(Congress Poland) – History & Characteristics Of

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

(Congress Poland) – History & Characteristics Of Polish Genealogy Academy 1 Genealogy research in the Russian partition of Poland (Congress Poland) – history & characteristics of vital records Polish Genealogy Academy 2 Partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Mapa zaborów Source: Wikimedia Commons Polish Genealogy Academy 3 Territorial changes on Polish territory in the first half of the 19th century The Duchy of Warsaw in 1810 The Kingdom of Poland (Congress Poland) in 1821 Source: Wikimedia Commons Polish Genealogy Academy 4 Russian Partitions and Congress Poland in 1821 Source: Wikimedia Commons Polish Genealogy Academy 5 Congress Poland (1815-1918) and Second Polish Republic (1918-1939) compared with contemporary borders of Poland Source: Jewishgen.org Polish Genealogy Academy 6 The history of vital records in the Russian partition of Poland The Duchy of Warsaw introduced civil registration in 1808 (the first system of civil registration on Polish soil) - based on the French Civil Code Congress Poland inherited it, although invalidated the system in 1825, reinstating religious registration but keeping the original format of the records. Priests were made civil registrars, first only Catholic clergy kept the books, after 1826 other religions were allowed their own French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte registration Source: Wikimedia Commons Napoleonic Code Source: Wikimedia Commons Polish Genealogy Academy 7 Characteristics of vital records in the Russian partition of Poland Until 1868 written in Polish, after 1868 in Russian Records were written in narrative form according to the same pattern In records written in Russian, names of the key people mentioned in the document were often written in two languages – Russian and Polish Birth, marriage, and death records listed in a single book of a specific year Cover of the book of vital records from the year of 1826, parish in Chamsk Source: PolishOrigins resources Polish Genealogy Academy 8 Birth record from Roman-Catholic parish in Szreńsk from May 10, 1868 (written in Polish) Source: PolishOrigins resources Polish Genealogy Academy 9 Birth record from Roman-Catholic parish in Szreńsk from May 15, 1868 (written in Russian) Source: PolishOrigins resources Polish Genealogy Academy 10 Thank you for watching! If you would be interested in our genealogy services, please contact us at [email protected] or read more at https://polishorigins.com/genealogy/. Aleksander Zawilski PolishOrigins Team.
Recommended publications
  • Human Capital in the Aftermath of the Partitions of Poland Andreas Ba
    European Historical Economics Society EHES Working Paper | No. 150 | March 2019 Fading Legacies: Human Capital in the Aftermath of the Partitions of Poland Andreas Backhaus, Centre for European Policy Studies EHES Working Paper | No. 150 | March 2019 Fading Legacies: Human Capital in the Aftermath of the Partitions of Poland* Andreas Backhaus†, Centre for European Policy Studies Abstract This paper studies the longevity of historical legacies in the context of the formation of human capital. The Partitions of Poland (1772-1918) represent a natural experiment that instilled Poland with three different legacies of education, resulting in sharp differences in human capital among the Polish population. I construct a large, unique dataset that reflects the state of schooling and human capital in the partition territories from 1911 to 1961. Using a spatial regression discontinuity design, I find that primary school enrollment differs by as much as 80 percentage points between the partitions before WWI. However, this legacy disappears within the following two decades of Polish independence, as all former partitions achieve universal enrollment. Differences in educational infrastructure and gender access to schooling simultaneously disappear after WWI. The level of literacy converges likewise across the former partitions, driven by a high intergenerational mobility in education. After WWII, the former partitions are not distinguishable from each other in terms of education anymore. JEL Codes: N34, I20, O15, H75 Keywords: Poland, Human Capital, Education, Persistence * Research for this paper was conducted while the author was a Ph.D. candidate at LMU Munich. The author would like to thank Philipp Ager, Lukas Buchheim, Matteo Cervellati, Jeremiah Dittmar, Erik Hornung, Chris Muris, Christian Ochsner, Uwe Sunde, Ludger Wößmann, Nikolaus Wolf, and audiences at the University of Southern Denmark, the University of Bayreuth, UCLouvain, the FRESH Meeting 2018, the WEast Workshop 2018, and WIEM 2018 for their comments.
    [Show full text]
  • A Brief Outline of Polish and Polish American History - Part 1
    A Brief Outline of Polish and Polish American History - Part 1 120,000 B.C. - First records of Protoslavic cultures in the 1683 - John Sobieski defeats the Turks at Vienna. Ojcow region of Poland. 1745 - Casimir Pulaski is born in Poland. 1300 B.C. - First evidence of Lusatian culture, the progenitor of modern Polish and Slavic cultures. 1746 - Thaddeus Kosciuszko is born in Poland. He attended school in Lubieszow and later the Cadet 700 B.C. - Biskupin Settlement is built in central Poland Academy in Warsaw and then undertook engineering in what is now the voivodeship of Torun. It is now a studies in Paris. museum in Poland featuring the oldest settlement. 1776 - Thaddeus Kosciuszko came to America to offer 100 A.D. - Contact with Roman Danubian provinces his services to General George Washington. He was made by Slavic peoples, although Rome never expands appointed engineer of the Continental Army with the into their territories. rank of Colonel. He distinguished himself throughout the American Revolutionary War. His engineering and 500 - West Slavic tribal federations begin to form. fortification skills along the Delaware River and at 850 - Polanie and Wislanie tribal groups appear, Saratoga, N.Y., helped win battles for the Continental eventually merging together into the first state of Poland. Army. Kosciuszko is well known for his fortification at West Point, which is the site of West Point Military 966 - Duke Mieszko accepts Christianity for himself and Academy. The name General Thaddeus Kosciuszko is for Poland and the documented history of Poland begins. listed on organizations, bridges, schools, and other local and national landmarks.
    [Show full text]
  • Poland Historical Geography Handout
    Poland Historical Geography: Polish History through Maps and Gazetteers Daniel R. Jones, MS, AG® FamilySearch HISTORY OF POLAND Polish Commonwealth, 1600s-1795 Instead of a hereditary monarchy, they elected their own king. Because the king was elected, this allowed foreign powers to manipulate the elections for candidates, and to create turmoil for their own gain. The commonwealth was in a state of decline because of wars, political turmoil, and aristocratic rebellions. Although reforms were attempted, Poland’s neighbors saw opportunities for themselves. Partitions of Poland, 1772-1795 First partition, 1772: Rebellion occurred in 1768, bringing Poland into a civil war. Austria, Prussia, and Russia collectively decided to annex pieces of Poland for themselves during the war. Second partition, 1792: Poland institutes a constitution in 1791. This angered Russia, who encouraged another rebellion against the Polish king. Russia provided military support to the rebellion. After a few months, Russia and Prussia slice off large sections of Poland. Third partition, 1795: Some nobles were angry at their king for surrendering to Russia during the second partition, and created another uprising. Russia invaded again to crush the uprising. Russia, Austria, and Prussia decided to split the rest of Poland between themselves, and Poland disappeared off the map. Kingdom of Poland, 1815-1914 The French created the Duchy of Warsaw during the Napoleonic Wars as a semi-independent country. After the war, the Kingdom of Poland was established, but was joined to the Russian Empire; they were allowed their own constitution and military. After several uprisings, the Polish language and culture were suppressed, the kingdom was more integrated into the Russian Empire.
    [Show full text]
  • Celebrating the Stateless Nation, Or How the "Polish Question" Stayed Afloat
    Patrice M. Dabrowski. Commemorations and the Shaping of Modern Poland. Blommington: Indiana University Press, 2004. 313 S. $45.00, cloth, ISBN 978-0-253-34429-8. Reviewed by Laurie Koloski Published on HABSBURG (May, 2007) The Poles' "long nineteenth century" was in a mythologized past, and committed to an inde‐ even longer than that of most European nations, pendent Polish future. In so doing, they kept the stretching as it did from the frst partition of 1772, Polish nation, and the "Polish question," alive and when Prussia, Austria, and Russia claimed chunks well. Commemorations and the Shaping of Mod‐ of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, to 1918, ern Poland, Patrice Dabrowski's excellent new when an independent Polish state re-emerged. Be‐ study, shows how. tween the third partition of 1795 and the end of The Polish "predicament" in the nineteenth World War I, Poland as a political entity essential‐ century, as Dabrowski points out early in the ly disappeared from the map of Europe, and eth‐ book, involved "the mind of a large nation in a nic Poles found themselves governed by three dif‐ stateless body" (p. 7). This dilemma turned out to ferent imperial states. Had the partitions hap‐ be a source of inspiration for Polish national ac‐ pened a century earlier, the "Polish question" tivists who had two goals: frst, to broaden the na‐ might have settled into historical obscurity. What tion to include the peasantry (only an inclusive Poland's partitioners could not know in the late nation would be strong enough to revive an inde‐ eighteenth
    [Show full text]
  • How History Matters for Student Performance. Lessons from the Partitions of Poland Ú Job Market Paper Latest Version: HERE
    How History Matters for Student Performance. Lessons from the Partitions of Poland ú Job Market Paper Latest Version: HERE. Pawe≥Bukowski † This paper examines the effect on current student performance of the 19th century Partitions of Poland among Austria, Prussia and Russia. Despite the modern similarities of the three regions, using a regression discontinuity design I show that student test scores are 0.6 standard deviation higher on the Austrian side of the former Austrian-Russian border. This magnitude is comparable to the black vs. white test score gap in the US. On the other hand, I do not find evidence for differences on the Prussian-Russian border. Using a theoretical model and indirect evidence I argue that the Partitions have persisted through their impact on social norms toward local schools. Nevertheless, the persistent effect of Austria is puzzling given the histori- cal similarities of the Austrian and Prussian educational systems. I argue that the differential legacy of Austria and Prussia originates from the Aus- trian Empire’s policy to promote Polish identity in schools and the Prussian Empire’s efforts to Germanize the Poles through education. JEL Classification: N30, I20, O15, J24 úI thank Sascha O. Becker, Volha Charnysh, Gregory Clark, Tomas Cvrcek, John S. Earle, Irena Grosfeld, Hedvig Horvát, Gábor Kézdi, Jacek Kochanowicz, Attila Lindner, Christina Romer, Ruth M. Schüler, Tamás Vonyó, Jacob Weisdorf, Agnieszka WysokiÒska, Noam Yuchtman, the partici- pants of seminars at Central European University, University of California at Berkeley, University of California at Davis, Warsaw School of Economics, Ifo Center for the Economics of Education and FRESH workshops in Warsaw and Canterbury, WEast workshop in Belgrade, European Historical Economics Society Summer School in Berlin for their comments and suggestions.
    [Show full text]
  • Upbringing of Girls As Reflected in the Activities and Views of Blessed Marcelina Darowska
    Marcelina Knop DOI: 10.14746/bhw.2018.38.33 Department of Didactic Method and History of Parenting University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn Upbringing of Girls as Reflected in the Activities and Views of Blessed Marcelina Darowska Abstract The article presents the life and educational activities of Blessed Marcelina Darowska, the co-found­ er of the Convent of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and her views on up­ bringing of young women. Mother Marcelina’s perception of education of girls in the 19th century seemed modern and beyond her time. In her opinion, there was a need of putting a stop to produc­ ing “parlour dolls” and provide young women with practical education. For the betterment of the country, she set up schools in Jazłowiec, Jarosław, Niżniów and Nowy Sącz. The girls attending the schools were brought up according to the system developed by Marcelina Darowska, based on reli­ gious and patriotic values. The Convent of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary continues the work commenced by its founder; over time Mother Marcelina’s message remains val­ id and serves the subsequent generations of young Polish girls. Keywords: Marcelina Darowska, Convent of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Catholic schools, education of women in the nineteenth century 1. The life and educational work of Marcelina Darowska Marvelina Darowska née Kotowicz was both on the 16th1 of January 1827, as the fifth of seven children of Jan Kotowicz and Maximilia Jastrzębska. Raised in a wealthy land­ owner’s family on the Szulaki estate in the Kyiv2 province, even as a child, she showed 1 According to the Julian calendar, which was then used in Russia.
    [Show full text]
  • Polish National Identity Under Russian, Prussian, and Austro
    Three Paths to One State: Polish National Identity under Russian, Prussian, and Austro- Hungarian Occupation after 1863 Research Thesis Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with research distinction in the undergraduate colleges of The Ohio State University by Adam Wanter The Ohio State University June 2012 Project Advisor: Professor Jessie Labov, Department of Slavic and East European Languages and Cultures 2 Table of Contents: Introduction 1 Section One: Background 7 Section Two: Composition 15 Section Three: Imperial History 22 Section Four: Political Ideologies and Political Figures 37 Conclusion 50 Bibliography 54 i Illustrations: Figure 1, map of Russian Poland 8 Figure 2, map of Austrian Poland 10 Figure 3, map of Prussian Poland 11 ii Introduction After over 100 years of foreign occupation by three different powers, a common Polish national identity was able to emerge and unite the three partitioned areas. How was this possible? What conditions existed that were able to bring together three separate and distinct areas together? This thesis will look into the development of Polish national identity in the three partitioned areas of Poland during the late 19th and early 20th centuries and in particular the role that imperial policy played in its formation. The purpose of this thesis is to carry out a comparative study of the three partitioned areas of Poland between roughly 1863 and the outbreak of World War I. Specifically, the thesis compares the effects of the three Imperial powers on the economic landscape of each region, as well as the environment in which Polish political thought, specifically different forms of Polish nationalism, emerged, analyzing how that environment help contribute to its development.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyright by Agnieszka Barbara Nance 2004
    Copyright by Agnieszka Barbara Nance 2004 The Dissertation Committee for Agnieszka Barbara Nance Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Nation without a State: Imagining Poland in the Nineteenth Century Committee: Katherine Arens, Supervisor Janet Swaffar Kirsten Belgum John Hoberman Craig Cravens Nation without a State: Imagining Poland in the Nineteenth Century by Agnieszka Barbara Nance, B.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin May 2004 Nation without a State: Imagining Poland in the Nineteenth Century Publication No._____________ Agnieszka Barbara Nance, PhD. The University of Texas at Austin, 2004 Supervisor: Katherine Arens This dissertation tests Benedict Anderson’s thesis about the coherence of imagined communities by tracing how Galicia, as the heart of a Polish culture in the nineteenth century that would never be an independent nation state, emerged as an historical, cultural touchstone with present day significance for the people of Europe. After the three Partitions and Poland’s complete disappearance from political maps of Europe, substitute images of Poland were sought that could replace its lost kingdom with alternate forms of national identity grounded in culture and tradition rather than in politics. Not the hereditary dynasty, not Prussia or Russia, but Galicia emerged as the imagined and representative center of a Polish culture without a state. This dissertation juxtaposes political realities with canonical literary texts that provide images of a cultural community among ethnic Germans and Poles sharing the border of Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • The Crime of Genocide Committed Against the Poles by the USSR Before and During World War II: an International Legal Study, 45 Case W
    Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law Volume 45 | Issue 3 2012 The rC ime of Genocide Committed against the Poles by the USSR before and during World War II: An International Legal Study Karol Karski Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/jil Part of the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Karol Karski, The Crime of Genocide Committed against the Poles by the USSR before and during World War II: An International Legal Study, 45 Case W. Res. J. Int'l L. 703 (2013) Available at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/jil/vol45/iss3/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Journals at Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law by an authorized administrator of Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law Volume 45 Spring 2013 Issue 3 The Crime of Genocide Committed Against the Poles by the USSR Before and During WWII: An International Legal Study Karol Karski Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law·Vol. 45·2013 The Crime of Genocide Committed Against the Poles The Crime of Genocide Committed Against the Poles by the USSR Before and During World War II: An International Legal Study Karol Karski* The USSR’s genocidal activity against the Polish nation started before World War II. For instance, during the NKVD’s “Polish operation” of 1937 and 1938, the Communist regime exterminated about 85,000 Poles living at that time on the pre- war territory of the USSR.
    [Show full text]
  • What Do We Remember About the Second Polish Republic? (Revision)
    What do we remember about the Second Polish Republic? (revision) What do we remember about the Second Polish Republic? (revision) Lesson plan (Polish) Lesson plan (English) What do we remember about the Second Polish Republic? (revision) Gdynia, Marine Staon, MS Piłsudski Source: Henryk Poddębski, before 1938, Wikimedia Commons, licencja: CC 0. Link to the lesson You will learn to describe the most important events of interwar Poland; to talk about new facts from the history of interwar Poland; characterize the most important figures/characters of the Second Polish Republic. Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl nagranie abstraktu World War I (or the Great War) broke out in 1914 as a result of the conflicting interests of European powers. It ended in the autumn of 1918 with the defeat of Central Powers. Millions of soldiers died, European countries plunged into an economic crisis. A wave of revolution swept through Europe, which resulted in the abolition of the Russian, German and Austro‐Hungarian monarchies. Thanks to Józef Piłsudski and Roman Dmowski, and as a result of favorable circumstances, Poland regained its independence. Initially, the Polish state was limited to the western parts of the Austrian and Russian partitions. The fight for the changing of borders lasted several years. A successful uprisings against Germany broke out in Greater Poland. As a result of three uprisings and the plebiscite in Upper Silesia, Poland obtained a third part of these areas. The reborn Polish Army took the fight to the east, first with the Ukrainians over Lviv, and then with the Soviet Russia. The Polish victory at the battle of Warsaw in August 1920 (the so‐called Miracle on the Vistula) was of vital importance.
    [Show full text]
  • Lecture 16 the Second Polish Republic Week 5, Spring Term
    Nation and Memory in Russia, Poland and Ukraine Lecture 16 The Second Polish Republic Week 5, Spring Term Outline 1.Geostrategical position 2.Domestic policy 3.Poland – a nation state? 4.Ukrainians in Poland 6. Conclusion Second Polish Republic 398,000 sqkm 27 Million people Without 40% of territory and 16 Million people of 1772 With 35,000 sqkm and 3 Million people which had not been part of Poland in 1772 Dmowski in Paris: borders in West – ethnographical arguments borders in East – historical arguments Borders in West: result of Peace Treaties, Uprisings (Upper Silesia and Posen) and plebiscites (East Prussia, Upper Silesia) Borders in East: Military power and peace Treaty with Soviet Russia in 1921, later confirmed by Western Allies Putzger, Historischer Weltatlas, p. 122 f Foreign Policy • Borders confirmed by Allies (until 1924) and Treaty of Riga, 18 March 1921 with Soviet Russia • Status quo power and member of the League of Nations • Poland has to sign first Minority Treaty in June 1919 • Territorial disputes with Germany (Posen, West Prussia, Upper Silesia), Soviet Union (Western Ukraine and Western Belarus), Czechoslovakia (Teschen), Lithuania (Wilna/Vilnius) • Between two revisionist powers: Germany and Soviet Union • Allies are France (and Britain) • 1925 Treaty of Locarno – Germany recognises western, but not eastern borders • 1925-1932 Polish-German Trade War • 1933 Hitler comes to power, Pilsudski thinks about preventive war • 1934 Polish German non-aggression Treaty • 2 October 1938 Polish Occupation of Teschen • 1 September 1939 German attack • 17 September 1939 Soviet attack Poland in the 20th century (source: Putzger) Outline 1.Geostrategical position 2.Domestic policy 3.Poland – a nation state? 4.Ukrainians in Poland 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Forced Migration and Human Capital: Evidence from Post-Wwii Population Transfers
    NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES FORCED MIGRATION AND HUMAN CAPITAL: EVIDENCE FROM POST-WWII POPULATION TRANSFERS Sascha O. Becker Irena Grosfeld Pauline Grosjean Nico Voigtländer Ekaterina Zhuravskaya Working Paper 24704 http://www.nber.org/papers/w24704 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 June 2018, Revised October 2018 We received excellent comments at Boston University, the Chicago Booth Miniconference on Economic History, the NBER Political Economy Meeting, the Conference on ‘Deep-Rooted Factors in Comparative Development’ at Brown University, the ‘Workshop in Political Economy and Economic Policy’ at QMU London, the Oxford-Warwick- LSE (OWL)Workshop, the ‘Culture, Institutions and Prosperity’ conference in Paris, and seminars at Barcelona GSE, Bristol, Cambridge, Chicago Harris, DIW Berlin, EEA-ESEM 2018, Frankfurt, Harvard, PSE, Simon Fraser, UPF, and Warwick. We thank Samuel Bazzi, Luis Candelaria, and Giampaolo Lecce for insightful discussions, Ilona Kawalec from CBOS for outstanding collaboration, and Vladimir Avetian for excellent research assistance. Sascha O. Becker acknowledges financial support by the ESRC Centre for Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy (grant no. ES/ L011719/1). Ekaterina Zhuravskaya thanks the European Research Council (ERC) for funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation program (grant agreement No. 646662). The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer-reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. © 2018 by Sascha O.
    [Show full text]