9.0 Archaeological and Cultural Heritage 9.1

Home , Abbotstown (townland), Blanchardstown, Castleknock, Castleknock (barony), Coolmine, Coolock (barony)

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9.0 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE

9.1 INTRODUCTION

As part of the recent Building 4 project a comprehensive archaeological assessment of the subject site was completed by CRDS ltd. This chapter present the findings of that study and the outcome of subsequent archaeological monitoring conducted during construction of Building 4 in 2015/2016.

An assessment of the potential impact of the proposed new process vent abatement project and required mitigation measures is also presented in the following sections.

9.2 METHODOLOGY

For the purpose of setting the IMIL site within its wider archaeological and cultural heritage landscape, a desk-based assessment utilising the Record of Monuments and Places, the National Museum of Ireland Topographical Files, the database of licensed excavations, the Record of Protected Structures included in Fingal Development Plan 2011 - 2017, documentary and cartographic sources was undertaken. The desk-based assessment was supplemented by a site assessment.

Recorded Archaeological Monuments and Places The Record of Monuments and Places was consulted for the relevant parts of the county. This is a list of archaeological sites known to the National Monuments Service (see also www.archaeology.ie). The relevant files for these sites contain details of documentary sources and aerial photographs, early maps, OS memoirs, OPW Archaeological Survey notes and other relevant publications. The list of National Monuments in State Ownership or State Guardianship, the Register of Historic Monuments, the Sites and Monuments Record and monuments covered by Preservations Orders were also assessed. All sites within c.1.5km of the development were identified and are listed in Appendix 9.1 (see also Figure 9.1).

For inspection purposes only. Recorded archaeologicalConsent finds of copyright owner required for any other use. The topographical files in the National Museum of Ireland were consulted to determine if any archaeological artefacts had been recorded from the area. This is the national archive of all known finds recorded by the National Museum. It relates primarily to artefacts but also includes references to monuments and has a unique archive of records of previous excavations. Other published catalogues of prehistoric material were also studied: Raftery (1983 - Iron Age antiquities), Eogan (1965; 1993; 1994 - bronze swords, Bronze Age hoards and goldwork), Harbison (1968; 1969a; 1969b - bronze axes, halberds and daggers) and the Irish Stone Axe Project Database (School of Archaeology, U.C.D.). All townlands within 1.5km (Ballycoolen, Buzzardstown, Cloghran, Cordurr, Deanstown, Grange and Snugborough) of the proposed development were assessed and no archaeological finds are recorded.

Cartographic sources Reference to cartographic sources provides information on the development of the area. Manuscript maps consulted included the Down Survey Parish and Barony map of Castleknock, c. 1655; Rocque’s map of County Dublin, c. 1762 and Taylor’s map of the environs of Dublin, 1816. Ordnance Survey maps consulted included 6" maps, first and later editions and the Ordnance Survey 25” maps. On the 1st edition Ordnance Survey 6” map the site is shown as pastureland, bounded to the north and west by local roads (see Figure 9.2). The eastern boundary of the site comprises the townland boundary between Ballycoolen and Snugborough. A small circular, tree-

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covered enclosure is depicted to the north-west of the site. This enclosure is not depicted on the Ordnance Survey 25” map and the site is located under the neighbouring industrial building. A terrace of four single-storey, early nineteenth century houses is depicted to the north-east of the site on the Ordnance Survey 25” map.

Previous excavations The Excavations bulletin website (www.excavations.ie) was consulted as part of the Building B4 EIAR to identify excavations that may have been carried out within or in the vicinity of the development. This database contains summary accounts of excavations carried out in Ireland from 1970 to 2014. The study area has been subject to a number of licensed excavations and summaries of these are listed in Appendix 9.2.

Site assessment A site assessment was carried out on the 24th June 2015 in warm, bright weather. The site assessment involved the examination of recorded archaeological and cultural heritage constraints and the identification of previously unrecorded features of archaeological and cultural heritage interest within the site.

Building 4 is located to the south and east of existing buildings within the facility (see Plate 9.1). The site was previously used for the storage of excess soil from previous site construction projects and had been subject to significant levelling works at the time of the site assessment (see Plate 9.2 and Plate 9.3). The southern boundary consists of a line of mature fir trees (see Plate 9.4). The eastern boundary consists of a modern metal fence, behind which is the townland boundary between Snugborough and Ballycoolin. The boundary consists of a significant earthen bank covered in mature trees and hedgerow with slight ditches to either side (see Plate 9.5). No features of archaeological significance were evident above ground at the site of the proposed development.

A parcel of 1.7ha of IDA land was acquired during 2015 to the east and west of the current facility. The field to the east of the current facility comprises a large field in For inspection purposes only. rough pasture with areasConsent of of wetter copyright groundowner required marked for any other by use. rushes (see Plate 9.6). The eastern field boundary consists of a significant earthen bank covered in mature trees and hedgerow (see Plate 9.7). The 1st Edition Ordnance Survey 6” map indicates an access laneway running along this field boundary to a small house along the southern boundary of the field (see Figure 9.2). The western boundary comprises the townland boundary between Snugborough and Ballycoolin and consists of a significant earthen bank covered in mature trees and hedgerow with slight ditches to either side (see Plate 9.8). The northern boundary consists of a metal fence beyond which is a group of four single-storey early nineteenth century houses (see Plate 9.9). The field to the west of the current facility has been previously developed and includes a modern industrial unit. The field is in pasture with areas of wetter ground marked by rushes (see Plate 9.10). No evidence of the circular enclosure marked on the 1st Edition Ordnance Survey map was evident at the time of the site assessment.

During construction of Building 4, archaeological monitoring and targeted archaeological test excavation was undertaken by CRDS Ltd from November to December 2015. This was in two areas, namely the excavation of the pad footing for Building B4 and the excavation of the services area (filtration and drainage). Nothing of archaeological significance was noted during the works. The report produced by CRDS is included in Appendix 9.3.

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Plate 9.1: Site of Building B4 prior to development

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Plate 9.2: Site of Building B4 prior to development, showing levelling to east.

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Plate 9.3: Site of Building B4 prior to development, showing levelling to north.

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Plate 9.4: Site of Building B4 prior to development, southern boundary

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Plate 9.5: Site of Building B4 prior to development, townland boundary to east.

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Plate 9.6: Recently acquired lands, field to east of current facility.

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Plate 9.7: Recently acquired lands, field to east of current facility, eastern boundary.

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Plate 9.8: Recently acquired lands, field to east of current facility, townland boundary.

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Plate 9.9: Recently acquired lands, field to east of current facility, northern boundary.

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Plate 9.10: Recently acquired lands, field to west of current facility.

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9.3 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT

9.3.1 Archaeological and historical background

The study area, which comprises a distance of 1.5km from the development, is characterised by monuments dating to the early and later medieval period. Please note all recorded archaeological monuments and features noted below are located outside the site boundary.

The earliest evidence for settlement consists of the remains of prehistoric fulacht fiadh in the townland of Deanstown (DU013-147----) and the townland of Grange (DU014-050). Fulacht fiadh or burnt mounds comprise mounds of charcoal rich soil, heat-fractured stones accompanied by a trough sometimes lined with wooden planks, stone slabs or even clay (Waddell 2000). They are generally located close to water sources including streams, rivers, lakes or marshy ground. The exact use of these sites is still somewhat ambiguous with their traditional interpretation as cooking places coming into question in recent years. They date predominantly to the Bronze Age but date ranges from the Mesolithic period to the medieval period have been returned. The fulacht fia at Grange (DU014-050----) was uncovered during archaeological investigations for the north-eastern Gas Pipeline. The site consisted of a surface scatter of burnt mount material comprising charcoal-blackened soil and heat-cracked stone. The material formed part of a penannular feature with an opening in the east.

Ringforts are the characteristic settlement site type of the early medieval period. They generally consist of a circular area surrounded by a bank or fosse, or simply by a rampart of stone. In the latter case they are often referred to as cashels from the Irish caisel while those with earthen enclosures are also known by the Irish terms rath or lios. Ringforts are usually interpreted as being defended farmsteads. The interior space would have contained a house and other buildings with the area forming a farmyard. Although the emphasis in the literary sources from the period is on pastoral farming, the results of excavations and palynological studies have emphasised the importance of a mixed farming economy during this period (Edwards 2005, 264-275). There are two For recorded inspection purposes ringforts only. in the townland of Corduff (DU013- Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. 015 and DU013-016). The westernmost site (DU013-015----) consists of a scarped earthen platform, named fort on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey map. The site is delimited by trees and large boulders.

Many raths and cashels have been partially or completely destroyed since the 1960s and often the only indication of the former presence of a ringfort is preserved in townland name elements such as Dún, Rath, Cashel or Lios. However monuments which have experienced above-ground disturbance continue to be of archaeological interest due to the potential for subsurface remains to exist at their locations. The term ‘enclosure’ is applied to monuments that cannot be classified more accurately without archaeological assessment but were identified as enclosures during fieldwork or through the study of aerial photography or other sources. When subject to archaeological assessment, the larger examples often prove to be highly denuded ringforts or former church sites while smaller examples may be barrows. They can also prove to be of no archaeological significance. Three enclosures in the townland of Cloghran (DU0114-014001-, DU0114-014002- and DU0114-014004-) have been identified from cropmarks on aerial photography. There are no longer visible at ground level and have been built over by the North Western Business Park.

Cloghran church and graveyard (DU013-00801- and DU013-00802-0 are located c. 1.1km to the north-east of the proposed development The wall footings of the church ______

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are located in a roughly square graveyard on a natural rise within an existing commercial development. The graveyard contains grave markers of early 18th to 20th century date. Before the early 14th century this church was connected to the parish of Finglas and later became a chapel on the land of All Hallows. The Chapel of Cloghran, along with the other possessions of All Hallows, were granted to Dublin Corporation at the time of the Dissolution in 1538 (Ronan 1940, 182-94). Local tradition records that during a mass at Cloghran the priest saw a person steal a horse and foal. The priest uttered ‘God amend thee’ which has been applied as the name of the neighbouring townland of Godamendy (Egan 1991, Vol. 4, 11-12; Schools Manuscript Collection vol. 790, p. 9-10).

The Down Survey map (1655-56) of the Parish of Castleknock indicates a large gabled dwelling house in the townland of Corduff (DU013-025----). Corduff was occupied by the de la Felde family between the 13th and 16th centuries after which it passed into the hands of the Warren family (Ball 1920). While the site of the original house has not been precisely located within the town it is believed to be located within the demesne of Corduff House. Archaeological monitoring and excavation undertaken in advance of a development in 2005 revealed the remains of part of a dwelling with the former demesne. Subsequent excavation and monitoring revealed further portions of Corduff House along with a stone-walled structure and a limekiln. While the townland of Ballycoolen, in which the proposed development is planned, is not depicted on the Down Survey maps the Civil Survey records that the townland of ‘Ballicollan’ belonged to the city of Dublin at this time (Simington 1945). The survey records one thatched house, four or five small cottages valued at six pounds and the walls of an old castle within the townland.

The area has been subject to intensive industrial development and it is likely that this has resulted in the destruction of the above ground expression of some archaeological features. Future archaeological excavations may reveal the subsurface remains of additional archaeological sites.

9.4 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT & POTENTIAL For inspection purposes only. IMPACTS Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

The proposed development primarily consists of a new process vent abatement system to be located on a portion of lands next to Building 4 at the existing IMIL facility at Blanchardstown Industrial Estate, Snugborough Road, Blanchardstown, Dublin 15.

As outlined above extensive site levelling work was completed in 2015 in advance of the Building 4 development. Ancillary works including the construction of access/haul roads, a contractors compound, site clearance and levelling were also undertaken.

9.4.1 Construction

The potential impacts on archaeological and cultural heritage associated with the construction phase include ground disturbance associated with the construction of the new abatement system and supporting infrastructure. As noted above the majority of site clearance has already been completed and limited excavations are expected for this project. The majority of the component parts of the system will come pre- fabricated so only limited construction work comprising establishment of a concrete pad and a pipe rack connection to existing utilities will be required.

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9.4.2 Operational

The operational phase of the project will have no impact on archaeological and cultural heritage.

9.5 REMEDIAL / MITIGATION MEASURES & PROPOSED MONITORING

Due to the archaeological potential of the site archaeological monitoring, by a suitably qualified archaeologist, is recommended for all ground disturbance works associated with the proposed development.

The remedial or reductive mitigation measures outlined here are subject to the approval of the National Monuments Section of the Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

9.6 PREDICTED IMPACT OF THE DEVELOPMENT

The construction phase of the proposed development will not impact directly on any sites included in the Record of Monuments and Places. However it is possible that ground disturbance associated with the proposed development may impact on previously unrecorded archaeological features.

9.6.1 Assessment of Cumulative Impact with Neighbouring Facilities

Should appropriate archaeological mitigation be undertaken at this and neighbouring developments it is unlikely that the cumulative impacts on archaeological and cultural heritage will result from this development.

9.7 INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER CHAPTERS

For inspection purposes only. In the main it is anticipatedConsent thatof copyright there owner are required limited for any otherinteractions use. between Archaeology and Cultural Heritage and other aspects. Please refer to Chapter 16 for interactions associated with Land, Soils and Geology.

9.8 CONCLUSIONS

There are 16 sites included in the Record of Monuments and Places within the study area which comprises 1.5km from the site, the closest of which a mound (DU013- 014----) is located c. 280m to the south. The proposed development will have no predicted impacts on sites included in the Record of Monuments and Places.

There are no sites included in the Record of Monuments and Places within the IMIL landholding. Three features of archaeological potential were noted during the baseline research and site assessment namely a circular enclosure marked on the 1st Edition Ordnance Survey 6” map located to the west of the current facility. The townland boundary between Snugborough and Ballycoolin runs along the western boundary of the field to the east of the current facility. A building is noted on the 1st Edition Ordnance Survey 6” map along the southern boundary of the field to the east of the current facility. Archaeological mitigation measures would be required should future development go ahead within the Masterplan Area.

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9.9 REFERENCES

Aalen, F.H.A. 1978. Man and the landscape in Ireland. London.

Aalen, F.H.A., Whelan, K. and Stout, M. (eds.) Atlas of the Rural Irish Landscape. Cork University Press: Cork.

Ball, F. E. 1920. A History of the County Dublin. Dublin.

Cooney, G. and Grogan, E. 1994. Irish Prehistory – A Social Perspective. Dublin: Wordwell.

Edwards, N. 2005. The Archaeology of Early Medieval Ireland, c.400-1169: Settlement and Economy.

Eogan, G., 1965. A catalogue of Irish Bronze swords. Dublin.

Eogan, G., 1983. Hoards of the Irish Later Bronze Age. Dublin.

Eogan, G., 1994. The Accomplished Art, Gold and Gold working in Britain and Ireland during the Bronze Age (c. 2300 - 650 BC). Oxbow Monograph 42, Oxford. Gwynn, A. & Hadcock, R.N. 1970. Medieval religious houses: Ireland. London: Longmans.

Harbison, P., 1968. Catalogue of Irish Early Bronze Age associated finds containing copper or bronze. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 67C, 35-91.

Harbison, P., 1969a. The daggers and the halberds of the Early Bronze Age in Ireland. Prähitorische Bronzefunde, Abteilung VI, Band 1. C.H. Beck, Munich.

Harbison, P., 1969b. The axes of the Early Bronze Age in Ireland. Prähitorische Bronzefunde, Abteilung IX, Band 1. C.H. Beck: Munich. Hayes, J. 1965 Manuscript Sources for the History of Irish Civilisation Vol. 8. Hall & For inspection purposes only. Co.: Boston. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

Hayes, J. 1970 Sources for the History of Irish Civilisation. Articles in Irish Periodicals Vol. 9. Hall & Co.: Boston.

Healy, P. 1974 Report on Monuments and sites of archaeological interest in County Dublin. An Foras Forbartha Teoranta.

Lewis, S. 1837. A Topographical Dictionary of Ireland, 2 Vols. London.

O’Connor, K. D., 1998, The Archaeology of Medieval Rural Settlement in Ireland, Discovery Programme Monographs, Dublin.

Pender, S. (ed) 1939. A census of Ireland, circa 1659: with supplementary material from the poll money ordinances (1660-1661). Dublin: Stationary Office.

Raftery, B., 1983. A catalogue of Irish Iron Age antiquities. Marburg. Ronan, M.V 1940 “Mulhuddart and Cloghran” Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries 70, pp. 182-193.

Simington, R. 1945. The Civil Survey AD 1654-56 Vol. VII County of Dublin, p. 240. Stout, M. 1997. The Irish Ringfort. Dublin: Four Courts Press.

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Taylor, G. & Skinner, A. 1777 (reprinted 1969). Maps of the roads of Ireland. Shannon.

Waddell, J. 2000. The Prehistoric Archaeology of Ireland. Galway, Galway University Press.

Whelan, K. 1997. The modern landscape: from plantation to present in Aalen, F.H.A., Whelan, K. and Stout, M. (eds.) Atlas of the Rural Irish Landscape, 67-105. Cork University Press: Cork.

For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

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DU014-014

DU015-050

DU014-025

DU013-023 DU013-014

DU013-012

DU013-025

Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. other any for required owner copyright of Consent

DU013-015 only. purposes inspection For DU013-147

DU013-016

Date: July 2015 Client: Ipsen Drawn by: AnC

2 Grosvenor Terrace, Monkstown, Co. Dublin. Tel: +353 1 2968190 0 1km Fax: +353 1 2968195 email: [email protected]

Figure 9.1: Recorded archaeological monuments within c. 1.5km of the proposed development (source www.archaeology.ie).

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Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. other any for required owner copyright of Consent For inspection purposes only. purposes inspection For

Date: July 2015 Client: Ipsen Drawn by: AnC

2 Grosvenor Terrace, Monkstown, Co. Dublin. Tel: +353 1 2968190 250m Fax: +353 1 2968195 0 email: [email protected]

Figure 9.2: Extract from Ordnance Survey 1st edition map showing site of proposed development (source www.osi.ie). ARCHAEOLOGICAL & CULTURAL HERITAGE AWN Consulting Limited ______

APPENDIX 9.1

RECORDED ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONUMENTS AND PLACES

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The recorded monuments and places within c. 1.5km of the site are listed below, all noted in the Record of Monuments and Places for Co. Dublin are listed below.

RMP No. DU013-007---- Site Type Field system Location GODDAMENDY NGR 308594, 241952 Description The 1837 OS 6-inch map shows an irregular pattern of small fields which may be part of a medieval settlement. This field system was visible on aerial photography taken in 1971 (FSI 24181/417). Built over. Not visible at ground level. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout. Updated by: Christine Baker. Date of upload: 18 January 2015. Date of last visit: 27 April 2010. Source RMP Archives Distance from 1200m site Type of No predicted impact Impact Significance Imperceptible of Impact

RMP No. DU013-008001 Site Type Church Location CLOGHRAN (Castleknock By.) NGR 309182, 241730 Description Located in a roughly square graveyard located on a rock outcrop which has been quarried away up to the limits of the graveyard. Prior to c. 1300 this church was connected to Finglas parish until it became a chapel on the lands of All Hallows who supplied one of the Canons to say mass there. It was granted with all other possessions of All Hallows to Dublin Corporation in 1538 (Ronan, 1940, 182-194). Only grass covered wall footings of the church survive. These are built of randomly coursed masonry (dims. L13m, For inspection Wth purposes5.5m, only. H 0.4m). There are openings in the Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. north and south walls. The east end is dominated by a large tree. Some internals burials. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout Updated by: Christine Baker. Date of upload: 18 January 2015. Date of last visit: 23 November 2013. Source RMP Archives; Wheeler H. OPW Field Report, 20-28/07/1976 Ronan, M. V. Rev. 1940 Mulhurrard and Cloghran-Hiddert, JRSAI vol. 70, pp. 182-193 ‘Cloghran was still a parochial church c. 1300. It was given the title Hyddart to distinguish it from another parochial church of Cloghran (Swords). Connected with Celtic monaster of Finglas. In Archbishop Bulkeley’s visitation of 1630 it is reported that Cloghran Hydert is an impropriation of the city of Dublin the tithes being worth £20 per annum. The said Mr. Wilson of Finglas is curate there…the ruins of the small church, consisting only of nave, are still extant, buried several feet in the encroaching earth of the cemetery. D’Alton pp. 587. Ball, F. E. 1920. History of Co. Dublin Part VI, p. 49.

Distance from 1120m site Type of No predicted impact Impact

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Significance Imperceptible of Impact

RMP No. DU013-008002- Site Type Graveyard Location CLOGHRAN (Castleknock By.) NGR 309180, 241714 Description A roughly square graveyard on a natural rise which has been quarried to the very edge of the graveyard. It contains a number of 18th century memorials. Bounded by cast-iron railings and hedgerows. The gravemarkers consist of 18th, 19th and early 20th century headstones. One of the oldest visible is that of Margaret Roe who died in 1737. The graveyard was previously surveyed in 1992 (Egan), Compiled by: Geraldine Stout. Updated by: Christine Baker. Date of upload: 18 January 2015. Date of last visit: 23 November 2013. References: Egan, M. 1992, Memorials of the Dead: Dublin City and County, Volume 5. Source RMP Archives Distance from 1120m site Type of No predicted impact Impact Significance Imperceptible of Impact

RMP No. DU013-012---- Site Type Mound Location CORDUFF (Castleknock By.) NGR 307641, 240322 Description Located at eastern end of open space for Warrenstown housing estate, close to a stream that runs into the Tolka. The mound (diam.28m; H 2m) is completely overgrown with brambles and the area appears to have been used for construction For inspection purposesscarping only. and dumping as well as domestic Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. dumping. The mound is within an area designated as a flood plain. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout. Updated by: Christine Baker. Date of upload: 19 January 2015. Date of last visit: 05 October 2013. Source RMP Archives; Healy, P. 1974, Report on Monuments and Sites of Archaeological interest in County Dublin, p. 21. ‘Moat, circular earthen mound diameter 28m, height 2m’. Fairey survey AP 19/32 Distance from 1090m site Type of No predicted impact Impact Significance Imperceptible of Impact

RMP No. DU013-014---- Site Type Mound Location CORDUFF (Castleknock By.) NGR 308504, 240421 Description Comprises a large earthen mound (diam.50m, H 3m). Located within the IDA Industrial estate, large landscaped mound serving as a roundabout. Tree planting has become established and drainage inserted into base.

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Compiled by: Geraldine Stout. Updated by: Christine Baker. Date of upload: 19 January 2015. Date of last visit: 05 October 2013. Source RMP Archives; Healy, P. 1974, Report on Monuments and Sites of Archaeological interest in County Dublin, p. 21. ‘Mound – circular earthen mound diameter 50m, height 3m’. Distance from 280m site Type of No predicted impact Impact Significance Imperceptible of Impact

RMP No. DU013-015---- Site Type Ringfort - unclassified Location CORDUFF (Castleknock By.) NGR 307762, 239835 Description A circular earthen platform which is scarped all around (diam.42m; H 3m); probably the remains of a platform ringfort. Named 'fort' on the 1837 OS 6-inch map. The site was formerly under dense tree cover on the grounds of Corduff House. Now within green space abutted by two playing pitches and a pathway. Remains of well established trees edging and upon mound which is defined on its top edge by large boulders. Some denuding along southwest quadrant. Being used for anti-social behaviour. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout. Updated by: Christine Baker. Date of upload: 19 January 2015. Date of last visit: 16 September 2013. Source RMP Archives; Healy, P. 1974,Report on Monuments and Sites of Archaeological interest in County Dublin, p. 21. ‘Mound - circular earthen mound, scarped all around. Diameter 42m, height 3m’. Distance from 1230m site Type of No predicted impact Impact

Significance Imperceptible For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. of Impact

RMP No. DU013-016---- Site Type Ringfort - unclassified Location CORDUFF (Castleknock By.) NGR 308003, 239632 Description One of three sites within close proximity named 'fort' on the 1837 OS 6- inch map. There is a housing estate on the site. Not visible at ground level. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout. Updated by: Christine Baker. Date of upload: 19 January 2015. Date of last visit: 16 September 2010. Source RMP Archives; Healy, P. 1974, Report on Monuments and Sites of Archaeological interest in County Dublin, p. 21. ‘A natural gravel hill with no artificial feature now to be seen’. Distance from 1240m site Type of No predicted impact Impact Significance Imperceptible of Impact

RMP No. DU013-023---- (not RMP redundant record) ______

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Site Type House - 16th/17th century Location BUZZARDSTOWN NGR 307433, 240428 Description The Down Survey (1655-6) map shows a dwelling at Buzzardstown near Buzzardstown House. In the second half of the 18th century the family of Flood owned Buzzardstown House-on a winters night in 1761 it is recorded that the gable-end of Mr Flood’s house at Mulhuddart suddenly gave way, whereby Mrs Flood and her daughter were killed. Test excavation (Licence no. 06E0184) was undertaken at the site of Buzzardstown House but archaeological remains were not located. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout. Updated by: Christine Baker. Date of upload: 20 January 2015. Date of last visit: 16 September 2013. Source RMP Archives Distance from 1220m site Type of No predicted impact Impact Significance Imperceptible of Impact

RMP No. DU013-025---- Site Type House - 16th/17th century Location CORDUFF (Castleknock By.) NGR 307882, 239940 Description There is a large multi-gabled dwelling marked on the Down Survey (1655- 6) map compiled. The Civil Survey (1654-6) mentions a 'stone house, slated' (Simington 1945, 246). Possibly incorporated into the make-up of the later Corduff House. Test excavation and monitoring (Licence no. 05E0360) were undertaken in advance of the construction of a sports hall. The vestiges of eight rooms representing the foundation level of the later house, part of a tiled area from the ground floor and remnants of a pond 20m north of the house location were excavated (Carroll, 2006).

Compiled by: Geraldine For inspection Stout. purposes Updated only. by: Christine Baker. Date of Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. upload: 20 January 2015. Date of last visit: 16 September 2013 Source RMP Archives; Carroll, J. 2006 Archaeological Excavation, Corduff Community Campus, Corduff Park, Blanchardstown, Dublin 15 (Licence no. 05E0360). Unpublished report submitted to the National Monuments Service, Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht. Distance from 1070m site Type of No predicted impact Impact Significance Imperceptible of Impact

RMP No. DU013-147---- Site Type Fulacht fia Location DEANSTOWN (Castleknock By.) NGR 308793, 239778 Description The site was subject to geophysical survey (12R0111) and excavation (Licence no. 13E134Ext.) in advance of the construction GAA pitches. This monument consisted of three pits filled with burnt mound types deposits. Pit 1 was oval in plan (1.7, x 1.1m). Pit 2 was circular in plan (1.8m diam.) and Pit 3 oval (1.1m x 0.8m) was associated with a possible trough (2.1m x 1.7m). A sample of hazel from the fill of the trough returned

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a calibrated date of 1917-1747 BC, dating it to the Early Bronze Age (Coughlan 2013, 4). Compiled by: Christine Baker. Date of upload: 6 February 2015. Source RMP Archives; Coughlan, T. 2013 Archaeological excavation final report, National Sports Campus; GAA Pitches, Deanestown, Co. Dublin (Licence no. 13E134Ext). Unpublished report. National Monuments Service, Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht. Distance from 930m site Type of No predicted impact Impact Significance Imperceptible of Impact

RMP No. DU014-014001- Site Type Enclosure Location CLOGHRAN (Castleknock By.) NGR 309483, 241578 Description This was one of three enclosures identified as cropmarks on aerial photograph (CUCAP, BDR 29). It was an irregular oval in plan (dims. 40m E-W; 30m N-S). Probably a levelled ringfort. Not visible at ground level. Built over by the North Western Business Park. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout. Updated by: Christine Baker. Date of upload: 22 January 2015. Date of last visit: 15 September 2008. Source RMP Archives; CUCAP Aps AYP 54, AVS 36, AVS 35, BDR 30, BDR 29; Fairey Survey of Ireland AP 416/15. Distance from 1140m site Type of No predicted impact Impact Significance Imperceptible of Impact For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. RMP No. DU014-014002- Site Type Enclosure Location CLOGHRAN (Castleknock By.) NGR 309522, 241562 Description This was one of three enclosures identified as cropmarks on a Cambridge aerial photograph (CUCAP, BDR 29). It was sub-circular in plan (dims.30m E-W; 42m N-S). A 'tadpole' shaped cropmark located eccentrically within the enclosure may be the remains of a levelled souterrain (DU014-014003-). Not visible at ground level. Built over by the North Western Business Park. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout. Updated by: Christine Baker. Date of upload: 22 January 2015. Date of last visit: 15 September 2008. Source RMP Archives; CUCAP Aps AYP 54, AVS 36, AVS 35, BDR 30, BDR 29; Fairey Survey of Ireland AP 416/15. Distance from 1140m site Type of No predicted impact Impact Significance Imperceptible of Impact

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Site Type Souterrain Location CLOGHRAN (Castleknock By.) NGR 309518, 241578 Description Within one of three enclosures identified as cropmarks on an aerial photograph (CUCAP, BDR 29) is a 'tadpole' shaped feature (DU014- 014002-). This is probably the site of a souterrain (Clinton 1998, 122-123). Not visible at ground level. Built over by North Western Business Park. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout. Updated by; Christine Baker. Date of upload: 22 January 2015Date of last visit: 15 September 2008. Source RMP Archives; CUCAP Aps AYP 54, AVS 36, AVS 35, BDR 30, BDR 29; Fairey Survey of Ireland AP 416/15/ Distance from 1140m site Type of No predicted impact Impact Significance Imperceptible of Impact

RMP No. DU014-014004- Site Type Enclosure Location CLOGHRAN (Castleknock By.) NGR 309495, 241582 Description This was one of three enclosures identified from aerial photograph (CUCAP, BDR 29). It is oval in plan (dims. c. 40m NW-SE; 33m E-W). Not visible at ground level. Built over by North Western Business Park. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout. Updated by: Christine Baker. Date of upload: 22 January 2015. Date of last visit: 15 September 2008. Source RMP Archives; CUCAP Aps AYP 54, AVS 36, AVS 35, BDR 30, BDR 29; Fairey Survey of Ireland AP 416/15. Distance from 1140m site Type of No predicted impact Impact For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Significance Imperceptible of Impact

RMP No. DU014-025---- Site Type Redundant record Location BALLYCOOLEN NGR 309491, 240689 Description This is a well-defined rise (diam. 20-25m, H 2m). It lies along a prominent ridge in the landscape. Listed in the SMR (1988) as 'Earthwork unclassified'. Archaeological testing undertaken in 1994 to assess the archaeological potential of the ground surrounding the feature revealed a natural soil profile. The mound is a natural one, apparently rising over a cone of rock some 3-3.5m beneath the original summit level. Following an archaeological assessment, the upper portion of the mound was mechanically removed under archaeological supervision to ensure that no archaeological features had been inserted into it even though it is a natural feature. In spite of its morphology and possible parallels in the near vicinity the moat has been shown to have been a natural feature (Gowen 1995a, 18) and was not included in the statutory list of recorded monuments (RMP 1998). The evidence is not sufficient to warrant accepting this as an archaeological monument.

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Compiled by: Geraldine Stout. Date of upload: 26 August 2011. Date of last visit: 26 May 1993. Source RMP Archives; Healy, P. 1975, Report on Monuments and Sites of Archaeological interest in County Dublin, p. 27; Gowen, M. 1995a Ballycoolen Industrial Park, Blanchardstown. In I. Bennett (ed.), Excavations 1994: summary accounts of archaeological excavations in Ireland, 18. Bray. Wordwell. Distance from 790m site Type of No predicted impact Impact Significance Imperceptible of Impact

RMP No. DU014-050---- Site Type Fulacht fia Location GRANGE (Coolock By., Coolock ED) NGR 310034, 241124 Description The investigations in 1988 for Phase 2, north-eastern Gas Pipeline uncovered a surface scatter of burnt mound material comprising charcoal- blackened soil and peat-cracked stone (6m E-W; 5m N-S). The remains formed part of a penannular feature with an opening towards the E. A variety of stone types were noted (Gowen 1989, 5). Compiled by: Geraldine Stout. Date of upload: 26 August 2011. Source RMP Archives Distance from 1390m site Type of No predicted impact Impact Significance Imperceptible of Impact

For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

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APPENDIX 9.2

EXCAVATIONS

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Previously published archaeological excavations in the area from 1969 to 2014 (www.excavations.ie) are summarised below. The following townlands were assessed Ballycoolen, Buzzardstown, Cloghran, Corduff, Deanstown, Grange and Snugborough.

County: Dublin Site name: Ballycoolen Industrial Park, Blanchardstown Excavations.ie number: 1994:044 Licence number: 94E0130 Author: Margaret Gowen, Rath House, Ferndale Rd, Rathmichael, Co. Dublin. Site type: Mound/ "Moat" ITM: E 709427m, N 740925m Due to the presence of a recorded moat on the site, the planning decision included a condition requiring that it be “..preserved and landscaped..” The site is listed in the County Development Plan.

The moat was a well-defined mound, roughly 20-25m in diameter and over 2m high. It lay along an obvious ridge in the landscape, which while generally fairly flat has occasional hummocks of this type, but not of such height. In the near vicinity of the site there are three such mounds, one of which was excavated by Paddy Healy in the early 1970s, within the Dublin Corporation dump complex at Dunsink; it produced the remains of Food Vessel cist burials and was interpreted as a multiple cist cairn dating to the Bronze Age.

There was very good reason, therefore, to suppose that this feature had an archaeological significance, even if it was not entirely artificial (many of these sites can comprise an existing hummock which has been slightly artificially raised or shaped).

For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. The archaeological assessment was undertaken at first to assess the archaeological potential of the ground surrounding the moat to establish an area of interest or zone of archaeological potential around it. The investigation involved the inspection of seven 0.8m-wide mechanically- excavated slit trenches, four long trenches cut radially around the periphery of the mound and three shorter trenches opened on the mound itself.

Without exception, all trenches revealed a natural soil profile. The mound is a natural one, apparently rising over a cone of rock some 3-3.5m beneath the original summit level.

Further to the assessment trenching, the upper portion of the mound was mechanically removed under archaeological supervision to ensure that no archaeological features had been inserted into it even though it is a natural feature. In spite of its morphology and possible parallels in the near vicinity the moat has been shown to have been a natural feature without archaeological significance.

County: Dublin Site name: Ballycoolen/Cappoge/Grange Excavations.ie number: 1995:046 Licence number: 95E0253 ______

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Author: Deirdre Murphy, Archaeological Consultancy Services, Mespil House, Sussex Road, Dublin 4. Site type: No archaeological significance ITM: E 709727m, N 740825m Archaeological testing by trial-trenching was carried out on the site of a proposed rock extraction works at Ballycoolen, Dublin, in October 1995. The site is located in an area close to several archaeological sites identified in the SMR for County Dublin.

Four trenches were excavated in total in the vicinity of the area to be disturbed by the proposed extraction works. The area to the west of the site was not tested as the ground here was previously disturbed by quarrying and limestone rock was exposed. Boulder clay and natural rock were exposed in all of the four trenches and it lay quite close to the surface. There were no features uncovered in any of the trenches or finds of great antiquity.

County: Dublin Site name: Ballycoolen and Sheephill Excavations.ie number: 2014:036 Licence number: 14E0037 Author: Fintan Walsh Site type: No archaeology found ITM: E 709171m, N 739833m Monitoring was undertaken of ground disturbance associated with the Community Grass Pitches in the National Sports Campus at Ballycoolen and Sheephill, Co. Dublin in response to planning conditions attached to the development by Fingal County Council (Planning Ref.: FW/09A/0061).

Monitoring of topsoil stripping was carriedFor inspection out purposes in only. five areas in Ballycoolen and Sheephill Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. townlands between 4 and 19 March 2014.

Nothing of archaeological significance was identified during monitoring.

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EPA Export 21-06-2017:03:25:07 ARCHAEOLOGICAL & CULTURAL HERITAGE AWN Consulting Limited ______and is bounded by the Cruiserath and Ballycoolin roads to the north, a residential housing estate and public park (Lady's Well Park) to the south and Blanchardstown Road North to the east. Four test-trenches were excavated at areas close to recorded monuments outside the proposed development site. Trenches 1 and 2 were excavated in Field 2 at the south-west corner of the site, close to Corduff mound (SMR 13:12) and Corduff House (SMR 13:25). Trenches 3 and 4 were excavated in Field 14 along the western edge of the proposed site, close to a church site in Buzzardstown (SMR 13:10) and a holy well site in the vicinity of Lady's Well Park to the south of Field 14.

Trenches 1 (east-west) and 2 (south-west/north-east) were 49m and 66m long respectively. Topsoil on average 0.3m deep was removed to reveal orange/brown clay loam 0.5m deep over grey boulder clay in both trenches. Trenches 3 (south-west/north-east) and 4 (north- west/south-east) were 69m and 44m long respectively. Removal of topsoil to a depth of 0.3m revealed a sandy clay loam on average 0.3m deep, which overlay gravelly clay subsoil. No deposits, features or finds of archaeological significance were encountered.

County: Dublin Site name: Buzzardstown Excavations.ie number: 2006:571 Licence number: 06E0184 Author: Judith Carroll, Judith Carroll & Co. Ltd, 11 Anglesea Street, Temple Bar, Dublin 2. Site type: No archaeological significance. ITM: E 706409m, N 740253m The site was located within the constraint area of DU013–023, Buzzardstown House, in For inspection purposes only. Mulhuddart, Dublin 15. Trial-testingConsent took of copyright place owner on required the site for any in other April use. 2006 prior to the construction of a new structure for community training to accommodate the Tolka River Project. The construction was a single-storey community training building and a stoned and blinded carpark. The testing of the site yielded no archaeological features or finds.

County: Dublin Site name: Buzzardstown Excavations.ie number: 2007:435 Licence number: 07E0273 Author: Judith Carroll, Judith Carroll & Co. Ltd, Consultant Archaeologists, 11 Anglesea Street, Temple Bar, Dublin 2. Site type: No archaeological significance ITM: E 707235m, N 740882m The site was located within the constraint area of DU013–023, Buzzardstown House, in Mulhuddart, Dublin 15. Trial testing took place on the site in April 2007 prior to the construction of a new structure for community training to accommodate the Tolka River project, with

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EPA Export 21-06-2017:03:25:07 ARCHAEOLOGICAL & CULTURAL HERITAGE AWN Consulting Limited ______associated stoned and blinded carpark. A total of six trenches were excavated. The testing of the site yielded no archaeological features or finds.

County: Dublin Site name: Parslickstown/Coolmine/Buzzardstown Excavations.ie number: 2007:535 Licence number: 07E0848 Author: Aaron Johnston, for Cultural Resource Development Services Ltd, Unit 4A, Dundrum Business Park, Dundrum, Dublin 14. Site type: No archaeological significance ITM: E 706581m, N 740431m A pre-development test excavation was carried out at Mulhuddart Bridge, in the townlands of Parslickstown, Coolmine and Buzzardstown, within a section of the development corridor for the proposed Blanchardstown regional drainage scheme, on behalf of Fingal County Council. The proposed development corridor extends along the River Tolka and the Royal Canal, crossing through the townlands of Parslickstown, Coolmine, Buzzardstown, Corduff, Deanestown, Blanchardstown, Castleknock and Ashtown. At the time of writing the exact route of the pipeline within the development corridor had not been confirmed, pending planning permission. It is estimated that the proposed pipe trench will measure between 2.5m and 4m in width and require an associated machine wayleave of up to 20m in width during its construction phase. The assessment report identified the immediate environs of Mulhuddart Bridge, and the area immediately to the west of the bridge, as possessing significant archaeological potential, based on an examination of cartographic sources and documentary research. The assessment noted that a bridge has been located in Mulhuddart parish from at least the 16th For inspection purposes only. century and that the junction of Consenttownland of copyright and owner civil required parish for any boundaries other use. at the site of the existing bridge suggest it might occupy the site of the original medieval bridge. The assessment also identified a number of documentary references to a mill in Parslickstown townland from the 16th century onwards and reproduced a map of 1762 depicting a mill a short distance north- west of Mulhuddart Bridge. Pre-development testing was carried out on 17–19 September 2007. The trial-trenches were sited adjacent to the existing bridge and across an extensive area of the proposed pipeline corridor to the west in an attempt to identify any remains associated with either the medieval bridge or the mill identified in early modern sources. Licensed metal detection of spoil generated during excavation was undertaken (Licence 07R153, 07R155). No archaeological remains were exposed and no significant finds were recovered. Testing confirmed that the areas to the west of Mulhuddart Bridge had been subject to extensive recent disturbance; the presence of any surviving remains associated with the mill within this section of the pipeline corridor was discounted. Testing adjacent to the bridge was restricted by the presence of overhead power cables and a concern to avoid any impacts on the stability of the existing structure. A wade survey of the Tolka River underneath and in the vicinity of the bridge was cancelled after a health and safety

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EPA Export 21-06-2017:03:25:07 ARCHAEOLOGICAL & CULTURAL HERITAGE AWN Consulting Limited ______assessment identified the area as having a significant risk of biohazards, which would have posed a threat to the health of the people involved. It is still possible that remains associated with the 16th-century bridge may lie under or immediately adjacent to the existing bridge. It was recommended that any works carried out in the immediate vicinity of Mulhuddart Bridge be monitored.

County: Dublin Site name: College Business & Technology Park, Snugborough Road, Buzzardstown Excavations.ie number: 2014:032 Licence number: 14E0141 ext. Author: Mark Moraghan Site type: Isolated pit ITM: E 707660m, N 741201m An excavation was carried out in the townland of Buzzardstown in the College Business & Technology Park, Blanchardstown, Dublin 15 in May 2014.

Two areas of archaeological potential were identified in earlier testing, carried out by Fintan Walsh (14E0141). These areas were excavated within the south-west corner of the development area. The three spreads recorded in Area 1 were identified as non- archaeological in origin.

A single pit was recorded in Area 2 which contained a small quantity of charcoal, seed and burnt bone. It was not possible to determine if the bone was animal or human due to the condition and size of the fragments. Analysis of the seed and charcoal indicated cereal-drying activity was ongoing in the vicinity however For inspection no purposes in situ only. burning was recorded. The pit, which Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. appeared to contain domestic refuse, has been dated to the early medieval period.

County: Dublin Site name: CORDUFF COMMUNITY CAMPUS, CORDUFF PARK, BLANCHARDSTOWN Excavations.ie number: 2005:392 Licence number: 05E0360 Author: Judith Carroll, Judith Carroll & Company Ltd, 11 Anglesea Street, Temple Bar, Dublin 2. Site type: Post-medieval ITM: E 707639m, N 740043m Test-trenching and subsequent monitoring took place at Corduff Park. The site was the former demesne of Corduff House, which was proposed for development by Fingal County Council as a new multi-purpose sports hall with a large area of carparks and a new access road. The demesne had already been extensively developed with modern housing estates and there were already existing community facilities on it.

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The site of the development was located on or very close to SMR 13:25, a dwelling. The RMP files indicate that what is being referred to is the large house and gardens which figured on the Down Survey maps of c. 1655, in the Corduff Demesne. Its exact position in the estate is not clear, but it is suggested in the files that it may be on the site of, or incorporated into, the demesne house which was there. The demesne has a long history. The de la Felde family resided there from the 13th to the end of the 16th century. It then became the home of the Warren family, who lived there for the next two hundred years. Corduff House itself is remembered by locals as recently as 1981, when it was burned down. Trial-trenching took place during the week of 5 April 2005. This revealed the foundations of Corduff House and a pond which was directly north of it. No other features or finds of archaeological significance came to light. Monitoring during development and recording of the remains of the house was recommended. This took place between 16 May and 19 June.

Royal Canal, crossing through the townlands of Parslickstown, Coolmine, Corduff, Deanestown, Blanchardstown, Castleknock and Ashtown. The proposed pipe trench will measure between 2.5m and 15m in width and require an associated wayleave of up to 25m in width during its construction phase. Nothing of archaeological significance was identified in the course of monitoring of geotechnical test-pits and boreholes along the route of the proposed development.

County: Dublin Site name: CORDUFF PARK Excavations.ie number: 2009:302 Licence number: 05E0360 Author: Judith Carroll, Judith Carroll & Company Ltd, 11 Anglesea Street, Temple Bar, Dublin 2. Site type: Post-medieval ITM: E 707813m, N 739809m Monitoring and excavation were carried out between August and December 2009 in advance of the construction of a childcare centre on the grounds of Corduff Park, Blanchardstown, Dublin 15, for Corduff Childcare Services Ltd. The site is located to the north-east of

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Blanchardstown, Dublin 15. It is on the former Corduff estate, the grounds and demesne lands of Corduff House. The location of Corduff House was on the highest point in the immediate area at 64.325 OD. Previously, in 2005, monitoring and excavation were undertaken under the same licence (and managed by this company), which uncovered part of the remains of Corduff House (Excavations 2005, No. 392). Further remains of Corduff House were uncovered during this phase of excavation, as well as a limekiln and earlier contexts. The site of the development is located in the vicinity of DU013–025, a dwelling. The RMP files refer to the large house and gardens figured on the Down Survey maps of c. 1655, in the Corduff Demesne. The exact position of the 17th-century house in the estate is not clear, but it is suggested in the files that it may be on the site of, or incorporated into, the demesne house which existed there. Rocque’s map shows the demesne in 1760, but does not further clarify the position of the major house. The position of Corduff House in the early 19th century is recorded on the first-edition OS map and again in the early 20th century on the 1910 OS map. From this series of maps it would appear that the precise location of Corduff House within Corduff Demesne has changed considerably over time. The barony of Castleknock was granted to Hugh Tyrrell by Hugh de Lacy, who came to Ireland in 1171. The Tyrrell family appears to have prospered on the lands throughout the 13th century. During this time a number of families were established on the Castleknock lands, either by grant from the crown or from the Tyrrells. To the north-west, at Corduff, was the family of de la Felde and, at Abbotstown and Blanchardstown, the families of Abbot and Blanchard, from whom these areas derived their names (Ball 1920, 8–11). At the close of the 14th century the de la Feldes were still found at Corduff (ibid., 15). Though there were great changes in the lands forming the barony of Castleknock in the following centuries, as For inspection purposes only. described by Ball, the de la FeldesConsent were of copyright still owner at Corduff required for anyat otherthe use. end of the 16th century: ‘In the last decade of that century [they] sent a mounted archer from it to a hosting at Tara’ (ibid., 17). Early in the 17th century, Corduff become the residence of the Warren family, who lived there for the next two hundred years. During excavation and monitoring, portions of Corduff House were uncovered. Further excavation of the underlying ground levels revealed the presence of earlier archaeological deposits. A stone-walled structure below the Corduff House was uncovered. This structure truncated an earlier field boundary/ditch, which was one of the earliest archaeological features visible in the levels of the site. To the south-east of Corduff House a limekiln was uncovered, one of the flues of which lay underneath Corduff House at its eastern corner Reference Ball, F.E. 1920 A history of the County Dublin. Vol. 6.

County: Dublin Site name: Deanestown and Corduff Excavations.ie number: 2013:220 Licence number: 13E0134 Author: Tim Coughlan

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Site type: Burnt mound activity ITM: E 708634m, N 739981m Testing was undertaken at Deanestown and Corduff, Co. Dublin for the National Sports Campus Development Agency in advance of the development of GAA pitches.

Testing followed on from a geophysical survey undertaken in 2012 by Minerex Geophysics Ltd (Krahn, 2012; Licence 12R111).

A total of eight trenches were mechanically investigated across the test area targeting geophysical anomalies. A small area of archaeological potential, comprising three pits containing burnt mound material, were identified in Trench 2.

County: Dublin Site name: ASTAGOB (CASTLEKNOCK BY, CASTLEKNOCK ED)/CAPPAGH/CAPPOGE/CLONBURRIS GREAT/COOLMINE (CASTLEKNOCK BY)/CORDUFF (CASTLEKNOCK BY.)/DARDISTOWN/IRISHTOWN (CASTLEKNOCK BY.)/MERRYFALLS/RONANSTOWN/SILLOGE/SNUGBOROUGH (CASTLEKNOCK BY.) Excavations.ie number: 2011:176 Licence number: 10E0410 Author: Kara Ward Site type: Monitoring ITM: E 706763m, N 735822m Monitoring of preliminary ground investigations was undertaken for the route of Metro West, a twin-track light rail system which will serve a c. 25km corridor from the junction of Belgard

Road/Old Blessington Road in Tallaght For inspectionto Dardistown. purposes only. It will link Tallaght, Clondalkin, Liffey Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Valley and Blanchardstown and will provide a fast commuter service to the city centre, Swords and the airport via Metro North. Geotechnical investigations were required in order to provide factual data for use in the design and construction of Metro West. It was proposed to undertake cable percussion and rotary cored boreholes, together with trial pits, to determine the nature and thickness of the underlying soils, and also to ascertain the level and nature of the underlying rock as well as infiltration rates. Monitoring of boreholes and trial pits was carried out in those areas deemed to be within or adjacent to the zones of archaeological potential for a number of sites, including DU017-005 (ringfort, unclassified), DU014-027 (castle–tower-house), DU014-021 (field system, possible) and DU013-019 (church and graveyard, National Monument). In addition, a number of boreholes/trial pits were within or adjacent to a number of areas of archaeological potential as identified by the Metro West Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). The locations of these works were geographically dispersed along the proposed route and within the townlands of Astagob (Castleknock By, Castleknock ED), Cappagh, Cappoge, Clonburris Great, Coolmine (Castleknock By), Corduff (Castleknock By), Dardistown,

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Irishtown (Castleknock By), Merryfalls, Ronanstown, Silloge and Snugborough (Castleknock By). The excavations of a total of twelve trial pits and thirteen boreholes were subject to monitoring along the route of Metro West. A further ten trial pits, five boreholes and five infiltration test pits were monitored at the location of the Metro North depot in Dardistown. Nothing of apparent archaeological significance was located in any of the pits or boreholes.

County: Dublin Site name: Blanchardstown IDA Business and Technology Park, Snugborough Excavations.ie number: 2013:041 Licence number: 13E348 Author: Antoine Giacometti Site type: No archaeological significance ITM: E 708825m, N 740459m A programme of monitoring was undertaken at the Hexagon Buildings, Blanchardstown Industrial Estate, Snugborough Road, Blanchardstown (Snugborough townland), Dublin 15, in September and October 2013. A mound (DU013-014) located 300m west of the site may be the remains of a later prehistoric burial mound or possibly an estate feature. The absence of cartographic depictions of such a substantial feature may also suggest an even more modern origin.

Monitoring took place of topsoil stripping in a green field prior to the construction of a warehouse. Topsoil was extremely shallow (5-200mm) suggesting the site had been previously stripped of topsoil sometime in the recent past, probably during the landscaping of the IDA Park, and a small mound in the For north inspection-west purposes of only. the site turned out to be modern in origin. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. The underlying subsoil was mostly undisturbed except for some areas of modern building disturbance from the last fifty years, and a large area of scorched natural subsoil and charcoal- rich cut features in the centre of the site resulting from the burning of a 19th-century field boundary hedge which was identified on the 1840s OS map. A 2m wide east-west-running truncated drain or ditch surviving to a depth of 0.15m was identified at the eastern edge of the building footprint, filled with dark bluish-brown clayish-silt. This contained 19th- and 20th- century material and is likely to be an in-filled field boundary or drainage feature, however it does not correlate with cartographic sources. No archaeological material was identified within the building footprint.

County: Dublin Site name: College Business & Technology Park, Snugborough Road, Buzzardstown Excavations.ie number: 2014:032 Licence number: 14E0141 ext. Author: Mark Moraghan Site type: Isolated pit

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ITM: E 707660m, N 741201m An excavation was carried out in the townland of Buzzardstown in the College Business & Technology Park, Blanchardstown, Dublin 15 in May 2014.

A single pit was recorded in Area 2 which contained a small quantity of charcoal, seed and burnt bone. It was not possible to determine if the bone was animal or human due to the condition and size of the fragments. Analysis of the seed and charcoal indicated cereal-drying activity was ongoing in the vicinity however no in situ burning was recorded. The pit, which appeared to contain domestic refuse, has been dated to the early medieval period.

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IMIL Process Vent Abatement Project EIAR

EPA Export 21-06-2017:03:25:08 ARCHAEOLOGICAL & CULTURAL HERITAGE AWN Consulting Limited ______

APPENDIX 9.3

ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONITORING REPORT JULY 2016

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IMIL Process Vent Abatement Project EIAR

EPA Export 21-06-2017:03:25:08 CRDS Ltd., 2 Grosvenor Terrace, Monkstown, Co. Dublin, Ireland. Tel: (+3531) 2020521 Email: [email protected] Web: www.crds.ie

Archaeological Monitoring of development works at

Ipsen Manufacturing Ireland Ltd., Blanchardstown Industrial Park, Snugboro Road, Dublin 15

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On behalf of Ipsen Manufacturing Ireland Fingal Planning Ref. 15/4175 NMS Licence no. 15E0523

CRDS 2016

Directors: EurGeol Dr Stephen Mandal MIAI PGeo; Finola O’Carroll MA MIAI Company Registration No: 310188 (Eire). V.A.T. Registration No: IE6330188P

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Table of Contents

1 Introduction ...... 1 1.1 Previous works...... 1

1.2 Site Description...... 1

1.3 Building 4 ...... 1

1.1.1 Filtration and attenuation area...... 1 2 Nature of the Development...... 1 2.1 Building 4 ...... 2

2.2 Filtration and attenuation area...... 2

3 Archaeological and Historical Background ...... 2 3.1 Baseline Survey ...... 2

4 Archaeological Monitoring ...... 4 4.1 Pre‐disturbance – Building 4...... 4

4.2 Enabling works – Building 4 ...... 4

4.3 Enabling works – Attenuation Pond ...... 4

1.1.2 Test Pits 1 & 2...... 5 1.1.3 Test Pit 3...... 5 5 Recommendations...... 6

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Figures: Figure 1 Development locations Figure 2 Recorded Archaeological Monuments within c. 1.5km of the proposed development Figure 3 Extract from 1st edition Ordnance Survey map showing site of proposed development

Plates: Plate 1 Building 4 ‐ View from spoil bunded spoil on eastern edge of works area (facing west) Plate 2 Building 4 ‐ Enabling works, ground preparation (facing east) Plate 3 Building 4 ‐ Excavation of foundation pad locations Plate 4 Building 4 ‐ Excavation exposing shale bedrock (facing west) Plate 5 Deep excavation at south end of site (facing south) Plate 6 Filtration and attenuation area: exploratory excavation adjacent to manhole (facing west) Plate 7 Filtration and attenuation area ‐ Landscaped spoil bund on northern edge of works area – pre‐excavation (facing east) Plate 8 Filtration and attenuation area ‐ Landscaped spoil bund on northern edge of works area – mid‐excavation (facing east) Plate 9 Filtration and attenuation area ‐ Landscaped spoil bund on northern edge of works area – mid‐excavation (facing east) Plate 10 Filtration and attenuation area ‐ Landscaped spoil bund on northern edge of works area – mid‐excavation (facing east) Plate 11 Filtration and attenuation area ‐ Test Pit 1 (north) Plate 12 Filtration and attenuation area ‐ Test Pit 2 (east) Plate 13 Filtration and attenuation area ‐ Test Pit 3 (east)

Appendices: Appendix 1 Record of Monuments and Places Appendix 2 Excavations

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Executive Summary On behalf of Ipsen Manufacturing Ireland, at the request of AWN Consulting, Finola O’Carroll of CRDS Ltd undertook licensed archaeological monitoring (Licence no. 15E0523) of the current phase of development works at the Ipsen Manufacturing Ireland Ltd campus, Blanchardstown Industrial Park, Snugboro Road, Dublin 15.

The development is undertaken following a grant of planning by Fingal County Council Planning Ref. 15/4175; the application includes works consisting of the construction of a new building ‐ Building 4 Lyophilisation Suite – and associated infrastructure.

The proposed development consists of a new process manufacturing building on lands at the existing facility at Blanchardstown Industrial Estate. This is part of a proposed Masterplan Area that will eventually extend into lands adjacent to the current facility holdings. Ancillary works during the current phase include the construction of access/haul roads, a drainage and filtration area, site clearance and levelling. The building will be accompanied by an internal road system, new surface drainage and landscaping.

The proposed building (Building B4) is located in an area of the site which has previously used for the storage of excess soil from previous site construction projects. The majority of site levelling work had already been completed at the time of the archaeological monitoring, and c. 37,000t of soil had been removed from the site.

Archaeological monitoring, and some targeted archaeological test excavation was undertaken from November to December 2015 in two areas:

• Excavation of pad footings at Building 4 • Excavation of the services area (filtration and drainage)

Nothing of archaeological significance was noted. There are no further archaeological mitigations recommended for the current phase of works at the site.

Further archaeological assessment is For recommended inspection purposes only. for the adjacent areas where further Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. development is proposed as part of the Masterplan.

Measures outlined here are subject to the approval of the National Monuments Service of the Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

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1 Introduction

Ipsen Manufacturing Ireland has been granted permission (Fingal Planning Ref. 15/4175) for the construction of a building (Building 4 Lyophilisation Suite) at the Ipsen Manufacturing plant in Ballycoolin, Blanchardstown Industrial Estate, Snugboro Road, Blanchardstown Dublin 15.

Finola O’Carroll, for CRDS Ltd, and on behalf of Ipsen Manufacturing Ireland appointed to undertake monitoring of construction works for the Building 4 Lyophilisation Suite and associated infrastructure including a filtration and attenuation area.

1.1 Previous works

The existing Ipsen Manufacturing Ireland buildings were constructed c. 1992 in the IDA developed Blanchardstown Industrial Park. Subsequent development included the construction of Building 3 and Warehouse to the east of the main buildings. In the last 5 years, car parking was extended to the south of the main buildings. No archaeological recommendations were included in planning for earlier works.

1.2 Site Description

The site is within an industrial area, occupied on the north and south west sides by the existing Ipsen development which buildings and surface car parking. To the east and south there is further undeveloped land, forming part of the existing industrial estate. Earlier phases of work have resulted in soil bunds along the eastern boundary, and within the western section of the site.

The site was assessed as part of a archaeological assessment undertaken by CRDS in November 2015. The results of the inspection included recommendations for archaeological monitoring for ground works, as much of the top soil had been removed from the site, or incorporated into a soil bund as part of earlier phases of development (Figure 1; Building 3, 2009).

1.3 Building 4 For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

Building 4 is proposed in the area to the immediate north of Building 3 (Figure 1). This area is bounded in the north and west by facilities and buildings, in the south by a mature leylandaii hedge the screens the existing fenced attenuation pond. In the east, the site border is fenced.

1.1.1 Filtration and attenuation area

The filtration and attenuation area is proposed in the area to the immediate south of overflow car park and contractors carp park – this abuts the IDA land boundary (Figure 1). The boundary is not marked on the ground. The line of the boundary is followed the 110 KV line that runs east‐west along the south of the site.

2 Nature of the Development

Works comprise enabling works for the construction a new building to house a Lyophilisation Suite, and the associated infrastructure including a filtration and attenuation area. Development will be undertaken in two areas:

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BUILDING 4

Filtration and attenuation area

Figure 1 Development locations

2.1 Building 4

Construction works of Building 4 (directly to the north of Building 3; see Figure 1) include enabling For inspection purposes only. works. This comprises a series ofConsent machine of copyright‐excavated owner required pits, for any for other the use. laying of concrete‐composite poured pads to create a floating foundation. Infrastructural works include the upgrading of the existing access road to a permanent access road, and service ducting.

2.2 Filtration and attenuation area

Proposed services include a filtration area attenuation pond, and associated drainage.

3 Archaeological and Historical Background

3.1 Baseline Survey

The earliest evidence for settlement consists of the remains of prehistoric fulacht fiadh in the townland of Deanstown (DU013‐147‐‐‐‐) and the townland of Grange (DU014‐050). Fulacht fiadh or burnt mounds comprise mounds of charcoal rich soil, heat‐fractured stones accompanied by a trough sometimes lined with wooden planks, stone slabs or even clay (Waddell 2000). They are generally located close to water sources including streams, rivers, lakes or marshy ground. The exact

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EPA Export 21-06-2017:03:25:08 CRDS/FO’C/BM/ANC Archaeological Monitoring Report 1176 use of these sites is still somewhat ambiguous with their traditional interpretation as cooking places coming into question in recent years. They date predominantly to the Bronze Age but date ranges from the Mesolithic period to the medieval period have been returned. The fulacht fia at Grange (DU014‐050‐‐‐‐) was uncovered during archaeological investigations for the north‐eastern Gas Pipeline. The site consisted of a surface scatter of burnt mount material comprising charcoal‐ blackened soil and heat‐cracked stone. The material formed part of a penannular feature with an opening in the east.

Ringforts are the characteristic settlement site type of the early medieval period. They generally consist of a circular area surrounded by a bank or fosse, or simply by a rampart of stone. In the latter case they are often referred to as cashels from the Irish caisel while those with earthen enclosures are also known by the Irish terms rath or lios. Ringforts are usually interpreted as being defended farmsteads. The interior space would have contained a house and other buildings with the area forming a farmyard. Although the emphasis in the literary sources from the period is on pastoral farming, the results of excavations and palynological studies have emphasised the importance of a mixed farming economy during this period (Edwards 2005, 264‐275). There are two recorded ringforts in the townland of Corduff (DU013‐015 and DU013‐016). The westernmost site (DU013‐015‐‐‐‐) consists of a scarped earthen platform, named fort on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey map. The site is delimited by trees and large boulders.

Many raths and cashels have been partially or completely destroyed since the 1960s and often the only indication of the former presence of a ringfort is preserved in townland name elements such as Dún, Rath, Cashel or Lios. However monuments which have experienced above‐ground disturbance continue to be of archaeological interest due to the potential for subsurface remains to exist at their locations. The term ‘enclosure’ is applied to monuments that cannot be classified more accurately without archaeological assessment but were identified as enclosures during fieldwork or through the study of aerial photography or other sources. When subject to archaeological assessment, the larger examples often prove to be highly denuded ringforts or former church sites while smaller examples may be barrows. They can also prove to be of no archaeological significance. Three enclosures in the townland of Cloghran (DU0114‐014001‐, DU0114‐014002‐ and DU0114‐014004‐) have been identified from cropmarks on aerial photography. There are no longer visible at ground level and have been built over by the North Western For inspection Business purposes Park. only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

Cloghran church and graveyard (DU013‐00801‐ and DU013‐00802‐0 are located c. 1.1km to the north‐east of the proposed development The wall footings of the church are located in a roughly square graveyard on a natural rise within an existing commercial development. The graveyard contains grave markers of early 18th to 20th century date. Before the early 14th century this church was connected to the parish of Finglas and later became a chapel on the land of All Hallows. The Chapel of Cloghran, along with the other possessions of All Hallows, were granted to Dublin Corporation at the time of the Dissolution in 1538 (Ronan 1940, 182‐94). Local tradition records that during a mass at Cloghran the priest saw a person steal and horse and foal. The priest uttered ‘God amend thee’ which has been applied as the name of the neighbouring towland of Godamendy (Egan 1991, Vol. 4, 11‐12; Schools Manuscript Collection vol. 790, p. 9‐10).

The Down Survey map (1655‐56) of the Parish of Castleknock indicates a large gabled dwelling house in the townland of Corduff (DU013‐025‐‐‐‐). Corduff was occupied by the de la Felde family between the 13th and 16th centuries after which it passed into the hands of the Warren family (Ball 1920). While the site of the original house has not been precisely located within the town it is believed to be located within the demesne of Corduff House. Archaeological monitoring and excavation undertaken in advance of a development in 2005 revealed the remains of part of a dwelling with the former demesne. Subsequent excavation and monitoring revealed further portions of Corduff House along with a stone‐walled structure and a limekiln. While the townland of Ballycoolen, in which the proposed development is planned, is not depicted on the Down Survey maps the Civil

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Survey records that the townland of ‘Ballicollan’ belonged to the city of Dublin at this time (Simington 1945). The survey records one thatched house, four or five small cottages valued at six pounds and the walls of an old castle within the townland.

4 Archaeological Monitoring

Archaeological monitoring was undertaken over a number of days between November 16th and December 12th 2015.

4.1 Pre‐disturbance – Building 4

The site has been subject to enabling works including soil stripping and soil bunding as part of an earlier phase of works, including the construction of the adjacent Building 3 (Plate 1). This has resulted in the removal of almost all topsoil, which had been bunded in an embankment running along the north and eastern boundaries on the site, raising the ground level by up to 2m above the original in these areas. These works also included a the construction of a temporary haul road (along the line of the proposed access road) comprising terram with hardcore and gravel overlay (Plate 2). At the south end of the site, a long shallow pit had been excavated, parallel to the site of the existing attenuation pond, for the installation of a wheel wash for construction traffic.

4.2 Enabling works – Building 4

Excavation in the area of Building 4, to accommodate concrete foundations, was undertaken with 13T and 20T machines with alternating toothed and ditching buckets. Excavations include regularly spaced pits across the footprint of the building to accommodate concrete pads for a floating foundation (Plate 3). The pits varied in size, depth and form, ranging from 2x1m to 4x2m in dimension, and from 0.7m to 2+m in depth.

The excavations were altered in size and depth according to ground conditions (Plate 4 and Plate 5). This was to accommodate concrete blinding where required, due to the presence of pyrites.

Top soil survived at the south end of the site, where the existing attenuation pond is located, and along the western limit at the boundary Forwith inspection Building purposes 3. only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

The surviving overburden included natural marl clay, gravels, and seams of loose shale. The shale occurs in seams, trending from the south‐east to north‐west, and occurring closer to the surface toward the centre of the site, outcropping in places (Plate 4).

Nothing of archaeological significance was identified.

4.3 Enabling works – Attenuation Pond

The site of the proposed attenuation pond lies in the south‐west corner of the site (Figure 1). The site, triangular in lay‐out, is bounded in the north by the existing car park and in the west by the public road. The southern boundary has no permanent boundary marker. The neighbouring plot is an undeveloped green‐field site. There is an ESB power line running along the southern boundary, with a pylon at the west end of the boundary; temporary heras fencing has been erected for the duration of works. At the east end of the northern boundary, the existing pond site is delimited by the mature leylandaii hedge that extends around its northern boundary. There is an access road along this boundary.

Enabling works here comprised the excavation of two filtration areas (both 8.5m x 12.5m), and the excavation of associated pipe trenching.

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The northern part of the site is dominated by a spoil bund that has been landscaped with birch trees and gorse bushes, indicating that is has apparently been in place for some time. The bund slopes from west to east (Plate 7). There is security fencing delimiting the car park to the north.

Enabling works commenced with the excavation of an exploratory pit to the east of a man‐hole cover, to identify the location and orientation of the associated service pipes (Plate 6). This revealed a sod layer (avg. 20cm depth) overlying a subsoil comprising re‐deposited natural (c. 50cm depth). Natural was not exposed. This pipework runs parallel to the road, c.8m from the road kerb. And Ordnance Survey Aerial Photograph (1995) indicates the pipework was installed around the period of the IDA ground preparation work for the business park.

The works then proceeded to the excavation of the western‐most filtration area; this area comprises the area of the spoil bund (Plate 7). It is apparent that the original surface in this area has been stripped or levelled in the past. The bund includes two separate landscaping events; the original bund comprises re‐deposited natural, overlying natural, and was bunded up to 1m over ground level. The later event, dating to the installation of the adjacent car park (c. 2010) resulted in an increase in height to c. 2m over the surrounding ground level (Plate 8, Plate 9 and Plate 10). Excavations at the spoil bund indicate that the original topsoil had been removed across this area. The natural comprised a stoney mottled grey clay with large shale stone inclusions. This varies in depth were it survives, and overlies a brick‐red marly clay (Plates 8, Plate 9 and Plate 10). The maximum required depth below ground level for the excavation is 0.76cm; the excavation of the bund averaged to 1m depth below ground level.

Due to safety and space restrictions relating to the adjacent ESB power line and access route from the Building 4 site, along the western boundary of the existing attenuation pond, a targeted testing strategy was devised for the remainder of the site. In order to carry out strategic investigation, three test pits were located to investigate the eastern‐most filtration area, and the pipe trenches:

1.1.2 Test Pits 1 & 2 These test pits were located in south‐eastern and north‐western corners of the (eastern) filtration area. The pits, 2x2m in dimension, revealed For inspection consistent purposes stratigraphyonly. including topsoil comprising re‐ deposited natural with modern rubbish,Consent of upcopyright to 50cm owner requiredin depth, for any and other natural use. clays occurring at c. 80cm below the current ground level (Plate 11 and Plate 12). It is evident that this area had been subject to prior disturbance.

Nothing of archaeological significance was identified.

1.1.3 Test Pit 3 This test pit was excavated at the east end of the attenuation pond site, to the immediate south of the existing pond which lies along the western boundary. The test pit, 2x2m in dimension, was excavated to 1.2m in depth. This test pit revealed a relatively undisturbed stratigraphy, with no modern rubbish present. The overburden included subsoil with loose shales running through it, overlying undisturbed natural clays (Plate 13). This pit, excavated to 1.2m indicates that this part of the site is relatively undisturbed compared to elsewhere. This is probably due to its location, on the west boundary of the Ipsen campus.

Nothing of archaeological significance was identified.

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5 Recommendations

No features of archaeological significance were noted and no further archaeological mitigation is required.

The measures outlined here are subject to the approval of the National Monuments Service of the Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.

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References Aalen, F.H.A. 1978. Man and the landscape in Ireland. London. Aalen, F.H.A., Whelan, K. and Stout, M. (eds.) Atlas of the Rural Irish Landscape. Cork University Press: Cork. Ball, F. E. 1920. A History of the County Dublin. Dublin. Cooney, G. and Grogan, E. 1994. Irish Prehistory – A Social Perspective. Dublin: Wordwell. Edwards, N. 2005. The Archaeology of Early Medieval Ireland, c.400‐1169: Settlement and Economy. Eogan, G., 1965. A catalogue of Irish Bronze swords. Dublin. Eogan, G., 1983. Hoards of the Irish Later Bronze Age. Dublin. Eogan, G., 1994. The Accomplished Art, Gold and Gold working in Britain and Ireland during the Bronze Age (c. 2300 ‐ 650 BC). Oxbow Monograph 42, Oxford. Gwynn, A. & Hadcock, R.N. 1970. Medieval religious houses: Ireland. London: Longmans. Harbison, P., 1968. Catalogue of Irish Early Bronze Age associated finds containing copper or bronze. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 67C, 35‐91. Harbison, P., 1969a. The daggers and the halberds of the Early Bronze Age in Ireland. Prähitorische Bronzefunde, Abteilung VI, Band 1. C.H. Beck, Munich. Harbison, P., 1969b. The axes of the Early Bronze Age in Ireland. Prähitorische Bronzefunde, Abteilung IX, Band 1. C.H. Beck: Munich. Hayes, J. 1965 Manuscript Sources for the History of Irish Civilisation Vol. 8. Hall & Co.: Boston. Hayes, J. 1970 Sources for the History of Irish Civilisation. Articles in Irish Periodicals Vol. 9. Hall & Co.: Boston. Healy, P. 1974 Report on Monuments and sites of archaeological interest in County Dublin. An Foras Forbartha Teoranta. Lewis, S. 1837. A Topographical Dictionary of Ireland, 2 Vols. London. O’Connor, K. D., 1998, The Archaeology of Medieval Rural Settlement in Ireland, Discovery Programme Monographs, Dublin. Pender, S. (ed) 1939. A census of Ireland, circa 1659: with supplementary material from the poll money ordinances (1660‐1661). Dublin: Stationary Office. Raftery, B., 1983. A catalogue of Irish Iron Age antiquities. Marburg. Ronan, M.V 1940 “Mulhuddart and Cloghran” Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries 70, pp. 182‐

193. For inspection purposes only. Simington, R. 1945. The Civil SurveyConsent AD of 1654 copyright‐56 owner Vol. required VII County for any otherof Dublin, use. p. 240.

Stout, M. 1997. The Irish Ringfort. Dublin: Four Courts Press. Taylor, G. & Skinner, A. 1777 (reprinted 1969). Maps of the roads of Ireland. Shannon. Waddell, J. 2000. The Prehistoric Archaeology of Ireland. Galway, Galway University Press. Whelan, K. 1997. The modern landscape: from plantation to present in Aalen, F.H.A., Whelan, K. and Stout, M. (eds.) Atlas of the Rural Irish Landscape, 67‐105. Cork University Press: Cork.

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Appendix 1

Record of Monuments and Places

Sites listed in the Record of Monuments & Places for Co. Dublin are included below. An area of c. 1.5km surrounding the proposed development site was assessed.

RMP No. DU013‐007‐‐‐‐ Site Type Field system Location GODDAMENDY NGR 308594, 241952 Description The 1837 OS 6‐inch map shows an irregular pattern of small fields which may be part of a medieval settlement. This field system was visible on aerial photography taken in 1971 (FSI 24181/417). Built over. Not visible at ground level. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout. Updated by: Christine Baker. Date of upload: 18 January 2015. Date of last visit: 27 April 2010. Source RMP Archives Distance from 1200m site Type of Impact No predicted impact Significance of Imperceptible Impact

RMP No. DU013‐008001 Site Type Church Location CLOGHRAN (Castleknock By.) NGR 309182, 241730 Description Located in a roughly square graveyard located on a rock outcrop which has been quarried away up to the limits of the graveyard. Prior to c. 1300 this church was For inspection purposes only. connected to ConsentFinglas of parishcopyright untilowner requiredit became for any aother chapel use. on the lands of All Hallows who supplied one of the Canons to say mass there. It was granted with all other possessions of All Hallows to Dublin Corporation in 1538 (Ronan, 1940, 182‐194). Only grass covered wall footings of the church survive. These are built of randomly coursed masonry (dims. L13m, Wth 5.5m, H 0.4m). There are openings in the north and south walls. The east end is dominated by a large tree. Some internals burials. Compiled by: Geraldine StoutUpdated by: Christine Baker. Date of upload: 18 January 2015. Date of last visit: 23 November 2013. Source RMP Archives; Wheeler H. OPW Field Report, 20‐28/07/1976 Ronan, M. V. Rev. 1940 Mulhurrard and Cloghran‐Hiddert, JRSAI vol. 70, pp. 182‐ 193 ‘Cloghran was still a parochial church c. 1300. It was given the title Hyddart to distinguish it from another parochial church of Cloghran (Swords). Connected with Celtic monaster of Finglas. In Archbishop Bulkeley’s visitation of 1630 it is reported that Cloghran Hydert is an impropriation of the city of Dublin the tithes being worth £20 per annum. The said Mr. Wilson of Finglas is curate there…the ruins of the small church, consisting only of nave, are still extant, buried several feet in the encroaching earth of the cemetery. D’Alton pp. 587. Ball, F. E. 1920. History of Co. Dublin Part VI, p. 49.

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Distance from 1120m site Type of Impact No predicted impact Significance of Imperceptible Impact

RMP No. DU013‐008002‐ Site Type Graveyard Location CLOGHRAN (Castleknock By.) NGR 309180, 241714 Description A roughly square graveyard on a natural rise which has been quarried to the very edge of the graveyard. It contains a number of 18th century memorials. Bounded by cast‐iron railings and hedgerows. The gravemarkers consist of 18th, 19th and early 20th century headstones. One of the oldest visible is that of Margaret Roe who died in 1737. The graveyard was previously surveyed in 1992 (Egan), Compiled by: Geraldine Stout. Updated by: Christine Baker. Date of upload: 18 January 2015. Date of last visit: 23 November 2013. References: Egan, M. 1992, Memorials of the Dead: Dublin City and County, Volume 5. Source RMP Archives Distance from 1120m site Type of Impact No predicted impact Significance of Imperceptible Impact

RMP No. DU013‐012‐‐‐‐ Site Type Mound Location CORDUFF (Castleknock By.) NGR 307641, 240322 For inspection purposes only. Description Located at easternConsent endof copyright of open owner space required forfor any Warrenstown other use. housing estate, close to a stream that runs into the Tolka. The mound (diam.28m; H 2m) is completely overgrown with brambles and the area appears to have been used for construction scarping and dumping as well as domestic dumping. The mound is within an area designated as a flood plain. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout. Updated by: Christine Baker. Date of upload: 19 January 2015. Date of last visit: 05 October 2013. Source RMP Archives; Healy, P. 1974, Report on Monuments and Sites of Archaeological interest in County Dublin, p. 21. ‘Moat, circular earthen mound diameter 28m, height 2m’. Fairey survey AP 19/32 Distance from 1090m site Type of Impact No predicted impact Significance of Imperceptible Impact

RMP No. DU013‐014‐‐‐‐ Site Type Mound Location CORDUFF (Castleknock By.) NGR 308504, 240421

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Description Comprises a large earthen mound (diam.50m, H 3m). Located within the IDA Industrial estate, large landscaped mound serving as a roundabout. Tree planting has become established and drainage inserted into base. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout. Updated by: Christine Baker. Date of upload: 19 January 2015. Date of last visit: 05 October 2013. Source RMP Archives; Healy, P. 1974, Report on Monuments and Sites of Archaeological interest in County Dublin, p. 21. ‘Mound – circular earthen mound diameter 50m, height 3m’. Distance from 280m site Type of Impact No predicted impact Significance of Imperceptible Impact

RMP No. DU013‐015‐‐‐‐ Site Type Ringfort ‐ unclassified Location CORDUFF (Castleknock By.) NGR 307762, 239835 Description A circular earthen platform which is scarped all around (diam.42m; H 3m); probably the remains of a platform ringfort. Named 'fort' on the 1837 OS 6‐inch map. The site was formerly under dense tree cover on the grounds of Corduff House. Now within green space abutted by two playing pitches and a pathway. Remains of well established trees edging and upon mound which is defined on its top edge by large boulders. Some denuding along southwest quadrant. Being used for anti‐social behaviour. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout. Updated by: Christine Baker. Date of upload: 19 January 2015. Date of last visit: 16 September 2013. Source RMP Archives; Healy, P. 1974,Report on Monuments and Sites of Archaeological interest in County Dublin, p. 21. ‘Mound ‐ circular earthen mound, scarped all around. Diameter 42m, height 3m’. Distance from 1230m For inspection purposes only. site Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Type of Impact No predicted impact Significance of Imperceptible Impact

RMP No. DU013‐016‐‐‐‐ Site Type Ringfort ‐ unclassified Location CORDUFF (Castleknock By.) NGR 308003, 239632 Description One of three sites within close proximity named 'fort' on the 1837 OS 6‐inch map. There is a housing estate on the site. Not visible at ground level. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout. Updated by: Christine Baker. Date of upload: 19 January 2015. Date of last visit: 16 September 2010. Source RMP Archives; Healy, P. 1974, Report on Monuments and Sites of Archaeological interest in County Dublin, p. 21. ‘A natural gravel hill with no artificial feature now to be seen’. Distance from 1240m site Type of Impact No predicted impact Significance of Imperceptible Impact

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RMP No. DU013‐023‐‐‐‐ (not RMP redundant record) Site Type House ‐ 16th/17th century Location BUZZARDSTOWN NGR 307433, 240428 Description The Down Survey (1655‐6) map shows a dwelling at Buzzardstown near Buzzardstown House. In the second half of the 18th century the family of Flood owned Buzzardstown House‐on a winters night in 1761 it is recorded that the gable‐end of Mr Flood’s house at Mulhuddart suddenly gave way, whereby Mrs Flood and her daughter were killed. Test excavation (Licence no. 06E0184) was undertaken at the site of Buzzardstown House but archaeological remains were not located. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout. Updated by: Christine Baker. Date of upload: 20 January 2015. Date of last visit: 16 September 2013. Source RMP Archives Distance from 1220m site Type of Impact No predicted impact Significance of Imperceptible Impact

RMP No. DU013‐025‐‐‐‐ Site Type House ‐ 16th/17th century Location CORDUFF (Castleknock By.) NGR 307882, 239940 Description There is a large multi‐gabled dwelling marked on the Down Survey (1655‐6) map compiled. The Civil Survey (1654‐6) mentions a 'stone house, slated' (Simington 1945, 246). Possibly incorporated into the make‐up of the later Corduff House. Test excavation and monitoring (Licence no. 05E0360) were undertaken in advance of the construction of a sports hall. The vestiges of eight rooms representing the foundation level of the later house, part of a tiled area from the For inspection purposes only. ground floor andConsent remnants of copyright ownerof a required pond for 20m any other north use. of the house location were excavated (Carroll, 2006). Compiled by: Geraldine Stout. Updated by: Christine Baker. Date of upload: 20 January 2015. Date of last visit: 16 September 2013 Source RMP Archives; Carroll, J. 2006 Archaeological Excavation, Corduff Community Campus, Corduff Park, Blanchardtown, Dublin 15 (Licence no. 05E0360). Unpublished report submitted to the National Monuments Service, Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht. Distance from 1070m site Type of Impact No predicted impact Significance of Imperceptible Impact

RMP No. DU013‐147‐‐‐‐ Site Type Fulacht fia Location DEANSTOWN (Castleknock By.) NGR 308793, 239778 Description The site was subject to geophysical survey (12R0111) and excavation (Licence no. 13E134Ext.) in advance of the construction GAA pitches. This monument consisted of three pits filled with burnt mound types deposits. Pit 1 was oval in

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plan (1.7, x 1.1m ). Pit 2 was circular in plan (1.8m diam.) and Pit 3 oval (1.1m x 0.8m) was associated with a possible trough (2.1m x 1.7m). A sample of hazel from the fill of the trough returned a calibrated date of 1917‐1747 BC, dating it to the Early Bronze Age (Coughlan 2013, 4). Compiled by: Christine Baker. Date of upload: 6 February 2015. Source RMP Archives; Coughlan, T. 2013 Archaeological excavation final report, National Sports Campus; GAA Pitches, Deanestown, Co. Dublin (Licence no. 13E134Ext). Unpublished report. National Monuments Service, Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht. Distance from 930m site Type of Impact No predicted impact Significance of Imperceptible Impact

RMP No. DU014‐014001‐ Site Type Enclosure Location CLOGHRAN (Castleknock By.) NGR 309483, 241578 Description This was one of three enclosures identified as cropmarks on aerial photograph (CUCAP, BDR 29). It was an irregular oval in plan (dims. 40m E‐W; 30m N‐S). Probably a levelled ringfort. Not visible at ground level. Built over by the North Western Business Park. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout. Updated by: Christine Baker. Date of upload: 22 January 2015. Date of last visit: 15 September 2008. Source RMP Archives; CUCAP Aps AYP 54, AVS 36, AVS 35, BDR 30, BDR 29; Fairey Survey of Ireland AP 416/15. Distance from 1140m site Type of Impact No predicted impact Significance of Imperceptible For inspection purposes only. Impact Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

RMP No. DU014‐014002‐ Site Type Enclosure Location CLOGHRAN (Castleknock By.) NGR 309522, 241562 Description This was one of three enclosures identified as cropmarks on a Cambridge aerial photograph (CUCAP, BDR 29). It was sub‐circular in plan (dims.30m E‐W; 42m N‐ S). A 'tadpole' shaped cropmark located eccentrically within the enclosure may be the remains of a levelled souterrain (DU014‐014003‐). Not visible at ground level. Built over by the North Western Business Park. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout. Updated by: Christine Baker. Date of upload: 22 January 2015. Date of last visit: 15 September 2008. Source RMP Archives; CUCAP Aps AYP 54, AVS 36, AVS 35, BDR 30, BDR 29; Fairey Survey of Ireland AP 416/15. Distance from 1140m site Type of Impact No predicted impact Significance of Imperceptible Impact

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RMP No. DU014‐014003‐ Site Type Souterrain Location CLOGHRAN (Castleknock By.) NGR 309518, 241578 Description Within one of three enclosures identified as cropmarks on an aerial photograph (CUCAP, BDR 29) is a 'tadpole' shaped feature (DU014‐014002‐). This is probably the site of a souterrain (Clinton 1998, 122‐123). Not visible at ground level. Built over by North Western Business Park. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout. Updated by; Christine Baker. Date of upload: 22 January 2015Date of last visit: 15 September 2008. Source RMP Archives; CUCAP Aps AYP 54, AVS 36, AVS 35, BDR 30, BDR 29; Fairey Survey of Ireland AP 416/15/ Distance from 1140m site Type of Impact No predicted impact Significance of Imperceptible Impact

RMP No. DU014‐014004‐ Site Type Enclosure Location CLOGHRAN (Castleknock By.) NGR 309495, 241582 Description This was one of three enclosures identified from aerial photograph (CUCAP, BDR 29). It is oval in plan (dims. c. 40m NW‐SE; 33m E‐W). Not visible at ground level. Built over by North Western Business Park. Compiled by: Geraldine Stout. Updated by: Christine Baker. Date of upload: 22 January 2015. Date of last visit: 15 September 2008. Source RMP Archives; CUCAP Aps AYP 54, AVS 36, AVS 35, BDR 30, BDR 29; Fairey Survey of Ireland AP 416/15. Distance from 1140m site For inspection purposes only. Type of Impact No predicted impactConsent of copyright owner required for any other use. Significance of Imperceptible Impact

RMP No. DU014‐025‐‐‐‐ Site Type Redundant record Location BALLYCOOLEN NGR 309491, 240689 Description This is a well‐defined rise (diam. 20‐25m, H 2m). It lies along a prominent ridge in the landscape. Listed in the SMR (1988) as 'Earthwork unclassified'. Archaeological testing undertaken in 1994 to assess the archaeological potential of the ground surrounding the feature revealed a natural soil profile. The mound is a natural one, apparently rising over a cone of rock some 3‐3.5m beneath the original summit level. Following an archaeological assessment, the upper portion of the mound was mechanically removed under archaeological supervision to ensure that no archaeological features had been inserted into it even though it is a natural feature. In spite of its morphology and possible parallels in the near vicinity the moat has been shown to have been a natural feature (Gowen 1995a, 18) and was not included in the statutory list of recorded monuments (RMP 1998). The evidence is not sufficient to warrant accepting this as an archaeological monument.

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Compiled by: Geraldine Stout. Date of upload: 26 August 2011. Date of last visit: 26 May 1993. Source RMP Archives; Healy, P. 1975, Report on Monuments and Sites of Archaeological interest in County Dublin, p. 27; Gowen, M. 1995a Ballycoolen Industrial Park, Blanchardstown. In I. Bennett (ed.), Excavations 1994: summary accounts of archaeological excavations in Ireland, 18. Bray. Wordwell. Distance from 790m site Type of Impact No predicted impact Significance of Imperceptible Impact

RMP No. DU014‐050‐‐‐‐ Site Type Fulacht fia Location GRANGE (Coolock By., Coolock ED) NGR 310034, 241124 Description The investigations in 1988 for Phase 2, north‐eastern Gas Pipeline uncovered a surface scatter of burnt mound material comprising charcoal‐blackened soil and peat‐cracked stone (6m E‐W; 5m N‐S). The remains formed part of a penannular feature with an opening towards the E. A variety of stone types were noted (Gowen 1989, 5). Compiled by: Geraldine Stout. Date of upload: 26 August 2011. Source RMP Archives Distance from 1390m site Type of Impact No predicted impact Significance of Imperceptible Impact

For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

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Appendix 2

Excavations

County: Dublin Site name: Ballycoolen Industrial Park, Blanchardstown Excavations.ie number: 1994:044 Licence number: 94E0130 Author: Margaret Gowen, Rath House, Ferndale Rd, Rathmichael, Co. Dublin. Site type: Mound/ "Moat" ITM: E 709427m, N 740925m Due to the presence of a recorded moat on the site, the planning decision included a condition requiring that it be “..preserved and landscaped..”. The site is listed in the County Development Plan.

The moat was a well‐defined mound, roughly 20‐25m in diameter and over 2m high. It lay along an obvious ridge in the landscape, which while generally fairly flat has occasional hummocks of this type, but not of such height. In the near vicinity of the site there are three such mounds, one of which was excavated by Paddy Healy in the early 1970s, within the Dublin Corporation dump complex at Dunsink; it produced the remains of Food Vessel cist burials and was interpreted as a multiple cist cairn dating to the Bronze Age.

The archaeological assessment was undertaken at first to assess the archaeological potential of the ground surrounding the moat to establish For inspection an area purposes of interestonly. or zone of archaeological potential Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. around it. The investigation involved the inspection of seven 0.8m‐wide mechanically‐excavated slit trenches, four long trenches cut radially around the periphery of the mound and three shorter trenches opened on the mound itself.

Without exception, all trenches revealed a natural soil profile. The mound is a natural one, apparently rising over a cone of rock some 3‐3.5m beneath the original summit level.

County: Dublin Site name: Ballycoolen/Cappoge/Grange Excavations.ie number: 1995:046 Licence number: 95E0253 Author: Deirdre Murphy, Archaeological Consultancy Services, Mespil House, Sussex Road, Dublin 4. Site type: No archaeological significance ITM: E 709727m, N 740825m Archaeological testing by trial‐trenching was carried out on the site of a proposed rock extraction works at Ballycoolen, Dublin, in October 1995. The site is located in an area close to several archaeological sites identified in the SMR for County Dublin.

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Monitoring of topsoil stripping was carried out in five areas in Ballycoolen and Sheephill townlands between 4 and 19 March 2014.

Nothing of archaeological significance was identified during monitoring.

County: Dublin Site name: BLANCHARDSTOWN COLLEGE, BUSINESS AND TECHNOLOGY PARK, BUZZARDSTOWN AND CORDUFF, BLANCHARDSTOWN Excavations.ie number: 1999:165 Licence number: 99E0046 Author: Malachy Conway for Margaret Gowen & Co. Ltd, 2 Killiney View, Albert Road Lower, Glenageary, Co. Dublin. Site type: No archaeological significance ITM: E 707764m, N 738649m An assessment was undertaken at the site of a proposed College, Business and Technology Park at Blanchardstown, Co. Dublin. The site lies between Buzzardstown and Corduff, c. 2km north‐west of For inspection purposes only. Blanchardstown village and 2km northConsent of copyright the N3. owner The required site comprisesfor any other use. fifteen fields and is bounded by the Cruiserath and Ballycoolin roads to the north, a residential housing estate and public park (Lady's Well Park) to the south and Blanchardstown Road North to the east. Four test‐trenches were excavated at areas close to recorded monuments outside the proposed development site. Trenches 1 and 2 were excavated in Field 2 at the south‐west corner of the site, close to Corduff mound (SMR 13:12) and Corduff House (SMR 13:25). Trenches 3 and 4 were excavated in Field 14 along the western edge of the proposed site, close to a church site in Buzzardstown (SMR 13:10) and a holy well site in the vicinity of Lady's Well Park to the south of Field 14.

Trenches 1 (east‐west) and 2 (south‐west/north‐east) were 49m and 66m long respectively. Topsoil on average 0.3m deep was removed to reveal orange/brown clay loam 0.5m deep over grey boulder clay in both trenches. Trenches 3 (south‐west/north‐east) and 4 (north‐west/south‐east) were 69m and 44m long respectively. Removal of topsoil to a depth of 0.3m revealed a sandy clay loam on average 0.3m deep, which overlay gravelly clay subsoil. No deposits, features or finds of archaeological significance were encountered.

County: Dublin Site name: Buzzardstown Excavations.ie number: 2006:571 Licence number: 06E0184 Author: Judith Carroll, Judith Carroll & Co. Ltd, 11 Anglesea Street, Temple Bar, Dublin 2.

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Site type: No archaeological significance. ITM: E 706409m, N 740253m The site was located within the constraint area of DU013–023, Buzzardstown House, in Mulhuddart, Dublin 15. Trial‐testing took place on the site in April 2006 prior to the construction of a new structure for community training to accommodate the Tolka River Project. The construction was a single‐storey community training building and a stoned and blinded carpark. The testing of the site yielded no archaeological features or finds.

County: Dublin Site name: Parslickstown/Coolmine/Buzzardstown Excavations.ie number: 2007:535 Licence number: 07E0848 Author: Aaron Johnston, for Cultural Resource Development Services Ltd, Unit 4A, Dundrum Business Park, Dundrum, Dublin 14. Site type: No archaeological significance ITM: E 706581m, N 740431m A pre‐development test excavation was carried out at Mulhuddart Bridge, in the townlands of Parslickstown, Coolmine and Buzzardstown, within a section of the development corridor for the proposed Blanchardstown regional drainage For inspection scheme, purposes only.on behalf of Fingal County Council. The proposed development corridor extendsConsent of copyrightalong the owner River required Tolka for any and other theuse. Royal Canal, crossing through the townlands of Parslickstown, Coolmine, Buzzardstown, Corduff, Deanestown, Blanchardstown, Castleknock and Ashtown. At the time of writing the exact route of the pipeline within the development corridor had not been confirmed, pending planning permission. It is estimated that the proposed pipe trench will measure between 2.5m and 4m in width and require an associated machine wayleave of up to 20m in width during its construction phase. The assessment report identified the immediate environs of Mulhuddart Bridge, and the area immediately to the west of the bridge, as possessing significant archaeological potential, based on an examination of cartographic sources and documentary research. The assessment noted that a bridge has been located in Mulhuddart parish from at least the 16th century and that the junction of townland and civil parish boundaries at the site of the existing bridge suggest it might occupy the site of the original medieval bridge. The assessment also identified a number of documentary references to a mill in Parslickstown townland from the 16th century onwards and reproduced a map of 1762 depicting a mill a short distance north‐west of Mulhuddart Bridge. Pre‐development testing was carried out on 17–19 September 2007. The trial‐trenches were sited adjacent to the existing bridge and across an extensive area of the proposed pipeline corridor to the west in an attempt to identify any remains associated with either the medieval bridge or the mill identified in early modern sources. Licensed metal detection of spoil generated during excavation was undertaken (Licence 07R153, 07R155). No archaeological remains were exposed and no significant finds were recovered. Testing confirmed that the areas to the west of Mulhuddart Bridge

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EPA Export 21-06-2017:03:25:08 CRDS/FO’C/BM/ANC Archaeological Monitoring Report 1176 had been subject to extensive recent disturbance; the presence of any surviving remains associated with the mill within this section of the pipeline corridor was discounted. Testing adjacent to the bridge was restricted by the presence of overhead power cables and a concern to avoid any impacts on the stability of the existing structure. A wade survey of the Tolka River underneath and in the vicinity of the bridge was cancelled after a health and safety assessment identified the area as having a significant risk of biohazards, which would have posed a threat to the health of the people involved. It is still possible that remains associated with the 16th‐century bridge may lie under or immediately adjacent to the existing bridge. It was recommended that any works carried out in the immediate vicinity of Mulhuddart Bridge be monitored.

Two areas of archaeological potential were identified in earlier testing, carried out by Fintan Walsh (14E0141). These areas were excavated within the south‐west corner of the development area. The three spreads recorded in Area 1 were identified as non‐archaeological in origin.

A single pit was recorded in Area 2 which contained a small quantity of charcoal, seed and burnt bone. It was not possible to determine if the bone was animal or human due to the condition and size of the fragments. Analysis of the seed and charcoal indicated cereal‐drying activity was ongoing in the vicinity however no in situ burning was recorded. The pit, which appeared to contain domestic refuse, has been dated to the early medieval period.

County: Dublin For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Site name: CORDUFF COMMUNITY CAMPUS, CORDUFF PARK, BLANCHARDSTOWN Excavations.ie number: 2005:392 Licence number: 05E0360 Author: Judith Carroll, Judith Carroll & Company Ltd, 11 Anglesea Street, Temple Bar, Dublin 2. Site type: Post‐medieval ITM: E 707639m, N 740043m Test‐trenching and subsequent monitoring took place at Corduff Park. The site was the former demesne of Corduff House, which was proposed for development by Fingal County Council as a new multi‐purpose sports hall with a large area of carparks and a new access road. The demesne had already been extensively developed with modern housing estates and there were already existing community facilities on it. The site of the development was located on or very close to SMR 13:25, a dwelling. The RMP files indicate that what is being referred to is the large house and gardens which figured on the Down Survey maps of c. 1655, in the Corduff Demesne. Its exact position in the estate is not clear, but it is suggested in the files that it may be on the site of, or incorporated into, the demesne house which was there. The demesne has a long history. The de la Felde family resided there from the 13th to the end of the 16th century. It then became the home of the Warren family, who lived there for the next two hundred years. Corduff House itself is remembered by locals as recently as 1981, when it was burned down.

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Trial‐trenching took place during the week of 5 April 2005. This revealed the foundations of Corduff House and a pond which was directly north of it. No other features or finds of archaeological significance came to light. Monitoring during development and recording of the remains of the house was recommended. This took place between 16 May and 19 June.

County: Dublin Site name: Parslickstown/Coolmine/Corduff/Deanestown/Blanchardstown/Castleknock/Ashtown Excavations.ie number: 2008:482 Licence number: 08E0146 Author: Mandy Stephens, CRDS Ltd, Greenanstown, Stamullan, Co. Meath. Site type: No archaeological significance ITM: E 709233m, N 737197m Monitoring of geotechnical trial pits and boreholes took place in advance of the proposed Blanchardstown Regional Drainage Scheme in the Blanchardstown/Castleknock Area of north County Dublin. The proposed development corridor extends along the River Tolka and the Royal Canal, crossing through the townlands of Parslickstown, Coolmine, Corduff, Deanestown, Blanchardstown, Castleknock and Ashtown. The proposed pipe trench will measure between 2.5m and 15m in width and require an associated wayleave of up to 25m in width during its construction phase. Nothing of archaeological significance was identified in the course of monitoring of geotechnical test‐pits and boreholes along the route of the proposed development.

County: Dublin Site name: CORDUFF PARK Excavations.ie number: 2009:302 Licence number: 05E0360 Author: Judith Carroll, Judith Carroll & Company Ltd, 11 Anglesea Street, Temple Bar, Dublin 2. Site type: Post‐medieval ITM: E 707813m, N 739809m Monitoring and excavation were carried out between August and December 2009 in advance of the construction of a childcare centre on the grounds of Corduff Park, Blanchardstown, Dublin 15, for Corduff Childcare Services Ltd. The site is located to the north‐east of Blanchardstown, Dublin 15. It is on the former Corduff estate, the grounds and demesne lands of Corduff House. The location of

Corduff House was on the highest point Forin theinspection immediate purposes only. area at 64.325 OD. Previously, in 2005, monitoring Consentand excavationof copyright owner were required undertaken for any other use. under the same licence (and managed by this company), which uncovered part of the remains of Corduff House (Excavations 2005, No. 392). Further remains of Corduff House were uncovered during this phase of excavation, as well as a limekiln and earlier contexts. The site of the development is located in the vicinity of DU013–025, a dwelling. The RMP files refer to the large house and gardens figured on the Down Survey maps of c. 1655, in the Corduff Demesne. The exact position of the 17th‐century house in the estate is not clear, but it is suggested in the files that it may be on the site of, or incorporated into, the demesne house which existed there. Rocque’s map shows the demesne in 1760, but does not further clarify the position of the major house. The position of Corduff House in the early 19th century is recorded on the first‐edition OS map and again in the early 20th century on the 1910 OS map. From this series of maps it would appear that the precise location of Corduff House within Corduff Demesne has changed considerably over time. The barony of Castleknock was granted to Hugh Tyrrell by Hugh de Lacy, who came to Ireland in 1171. The Tyrrell family appears to have prospered on the lands throughout the 13th century. During this time a number of families were established on the Castleknock lands, either by grant from the crown or from the Tyrrells. To the north‐west, at Corduff, was the family of de la Felde and, at Abbotstown and Blanchardstown, the families of Abbot and Blanchard, from whom these areas derived their names (Ball 1920, 8–11). At the close of the 14th century the de la Feldes were still found at Corduff (ibid., 15). Though there were great changes in the lands forming the barony of Castleknock in the following centuries, as described by Ball, the de la Feldes were still at Corduff at

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EPA Export 21-06-2017:03:25:08 CRDS/FO’C/BM/ANC Archaeological Monitoring Report 1176 the end of the 16th century: ^In the last decade of that century [they] sent a mounted archer from it to a hosting at Tara’ (ibid., 17). Early in the 17th century, Corduff become the residence of the Warren family, who lived there for the next two hundred years. During excavation and monitoring, portions of Corduff House were uncovered. Further excavation of the underlying ground levels revealed the presence of earlier archaeological deposits. A stone‐ walled structure below the Corduff House was uncovered. This structure truncated an earlier field boundary/ditch, which was one of the earliest archaeological features visible in the levels of the site. To the south‐east of Corduff House a limekiln was uncovered, one of the flues of which lay underneath Corduff House at its eastern corner Reference Ball, F.E. 1920 A history of the County Dublin. Vol. 6.

County: Dublin Site name: Deanestown and Corduff Excavations.ie number: 2013:220 Licence number: 13E0134 Author: Tim Coughlan Site type: Burnt mound activity ITM: E 708634m, N 739981m Testing was undertaken at Deanestown and Corduff, Co. Dublin for the National Sports Campus Development Agency in advance of the development of GAA pitches.

Testing followed on from a geophysical survey undertaken in 2012 by Minerex Geophysics Ltd (Krahn, 2012; Licence 12R111).

County: Dublin Site name: ASTAGOB (CASTLEKNOCK BY, CASTLEKNOCK ED)/CAPPAGH/CAPPOGE/CLONBURRIS GREAT/COOLMINE (CASTLEKNOCK BY)/CORDUFF (CASTLEKNOCK BY.)/DARDISTOWN/IRISHTOWN (CASTLEKNOCK BY.)/MERRYFALLS/RONANSTO For inspectionWN/SILLOGE/SNUGBOROUGH purposes only. (CASTLEKNOCK BY.) Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Excavations.ie number: 2011:176 Licence number: 10E0410 Author: Kara Ward Site type: Monitoring ITM: E 706763m, N 735822m Monitoring of preliminary ground investigations was undertaken for the route of Metro West, a twin‐track light rail system which will serve a c. 25km corridor from the junction of Belgard Road/Old Blessington Road in Tallaght to Dardistown. It will link Tallaght, Clondalkin, Liffey Valley and Blanchardstown and will provide a fast commuter service to the city centre, Swords and the airport via Metro North. Geotechnical investigations were required in order to provide factual data for use in the design and construction of Metro West. It was proposed to undertake cable percussion and rotary cored boreholes, together with trial pits, to determine the nature and thickness of the underlying soils, and also to ascertain the level and nature of the underlying rock as well as infiltration rates. Monitoring of boreholes and trial pits was carried out in those areas deemed to be within or adjacent to the zones of archaeological potential for a number of sites, including DU017‐005 (ringfort, unclassified), DU014‐027 (castle–tower‐house), DU014‐021 (field system, possible) and DU013‐019 (church and graveyard, National Monument). In addition, a number of boreholes/trial pits were within or adjacent to a number of areas of archaeological potential as identified by the Metro West Environmental Impact Statement (EIS).

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The locations of these works were geographically dispersed along the proposed route and within the townlands of Astagob (Castleknock By, Castleknock ED), Cappagh, Cappoge, Clonburris Great, Coolmine (Castleknock By), Corduff (Castleknock By), Dardistown, Irishtown (Castleknock By), Merryfalls, Ronanstown, Silloge and Snugborough (Castleknock By). The excavations of a total of twelve trial pits and thirteen boreholes were subject to monitoring along the route of Metro West. A further ten trial pits, five boreholes and five infiltration test pits were monitored at the location of the Metro North depot in Dardistown. Nothing of apparent archaeological significance was located in any of the pits or boreholes.

County: Dublin Site name: Blanchardstown IDA Business and Technology Park, Snugborough Excavations.ie number: 2013:041 Licence number: 13E348 Author: Antoine Giacometti Site type: No archaeological significance ITM: E 708825m, N 740459m A programme of monitoring was undertaken at the Hexagon Buildings, Blanchardstown Industrial Estate, Snugborough Road, Blanchardstown (Snugborough townland), Dublin 15, in September and October 2013. A mound (DU013‐014) located 300m west of the site may be the remains of a later prehistoric burial mound or possibly an estate feature. The absence of cartographic depictions of such a substantial feature may also suggest an even more modern origin.

Monitoring took place of topsoil stripping in a green field prior to the construction of a warehouse. Topsoil was extremely shallow (5‐200mm) suggesting the site had been previously stripped of topsoil sometime in the recent past, probably during the landscaping of the IDA Park, and a small mound in the north‐west of the site turned out to be modern in origin. The underlying subsoil was mostly undisturbed except for some areas of modern building disturbance from the last fifty years, and a large area of scorched natural subsoil and charcoal‐rich cut features in the centre of the site resulting from the burning of a 19th‐century field boundary hedge which was identified on the 1840s OS map. A 2m wide east‐west‐running truncated drain or ditch surviving to a depth of 0.15m was identified at the eastern edge of the building footprint, filled with dark bluish‐brown clayish‐silt. This th th contained 19 ‐ and 20 ‐century material For inspectionand is likelypurposes to only. be an in‐filled field boundary or drainage Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. feature, however it does not correlate with cartographic sources. No archaeological material was identified within the building footprint.

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EPA Export 21-06-2017:03:25:08 CRDS/FO’C/BM/ANC Archaeological Monitoring Report 1176 in the vicinity however no in situ burning was recorded. The pit, which appeared to contain domestic refuse, has been dated to the early medieval period.

For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

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EPA Export 21-06-2017:03:25:08 DU013-007 EPA Export 21-06-2017:03:25:08 DU013-008

DU014-014

DU015-050

DU014-025

DU013-023 DU013-014

DU013-012

DU013-025

Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. other any for required owner copyright of Consent

DU013-015 only. purposes inspection For DU013-147

DU013-016

Date: July 2015 Client: Ipsen Drawn by: AnC

2 Grosvenor Terrace, Monkstown, Co. Dublin. Tel: +353 1 2968190 0 1km Fax: +353 1 2968195 email: [email protected]

Figure 2: Recorded archaeological monuments within c. 1.5km of the proposed development (source www.archaeology.ie).

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Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. other any for required owner copyright of Consent For inspection purposes only. purposes inspection For

Date: July 2015 Client: Ipsen Drawn by: AnC

2 Grosvenor Terrace, Monkstown, Co. Dublin. Tel: +353 1 2968190 250m Fax: +353 1 2968195 0 email: [email protected]

Figure 3: Extract from Ordnance Survey 1st edition map showing site of proposed development (source www.osi.ie).

Plate 1: Building 4 ‐ View from spoil bunded spoil on eastern edge of works area (facing west).

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Plate 2: Building 4 ‐ Enabling works, ground preparation (facing east).

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Plate 3: Building 4 ‐ excavation of foundation pad locations

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Plate 4: Building 4 ‐ Excavation exposing shale bedrock (facing west)

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Plate 5: Building 4 ‐ Deep excavation at south end of site (facing south)

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Plate 6: Filtration and attenuation area ‐ exploratory excavation adjacent to manhole (facing west)

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Plate 7: Filtration and attenuation area ‐ Landscaped spoil bund on northern edge of works area – pre‐excavation (facing east)

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Plate 8: Filtration and attenuation area ‐ Landscaped spoil bund on northern edge of works area – mid‐excavation (facing east)

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Plate 9: Filtration and attenuation area ‐ Landscaped spoil bund on northern edge of works area – mid‐excavation (facing east)

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Plate 10: Filtration and attenuation area ‐ Landscaped spoil bund on northern edge of works area – mid‐excavation (facing north‐east)

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Plate 11: Filtration and attenuation area ‐ Test Pit 1 (facing east)

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Plate 12: Filtration and attenuation area ‐ Test Pit 2 (facing east)

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Plate 13: Filtration and attenuation area ‐ Test Pit 3 (facing north).

For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

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10.0 NOISE AND VIBRATION

10.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter of the EIAR assesses the likely noise and vibration impacts associated with the proposed installation of the process vent abatement system as described in Chapter 3. The proposed development will be located at the existing IMIL facility at IDA Industrial Park, Snugborough Road, Blanchardstown, Dublin 15.

There are two distinct stages of the development; the short-term construction phase and the long term operational phase. This chapter assesses the likely noise and vibration impacts during of these two distinct stages.

This chapter of the EIAR should be read in conjunction with Chapter 3 Description of the Proposed Development.

10.2 METHODOLOGY

The study has been undertaken using the following methodology:

• Review of relevant guidance to identify appropriate noise criteria for the development;

• Predict the level of noise and vibration emissions at the nearest noise sensitive locations for both construction and operational phases;

• Assess the impact by comparing the calculated levels against the adopted criteria;

• Where necessary, specify ameliorative, remedial or reductive measures to control emissions to be within the adopted criteria, and;

For inspection purposes only. • Present the predictedConsent of copyright impact owner required of thefor any proposedother use. development including the ameliorative, remedial or reductive measures.

The assessment of potential impacts presented in this chapter considers the relevant aspects of the Environmental Protection Agency’s Draft Revised Guidelines on information to be contained in Environmental Impact Statements (September 2015) and Draft Advice Notes on Current Practice in the Preparation of Environmental Impact Statements (September 2015).

10.3 RECEIVING ENVIRONMENT

The IMIL facility is located within the IDA industrial park located in Blanchardstown, Dublin 15. The site is bounded to the north by the Ballycoolin Road and residential developments beyond, to the south and west by industrial developments, and to the east of the site by residential dwellings.

The nearest noise sensitive properties are those located to the east of the site approximately 40 metres from the site boundary and the dwellings located to the north of the site, approximately 50 metres from the site boundary.

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10.3.1 Existing Noise Environment

In order to define appropriate noise criteria for the site, a detailed review of baseline environmental noise surveys reported in the EIS that was recently prepared for the Building 4 project at the IMIL site in 2015 (planning reference FW15A/0115). The construction of the Building 4 project is complete and the facility is expected to be operational in 2017.

10.3.1.1 Existing Background Noise levels

Figure 10.1 identifies the noise sensitive locations (NSL) considered in this assessment. The background noise levels for each location are presented and discussed in turn in the following section.

Appendix 10.1 of this document presents an overview of the fundamentals of acoustics to assist in understanding of this part of the EIAR.

NSL 1

Refers to the cottages located approximately 40m to the east of the site boundary. Measurements were conducted in the field to the south of the dwellings. The survey results for NSL 1 are summarised in Table 10.1 below.

Measured Noise Levels (dB re. 2x10-5 Pa) Period Time LAeq LAFmax LAFmin LAF90 15:15 – 15:30 52 69 48 50 Day 16:32 – 16:47 54 67 49 51 17:57 – 18:12 54 69 49 51 Evening 21:38 – 21:53 51 62 48 50 23:07 – 23:22 51 63 48 50 Night 00:29 – 00:39 50 56 48 49 Table 10.1 Summary of For Measured inspection purposes Noise only. Levels at NSL1 Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

The main noise sources reported during the daytime periods were plant noise from an industrial facility located approximately 200m to the southeast and road traffic noise from the Ballycoolin road.

During the evening time, the main sources of noise reported was plant noise from the industrial facility located to the southwest, occasional road traffic on the Ballycoolin road and aircraft departing from Dublin Airport. Noise from the IMIL facility was reported to be just audible.

The dominant noise source reported during the night-time was plant noise from the industrial facility to the southeast with plant noise from the IMIL facility just audible.

NSL 2

Refers to the housing scheme located approximately 50m north of the site boundary on the Ballycoolin road. Measurements were conducted in the field directly behind these dwellings. The survey results for NSL 2 are summarised in Table 10.2 below.

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Measured Noise Levels (dB re. 2x10-5 Pa) Period Time LAeq LAFmax LAFmin LAF90 13:14 – 13:29 47 60 41 44 Day 14:29 – 14:44 54 66 46 49 15:42 – 15:57 53 62 47 50 Evening 21:56 – 22:11 52 59 46 49 23:24 – 23:39 49 56 43 45 Night 00:11 – 00:26 48 61 43 44 Table 10.2 Summary of Measured Noise Levels at NSL2

The main noise sources reported during daytime periods were road traffic movements along the R121 and Ballycoolin Road. Noise from factory processes at an industrial facility to the east in the Ballycoolin Industrial Estate were reported to be audible on occasion.

During evening and night time periods the main sources of noise reported in the area were road traffic movements along the R121, Ballycoolin Road and distant traffic noise.

It was reported that at no point during the survey periods at this location was noise from the IMIL facility audible.

10.3.1.2 Compliance Noise Monitoring 2016

Compliance noise monitoring for the facilities IED licence was undertaken at the site in July 2016. The monitoring was carried out by Wright Environmental Ltd. a total of four boundary locations were monitored as part of the survey. Full survey methodologies and details are set out in the noise monitoring report issued by Wright Environmental (Report Ref.:1558).

This noise monitoring report concluded that IMIL is operating in compliance with their boundary noise criteria as For detailedinspection purposes in Condition only. 8 of their IPC1 Licence (Reg No. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. P0117-01). Please refer to Section 10.5.1.2 below for operational criteria.

10.4 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT

The proposed development involves the installation of a new process vent abatement system at their existing facility in Blanchardstown Industrial Estate, Snugborough Road, Dublin 15.

The proposed development will primarily involve the installation of a new process vent abatement system to be located to the south of Building 4. This will require construction of an additional hardstanding area to the south of building 4 for the process vent abatement infrastructure. For a full description of the proposed development; see Chapter 3 Description of the Proposed Development.

Operational noise sources will consist mainly of mechanical plant items utilised in the process vent abatement system. It is expected that the system will operate continuously 24/7.

1 IPC Licence was subsequently amended to an IED Licence by the EPA. It should be noted that the conditions in relation to noise emissions from the site remined unchanged. ______

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When considering a development of this nature, the potential noise & vibration impact on the surroundings must be considered for each of two distinct stages:

• temporary construction phase, and; • long term operational phase.

The construction phase will be of short term duration. Significant impacts are not anticipated during the construction phase, as the scale of the construction is relatively small. Nevertheless, the potential impacts have been addressed in the relevant sections of this chapter.

The primary sources of outward noise in the operational context are deemed to be long term in nature and will involve the operation of various plant items associated with the proposed development. The operation of this new development has the potential to add to existing noise emissions from the IMIL facility.

It is anticipated that there will be no additional staff required as part of the operation of the new process vent abatement system and therefore, there are no impacts expected from additional vehicular traffic on public roads

10.5 POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT

10.5.1 Applicable Criteria

10.5.1.1 Construction Phase – Noise Criteria

There is no published statutory Irish guidance relating to the maximum permissible noise and vibration level that may be generated during the construction phase of a project. Local authorities normally control construction activities by imposing limits on the hours of operation and consider noise and vibration limits at their discretion. However, there are several publications commonly used in Ireland to set appropriate construction criteria. For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Transport Infrastructure Ireland (TII) publication Guidelines for the Treatment of Noise and Vibration in National Road Schemes contains information on the permissible construction noise levels for various hours of operation. The noise level limits are outlined in Table 10.3.

Noise Levels (dB re. 2x10-5 Pa) Date LAeq(1hr) LAmax Monday to Friday 07:00 to 19:00hrs 70 80 Monday to Friday 19:00 to 22:00hrs 60* 65* Saturdays 08:00 to 16:30hrs 65 75 Sundays & Bank Holidays 08:00 to 16:30hrs 60* 65* Table 10.3 Maximum permissible noise levels at the facade of dwellings during construction

Note * Construction activity at these times, other than that required for emergency works, will normally require the explicit permission of the relevant local authority.

Potential noise impacts during the construction phase of a project are often assessed in accordance with British Standard BS 5228-1:2009+A1:2014 Code of practice for noise and vibration control on construction and open sites – Noise. This British

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Standard sets out a methodology for predicting noise levels arising from a wide variety of construction and related activities and contains tables of sound power levels generated by a wide variety of mobile and fixed plant equipment.

Noise levels generated by the site operations and experienced at local receptors will depend upon several variables, the most significant of which are:

• the amount of noise generated by plant and equipment being used at the development site, generally expressed as a sound power level; • the periods of operation of the plant at the development site, known as the “on- time”; • the distance between the noise source and the receptor, known as the “stand- off”; • the attenuation due to ground absorption or barrier screening effects, and; • reflections of noise due to the presence of hard vertical faces such as walls.

BS5228-1 gives several examples of acceptable limits for construction or demolition noise, the most simplistic being based upon the exceedance of fixed noise limits. For example, paragraph E.2 states:

“Noise from construction and demolition sites should not exceed the level at which conversation in the nearest building would be difficult with the windows shut.”

Paragraph E.2 goes on to state:

“Noise levels, between say 07.00 and 19.00 hours, outside the nearest window of the occupied room closest to the site boundary should not exceed:

70 decibels (dBA) in rural, suburban areas away from main road traffic and industrial noise;

75 decibels (dBA) in urban areas near main roads in heavy industrial areas”.

For residential properties, Forit inspectionis considered purposes only. appropriate to adopt the 70dB(A) criterion for daytime periods. ThisConsent isof copyrightalso in owner agreement required for any with other use. the TII guidelines noted above.

10.5.1.2 Operational Phase – Noise Criteria

The IMIL facility is currently licenced by the EPA under an existing Industrial Emissions licence (Licence Register No.: P0117-01). Condition 8 of the licence relates to Noise and states the following:

8.1 Activities on-site shall not give rise to noise levels at the site boundary, which exceed the following sound pressure Limits (Leq, 15min):

8.1.1 Day: 55dB(A)

8.1.2 Night: 45dB(A)

8.2 There shall be no clearly tonal component or impulsive component in the noise emission from the activity at the site boundary.

In the case of this licence, daytime refers to the time between 08:00 and 22:00hrs and night-time between 22:00 and 08:00hrs.

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10.5.1.3 Assessment of Noise Impacts

As discussed in section 10.5.1.2, operational noise emission limits are stipulated in the facilities Industrial Emissions Licence and relate to the site boundary, hence no limits apply to the nearest noise sensitive locations. In addition, noise levels measured at the two closest noise sensitive locations were influenced by sources external to the IMIL facility, notably from road traffic and other adjacent industrial facilities, hence it is not considered appropriate to compare baseline noise levels against the facilities operational noise limits. To quantify the potential impact of the proposed development on the surrounding noise sensitive locations, it is proposed to assess the significance of the impact by determining the potential increase above the existing baseline noise environment and nearest noise sensitive locations to the site and through the use of professional judgment.

The relationship between the magnitude of increase in noise level and typical perceived impact is shown in Table 10.4. It shows that small changes in noise levels are not normally noticeable, whereas an increase of 10dB would be described as a doubling of loudness. In summary, the assessment looks at the impact with and without development at the nearest noise sensitive locations.

Change in Sound Level EPA Glossary of Subjective Reaction Magnitude of Impact (dB) Impacts2 0 None No Change No Change 0.1 – 2.9 Imperceptible Negligible Imperceptible Impact 3 – 4.9 Perceptible Minor Slight Impact Up to a doubling of 5 – 9.9 Moderate Moderate Impact loudness Over a doubling of 10 – 14.9 Major Significant Impact loudness Over a doubling of >15 Profound Profound Impact loudness Table 10.4 Significance in Change of Noise Level

For inspection purposes only. 10.5.1.4 ConstructionConsent Phase of copyright – Vibration owner required Criteriafor any other use.

Vibration standards come in two varieties: those dealing with human comfort and those dealing with cosmetic or structural damage to buildings. In both instances, it is appropriate to consider the magnitude of vibration in terms of Peak Particle Velocity (PPV).

Humans are particularly sensitive to vibration stimuli and that any perception of vibration may lead to concern. In the case of road traffic, vibration is perceptible at around 0.5mm/s and may become disturbing or annoying at higher magnitudes. However, higher levels of vibration are typically tolerated for single events or events of short duration. For example, rock breaking and piling, two of the primary sources of vibration during construction, are typically tolerated at vibration levels up to 12mm/s and 5mm/s respectively. This guidance is applicable to the daytime only; it is unreasonable to expect people to be tolerant of such activities during the night.

Guidance relevant to acceptable vibration within buildings is contained in the following documents:

2 Environmental Protection Agency – Draft Revised Guidelines on the information to be contained in Environmental Impact Statements, 2015. ______

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• British Standard BS 7385: 1993: Evaluation and measurement for vibration in buildings Part 2: Guide to damage levels from ground borne vibration, and; • British Standard BS 5228: 2009+A1 2014: Code of practice for noise and vibration control on construction and open sites – Part 2: Vibration.

Both standards contain the same guidance relating to building damage criteria. The standards note that the risk of cosmetic damage to residential buildings starts at a Peak Particle Velocity (PPV) of 15mm/s at 4Hz rising to 20mm/s at 15Hz and 50mm/s at 40Hz and above for unreinforced or light framed structures. The standard also notes that below 12.5mm/s PPV the risk of damage tends to zero.

Taking the above into consideration the vibration criteria in Table 10.5 are recommended.

Allowable vibration (in terms of peak particle velocity) at the closest part of sensitive property to the source of vibration, at a frequency of Less than 4Hz 15 to 40Hz 40Hz and above 12 mm/s 20 mm/s 50 mm/s Table 10.5 Allowable Vibration during Construction Phase

10.5.1.5 Operational Phase – Vibration Criteria

The existing IE licence for the IMIL facility does not set any emission limits values relating to vibration. There are no sources of vibration associated with the existing facility which give rise to any appreciable levels of vibration to the surrounding environment. There are no vibration sources associated with the proposed building and hence no changes to existing vibration will occur.

In light of the above, no vibration limits are deemed necessary for the existing or updated IMIL facility.

10.5.2 Construction Phase

For inspection purposes only. The construction phaseConsent of of the copyright facility owner requiredwill comprise for any other use. four main stages, namely;

• site preparation works; • external structure construction; • equipment installation; • mechanical and electrical completion.

The construction phase is expected to occur over a period of approximately 6 months with a total peak construction population on site of less than 20 staff.

Due to the nature of the expected activities on the site and the distances to the nearest noise sensitive locations the potential for significant impacts from noise during construction are considered low.

With respect to the potential vibration impacts, there are no significant sources of vibration expected during construction and furthermore, the distance between construction activities and the nearest noise sensitive locations are such that any vibration transmission would be both imperceptible and well below recommended guideline criteria.

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While it is not possible at this stage to calculate the actual magnitude of construction phase noise emissions to the local environment, it is possible to predict typical noise levels using guidance set out in BS 5228-1: 2009+A1 2014. Table 10.6 outlines typical plant items and associated noise levels that are anticipated at the nearest noise sensitive location for the various phases of the construction programme.

Assuming construction activities at a distance of 160m from the nearest noise sensitive location (NSL1), prediction calculations have been prepared for this scenario. Predictions are based on the utilisation of plant for a minimum of 66% of a working day (i.e. 8hrs out of a 12hr day).

It is anticipated that the majority of construction works will be completed during normal construction hours i.e. 7am to 7pm Monday to Friday with a half day working on Saturday (8am -1pm). However, it is possible that the contractor may wish to carry out certain operations outside these hours i.e. evening hours during long summer days etc. Such occurrences will be notified to the local authority and generally kept to a minimum. Where they do occur, contractors will ensure they take place over as short a timeframe as possible and as such are unlikely to cause excessive disturbance.

Table 10.6 summarises the construction noise calculations based on the assumptions set out above.

Predicted Construction Plant Noise Level at Plant Item Noise Level Typical Phase 10m Distance3 (BS 5228 Ref.) at NSL 14 (dB LAeq) (dB LAeq,1hr) Concrete Mixer Truck 80 (C4.20) Telescopic Handler 71 (C2.35) Site Preparation Hand-held pneumatic 83 57 Works breaker (C2.6) Lorry 80 (C2.34) Poker For inspection Vibrator purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.78 (C4.33) Wheeled Mobile Crane 78 (C4.38) external structure Diesel Scissor Lift 78 58 construction (C4.58) Hydraulic Hammer 87 (C4.92) Compressor 77 (D7 6) Diesel Hoist 76 (C7.98) mechanical and Articulated lorry electrical 77 54 (C11.10) completion Pneumatic Circular Saw 75 (D7.79) Generator 74 (C4.84) Table 10.6 Construction Noise Calculations at the Nearest NSL (NSL1)

3 All plant noise levels are derived from BS 5228: Part 1 4 Assumes the methods for noise reduction outlined in Annex F of BS5228: Part 1 ______

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The assessment demonstrates that the noise levels from typical construction activities at the nearest noise sensitive locations should be well below the recommended construction noise limits of 70dB LAeq,1hr for daytime periods.

During the construction phase, some slight adverse effects are likely to occur, these effects will be temporary.

10.5.3 Operational Phase

10.5.3.1 Noise Impacts

There are several plant items associated with the operation of the proposed process vent abatement system. Most of the associated plant items will generate noise to some degree. However, during normal operation, the system will be fully enclosed within ventilated plant enclosures and therefore noise breakout will be minimal. It has been assumed for this assessment that plant items will operate 24 hours a day.

Acoustic enclosures and silencers will be utilised where appropriate on any new items of plant to ensure that the noise emissions will not exceed the operational noise limits stipulated in the facilities EPA licence, or result in a significant increase in noise emissions at the nearest noise sensitive locations.

The following assessment is based upon the preliminary information received and will be updated when the final plant selections are completed.

A list of all significant noise producing plant items associated with the proposed development has been provided by DPS Engineering Ltd. For plant items located internally noise breakout is not considered to be significant, except where they are vented through louvres. A total of 8 No. louvres has been assumed on the northern and eastern facades of the plant enclosure (i.e. emitting in the direction of the nearest noise sensitive receivers) and this has been considered in the calculations. It is anticipated that noise attenuation measures (e.g. acoustic enclosures, louvres and silencers etc.) shall be incorporated For inspection purposes at only. the detailed design stage to limits noise Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. emissions from specific plans items to 75dB(A) at 1m.

The list of significant noise emitting plant items associated with the proposed development is summarised in Table 10.7.

Sound Pressure Level Item Location at Ref Distance Ref Distance (m) (dB LAeq) Scrubber External Nitrogen Vent External 755 1 Louvres External (Façade) Roots Blower Fan Internal n/a Chiller Internal n/a Diaphragm Pumps Internal n/a Table 10.7 Plant Items and Associated Sound Pressure Levels

In order to assess the potential noise impact of these plant items, a 3D prediction noise model has been generated using proprietary noise calculation software to determine the noise emissions from all new plant associate with the proposed

5 Appendix 10.2 presents details of the assumed frequency (Hz) spectrum for each of the sources ______

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development. Noise levels have been predicted at noise sensitive locations, NSL1 and NSL2.

Proprietary noise calculation package Brüel & Kjær Predictor Type 7810 has been used to develop the model and calculations are based on ISO 9613: 1996: Acoustics – Attenuation of sound outdoors – Part 2: General method of calculation. This method has the scope to consider a range of factors affecting sound propagation, including: • the magnitude of the noise source in terms of sound power; • the distance between the source and receiver; • the presence of obstacles such as screens or barriers in the propagation path; • the presence of reflecting surfaces; • the hardness of the ground between the source and receiver; • attenuation due to atmospheric absorption, and; • meteorological effects such as wind gradient, temperature gradient, humidity (these can have significant impact at distances greater than approximately 400m).

Appendix 10.2 presents further details of the noise prediction model, inputs, calculation settings and assumptions.

The attenuation that would be provided by earth berms located around the site has not been considered in the calculations in order to present a worst-case assessment. The results of the prediction model are summarised in Table 10.8

Predicted Noise Level from proposed NSL Development (dB LAeq,T) NSL1 37 NSL2 15 Table 10.8 Predicted Operational Noise Levels at Noise Sensitive Locations

As demonstrated by the assessment above the predicted development noise

emissions are significantly For lower inspection than purposes the only. ambient noise levels measured at each of the noise sensitive locationsConsent of copyright for the owner day, required evening for any other and use. nigh time periods.

Consideration of Committed Development (Building B4)

Construction of the new B4 Building has recently been completed and is expected to become operational in 2017. To account for the potential cumulative noise emissions once the B4 building becomes operational, reference is made to the predicted noise emissions published in the submitted EIS for B4 facility.

The predicted worst-case noise emission from the operation of Building B4 are presented in Table 10.9. Table 10.9 presents the predicted changes in noise level associated with the committed development at the nearest noise sensitive locations during night time periods i.e. when any potential impacts will be greatest.

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Predicted Existing Cumulative Change in dB LAeq,T from Background EPA Glossary of NSL Noise Level Noise Level Operation of Level (night Impacts6 (dB(A)) (dB) B4 time) dB LA90,T Imperceptible NSL1 40 49 49.5 +0.5 Impact Imperceptible NSL2 37 44 44.8 +0.8 Impact Table 10.9 Predicted Impacts from Committed development (2017)

The predicted noise emissions have been assessed against the existing background noise levels (LA90,T) at the noise sensitive locations as this represents a worst-case assessment of potential impacts.

Review of the predicted increases in noise levels following the operation of Building B4 concluded that the predicted impacts are ‘imperceptible’. In summary, the existing soundscapes that were encountered at the nearest noise sensitive locations are predicted to remain unchanged with the development of this facility.

Table 10.10 assesses the impact of the operation of the proposed development and the committed development at the nearest noise sensitive locations.

Existing Predicted Predicted Cumulative Change in Background dB LAeq,T dB LAeq,T from Noise Noise EPA Glossary NSL Level (night from Proposed Level Level of Impacts time) dB Committed Development (dB(A)) (dB) LA90,T Imperceptible NSL1 49 40 37 49.8 +0.8 Impact Imperceptible NSL2 44 37 15 44.8 +0.8 Impact Table 10.10 Predicted Impacts from Committed and Proposed Development at IMIL

Again, the predicted noise emissions have been assessed against the existing background noise level s (L ForA90 inspection,T) at purposesthe noise only. sensitive locations as this represents a Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. worst-case assessment of potential impacts. The assessment demonstrates that following the operation of both the proposed and committed development at IMIL the long-term effects will be neutral and imperceptible.

10.5.3.2 Vibration Impacts

The proposed development will not give rise to any significant levels of vibration off site and therefore the associated impact is not significant.

10.6 REMEDIAL AND MITIGATION MEASURES

In order to sufficiently ameliorate the potential noise impact from this site, a schedule of control measures has been formulated.

10.6.1 Construction Phase

The impact assessment has found that predicted levels of construction noise at nearby noise sensitive locations is likely to be well below the proposed criterion

6 Environmental Protection Agency – Draft Revised Guidelines on the information to be contained in Environmental Impact Statements, 2015. ______

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levels. However, mitigation measures are recommended as a precautionary approach to minimise any potential nuisance. Reference is made to BS5228, which offers detailed guidance on the control of noise and vibration from demolition and construction activities. Various mitigation measures should be considered and applied during the construction phase and specific examples of such measures are:

• Limit the hours during which site activities likely to create high levels of noise or vibration are permitted; • Establishing channels of communication between the contractor/developer, Local Authority and residents; • Appointing a site representative responsible for matters relating to noise and vibration; and • Monitoring levels of noise and/or vibration during critical periods and at sensitive locations.

Furthermore, it is envisaged that a variety of practicable noise control measures will be employed. These may include:

• Selection of plant with low inherent potential for generation of noise and/ or vibration; • Erection of barriers as necessary around items such as generators or high duty compressors; and • Situate any noisy plant as far away from sensitive properties as permitted by site constraints and the use of vibration isolated support structures where necessary.

It is expected that all vibration transmissions resulting from construction activity would be both imperceptible and well below recommended guideline criteria.

10.6.2 Operational Phase

As part of the detailed design process, acoustic attenuators, enclosures, silencers and louvres will be utilised where appropriate on new items of plant to ensure that the For inspection purposes only. noise emissions will Consentnot exceed of copyright the owner operational required for any other noise use. limits stipulated in the facilities EPA licence, or result in a significant increase in the sites noise emissions at the nearest noise sensitive locations.

It is anticipated that noise attenuation measures will be designed to limit noise emissions from specific plant items to 75dB(A) at 1 metre. Other measures include, siting plant items in such a way as to benefit from the acoustic screening afforded by existing onsite buildings and positioning plant so that noise emissions are directed away from noise sensitive locations

In summary, with due consideration as part of the detailed design process, the assessment outlined previously has demonstrated that the new development will operate with imperceptible impact at the nearest noise sensitive locations and ensure that the noise emissions will not exceed the operational noise limits stipulated in the facilities EPA licence.

10.6.3 Monitoring

Monitoring of the effects shall be carried out accordance with the requirements of the relevant EPA Licence for the IMIL facility.

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10.7 RESIDUAL IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT

This section summarises the likely noise and vibration impact associated with the proposed development, taking into account the mitigation measures.

10.7.1 Construction Phase

During the construction phase of the project there may be some impact on nearby noise sensitive properties due to noise emissions from site. However, given that the construction phase of the development is temporary in nature and the distances between the main construction work and the nearby noise sensitive properties, it is expected that the various noise sources will not be excessively intrusive.

10.7.2 Operational Phase

Proprietary noise control measures will be employed to ensure that any noise emissions from site have a negligible impact at the nearest noise sensitive locations furthermore noise emissions from the IMIL site should be broadband in nature and should not contain any tonal or impulsive elements.

10.8 INTERACTIONS AND POTENTIAL CUMULATIVE IMPACTS

10.8.1 Interactions

The potential interaction between Noise and Vibration and other Chapters in the EIS is primarily limited to Chapter 5 Population and Human Health, Chapter 2 Existing Development and Chapter 3 Proposed development. This Chapter has been prepared in consideration of and in conjunction with the relevant outputs these Chapters.

10.8.2 Assessment of Cumulative Impacts with Neighbouring Facilities

For inspection purposes only. Cumulative impactsConsent from of copyright the surrounding owner required for any noise other use. environment based on existing facilities have been considered in Section 10.5.2 as the existing background noise surveys take account of the existing development in the area. Based on the worst case predicted noise emissions from the proposed IMIL development, this assessment has shown the potential noise impact at the nearest noise sensitive locations to be imperceptible.

With regards to future development, there are a number developments in the vicinity undergoing construction at present or have recently become operational with potential for cumulative impacts. To assess potential cumulative impacts at the noise sensitive locations considering the operation of these other developments and the proposed development, reference has been made to the relevant noise assessment chapter of the associated environmental impact statements. The following developments are considered here:

• Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS) (Planning Reference: FW15A/0038), and; • Alexion (Planning Reference: FW15A/0067)

The predicted noise emission from operation of the BMS facility at NSL2 is reported to be 29 dB LAeq,T.

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The predicted noise emissions from operation of the Alexion Facility at the nearest noise sensitive location situated to the east of the Alexion site [NSL4] is reported to be 33 dB LAeq,T. NSL2 is situated some 350m beyond NSL4, taking account of the accepted attenuated afford by the additional distance to NSL2, it is anticipated that the worst-case noise emissions at NSL2 from the operation of the Alexion facility will be 27 dB LAeq,T.

Table 10.11 presents the predicted noise emissions and relative change in noise level at the nearest noise sensitive locations with consideration of the operation of the other developments described above.

Existing Other Committed Cumulative Change in Background Developments & Proposed Noise Noise EPA Glossary NSL Level (night dB LAeq,T (IMIL) dB Level Level of Impacts7 time) dB (Alexion & LAeq,T (dB(A)) (dB) LA90,T BMS) Imperceptible NSL1 49 42 31 49.8 +0.8 Impact Imperceptible NSL2 44 37 <318 <45.0 <1 Impact Table 10.11 Predicted Cumulative Impacts Considering Future Operations

In summary, the assessment outlined above has demonstrated that the long term cumulative effects associated with proposed development will be neutral and imperceptible at the nearest noise sensitive locations.

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7 Environmental Protection Agency – Draft Revised Guidelines on the information to be contained in Environmental Impact Statements, 2015. 8 The contribution from other devlopments at NSL2 is expected to be much lower that this figure due to the additional distances from the source and screening from existing develoments. It has been adopted for this assessment to poresent a worst-case scenario. ______

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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for proposed NSL 2 Process Vent Abatement Project at Ipsen Manufacturing Ireland, Blanchardstown, Dublin 15

NSL 1

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Reference

16/9048

Figure 10.1

Noise Sensitive Locations

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APPENDIX 10.1

FUNDAMENTALS OF ACOUSTICS

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In order to provide a broader understanding of some of the technical discussion in this report, this section provides a brief overview of the fundamentals of acoustics and the basis for the preparation of this noise assessment.

A sound wave travelling through the air is a regular disturbance of the atmospheric pressure. These pressure fluctuations are detected by the human ear, producing the sensation of hearing. In order to take account of the vast range of pressure levels that can be detected by the ear, it is convenient to measure sound in terms of a logarithmic ratio of sound pressures. These values are expressed as Sound Pressure Levels (SPL) in decibels (dB).

The audible range of sounds expressed in terms of Sound Pressure Levels is 0dB (for the threshold of hearing) to 120dB (for the threshold of pain). In general, a subjective impression of doubling of loudness corresponds to a tenfold increase in sound energy which conveniently equates to a 10dB increase in SPL. It should be noted that a doubling in sound energy (such as may be caused by a doubling of traffic flows) increases the SPL by 3dB.

The frequency of sound is the rate at which a sound wave oscillates, and is expressed in Hertz (Hz). The sensitivity of the human ear to different frequencies in the audible range is not uniform. For example, hearing sensitivity decreases markedly as frequency falls below 250Hz. In order to rank the SPL of various noise sources, the measured level has to be adjusted to give comparatively more weight to the frequencies that are readily detected by the human ear. Several weighting mechanisms have been proposed but the ‘A-weighting’ system has been found to provide one of the best correlations with perceived loudness. SPL’s measured using ‘A-weighting’ are expressed in terms of dB(A). An indication of the level of some common sounds on the dB(A) scale is presented in 10.A1 below.

The ‘A’ subscript denotes that the sound levels have been A-weighted. The established prediction and measurement techniques for this parameter are well developed and widely applied. For a more detailed introduction to the basic principles of acoustics, reference should For be inspection made purposes to an only. appropriate standard text. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

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Figure 10.A1 dB(A) Scale & Indicative Noise Levels – (EPA: Guidance Note for Noise: Licence Applications, Surveys and Assessments in Relation to Scheduled Activities (NG4 – 2012))

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APPENDIX 10.2

NOISE MODELLING DETAILS

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A.10.2.1 Noise Model

A 3D computer-based prediction model has been prepared in order to quantify the noise emission levels from the proposed development. This section discusses the methodology behind the noise modelling process.

A.10.2.2 Brüel & Kjær Type 7810 Predictor

Proprietary noise calculation software has been used for the purposes of this modelling exercise. The selected software, Brüel & Kjær Type 7810 Predictor, calculates noise levels in accordance with ISO 9613: Acoustics – Attenuation of sound during propagation outdoors, Part 2: General method of calculation, 1996.

Brüel & Kjær Type 7810 Predictor is a proprietary noise calculation package for computing noise levels in the vicinity of noise sources. Predictor calculates noise levels in different ways depending on the selected prediction standard. In general, however, the resultant noise level is calculated taking into account a range of factors affecting the propagation of sound, including:

• the magnitude of the noise source in terms of A weighted sound power levels (LWA); • the distance between the source and receiver; • the presence of obstacles such as screens or barriers in the propagation path; • the presence of reflecting surfaces; • the hardness of the ground between the source and receiver; • Attenuation due to atmospheric absorption; and • Meteorological effects such as wind gradient, temperature gradient and humidity (these have significant impact at distances greater than approximately 400m).

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A.10.2.3 Brief Description of ISO9613-2: 1996

ISO9613-2:1996 calculates the noise level based on each of the factors discussed previously. However, the effect of meteorological conditions is significantly simplified by calculating the average downwind sound pressure level, LAT(DW), for the following conditions:

• wind direction at an angle of ±45° to the direction connecting the centre of the dominant sound source and the centre of the specified receiver region with the wind blowing from source to receiver, and;

• wind speed between approximately 1ms-1 and 5ms-1, measured at a height of 3m to 11m above the ground.

The equations and calculations also hold for average propagation under a well-developed moderate ground based temperature inversion, such as commonly occurs on clear calm nights.

The basic formula for calculating LAT(DW) from any point source at any receiver location is given by:

LfT(DW) = LW + Dc – A Eqn. A

Where:

LfT(DW) is an octave band centre frequency component of LAT(DW) in dB relative to 2x10-5Pa; LW is the octave band sound power of the point source; Dc is the directivity correction for the point source; A is the octave band attenuation that occurs during propagation, For inspection purposes namely only. attenuation due to geometric Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. divergence, atmospheric absorption, ground effect, barriers and miscellaneous other effects.

The estimated accuracy associated with this methodology is shown in Table A below:

Distance, d† Height,h* 0 < d < 100m 100m < d < 1,000m 0

Table A Estimated Accuracy for Broadband Noise of LAT(DW)

* h is the mean height of the source and receiver. † d is the mean distance between the source and receiver. N.B. These estimates have been made from situations where there are no effects due to reflections or attenuation due to screening.

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A.10.2.4 Input Data and Assumptions

The noise model has been compiled using data from various source as follows:

Site Layout The general site layout has been obtained from the drawings provided by IMIL. Local Area The Location of noise sensitive locations has been obtained from Ordinance Survey Ireland (OSI), site surveys and review of Google mapping software. Heights Onsite building heights have been obtained from the drawings forwarded from IMIL.

A.10.2.5 Modelling Calculation Parameters

The atmospheric attenuation outlined in Table B has been assumed for all calculations.

Temp % Octave Band Centre Frequencies (Hz) (ºC) Humidity 63 125 250 500 1k 2k 4k 8k 10 70 0.12 0.41 1.04 1.92 3.66 9.70 33.06 118.4 Table B Atmospheric Attenuation Assumed for Noise Calculations (dB per km)

Prediction calculations for noise emissions have been conducted in accordance with ISO 9613: Acoustics – Attenuation of sound during propagation outdoors, Part 2: General method of calculation, 1996. The following are the main aspects that have been considered in terms of the noise predictions presented in this instance.

Directivity Factor: The directivity factor (D) allows for an adjustment to For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyrightbe madeowner required where for any theother use.sound radiated in the direction of interest is higher than that for which the sound power level is specified. In this case the sound power level is calculated in a down wind direction, corresponding to the worst case propagation conditions and needs no further adjustment. All noise sources have been assumed omni directional as a worst case with the exception of façade louvres.

Ground Effect: Ground effect is the result of sound reflected by the ground interfering with the sound propagating directly from source to receiver. The prediction of ground effects are inherently complex and depend on source height receiver height propagation height between the source and receiver and the ground conditions. The ground conditions are described by a variable defined as G, which varies between 0.0 for hard ground (including paving, ice concrete) and 1.0 for soft ground (includes ground covered by grass trees or other vegetation) Our predictions have been carried out using various source height ______

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specific to each plant item, a receiver heights of 1.5m for a single-story development. An assumed ground factor of G = 0.8 has been applied off site with various ground factors applied within the site.

Geometrical Divergence: This term relates to the spherical spreading in the free-field from a point sound source resulting in attenuation depending on distance according to the following equation:

Ageo = 20 x log(distance from source in meters) + 11

Atmospheric Absorption: Sound propagation through the atmosphere is attenuated by the conversion of the sound energy into heat. This attenuation is dependent on the temperature and relative humidity of the air through which the sound is travelling and is frequency dependent with increasing attenuation towards higher frequencies. In these predictions a temperature of 10°C and a relative humidity of 70% have been used, which give relativity low levels of atmosphere attenuation and corresponding worst case noise predictions.

Barrier Attenuation: The effect of any barrier between the noise source and the receiver position is that noise will be reduced according to the relative heights of the source, receiver and barrier and the frequency spectrum of the noise.

A.10.2.6 Receptor Locations For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Co-ordinates (ITM) Receptor Y X NSL1 708,725 740,796 NSL2 708,589 740,948 Table C Receptor Details

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A.10.2.7 Source Sound Power Data

The following source data has been assumed for this assessment. Each noise source was input as sound power in octave bands in the Predictor software.

Sound Power Data (dBA re 10–12 W)

Plant Qty Qty

Location

Hz Hz

Item Total Duty Hz

kHz kHz

kHz

Total

2 4kHz 8

125 250 500

External Scrubber 1 100% 86 70 77 78 82 79 76 68

Nitrogen External 1 100% 86 70 76 79 80 81 77 65 Vent External Louvres 8 100% 86 65 62 68 72 80 82 81 (Façade) Table D Sound Power Data for Noise Sources

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11.0 AIR QUALITY & CLIMATE

11.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter evaluates the impacts, if any, which the development has had or will have on Air Quality & Climate as defined in the EPA Draft ‘Advice Notes on Current Practice (in the preparation of Environmental Impact Statements)’ (September 2015).

It is planned to upgrade the primary Air Abatement system at the existing IMIL facility at Blanchardstown Industrial Park, Snugborough Road, Blanchardstown, Dublin 15. The chapter has been prepared by AWN Consulting Ltd. (AWN) based on information provided by the project team.

Air dispersion modelling was carried out using the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s regulated model AERMOD. The modelling of air emissions from the site was carried out to assess the concentrations of a range of chemicals and the consequent impact on human health. To obtain all the meteorological information required for use in the model, data collected during 2012 - 2016 from Dublin Airport Meteorological Station has been incorporated into the modelling. The air dispersion modelling input data consisted of information on the physical environment, design details for all emission points on-site and a full year of meteorological data. Using this input data, the model predicted ambient concentrations at various receptors for each hour of the meteorological year. This study adopted a worst-case approach which will lead to an over-estimation of the actual levels that will arise.

11.2 METHODOLOGY

11.2.1 General

Emissions from the site have been modelled using the AERMOD dispersion model (Version 16216r) which has been developed by the U.S Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the American Meteorological Society (AMS). The model is For inspection purposes only. recommended as anConsent appropriate of copyright ownermodel required for for assessing any other use. the impact of air emissions from industrial facilities in the EPA Guidance document “Air Dispersion Modelling from Industrial Installations Guidance Note (AG4) (2010)”.

The model is a “new-generation” steady-state Gaussian plume model used to assess pollutant concentrations associated with industrial sources. The model is an enhancement of the Industrial Source Complex-Short Term 3 (ISCST3) model which has been widely used for emissions from industrial sources. Details of the model are given in Appendix 11.1. Fundamentally, the model has made significant advances in simulating the dispersion process in the boundary layer. This will lead to a more accurate reflection of real world processes and thus considerably enhance the reliability and accuracy of the model particularly under those scenarios which give rise to the highest ambient concentrations.

Due to the proximity to surrounding buildings, the PRIME Building Downwash Program (BPIP Prime) has been incorporated into the model to determine the influence (wake effects) of these buildings on dispersion in each direction considered.

The AERMOD model incorporated the following features:

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• A receptor grid was identified at which concentrations would be modelled. The receptors were mapped with sufficient resolution to ensure all localised “hot- spots” were identified without adding unduly to processing time. Modelling was carried out covering an overall area of 100 km2 with the site at the centre. The inner grid consisted of receptors every 50 m extended to 1250 m from the site and the outer grid consisted of receptors every 500 m from the site extending to 5km from the facility. The total number of calculation points for the gridded modelling including boundary and discrete receptors is 3,073. • All on-site buildings and significant process structures were mapped into the computer to create a three dimensional visualisation of the site and its emission points. Buildings and process structures can influence the passage of airflow over the emission stacks and draw plumes down towards the ground (termed building downwash). The stacks themselves can influence airflow in the same way as buildings by causing low pressure regions behind them (termed stack tip downwash). Both building and stack tip downwash were incorporated into the modelling. • Hourly-sequenced meteorological information has been used in the model covering the years 2012 – 2016 from Dublin Airport Meteorological Station as shown in Figure 11.1. AERMOD incorporates a meteorological pre-processor AERMET which allows AERMOD to account for changes in the plume behaviour with height using information on the surface characteristics of the site. AERMET calculates hourly boundary layer parameters for use by AERMOD, including friction velocity, Monin-Obukhov length, convective velocity scale, temperature scale, convective boundary layer (CBL) height, stable boundary layer (SBL) height, and surface heat flux (see Appendix 11.2). • Terrain has been mapped out in the model using SRTM data (30m resolution) using AERMAP although in the general vicinity, the site is located in an area of relatively flat terrain.

The proposed development will consist of one additional emission point A2-1 with the current main emission point, A3, being used as a back-up system with a maximum annual usage of 500 hours per year. The facility current has an Industrial Emissions Licence (P0117-01). For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Two scenarios were investigated:

• The modelling of air emissions under normal operations from proposed main emission point A2-1.

• The modelling of air emissions under back-up operations from existing main emission point A3.

A2-1 is a proposed new emission point which will have a stack height of 10m whilst A3 is an existing emission point with a stack height of 10.9m. The source information for the existing and proposed modelled emission points can be seen in Tables 11.1 – 11.4.

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Stack Stack Height Exit Diameter Temp Volume Flow Exit Velocity Reference (m) (m) (K) (Am3/hr) (m/sec actual)

A2-1 10 0.1 293.15 500 19.0

A3 10.9 0.375 293.15 5,000 13.5 Table 11.1 Summary of Source Information

Existing Emission Concentration Existing Parameters 3 Note 1 (mg/Nm ) Emission Rate (g/hr) Ammonia 30.0 150.0 DCM 20.0 100.0 Methanol 150.0 750.0 Acetonitrile 150.0 750.0 Toluene 150.0 750.0 Dimethylformamide 150.0 750.0 Acetone 150.0 750.0 Acetic Acid 150.0 750.0 IPA 150.0 750.0 Note 1 Based On IE Licence P0117-01 (except ammonia) Table 11.2 Existing Air Emission Rates From Emission Point A3 Under Licence Conditions

Emission Emission Carbon Concentration Concentration Emission Rate Parameters Ratio (g/hr) (as C) (mg/Nm3) (mg/Nm3) Ammonia 30 n/a 30.0 15.0 DCM 20 0.141 141.7 70.8 Methanol 50 0.375 133.3 66.7 Acetonitrile 50 0.585 85.4 42.7 Toluene 50 0.913 54.8 27.4 Dimethylformamide 50 0.500 100.0 50.0 For inspection purposes only. Acetone Consent of copyright50 owner required for0.621 any other use. 80.6 40.3 Acetic Acid 50 0.400 125.0 62.5 IPA 50 0.600 83.3 41.7 Table 11.3 Air Emission Rates From Emission Point A2-1 Under Proposed Licence Conditions

Emission Emission Carbon Concentration Concentration Emission Rate Parameters Ratio (g/hr) (as C) (mg/Nm3) (mg/Nm3) Ammonia 30 n/a 30.0 150.0 DCM 20 0.141 141.7 708.3 Methanol 100 0.375 266.7 1333.3 Acetonitrile 100 0.585 170.8 854.2 Toluene 100 0.913 109.5 547.6 Dimethylformamide 100 0.500 200.0 1000.0 Acetone 100 0.621 161.1 805.6 Acetic Acid 100 0.400 250.0 1250.0 IPA 100 0.600 166.7 833.3 Table 11.4 Air Emission Rates From Emission Point A3 Under Proposed Licence Conditions (Backup Operation)

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Figure 11.1 Dublin Airport Windrose 2012 – 2016

11.2.2 Criteria for Rating of Impacts

Air Quality

For inspection purposes only. In order to reduce theConsent risk of copyright to health owner required from for any poor other airuse. quality, national and European statutory bodies have set limit values in ambient air for a range of air pollutants. These limit values or “Air Quality Standards” are health or environmental-based levels for which additional factors may be considered. The applicable standards in Ireland include the Air Quality Standards Regulations 2011, which incorporate EU Directive 2008/50/EC.

In line with the approach outlined in AG4, where no EU air quality standard exists, relevant statutory standards from other EU countries such as the UK, Germany or Denmark should be used. The most stringent European guideline / limit value from the sources outlined below should be referenced when determining compliance in the absence of an applicable EU ambient air quality standard. The relevant statutory guidance can be obtained from the following sources:

• EALs outlined in Appendix D of UK Environment Agency “IPPC H1 - IPPC Environmental Assessment for BAT” (EA, 2003).

• Environmental Assessment Level (EAL) based on the Health & Safety Authority publication 2016 Code of Practice for the Safety, Health and Welfare at Work (Chemical Agents) Regulations 2001 (S.I. No. 619 of 2001) (HSA, 2016). The EAL should be derived using the approach outlined in Appendix D of UK

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Environment Agency “IPPC H1 - IPPC Environmental Assessment for BAT”. The guidance outlines the approach for deriving both short-term and long-term EALs. In relation to the long-term (annual) EAL, this can be derived by applying a factor of 100 to the 8-hour Occupational Exposure Level (OEL). The factor of 100 allows for both the greater period of exposure and the greater sensitivity of the general population. For short-term (1-hour) exposure, the EAL is derived by applying a factor of 10 to the short term exposure limit (STEL). In this case, only the sensitivity of the general population need be taken into account as there is no need for additional safety factors in terms of the period of exposure. Where STELs are not listed then a value of 3 times the 8-hour time weighted average occupational exposure limit may be used.

Appendix D of the UK Environment Agency “IPPC H1 – IPPC Environmental Assessment for BAT” outlines both short term (1-Hour) and long term (annual) limit values for the Class I, II & III Organics used on-site. These limit values are outlined in Table 11.5.

Table 11.5 Environmental Assessment Levels For Class I, II & III Organics Used On-site Short-term (1-Hr) Long-term (Annual) BAT Class Solvent EALNote 1 (µg/m3) EALNote 1 (µg/m3)

Class I DCM 3,000 700

Methanol 33,300 2,660

Acetonitrile 10,200 680

Toluene 8,000 1,910

Dimethylformamide 6,100 300 Class III Acetone 362,000 18,100

Ethyl Acetate 420,000 14,600

Heptane 625,500 20,850 For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. IPA 125,000 9,900 Note 1: Taken From UK EA H1 IPPC (2003)

Climate

Ireland ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in April 1994 and the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 (Framework Convention on Climate Change, 1999 and Framework Convention on Climate Change, 1997). For the purposes of the EU burden sharing agreement under Article 4 of the Kyoto Protocol, Ireland agreed to limit the net anthropogenic growth of the six GHGs under the Kyoto Protocol to 13% above the 1990 level over the period 2008 to 2012. The UNFCCC is continuing detailed negotiations in relation to GHGs reductions and in relation to technical issues such as Emission Trading and burden sharing. The most recent Conference of the Parties (COP22) to the agreement was convened in Marrakesh, Morocco in December 2016. Prior to this COP21 was held in Paris, France in December 2015. COP21 was an important milestone in terms of international climate change agreements. The “Paris Agreement”, agreed by over 200 nations, has a stated aim of limiting global temperature increases to no more than 2°C above pre-industrial levels with efforts to limit this rise to 1.5°C. The aim is to limit global GHG emissions to 40 gigatonnes as soon as possible whilst acknowledging that peaking of GHG

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emissions will take longer for developing countries. Contributions to greenhouse gas emissions will be based on Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) which will form the foundation for climate action post 2020. Significant progress was also made on elevating adaption onto the same level as action to cut and curb emissions.

The EU, on the 23/24th of October 2014, agreed the “2030 Climate and Energy Policy Framework” (EC, 2014). The European Council endorsed a binding EU target of at least a 40% domestic reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared to 1990. The target will be delivered collectively by the EU in the most cost-effective manner possible, with the reductions in the ETS and non-ETS sectors amounting to 43% and 30% by 2030 compared to 2005, respectively. Secondly, it was agreed that all Member States will participate in this effort, balancing considerations of fairness and solidarity. The policy also outlines, under “Renewables and Energy Efficiency”, an EU binding target of at least 27% for the share of renewable energy consumed in the EU in 2030.

In 1999, Ireland signed the Gothenburg Protocol to the 1979 UN Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution. The initial objective of the Protocol was to control and reduce emissions of Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Oxides (NOX), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and Ammonia (NH3). To achieve the initial targets Ireland was obliged, by 2010, to meet national emission ceilings of 42 kt for SO2 (67% below 2001 levels), 65 kt for NOX (52% reduction), 55 kt for VOCs (37% reduction) and 116 kt for NH3 (6% reduction). In 2012, the Gothenburg Protocol was revised to include national emission reduction commitments for the main air pollutants to be achieved in 2020 and beyond and to include emission reduction commitments for PM2.5. In relation to Ireland, 2020 emission targets are 25 kt for SO2 (65% on 2005 levels), 65 kt for NOX (49% reduction on 2005 levels), 43 kt for VOCs (25% reduction on 2005 levels) 108 kt for NH3 (1% reduction on 2005 levels) and 10 kt for PM2.5 (18% reduction on 2005 levels).

European Commission Directive 2001/81/EC, the National Emissions Ceiling Directive (NECD), prescribes the same emission limits as the 1999 Gothenburg Protocol. A For inspection purposes only. National ProgrammeConsent for of copyright the progressive owner required for any reduction other use. of emissions of these four transboundary pollutants has been in place since April 2005. Data available from the EU in 2010 indicated that Ireland complied with the emissions ceilings for SO2, VOCs and NH3 but failed to comply with the ceiling for NOX. Directive (EU) 2016/2284 “On The Reduction Of National Emissions Of Certain Atmospheric Pollutants And Amending Directive 2003/35/EC And Repealing Directive 2001/81/EC” was published in December 2016. The Directive will apply the 2010 NECD limits until 2020 and establish new national emission reduction commitments which will be applicable from 2020 and 2030 for SO2, NOX, NMVOC, NH3 and PM2.5. In relation to Ireland, 2020-29 emission targets are for SO2 (65% below 2005 levels), for NOX (49% reduction), for VOCs (25% reduction), for NH3 (1% reduction) and for PM2.5 (18% reduction). In relation to 2030, Ireland’s emission targets are for SO2 (85% below 2005 levels), for NOX (69% reduction), for VOCs (32% reduction), for NH3 (5% reduction) and for PM2.5 (41% reduction).

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11.3 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT

11.3.1 Air Quality

Air quality monitoring programmes have been undertaken in recent years by the EPA and Local Authorities. The most recent annual report on air quality “Air Quality Monitoring Annual Report 2015” (EPA, 2016a), details the range and scope of monitoring undertaken throughout Ireland.

As part of the implementation of the Framework Directive on Air Quality (1996/62/EC), four air quality zones have been defined in Ireland for air quality management and assessment purposes (EPA, 2016a). Dublin is defined as Zone A and Cork as Zone B. Zone C is composed of 23 towns with a population of greater than 15,000. The remainder of the country, which represents rural Ireland but also includes all towns with a population of less than 15,000 is defined as Zone D. In terms of air monitoring, the region of the proposed development is categorised as Zone A (EPA, 2016a).

In terms of background concentrations of VOCs, no significant local concentrations of the chemicals outlined in Table 11.2 are likely to be present in the study area.

11.3.2 Climate

An important part of the approach to reducing GHG emissions, engrained in the Kyoto Agreement, is that emission reductions should reflect the most economically efficient cost of achieving the set target. As part of this approach, three “flexible mechanisms” are intended to facilitate the cost-effective implementation of the Protocol. These mechanisms are Emission Trading (ET), Joint Implementation (JT) and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). Emission trading is a development whereby polluting For inspection purposes only. entities are allocatedConsent allowances of copyright forowner their required emissions for any other use. which can subsequently be traded with each other. Emitters for whom it is very expensive to effect emission reductions are likely to buy permits from emitters for whom emissions reduction is more cost- effective thus ensuring that a pre-determined environmental outcome will take place where the cost of reduction is lowest. Due to significant economic growth in Ireland since 1990, emissions trading is of benefit to Ireland in meeting its commitments to limit the growth of GHG emissions (IPCC, 2006). Both Joint Implementation and the Clean Development Mechanisms allow states to share reduction credits by investing in another territory with the aim of reducing emissions. However, the Clean Development Mechanism differs in that the projects are specific to assisting developing countries that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change to meet the cost of adaptation.

GHGs have different efficiencies in retaining solar energy in the atmosphere and different lifetimes in the atmosphere. In order to compare different GHGs, emissions are calculated on the basis of their Global Warming Potential (GWPs) over a 100-year period, giving a measure of their relative heating effect in the atmosphere. The GWP100 for CO2 is the basic unit (GWP = 1) whereas CH4 has a global warming potential equivalent to 21 units of CO2 and N2O has a GWP100 of 310. Greenhouse gases other than CO2 (i.e. methane, nitrous oxide and so-called F-gases) may be

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converted to CO2 equivalent using their global warming potentials, providing a CO2 equivalent or CO2eq value.

Anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases in Ireland included in the EU 2020 strategy are outlined in the most recent review by the EPA (EPA, 2016b). Agriculture is the greatest source of emissions at 33% of CO2eq (2015 data) (EPA, 2016b). The largest share of energy emissions in 2015 is from fuel combustion for power generation (19.7% of total emissions) and road transport (19.8%). Industry and manufacturing combustion sources account for 10.9% of emissions in 2015.

2015 was the third year where compliance with the European Union’s Effort Sharing Decision “EU 2020 Strategy” (Decision 406/2009/EC) was assessed. Ireland had non- ETS sectors emissions of 43.0 Mt CO2eq in 2015, when emissions covered by the EU’s emissions trading scheme for stationary and aviation operators were removed. This is 1.63 Mt CO2eq lower than Ireland’s annual target for emissions in 2015. However, the latest note from the EPA in 2016 indicates that compliance with the EU 2020 targets will be very challenging (EPA, 2016b).

11.4 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT

The proposal is a new process vent abatement system at the existing IMIL facility at Blanchardstown Industrial Park, Snugborough Road, Blanchardstown, Dublin 15. The construction phase will be of short term duration requiring the installation of foundations, connections to on-site utility services and the installation and commissioning of new plant items.

The primary sources of air emissions in the operational context are deemed to be long term in nature and will involve:

• Emission point A2-1.

The construction and operation of this new development has the potential to add to For inspection purposes only. existing ambient air pollutantConsent of copyright levels owner from required the for anyIMIL other facility. use.

11.5 POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT

11.5.1 Construction Phase

The greatest potential impact on air quality during the construction phase of the proposed development is from construction dust emissions and the potential for nuisance dust. While construction dust tends to be deposited within 200m of a construction site, the majority of the deposition occurs within the first 50m.

There is the potential for a number of greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere during the construction phase of the development. Construction vehicles, generators etc., may give rise to CO2 and N2O emissions.

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11.5.2 Operational Phase

Risk Of Accidents / Disasters Including Those Caused By Climate Change

There is no significant risk of accidents / disasters including those caused by climate change due to air emissions or greenhouse gases released to atmosphere as part of the operational phase of the project.

Air Emissions

There is the potential for a number of emissions to the atmosphere during the operational phase of the development. In particular, process related air emissions may generate quantities of air pollutants such as the chemicals outlined in Table 11.2.

There is potential for a number of greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere during the operational phase of the proposed development. The development may also generate greenhouse gases indirectly due to the development’s electricity requirements i.e. the development’s electricity requirements may be sourced from non- renewable methods.

11.6 REMEDIAL AND MITIGATION MEASURES

In order to sufficiently ameliorate the potential air quality impact and the potential impact on climate change from this facility, a schedule of control measures has been formulated.

11.6.1 Construction Phase

In order to ensure that no dust nuisance occurs, a series of measures will be implemented. In summary the measures which will be implemented will include:

• Hard surface roads will be swept to remove mud and aggregate materials from For inspection purposes only. their surface Consent while of anycopyright un owner-surfaced required for any roads other use. will be restricted to essential site traffic. • Furthermore, any road that has the potential to give rise to fugitive dust must be regularly watered, as appropriate, during dry and/or windy conditions. • Vehicles using site roads will have their speed restricted, and this speed restriction must be enforced rigidly. On any un-surfaced site road, this will be 15kph, and on hard surfaced roads as site management dictates. • Vehicles delivering material with dust potential (soil, aggregates) will be enclosed or covered with tarpaulin at all times to restrict the escape of dust. • Public roads outside the site will be regularly inspected for cleanliness, and cleaned as necessary. • Material handling systems and site stockpiling of materials will be designed and laid out to minimise exposure to wind. Water misting or sprays will be used as required if particularly dusty activities are necessary during dry or windy periods. • During movement of materials both on and off-site, trucks will be stringently covered with tarpaulin at all times. Before entrance onto public roads, trucks will be adequately inspected to ensure no potential for dust emissions. • At all times, these procedures will be strictly monitored and assessed. In the event of dust nuisance occurring outside the site boundary, movements of materials likely to raise dust would be curtailed and satisfactory procedures ______

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implemented to rectify the problem before the resumption of construction operations.

Construction vehicles, generators etc., may give rise to some CO2 and N2O emissions. However, due to the short-term and temporary nature of these works the impact on climate change will not be significant.

11.6.2 Operational Stage

The stack height of A2-1 has been designed in an iterative fashion to ensure that an adequate height was selected to aid dispersion of the plume. Provided A2-1 is built to a height of 10m above local ground level, the air impact assessment outlined below has demonstrated that mitigation measures are not required.

Thus, the results of the dispersion modelling study indicate that no site-specific mitigation measures are required during the operational phase of the proposed development.

In relation to climate change, the operation of the new abatement unit will lead to associated CO2 and N2O emissions. However, the impact on climate change of this new abatement unit will not be significant in the context of Ireland’s national greenhouse gas emissions.

11.7 PREDICTED IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT

11.7.1 Construction Stage

When the dust minimisation measures detailed in the mitigation section of this chapter are implemented, fugitive emissions of dust from the site will be insignificant and pose no nuisance at nearby receptors. Due to the size and nature of the construction activities, CO2 and N2O emissions during construction will have a negligible impact on climate change. For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. 11.7.2 Do-Nothing Scenario

The VOC modelling results at the worst-case off-site receptor are detailed in Tables 11.6 – 11.10 (Years 2012 – 2016) for the “Do Nothing” scenario based on the operation of A3 at the current IE Licence volume flow of 5,000 Nm3/hr and based on the emission concentrations outlined in Table 11.2.

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Table 11.6 Dispersion Model Results at Worst-Case Receptor (Do Nothing Scenario) (Year 2012) Annual Max 1-Hr (% Annual (% 1-Hr EAL Max 1-Hr Annual Parameters EAL of limit of limit (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) value) value) Ammonia 2,500 180 72.6 1.2 2.9% 0.7%

DCM 3,000 700 48.1 0.8 1.6% 0.1%

Methanol 33,300 2,660 359.8 6.1 1.1% 0.2%

Acetonitrile 10,200 680 359.7 6.1 3.5% 0.9%

Toluene 8,000 1,910 359.9 6.2 4.5% 0.3%

Dimethylformamide 6,100 300 360.5 6.2 5.9% 2.1%

Acetone 362,000 18,100 360.5 6.1 0.1% 0.0%

Acetic Acid 3,700 250 359.9 6.1 9.7% 2.4%

IPA 125,000 9,900 359.4 6.1 0.3% 0.1%

Table 11.7 Dispersion Model Results at Worst-Case Receptor (Do Nothing Scenario) (Year 2013) Annual Max 1-Hr (% Annual (% 1-Hr EAL Max 1-Hr Annual Parameters EAL of limit of limit (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) value) value) Ammonia 2,500 180 68.3 1.5 2.7% 0.8%

DCM 3,000 700 45.2 1.0 1.5% 0.1%

Methanol 33,300 2,660 338.5 7.4 1.0% 0.3%

Acetonitrile 10,200 680 338.4 7.4 3.3% 1.1%

Toluene 8,000 1,910 338.6 7.4 4.2% 0.4% For inspection purposes only. Dimethylformamide 6,100 Consent of copyright300 owner required339.0 for any other use. 7.4 5.6% 2.5%

Acetone 362,000 18,100 339.2 7.4 0.1% 0.0%

Acetic Acid 3,700 250 338.4 7.4 9.1% 3.0%

IPA 125,000 9,900 338.1 7.4 0.3% 0.1%

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Table 11.8 Dispersion Model Results at Worst-Case Receptor (Do Nothing Scenario) (Year 2014) Annual Max 1-Hr (% Annual (% 1-Hr EAL Max 1-Hr Annual Parameters EAL of limit of limit (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) value) value) Ammonia 2,500 180 58.9 1.2 2.4% 0.7%

DCM 3,000 700 39.0 0.8 1.3% 0.1%

Methanol 33,300 2,660 299.2 6.1 0.9% 0.2%

Acetonitrile 10,200 680 292.0 6.1 2.9% 0.9%

Toluene 8,000 1,910 292.1 6.0 3.7% 0.3%

Dimethylformamide 6,100 300 292.5 6.1 4.8% 2.0%

Acetone 362,000 18,100 292.6 6.1 0.1% 0.0%

Acetic Acid 3,700 250 292.1 6.1 7.9% 2.4%

IPA 125,000 9,900 291.7 6.1 0.2% 0.1%

Table 11.9 Dispersion Model Results at Worst-Case Receptor (Do Nothing Scenario) (Year 2015) Annual Max 1-Hr (% Annual (% 1-Hr EAL Max 1-Hr Annual Parameters EAL of limit of limit (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) value) value) Ammonia 2,500 180 73.0 1.1 2.9% 0.6%

DCM 3,000 700 48.3 0.7 1.6% 0.1%

Methanol 33,300 2,660 361.5 5.3 1.1% 0.2%

Acetonitrile 10,200 680 361.5 5.4 3.5% 0.8%

Toluene 8,000 1,910 361.6 5.3 4.5% 0.3% For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Dimethylformamide 6,100 300 362.2 5.4 5.9% 1.8% Acetone 362,000 18,100 362.3 5.4 0.1% 0.0%

Acetic Acid 3,700 250 361.6 5.3 9.8% 2.1%

IPA 125,000 9,900 361.1 5.3 0.3% 0.1%

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Table 11.10 Dispersion Model Results at Worst-Case Receptor (Do Nothing Scenario) (Year 2016) Annual Max 1-Hr (% Annual (% 1-Hr EAL Max 1-Hr Annual Parameters EAL of limit of limit (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) value) value) Ammonia 2,500 180 82.1 1.3 3.3% 0.7%

DCM 3,000 700 5.4 0.9 0.2% 0.1%

Methanol 33,300 2,660 407.0 6.5 1.2% 0.2%

Acetonitrile 10,200 680 406.9 6.5 4.0% 1.0%

Toluene 8,000 1,910 407.0 6.4 5.1% 0.3%

Dimethylformamide 6,100 300 407.7 6.5 6.7% 2.2%

Acetone 362,000 18,100 407.8 6.5 0.1% 0.0%

Acetic Acid 3,700 250 407.4 6.5 11.0% 2.6%

IPA 125,000 9,900 406.5 6.5 0.3% 0.1%

The results indicate that the ambient ground level concentrations are below the relevant air quality standards for all parameters. For the worst-case year, emissions from the site lead to an ambient acetic acid concentration which is 11% of the maximum ambient 1-hour limit value and 3% of the annual limit value at the worst-case off-site receptor.

11.7.3 Do-Something Scenario (Normal Operation)

The VOC modelling results at the worst-case off-site receptor are detailed in Tables 11.11 – 11.15 (Years 2012 – 2016) for the “Do Something” normal operation scenario based on the operation of A2-1 at the proposed IE Licence volume flow of 500 Nm3/hr and based on the emission concentrations outlined in Table 11.3.

For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Table 11.11 Dispersion Model Results at Worst-Case Receptor (Do Something Scenario, Normal Operation) (Year 2012) Annual Max 1-Hr (% Annual (% 1-Hr EAL Max 1-Hr Annual Parameters EAL of limit of limit (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) value) value) Ammonia 2,500 180 8.2 0.11 0.33% 0.06%

DCM 3,000 700 38.6 0.51 1.29% 0.07%

Methanol 33,300 2,660 36.2 0.48 0.11% 0.02%

Acetonitrile 10,200 680 23.3 0.31 0.23% 0.05%

Toluene 8,000 1,910 14.8 0.20 0.19% 0.01%

Dimethylformamide 6,100 300 27.2 0.36 0.45% 0.12%

Acetone 362,000 18,100 21.9 0.29 0.01% 0.00%

Acetic Acid 3,700 250 34.1 0.45 0.92% 0.18%

IPA 125,000 9,900 22.7 0.30 0.02% 0.003%

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Table 11.12 Dispersion Model Results at Worst-Case Receptor (Do Something Scenario, Normal Operation) (Year 2013) Annual Max 1-Hr (% Annual (% 1-Hr EAL Max 1-Hr Annual Parameters EAL of limit of limit (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) value) value) Ammonia 2,500 180 8.3 0.10 0.33% 0.06%

DCM 3,000 700 38.7 0.47 1.29% 0.07%

Methanol 33,300 2,660 36.3 0.45 0.11% 0.02%

Acetonitrile 10,200 680 23.4 0.29 0.23% 0.04%

Toluene 8,000 1,910 14.9 0.19 0.19% 0.01%

Dimethylformamide 6,100 300 27.3 0.34 0.45% 0.11%

Acetone 362,000 18,100 22.0 0.27 0.01% 0.00%

Acetic Acid 3,700 250 34.2 0.42 0.92% 0.17%

IPA 125,000 9,900 22.8 0.28 0.02% 0.003%

Table 11.13 Dispersion Model Results at Worst-Case Receptor (Do Something Scenario, Normal Operation) (Year 2014) Annual Max 1-Hr (% Annual (% 1-Hr EAL Max 1-Hr Annual Parameters EAL of limit of limit (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) value) value) Ammonia 2,500 180 7.5 0.12 0.30% 0.07%

DCM 3,000 700 35.0 0.54 1.17% 0.08%

Methanol 33,300 2,660 32.9 0.51 0.10% 0.02%

Acetonitrile 10,200 680 21.2 0.33 0.21% 0.05%

For inspection purposes only. Toluene 8,000 Consent of copyright1,910 owner required13.5 for any other use. 0.21 0.17% 0.01%

Dimethylformamide 6,100 300 24.7 0.38 0.40% 0.13%

Acetone 362,000 18,100 19.9 0.31 0.01% 0.00%

Acetic Acid 3,700 250 30.9 0.48 0.84% 0.19%

IPA 125,000 9,900 20.6 0.32 0.02% 0.003%

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Table 11.14 Dispersion Model Results at Worst-Case Receptor (Do Something Scenario, Normal Operation) (Year 2015) Annual Max 1-Hr (% Annual (% 1-Hr EAL Max 1-Hr Annual Parameters EAL of limit of limit (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) value) value) Ammonia 2,500 180 7.8 0.11 0.31% 0.06%

DCM 3,000 700 36.8 0.50 1.23% 0.07%

Methanol 33,300 2,660 34.6 0.47 0.10% 0.02%

Acetonitrile 10,200 680 22.2 0.31 0.22% 0.05%

Toluene 8,000 1,910 14.2 0.19 0.18% 0.01%

Dimethylformamide 6,100 300 26.0 0.35 0.43% 0.12%

Acetone 362,000 18,100 20.9 0.29 0.01% 0.00%

Acetic Acid 3,700 250 32.5 0.44 0.88% 0.18%

IPA 125,000 9,900 21.7 0.30 0.02% 0.003%

Table 11.15 Dispersion Model Results at Worst-Case Receptor (Do Something Scenario, Normal Operation) (Year 2016) Annual Max 1-Hr (% Annual (% 1-Hr EAL Max 1-Hr Annual Parameters EAL of limit of limit (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) value) value) Ammonia 2,500 180 8.1 0.11 0.32% 0.06%

DCM 3,000 700 37.9 0.52 1.26% 0.07%

Methanol 33,300 2,660 35.6 0.49 0.11% 0.02%

Acetonitrile 10,200 680 22.9 0.31 0.22% 0.05%

Toluene 8,000 1,910 14.6 0.20 0.18% 0.01% For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Dimethylformamide 6,100 300 26.8 0.37 0.44% 0.12% Acetone 362,000 18,100 21.6 0.30 0.01% 0.00%

Acetic Acid 3,700 250 33.5 0.46 0.91% 0.18%

IPA 125,000 9,900 22.3 0.31 0.02% 0.003%

The results indicate that the ambient ground level concentrations are below the relevant air quality standards for all parameters for the “Do Something” normal operation scenario. For the worst-case year, emissions from the site lead to an ambient DCM concentration which is 1.3% of the maximum ambient 1-hour limit value and an ambient acetic acid concentration which is 0.19% of the annual limit value at the worst- case off-site receptor.

The geographical variations in the maximum 1-hour mean DCM and annual mean acetic acid ground level concentrations are illustrated as concentration contours in Figure 11.2 and Figure 11.3.

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11.7.4 Do-Something Scenario (Back-up Operation)

The VOC modelling results at the worst-case off-site receptor are detailed in Tables 11.16 – 11.20 (Years 2012 – 2016) for the “Do Something” back-up operation scenario based on the operation of A3 at the proposed IE Licence volume flow of 5,000 Nm3/hr and based on the emission concentrations outlined in Table 11.4. Although it is confirmed that A3 is unlikely to operate for greater than 500 hours per year, for the purpose of this modelling exercise continuous operation for the full year was assumed.

Table 11.16 Dispersion Model Results at Worst-Case Receptor (Do Something Scenario, Back-up Operation) (Year 2012) Annual Max 1-Hr (% Annual (% 1-Hr EAL Max 1-Hr Annual Parameters EAL of limit of limit (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) value) value) Ammonia 2,500 180 73 1.2 2.9% 0.7%

DCM 3,000 700 341 5.8 11.4% 0.8%

Methanol 33,300 2,660 640 10.9 1.9% 0.4%

Acetonitrile 10,200 680 410 7.0 4.0% 1.0%

Toluene 8,000 1,910 263 4.5 3.3% 0.2%

Dimethylformamide 6,100 300 481 8.2 7.9% 2.7%

Acetone 362,000 18,100 387 6.6 0.1% 0.0%

Acetic Acid 3,700 250 600 10.2 16.2% 4.1%

IPA 125,000 9,900 399 6.8 0.3% 0.1%

Table 11.17 Dispersion Model Results at Worst-Case Receptor (Do Something Scenario, Back-up Operation) (Year 2013) ForAnnual inspection purposes only. Max 1-Hr (% Annual (% 1-Hr EALConsent of copyright owner requiredMax for 1 -anyHr other use.Annual Parameters EAL of limit of limit (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) value) value) Ammonia 2,500 180 68 1.5 2.7% 0.8%

DCM 3,000 700 320 7.0 10.7% 1.0%

Methanol 33,300 2,660 602 13.1 1.8% 0.5%

Acetonitrile 10,200 680 385 8.4 3.8% 1.2%

Toluene 8,000 1,910 247 5.4 3.1% 0.3%

Dimethylformamide 6,100 300 452 9.9 7.4% 3.3%

Acetone 362,000 18,100 364 8.0 0.1% 0.0%

Acetic Acid 3,700 250 564 12.3 15.2% 4.9%

IPA 125,000 9,900 376 8.2 0.3% 0.1%

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Table 11.18 Dispersion Model Results at Worst-Case Receptor (Do Something Scenario, Back-up Operation) (Year 2014) Annual Max 1-Hr (% Annual (% 1-Hr EAL Max 1-Hr Annual Parameters EAL of limit of limit (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) value) value) Ammonia 2,500 180 58.9 1.2 2.4% 0.7%

DCM 3,000 700 276.4 5.8 9.2% 0.8%

Methanol 33,300 2,660 531.9 10.8 1.6% 0.4%

Acetonitrile 10,200 680 332.5 6.9 3.3% 1.0%

Toluene 8,000 1,910 213.3 4.4 2.7% 0.2%

Dimethylformamide 6,100 300 390.0 8.1 6.4% 2.7%

Acetone 362,000 18,100 314.3 6.6 0.1% 0.0%

Acetic Acid 3,700 250 486.9 10.2 13.2% 4.1%

IPA 125,000 9,900 324.1 6.8 0.3% 0.1%

Table 11.19 Dispersion Model Results at Worst-Case Receptor (Do Something Scenario, Back-up Operation) (Year 2015) Annual Max 1-Hr (% Annual (% 1-Hr EAL Max 1-Hr Annual Parameters EAL of limit of limit (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) value) value) Ammonia 2,500 180 73 1.1 2.9% 0.6%

DCM 3,000 700 342 5.1 11.4% 0.7%

Methanol 33,300 2,660 643 9.5 1.9% 0.4%

Acetonitrile 10,200 680 412 6.1 4.0% 0.9%

Toluene 8,000 1,910 264 3.9 3.3% 0.2% For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Dimethylformamide 6,100 300 483 7.2 7.9% 2.4% Acetone 362,000 18,100 389 5.8 0.1% 0.0%

Acetic Acid 3,700 250 603 8.9 16.3% 3.6%

IPA 125,000 9,900 401 5.9 0.3% 0.1%

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Table 11.20 Dispersion Model Results at Worst-Case Receptor (Do Something Scenario, Back-up Operation) (Year 2016) Annual Max 1-Hr (% Annual (% 1-Hr EAL Max 1-Hr Annual Parameters EAL of limit of limit (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) value) value) Ammonia 2,500 180 82 1.3 3.3% 0.7%

DCM 3,000 700 38 6.1 1.3% 0.9%

Methanol 33,300 2,660 724 11.5 2.2% 0.4%

Acetonitrile 10,200 680 463 7.4 4.5% 1.1%

Toluene 8,000 1,910 297 4.7 3.7% 0.2%

Dimethylformamide 6,100 300 544 8.6 8.9% 2.9%

Acetone 362,000 18,100 438 7.0 0.1% 0.0%

Acetic Acid 3,700 250 679 10.8 18.4% 4.3%

IPA 125,000 9,900 452 7.2 0.4% 0.1%

The results indicate that the ambient ground level concentrations are below the relevant air quality standards for all parameters for the “Do Something” back-up operational scenario. For the worst-case year, emissions from the site lead to an ambient acetic acid concentration which is 18.4% of the maximum ambient 1-hour limit value and an ambient acetic acid concentration which is 4.9% of the annual limit value at the worst-case off-site receptor.

The geographical variations in the maximum 1-hour mean and annual mean acetic acid ground level concentrations are illustrated as concentration contours in Figure 11.4 and Figure 11.5.

For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

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11.7.5 Air Quality And Climate Impacts From Traffic Emissions

During the operational phase of the proposed development, it is expected that there will be no additional traffic on the local road network. However, Transport Infrastructure Ireland (TII) guidance (TII, 2011) states that road links meeting one or more of the following criteria can be defined as being ‘affected’ by a proposed development and should be included in the local air quality assessment:

• Road alignment change of 5 metres or more; • Daily traffic flow changes by 1,000 AADT or more; • HGVs flows change by 200 vehicles per day or more; • Daily average speed changes by 10 km/h or more; or • Peak hour speed changes by 20 km/h or more.

The difference between the AADT flows for the ‘do nothing’ and ‘do something’ scenarios was not greater than 1,000. Consequently, no detailed operational phase traffic impact assessment on air quality or climate change is required.

11.8 RESIDUAL IMPACTS

The results of the air dispersion modelling study show that the residual impacts of the proposed development on air quality & climate change will be insignificant.

11.9 MONITORING

The main air emission point (A2-1) will be regulated by Ipsen’s Industrial Emissions Licence issued by the EPA. Under this licence, periodic monitoring of A2-1 will be required with a frequency which will be outlined in the revised Licence issued by the EPA.

For inspection purposes only. 11.9 REFERENCES Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (2008) ADEC Guidance re AERMET Geometric Means (http://dec.alaska.gov/air/ap/modeling.htm)

DEHLG (2004) National Programme for Ireland under Article 6 of Directive 2001/81/EC for the Progressive Reduction of National Emissions of Transboundary Pollutants by 2010

DEHLG (2007) Update and Revision of the National Programme for Ireland under Article 6 of Directive 2001/81/EC for the Progressive Reduction of National Emissions of Transboundary Pollutants by 2010

Environment Agency (2003) IPPC H1 - IPPC Environmental Assessment for BAT

EEA (2014) NEC Directive Status Reports 2013

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2003) Advice Notes on Current Practice (in the preparation of Environmental Impact Statements)

EPA (2010) Air Dispersion Modelling from Industrial Installations Guidance Note (AG4)

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EPA (2016a) Air Quality Monitoring Report 2015 (& previous annual reports 1997- 2014)

EPA (2016b) Ireland’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions to 2020 – An Update

European Council (2014) European Council (23 and 24 October 2014) Conclusions on 2030 Climate and Energy Policy Framework, SN 79/14

Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC) (1997) Kyoto Protocol To The United Nations Framework Convention On Climate Change

FCCC (1999) Ireland - Report on the in-depth review of the second national communication of Ireland

Health & Safety Authority (2016) 2016 Code of Practice for the Safety, Health and Welfare at Work (Chemical Agents) Regulations 2001 (S.I. No. 619 of 2001)

IPCC (2006) IPCC Guidelines for National GHG Inventories

Transport Infrastructure Ireland (2011) Guidelines for the Treatment of Air Quality During the Planning and Construction of National Road Schemes

UK Highway Agency (2007) Design Manual for Road and Bridges, Volume 11, Section 3, Part 1 – HA207/07 (Document and Calculation Spreadsheet)

USEPA (1995) User’s Guide for the Industrial Source Complex (ISC3) Dispersion Model Vol I & II

USEPA (2014) User’s Guide to the AERMOD Meteorological Preprocessor (AERMET)

USEPA (2004) User’s Guide for the AMS/EPA Regulatory Model - AERMOD

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APPENDIX 11.1

Description of AERMOD

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The AERMOD dispersion model has been developed in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The model is a steady-state Gaussian model used to assess pollutant concentrations associated with industrial sources. The model is an enhancement on the Industrial Source Complex-Short Term 3 (ISCST3) model which has been widely used for emissions from industrial sources.

Improvements over the ISCST3 model include the treatment of the vertical distribution of concentration within the plume. ISCST3 assumes a Gaussian distribution in both the horizontal and vertical direction under all weather conditions. AERMOD with PRIME, however, treats the vertical distribution as non-Gaussian under convective (unstable) conditions while maintaining a Gaussian distribution in both the horizontal and vertical direction during stable conditions. This treatment reflects the fact that the plume is skewed upwards under convective conditions due to the greater intensity of turbulence above the plume than below. The result is a more accurate portrayal of actual conditions using the AERMOD model. AERMOD also enhances the turbulence of night-time urban boundary layers thus simulating the influence of the urban heat island.

In contrast to ISCST3, AERMOD is widely applicable in all types of terrain. Differentiation of the simple versus complex terrain is unnecessary with AERMOD. In complex terrain, AERMOD employs the dividing-streamline concept in a simplified simulation of the effects of plume-terrain interactions. In the dividing-streamline concept, flow below this height remains horizontal, and flow above this height tends to rise up and over terrain. Extensive validation studies have found that AERMOD (precursor to AERMOD with PRIME) performs better than ISCST3 for many applications and as well or better than CTDMPLUS for several complex terrain data sets.

Due to the proximity to surrounding buildings, the PRIME (Plume Rise Model Enhancements) building downwash algorithm has been incorporated into the model to determine the influence (wake effects) of these buildings on dispersion in each direction considered. The PRIME algorithm takes into account the position of the stack relative to the building in calculating building downwash. In the absence of the building, the plume from the stack will rise due to momentum and/or buoyancy forces. Wind streamlines act on the plume leads to the bending over of the plume as it disperses. However, due to the presence For inspection purposes only. of the building, wind streamlinesConsent areof copyright disrupted owner required leading for any otherto a use. lowering of the plume centreline.

When there are multiple buildings, the building tier leading to the largest cavity height is used to determine building downwash. The cavity height calculation is an empirical formula based on building height, the length scale (which is a factor of building height & width) and the cavity length (which is based on building width, length and height). As the direction of the wind will lead to the identification of differing dominant tiers, calculations are carried out in intervals of 10 degrees.

In PRIME, the nature of the wind streamline disruption as it passes over the dominant building tier is a function of the exact dimensions of the building and the angle at which the wind approaches the building. Once the streamline encounters the zone of influence of the building, two forces act on the plume. Firstly, the disruption caused by the building leads to increased turbulence and enhances horizontal and vertical dispersion. Secondly, the streamline descends in the lee of the building due to the reduced pressure and drags the plume (or part of) nearer to the ground, leading to higher ground level concentrations. The model calculates the descent of the plume as a function of the building shape and, using a numerical plume rise model, calculates the change in the plume centreline location with distance downwind. The immediate zone in the lee of the building is termed the cavity or near wake and is characterised by high intensity turbulence and an area of uniform low pressure. Plume mass captured by the cavity region is re-emitted to the far wake as a ground-level volume

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AERMOD has made substantial improvements in the area of plume growth rates in comparison to ISCST3. ISCST3 approximates turbulence using six Pasquill-Gifford-Turner Stability Classes and bases the resulting dispersion curves upon surface release experiments. This treatment, however, cannot explicitly account for turbulence in the formulation. AERMOD is based on the more realistic modern planetary boundary layer (PBL) theory which allows turbulence to vary with height. This use of turbulence-based plume growth with height leads to a substantial advancement over the ISCST3 treatment.

Improvements have also been made in relation to mixing height. The treatment of mixing height by ISCST3 is based on a single morning upper air sounding each day. AERMOD, however, calculates mixing height on an hourly basis based on the morning upper air sounding and the surface energy balance, accounting for the solar radiation, cloud cover, reflectivity of the ground and the latent heat due to evaporation from the ground cover. This more advanced formulation provides a more realistic sequence of the diurnal mixing height changes.

AERMOD also has the capability of modelling both unstable (convective) conditions and stable (inversion) conditions. The stability of the atmosphere is defined by the sign of the sensible heat flux. Where the sensible heat flux is positive, the atmosphere is unstable whereas when the sensible heat flux is negative the atmosphere is defined as stable. The sensible heat flux is dependent on the net radiation and the available surface moisture (Bowen Ratio). Under stable (inversion) conditions, AERMOD has specific algorithms to account for plume rise under stable conditions, mechanical mixing heights under stable conditions and vertical and lateral dispersion in the stable boundary layer.

AERMOD also contains improved algorithms for dealing with low wind speed (near calm) conditions. As a result, AERMOD can produce model estimates for conditions when the wind speed may be less than 1 m/s, but still greater than the instrument threshold. For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

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APPENDIX 11.2

Description of AERMET

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AERMOD incorporates a meteorological pre-processor AERMET (USEPA, 2004). AERMET allows AERMOD to account for changes in the plume behaviour with height. AERMET calculates hourly boundary layer parameters for use by AERMOD, including friction velocity, Monin-Obukhov length, convective velocity scale, convective (CBL) and stable boundary layer (SBL) height and surface heat flux. AERMOD uses this information to calculate concentrations in a manner that accounts for changes in dispersion rate with height, allows for a non-Gaussian plume in convective conditions, and accounts for a dispersion rate that is a continuous function of meteorology.

The AERMET meteorological pre-processor requires the input of surface characteristics, including surface roughness (z0), Bowen Ratio and albedo by sector and season, as well as hourly observations of wind speed, wind direction, cloud cover, and temperature. A morning sounding from a representative upper air station, latitude, longitude, time zone, and wind speed threshold are also required.

Two files are produced by AERMET for input to the AERMOD dispersion model. The surface file contains observed and calculated surface variables, one record per hour. The profile file contains the observations made at each level of a meteorological tower, if available, or the one-level observations taken from other representative data, one record level per hour.

From the surface characteristics (i.e. surface roughness, albedo and amount of moisture available (Bowen Ratio)) AERMET calculates several boundary layer parameters that are important in the evolution of the boundary layer, which, in turn, influences the dispersion of pollutants. These parameters include the surface friction velocity, which is a measure of the vertical transport of horizontal momentum; the sensible heat flux, which is the vertical transport of heat to/from the surface; the Monin-Obukhov length which is a stability parameter relating the surface friction velocity to the sensible heat flux; the daytime mixed layer height; the nocturnal surface layer height and the convective velocity scale which combines the daytime mixed layer height and the sensible heat flux. These parameters all depend on the underlying surface.

The values of albedo, Bowen Ratio and surface roughness depend on land-use type (e.g., urban, cultivated land etc.) and vary with seasons and wind direction. The assessment of For inspection purposes only. appropriate land-use types Consentwas caof copyrightrried outowner inrequired line for with any other USEPA use. recommendations (USEPA, 2014) and using the detailed methodology outlined by the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (ADEC, 2008).

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12.0 BIODIVERSITY

12.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter provides an assessment of the impacts of the proposed development on biodiversity. It has been compiled in compliance with the European Communities Legal requirements and follows the EPA Draft Revised Guidelines on the Information to be contained in Environmental Impact Statements (September 2015) and Draft Revised Advice Notes on Current Practice in the preparation of EIS (September 2015) This section was compiled by Ger O’Donohoe M.Sc., Principal Ecologist with Moore Group (Environmental Services).

12.2 METHODOLOGY

This section of the EIAR concentrates on ecological features within the development area of particular significance, primarily designated habitats and species. This includes habitats/species listed in Annex I, II and IV of the EU Habitats Directive, rare plants listed in the Flora Protection Order and other semi-natural habitats of conservation value.

The European Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC (Article 6) indicates the need for plans and projects to be subject to Habitats Directive Assessment (also known as Appropriate Assessment) if the plan or project not directly connected with or necessary to the management of a Natura 2000 site (which includes SACs and SPAs) but which has the potential to have implications on a site’s conservation objectives. These implications can be significant effects either individually or in combination with other plans or projects.

A Report for Appropriate Assessment Screening was undertaken by Moore Group for the proposed development which is presented as Appendix 12.1 to this chapter.

For inspection purposes only. 12.2.1 Policy and GuidanceConsent of copyright owner required for any other use.

EU Habitats Directive

The “Habitats Directive” (Council Directive 92/43/EEC on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Flora and Fauna) is the main legislative instrument for the protection and conservation of biodiversity within the European Union and lists certain habitats and species that must be protected within wildlife conservation areas, considered to be important at a European as well as at a national level. A “Special Conservation Area” or SAC is a designation under the Habitats Directive. The Habitats Directive sets out the protocol for the protection and management of SACs.

The Directive sets out key elements of the system of protection including the requirement for “Appropriate Assessment” of plans and projects. The requirements for an Appropriate Assessment are set out in the EU Habitats Directive. Articles 6(3) and 6(4) of the Directive

EU Birds Directive

The “Birds Directive” (Council Directive 79/409/EEC as codified by Directive 2009/147/EC) provides for a network of sites in all member states to protect birds at their breeding, feeding, roosting and wintering areas. This directive identifies species

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that are rare, in danger of extinction or vulnerable to changes in habitat and which need protection (Annex I species). Appendix I indicates Annex I bird species as listed on the Birds Directive. A “Special Protection Area” or SPA, is a designation under The Birds Directive.

Special Areas of Conservation and Special Protection Areas form a pan-European network of protected sites known as Natura 2000 sites and any plan or project that has the potential to impact upon a Natura 2000 site requires appropriate assessment.

Wildlife Acts (1976 - 2012)

The primary domestic legislation providing for the protection of wildlife in general, and the control of some activities adversely impacting upon wildlife is the Wildlife Act of 1976. The aims of the wildlife act according to the National Parks and Wildlife Service are “... to provide for the protection and conservation of wild fauna and flora, to conserve a representative sample of important ecosystems, to provide for the development and protection of game resources and to regulate their exploitation, and to provide the services necessary to accomplish such aims.” All bird species are protected under the act. The Wildlife (Amendment) Act of 2000 amended the original Act to improve the effectiveness of the Act to achieve its aims. The Wildlife (Amendment) Act of 2012 amended the 2010 Act with regard to hunting timing.

12.2.2 Habitat Assessment

The assessment was carried out in three stages, firstly through desktop assessment to determine existing records in relation to habitats and species present in the study area. This included research on the NPWS metadata website and a literature review of published information on flora and fauna occurring in the development area.

Habitats were surveyed on the 23rd July 2015 as part of the development of the adjacent ‘Building 4’ by conducting a site walkover covering the area under the footprint of the proposed development. The survey date is within the optimal botanical survey period and considered appropriate for the purposes of this assessment. For inspection purposes only. Habitats were assessedConsent according of copyright owner to requiredthe Heritage for any other use.Council Best Practice Guidance for Habitat Survey and Mapping (Smith et al., 2011).

The second stage involves the classification of Habitats in the proposed development areas according to the Heritage Council publication “A Guide to Habitats in Ireland” (Fossitt, 2000). This publication sets out a standard scheme for identifying, describing and classifying wildlife habitats in Ireland. This form of classification uses codes to classify different habitats based on the plant species present. Species recorded in this report are given in both their Latin and English names. Latin names for plant species follow the nomenclature of “An Irish Flora” (Parnell & Curtis, 2012).

Signs of mammals were searched while surveying the study area noting any sights, signs or any activity in the vicinity especially along adjacent boundaries. Evidence of bird nesting or potential for nesting was recorded. A photographic record was made of the main features of interest.

The third stage of the assessment involves an evaluation of the development area and determination of the potential impacts on the biodiversity of the area and is based on the following guidelines and publications:

• Draft Advice Notes on Current Practice (EPA, 2015)

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• Draft Revised Guidelines on the Information to be contained in Environmental Impact Statements (EPA, 2015) • Assessment of plans and projects significantly affecting Natura 2000 sites (EC, 2002) • Managing Natura 2000 Sites (EC, 2000) Guidance document on Article 6(4) of the Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC (EC, 2007) • Appropriate Assessment of Plans and Projects in Ireland - Guidance for Planning Authorities (DEHLG, Rev. Feb. 2010)

The following resources assisted in the production of this section of the report:

• Ordnance Survey Ireland maps • OSI, Google and Bing Aerial photography • National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS) Mapviewer: http://www.npws.ie/en/MapsData/ • Designated sites (SACs, SPAs, NHAs) • Records of protected species from 10km squares • National Biodiversity Data Centre Records and Maps

12.2.3 Consultations

The Development Applications Unit of the Department of the Arts, Heritage & Gaeltacht was contacted in a non-statutory context in relation to the natural heritage aspects of the development of the site in 2015 and a proforma response was received which outlined the standard requirements for the assessment of ecology with regard to development in the area. This previous response was used as checklist during the compilation of the present survey.

12.3 RECEIVING ENVIRONMENT

The following is a description of the flora and fauna of the existing environment in the study area. For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

12.3.1 Designated Conservation Areas

The lands in which the proposed development is located have no formal designations. There are seven Natura 2000 sites located within a 15km zone of influence of the Project:

• 000205 Malahide Estuary SAC • 004025 Malahide Estuary SPA • 000206 North Dublin Bay SAC • 000210 South Dublin Bay SAC • 001398 Ryewater Valley/Carton SAC • 004006 North Bull Island SPA • 004024 South Dublin Bay and River Tolka Estuary SPA.

The proposed development site has limited biological and no hydrological connectivity to these Natura 2000 sites.

Given the low impact type of works proposed and the lack of biological and hydrological connectivity to these sites, it can be stated with a high degree of certainty that there will be no significant impact in these Natura 2000 sites if the proposed

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development were to proceed and so they are screened out at this stage of the assessment.

Malahide Estuary SAC/SPA

Site Location

Royal Canal pNHA North Dublin Bay SAC

North Bull Island SPA

Rye Water Valley/Carton SAC South Dublin Bay & River Tolka Estuary SPA

South Dublin Bay SAC Grand Canal pNHA

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Figure 12.1 Site Location at IMIL in relation to Natura 2000 sites within a 15km radius.

12.3.2 Non-Designated Areas

The footprint of the proposed development is comprised of Buildings and artificial surfaces (BL3), see Figure 12.2.

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Building 1

Tank Farm / Waste Management

Building 2

Building 3

Building 4 Approximate location of proposed process vent abatement system

Figure 12.2 Showing habitats in the development area (site applicable to planning application outlined in red) (adapted from Google Maps).

12.3.3 Mammals

Badgers There are no badger setts along field boundaries which would be disturbed and no For inspection purposes only. signs of badgers in theConsent study of copyright area. owner required for any other use.

Bats There is limited potential for bats and bat habitats in the footprint of the proposed development.

12.3.4 Birds

There is limited potential for bird habitats in the footprint of the proposed development.

12.3.5 Habitat Evaluation

The ecological value of the sites was assessed following the guidelines set out in the Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management’s Guidelines for Ecological Impact Assessment (2006) according to the Natura Scheme for evaluating ecological sites (after Nairn & Fossitt, 2004). Judgements on the evaluation were made using geographic frames of reference, e.g. European, National, Regional or Local.

There are no rare or protected habitats recorded in the study area inside the site boundary.

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The habitats under the footprint of the proposed development are of low ecological value.

12.4 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DEVELOPMENT

The proposed development primarily comprises a new process vent abatement system at the existing IMIL facility. The proposed development will entail installation of the new system and a new emissions stack. Otherwise there will be limited disturbance of the site.

A small construction workforce is anticipated (less than 20 personnel). There will be no additional operational headcount. The existing access off the industrial estate link road will continue to be used.

Subject to planning permission, license review approval and equipment delivery, construction work is anticipated to commence Q3 2017 with approximately 6-month construction phase and commissioning phase prior to commencement of full operations.

12.5 POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT

12.5.1 Impacts on Habitats

There would be no significant impacts as a result of the proposed development on the Dublin Bay Natura 2000 sites considered in the Appropriate Assessment Screening Report.

There would be no significant impacts as a result of the proposed development on the local ecology.

12.5.2 Impacts on Fauna For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

There would be no significant impacts as a result of the proposed development on fauna.

12.6 REMEDIAL AND MITIGATION MEASURES

Given that there would be no significant impacts on biodiversity, there are no mitigation measures proposed.

12.7 PREDICTED IMPACT OF THE DEVELOPMENT

The development is located in an area of low ecological value and as such will not have significant impacts on the local biodiversity.

The proposed development will not have significant effects on designated sites within 15 km of the development site.

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12.8 REFERENCES

Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government (2010) Guidance on Appropriate Assessment of Plans and Projects in Ireland (as amended February 2010).

EC (2000) Managing Natura 2000 sites: the provisions of Article 6 of the ‘Habitats’ Directive 92/43/EEC.

EC (2001) Assessment of plans and projects significantly affecting Natura 2000 sites: Methodological guidance on the provisions of Article 6(3) and (4) of the Habitats Directive 92/43EEC. European Commission, Brussels.

EC (2007) Guidance document on Article 6(4) of the 'Habitats Directive '92/43/EEC: Clarification of the concepts of: alternative solutions, imperative reasons of overriding public interests, compensatory measures, overall coherence and opinion of the Commission. European Commission, Brussels.

EPA (2002) Guidelines on the Information to be contained in Environmental Impact Statements

EPA (2003) Advice Notes on Current Practice (on the preparation of Environmental Impact Statements

Fossitt, J. (2000) A Guide to Habitats in Ireland. The Heritage Council.

IEEM (2006) Guidelines for Ecological Impact Assessment. Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management.

Nairn, R. and J. Fossitt (2004) The Ecological Impacts of Roads, and an Approach to their Assessment for National Road Schemes. In: J. Davenport and J.L Davenport (eds) The Effects of Human Transport on Ecosystems: Cars and Planes, Boats and For inspection purposes only. Trains, 98-114. Dublin.Consent Royal of copyright Irish owner Academy. required for any other use.

Parnell, J. and T. Curtis (2012) Webb’s An Irish Flora. Cork University Press.

Smith, G.F., O’Donoghue, P., O’Hora, K. and E. Delaney (2011) Best Practice Guidance for Habitat Survey and Mapping. The Heritage Council.

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APPENDIX 12.1 APPROPRIATE ASSESSMENT SCREENING REPORT

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Report for the purposes of Appropriate Assessment Screening

as required under Article 6(3) of the Habitats Directive (Council Directive 92/43/EEC)

Proposed Process Vent Abatement System at Ipsen Manufacturing Ireland Ltd. Blanchardstown Industrial Park

Prepared by: Moore Group – Environmental Services

For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

2nd December 2016

On behalf of Ipsen Manufacturing Ireland Ltd. and Fingal County Council

All maps produced under licence from Ordnance Survey Ireland Licence No. EN 002008© Ordnance Survey Ireland Government of Ireland

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Client Ipsen Manufacturing Ireland Ltd. Project Proposed Process Vent Abatement System at Ipsen Manufacturing Ireland Ltd. Report for Appropriate Assessment Screening Title Proposed Process Vent Abatement System at Ipsen Manufacturing Ireland Ltd. Blanchardstown Industrial Park

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Project Number 16258 Document Reference 16258 Ipsen Process Vent Abatement System AAS1 Rev0.docx

Revision Description Author Date

G. O’Donohoe Rev0 Issued for Client Review 2nd December 2016

Moore Archaeological and Environmental Services Limited

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TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE

1. INTRODUCTION 4

1.1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 4 1.2. LEGISLATIVE BACKGROUND - THE HABITATS AND BIRDS DIRECTIVES 4

2. METHODOLOGY 6

2.1. GUIDANCE 6 2.2. DATA SOURCES 7

3. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 8

4. IDENTIFICATION OF NATURA 2000 SITES 9

4.1. DESCRIPTION OF NATURA SITES POTENTIALLY AFFECTED 9 4.2. ECOLOGICAL NETWORK SUPPORTING NATURA 2000 SITES 11

5. IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS & ASSESSMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE 11

5.1. POTENTIAL IMPACTS 11 5.2. ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL CUMULATIVE EFFECTS 11

6. SCREENING STATEMENT 13 For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. 7. REFERENCES 13

Appendix A: Finding Of No Significant Effects Report

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1. Introduction

1.1. General Introduction

This report contains information required for the competent authority to complete the Appropriate Assessment (AA) process on the effects of a project consisting of a Proposed Process Vent Abatement System at Ipsen Manufacturing Ireland Ltd (IMIL).

Screening is the process that addresses and records the reasoning and conclusions in relation to the first two tests of Article 6(3): I. whether a plan or project is directly connected to or necessary for the management of the site, and II. whether a plan or project, alone or in combination with other plans and projects, is likely to have significant effects on a Natura 2000 site in view of its conservation objectives.

If the effects are deemed to be significant, potentially significant, or uncertain, or the screening process becomes overly complicated, then the process must proceed to Stage 2 (AA). Screening should be undertaken without the inclusion of mitigation, unless potential impacts clearly can be avoided through the modification or redesign of the plan or project, in which case the screening process is repeated on the altered plan or project.

When screening the project there are two possible outcomes:  the project poses no risk of a significant effect and as such requires no further assessment; and For inspection purposes only.  the project has potentialConsent to have of copyright a significant owner required effect for (or any this other is use. uncertain) and AA of the project

is necessary.

This report has been prepared by Moore Group - Environmental Services for IMIL. and Fingal County Council in accordance with Articles 6(3) and 6(4) of the Habitats Directive. The report was compiled by Ger O’Donohoe (B.Sc. Applied Aquatic Sciences (GMIT, 1993) & M.Sc. Environmental Sciences (TCD, 1999)) who has 20 years’ experience in environmental impact assessment and has completed numerous Appropriate Assessment Screening Reports and Natura Impact Statements in terrestrial and aquatic habitats.

1.2. Legislative Background - The Habitats and Birds Directives

The Habitats Directive (Council Directive 92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora) is the main legislative instrument for the protection and conservation of biodiversity in the EU. Under the Directive Member States are obliged to designate Special Areas of Conservation

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(SACs) which contain habitats or species considered important for protection and conservation in a European Union context.

The Birds Directive (Council Directive 79/409/EEC as codified by Directive 2009/147/EC), is concerned with the long-term protection and management of all wild bird species and their habitats in the EU. Among other things, the Directive requires that Special Protection Areas (SPAs) be established to protect migratory species and species which are rare, vulnerable, in danger of extinction, or otherwise require special attention.

Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) designated under the Habitats Directive and Special Protection Areas, designated under the Birds Directive, form a pan-European network of protected sites known as Natura 2000. The Habitats Directive sets out a unified system for the protection and management of SACs and SPAs.

Articles 6(3) and 6(4) of the Habitats Directive set out the requirement for an assessment of proposed plans and projects likely to affect Natura 2000 sites.

Article 6(3) establishes the requirement to screen all plans and projects and to carry out a further assessment if required (Appropriate Assessment (AA)):

Article 6(3): “Any plan or project not directly connected with or necessary to the management of the site but likely to have a significant effect thereon, either individually or in combination with other plans or projects, shall be subjected to an appropriate assessment of its implications for the site in view of For inspection purposes only. the site’s conservation objectives.Consent In light of copyright of the ownerconclusions required for of any the other assessment use. of the implications for the site and subject to the provisions of paragraph 4, the competent national authorities shall agree to the plan or project only after having ascertained that it will not adversely affect the integrity of the site concerned and, if appropriate, after having obtained the opinion of the general public.”

Article 6(4): “If, in spite of a negative assessment of the implications for the site and in the absence of alternative solutions, a plan or project must nevertheless be carried out for imperative reasons of overriding public interest, including those of a social or economic nature, Member States shall take all compensatory measures necessary to ensure that the overall coherence of the Natura 2000 is protected. It shall inform the Commission of the compensatory measures adopted. Where the site concerned hosts a priority natural habitat type and/or a priority species the only considerations which may be raised are those relating to human health or public safety, to the beneficial consequences of primary importance for the environment or, further to an opinion from the Commission, to other imperative reasons of overriding public interest.”

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This report contains information required for Fingal County Council to undertake screening for AA for a Proposed Process Vent Abatement System at IMIL., referred to in this case as the Project.

2. Methodology

The Commission’s methodological guidance (EC, 2002) promotes a four-stage process to complete the AA, and outlines the issues and tests at each stage. An important aspect of the process is that the outcome at each successive stage determines whether a further stage in the process is required.

Stages 1-2 deal with the main requirements for assessment under Article 6(3). Stage 3 may be part of Article 6(3) or may be a necessary precursor to Stage 4. Stage 4 is the main derogation step of Article 6(4).

Stage 1 Screening: This stage examines the likely effects of a project either alone or in combination with other projects upon a Natura 2000 site and considers whether it can be objectively concluded that these effects will not be significant.

Stage 2 Appropriate Assessment: In this stage, there is a consideration of the impact of the project with a view to ascertain whether there will be any adverse effect on the integrity of the Natura 2000 site with respect to the conservation objectives of the site.

Stage 3 Assessment of Alternative Solutions: This stage examines alternative ways of implementing For inspection purposes only. the project that, where possible, avoidConsent anyof copyright adverse owner impacts required for on any the other integrity use. of the Natura 2000 site.

Stage 4 Assessment where no alternative solutions exist and where adverse impacts remain: Where imperative reasons of overriding public interest (IROPI) exist, an assessment to consider whether compensatory measures will or will not effectively offset the damage to the sites will be necessary.

In order to ensure that the Project complies fully with the requirements of Article 6 of the Habitats Directive and all relevant Irish transposing legislation, Moore Group carried out this report for screening of the Project.

2.1. Guidance

The AA has been compiled in accordance with guidance contained in the following documents:

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 Appropriate Assessment of Plans and Projects in Ireland - Guidance for Planning Authorities. (Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government, 2010 rev.).  Appropriate Assessment under Article 6 of the Habitats Directive: Guidance for Planning Authorities. Circular NPWS 1/10 & PSSP 2/10.  Assessment of Plans and Projects Significantly Affecting Natura 2000 sites: Methodological Guidance on the Provisions of Article 6(3) and (4) of the Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC (European Commission Environment Directorate-General, 2001); hereafter referred to as the EC Article Guidance Document.  Managing Natura 2000 Sites: The Provisions of Article 6 of the Habitat’s Directive 92/43/EEC (EC Environment Directorate-General, 2000); hereafter referred to as MN2000.

2.2. Data Sources

Sources of information that were used to collect data on the Natura 2000 network of sites are listed below:  Ordnance Survey of Ireland mapping and aerial photography available from www.osi.ie and Bing and Google Earth aerial photography (2016).  Online data available on Natura 2000 sites as held by the National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS) from www.npws.ie including; the Natura 2000 network Data Form; Site Synopsis; Generic Conservation Objective data; o Online database of rare, threatened and protected species, o Publicly accessible biodiversity datasets.  Status of EU Protected Habitats in Ireland. (National Parks & Wildlife Service, 2013), For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.  Relevant Development Plans and Local Area Plans in neighbouring areas.

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3. Description of the Project

The project comprises a new process vent abatement system at the IMIL facility, Figures 1 and 2. The proposed development will entail installation of the new system and a new emissions stack. There will be limited disturbance of existing site. A small construction workforce is anticipated. There will be no additional operational headcount. The existing access off the industrial estate link road will continue to be used. Subject to planning permission and equipment delivery construction work is anticipated in mid to late 2017 with approximately 6-month construction phase and commissioning phase prior to commencement of full operations.

For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

Figure 1. Site Location at Blanchardstown Industrial Park in northwest Co. Dublin.

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Building 1

Tank Farm / Waste Management

Building 2

Building 3

Building 4 Approximate location of proposed process vent abatement system

Figure 2. Showing habitats in the development area (site applicable to planning application outlined in red) (adapted from Google Maps).

4. Identification of Natura 2000 Sites For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

4.1. Description of Natura Sites Potentially Affected

There are seven Natura 2000 sites located within a 15km zone of influence of the Project:

 000205 Malahide Estuary SAC  004025 Malahide Estuary SPA  000206 North Dublin Bay SAC  000210 South Dublin Bay SAC  001398 Ryewater Valley/Carton SAC  004006 North Bull Island SPA  004024 South Dublin Bay and River Tolka Estuary SPA

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The proposed development site has limited biological and no hydrological connectivity to these Natura 2000 sites.

The location of the development site is presented in Figure 3 below in relation to the Natura 2000 sites considered within the potential zone of influence.

Malahide Estuary SAC/SPA

Site Location

Royal Canal pNHA North Dublin Bay SAC For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. North Bull Island SPA

Rye Water Valley/Carton SAC South Dublin Bay & River Tolka Estuary SPA

South Dublin Bay SAC Grand Canal pNHA

Figure 3. Site Location at IMIL in relation to Natura 2000 sites within a 15 km radius.

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4.2. Ecological Network Supporting Natura 2000 Sites

An analysis of the proposed Natural Heritage Areas and designated Natural Heritage Areas in terms of their role in supporting the species using Natura 2000 sites was undertaken. It was assumed that these supporting roles mainly related to mobile fauna such as mammals and birds which may use pNHAs and NHAs as “stepping stones” between Natura 2000 sites.

Article 10 of the Habitats Directive and the Habitats Regulations 2011 place a high degree of importance on such non-Natura 2000 areas as features that connect the Natura 2000 network. Features such as ponds, woodlands and important hedgerows were taken into account during the rest of the AA process. Each of the Natura 2000 SACs listed are also proposed Natural Heritage Areas and as such are addressed under the Natura 2000 designation.

There are no other NHAs or pNHA with biological or hydrological connectivity that would be affected by the proposed development.

5. Identification of Potential Impacts & Assessment of Significance

5.1. Potential Impacts

The proposed development site has limited biological and no hydrological connectivity to the Natura 2000 sites considered in a 15 km zone of influence.

For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Given the low impact type of works proposed and the lack of biological and hydrological connectivity to these sites, it can be stated with a high degree of certainty that there will be no significant impact in these Natura 2000 sites if the proposed development were to proceed.

5.2. Assessment of Potential Cumulative Effects

Cumulative impacts or effects are changes in the environment that result from numerous human- induced, small-scale alterations. Cumulative impacts can be thought of as occurring through two main pathways: first, through persistent additions or losses of the same materials or resource, and second, through the compounding effects as a result of the coming together of two or more effects.

As part of the Screening for an Appropriate Assessment, in addition to the proposed works, other relevant projects and plans in the region must also be considered at this stage. This step aims to identify

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The Fingal County Development Plan 2011-2017 contains policies and objectives with regard to sustainable planning and development in regard to the protection and conservation of Natura 2000 sites.

A review of the Fingal County Council Planning Portal revealed that there have been 37 Planning Applications for the entry ‘Snugborough’, in which the project site is located, for the past three years to date. There have been six applications for the project site which have been granted permission with conditions relating to inter alia the appropriate discharge of surface and waste water.

If any new or existing projects include similar conditions with regard to the appropriate discharge of surface and waste water, there will be no in-combination effects.

Table 1. Site specific planning applications for IMIL for the past 3 years. Ref. No. Description Location FW14A/0063 Permission for development that will Blanchardstown Industrial Park, consist of (1. ) material change of use. Snugborough Road, Blanchardstown, Dublin 15 DAC/073/14 Material alterations & mezzanine Ipsen Manufacturing Ireland Ltd, extension of an existing industrial Blanchardstown Industrial Park, unit. Blanchardstown, Dublin 15 FW15A/0115 The construction of a new two storey Blanchardstown Industrial Park, Pharmaceutical manufacturing Snugborough Road, Blanchardstown,

building For inspection purposes only. Dublin 15 15/4175 The proposedConsent works of consistcopyright ownerof the required forBuilding any other use. 4, Ipsen Manufacturing Ireland

construction of a new building - Ltd., Blanchardstown Industrial Park, Building 4. Blanchardstown, Dublin 15. 15DR/021 The proposed works consist of the Building 4, Ipsen Manufacturing Ireland construction of a new building - Ltd., Blanchardstown Industrial Park, Building 4 Blanchardstown, Dublin 15. DAC/177/15 The proposed works consist of the Building 4 - Lyophilisation Suite, Ipsen construction of a new pharmaceutical Manufacturing Ireland Ltd., building Blanchardstown Industrial Park, Blanchardstown, Dublin 15.

Any new applications for the project area will be assessed on a case by case basis by Fingal County Council which will determine the requirement for AA Screening as per the requirements of Article 6(3) of the Habitats Directive.

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6. Screening Statement

The proposed development site has limited biological and no hydrological connectivity to the Natura 2000 sites considered in a 15 km zone of influence.

It has been objectively concluded by Moore Group Environmental Services that:

1. The project is not directly connected with, or necessary to the conservation management of the European sites considered in this assessment. 2. The implementation of the project will not have a direct impact on the European sites considered in this assessment. 3. The proposed development will not significantly alter ground or surface water in the area and no pollution of surface or ground water is predicted, it will therefore avoid indirectly impacting on the European sites considered in this assessment. 4. The project, alone or in combination with other projects or plans, is not likely to have a significant effect on the European sites considered in this assessment in view of their conservation objectives.

For inspection purposes only. It is the view of Moore Group EnvironConsentmental of copyright Services owner required that it for is any not other necessary use. to undertake any further stage of the Appropriate Assessment process.

A finding of no significant effects report is presented in Appendix A in accordance with the EU Commission’s methodological guidance (European Commission, 2001).

7. References

Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government (2010) Guidance on Appropriate Assessment of Plans and Projects in Ireland (as amended February 2010).

European Commission (2000) Managing Natura 2000 sites: the provisions of Article 6 of the ‘Habitats’ Directive 92/43/EEC.

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European Commission Environment DG (2001) Assessment of plans and projects significantly affecting Natura 2000 sites: Methodological guidance on the provisions of Article 6(3) and (4) of the Habitats Directive 92/43EEC. European Commission, Brussels.

European Commission (2007) Guidance document on Article 6(4) of the 'Habitats Directive '92/43/EEC: Clarification of the concepts of: alternative solutions, imperative reasons of overriding public interests, compensatory measures, overall coherence and opinion of the Commission. European Commission, Brussels.

Fingal Development Plan 2011 - 2017 Natura Impact Statement.

NPWS (2013) The Status of EU Protected Habitats and Species in Ireland. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin.

For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

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Appendix A FINDING OF NO SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS REPORT Finding no significant effects report matrix

Name of project or plan Proposed Process Vent Abatement System at IMIL

Name and location of the Natura 2000 site(s)

There are seven Natura 2000 sites located within a 15km zone of influence of the Project:

Description of the project or plan

The project comprises a new process vent abatement system at the Ipsen Manufacturing Ireland (IMIL) facility, Figures 1 and 2. The proposed development will entail installation of the new system and a new emissions stack. There will be limited disturbance of existing site. A small construction workforce is anticipated. There will be no additional operational headcount. The existing access off the industrial estate link road will continue to be used. Subject to planning permission and equipment delivery construction work is anticipated in mid to late 2017 with approximately 6-month construction phase and commissioning phase prior to commencement of full operations.

Is the project or plan directly connected with or necessary to the management of the site(s) For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. No

Are there other projects or plans that together with the projects or plan being assessed could affect the site

The Fingal County Development Plan 2011-2017 contains policies and objectives with regard to sustainable planning and development in regard to the protection and conservation of Natura 2000 sites.

A review of the Fingal County Council Planning Portal revealed that there have been 37 Planning Applications for the entry ‘Snugborough’, in which the project site is located, for the past three years to date. There have been four applications for the project site which have been granted permission with conditions relating to inter alia the appropriate discharge of surface and waste water.

If any new or existing projects include similar conditions with regard to the appropriate discharge of surface and waste water, there will be no in-combination effects.

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The assessment of significance of effects

Describe how the project or plan (alone or in combination) is likely to affect the Natura 2000 site.

The proposed development site has limited biological and no hydrological connectivity to the Natura 2000 sites considered in a 15 km zone of influence.

Explain why these effects are not considered significant.

List of agencies consulted: provide contact name and telephone or e-mail address

Fingal County Council Planning Section

Response to consultation

The need for AA Screening was determined through pre-planning consultation.

Data collected to carry out the assessment

Who carried out the assessment

Moore Group Environmental Services.

For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Sources of data

NPWS database of designated sites at www.npws.ie National Biodiversity Data Centre database http://maps.biodiversityireland.ie

Level of assessment completed

Desktop Assessment.

Where can the full results of the assessment be accessed and viewed

Fingal County Council Planning Section.

Overall Conclusions

The proposed development site has limited biological and no hydrological connectivity to the Natura 2000 sites considered in a 15 km zone of influence.

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It has been objectively concluded by Moore Group Environmental Services that:

It is the view of Moore Group Environmental Services that it is not necessary to undertake any further stage of the Appropriate Assessment process.

For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use.

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