MEAN M EBBES Pm/Am Pm/Am TOWN Pm Pm

Jan, Wallingford 34 35.42 13.22 27.36 1.03 1.05 1.04 Oct-Dec

Feb- Henley 28 28.20 June, 13.23 29.25 1.03 0.98 1.01 Oct-Dec

M (µg/m3): measured mean concentration Am: Annual mean for calendar year 2017 Am 13.65 28.74 Pm: Period mean Ra: Annualisation factor

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 43 Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs

Henley AQMA and location analyser Henley AQMA

1

Diffusion tube Diffusion

• Figure D

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 44

Wallingford AQMA and analyser location Wallingford AQMA

2

Figure D

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 45

Watlington AQMA and analyser location Watlington AQMA

3

Figure D

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 46 Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England

Table E.1 – Air Quality Objectives in England

Air Quality Objective4 Pollutant Concentration Measured as

200 µg/m3 not to be exceeded more 1-hour mean Nitrogen Dioxide than 18 times a year (NO2) 40 µg/m3 Annual mean

50 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 24-hour mean Particulate Matter than 35 times a year (PM10) 40 µg/m3 Annual mean

350 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 1-hour mean than 24 times a year

Sulphur Dioxide 125 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 24-hour mean (SO2) than 3 times a year

266 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 15-minute mean than 35 times a year

4 The units are in micrograms of pollutant per cubic metre of air (µg/m3).

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 47 Glossary of Terms

Abbreviation Description

AQAP Air Quality Action Plan - A detailed description of measures, outcomes, achievement dates and implementation methods, showing how the local authority intends to achieve air quality limit values’

AQMA Air Quality Management Area – An area where air pollutant concentrations exceed / are likely to exceed the relevant air quality objectives. AQMAs are declared for specific pollutants and objectives

ASR Air quality Annual Status Report

Defra Department for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs

EU European Union

LAQM Local Air Quality Management

NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide

NOx Nitrogen Oxides

PM10 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10µm (micrometres or microns) or less

PM2.5 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less

QA/QC Quality Assurance and Quality Control

SO2 Sulphur Dioxide

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 48 References 1 Environmental equity, air quality, socioeconomic status, and respiratory health, 2010

2 Air quality and social deprivation in the UK: an environmental inequalities analysis, 2006

3 Defra. Abatement cost guidance for valuing changes in air quality, May 2013

4 SODC, 2015. Low Emission Strategy. Oxfordshire Air Quality [online] Available at: http://democratic.southoxon.gov.uk/documents/s7214/SODC%20LES_2015_V3_Final%20edited%202.pdf

5 SODC, 2014. Air Quality Action Plan. Oxfordshire Air Quality [online] Available at: https://oxfordshire.air- quality.info/documents/air_quality_action_plan.pdf

6 Oxfordshire District Councils, 2009. Oxfordshire Air Quality Website [online]. Available at: https://oxfordshire.air- quality.info/

Other references https://oxfordshire.air-quality.info/loal-air-quality-management/south-oxfordshire https://www.oxfordshire.gov.uk/cms/public-site/travel-choices http://www.traveline.info/ https://oxfordshire.air-quality.info/what-can-you-do-to-improve-air-quality https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/aqma/local-authorities?la_id=246 https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/interactive-map.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 49