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Insights Into the Feeding Behavior of Madagascarophis Meridionalis Domergue, 1987, from Isalo, Madagascar

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Insights Into the Feeding Behavior of Madagascarophis Meridionalis Domergue, 1987, from Isalo, Madagascar All_Short_Notes_SHORT_NOTE.qxd 08.08.2016 11:17 Seite 27 SHORT NOTE HERPETOZOA 29 (1/2) Wien, 30. Juli 2016 SHORT NOTE 103 hindlimb), which is known as “Wolterstorff Insights into the feeding behavior Index” (cf. WOlTERSTORff 1923). This ap - of Madagascarophis meridionalis proach, which is comparable to the “heel- test”, yielded a maximum error rate of 31 % DOMERGuE , 1987, from Isalo, (ARNTZEN & W AllIS 1999: 185). Compared Madagascar to the error rate of the “heel test”, which was 65 % in the grown Common frogs tested, it Madagascar has a rich and diverse col - must be concluded that the “heel test” ubrid snake fauna numbering about 80 cur - threshold values cannot be valid, at least for rently described species. Although recent the populations studied where it turned out years have seen major advances in the to be an unreliable method for the identifica - understanding of Malagasy snake systemat - tion of Rana temporaria . ics as well as the description of several new ACKNOWlEDGMENTS: The underlying taxa (e.g., NAGY et al. 2003, 2007, 2012; work for this paper was made within the framework of GlAW & V ENCES 2007; f RANZEN et al. 2009; a high school thesis (fachbereichsarbeit: Die fersen - GlAW et al. 2007, 2009, 2013, 2014; VIEITES probe beim Grasfrosch Rana temporaria (lINNAEuS , et al. 2010), there is still little knowledge 1758) - Qualität und Aussagekraft als Bestimmungs - merkmal) as a part of the final high school examination about the behavior or ecology of most spe - passed in 2014 at the “St. Karl”, Privates Oberstufen - cies. The present note provides insights into realgymnasium in Volders, Tyrol. The author would the feeding behavior of a little-known lam - like to thank especially the mentoring teacher Guenter prophiid species endemic to south-western KREWEDl (Kematen) for his pleasant supervision and and south-central Madagascar, Madagascar - expertise, but also Walter HöDl (Wien) and Heinz OMERGuE GRIllITSCH (Wien) for their help to publish the result of ophis meridionalis D , 1987. the fieldwork in this short note. The genus Madagascarophis MER- REfERENCES: ARNTZEN , J. W. & W AllIS , G. TENS , 1952, comprises four recognized spe - P. (1999): Geographic variation and taxonomy of crest - cies ( GlAW et al. 2013) of crepuscular and ed newts ( Triturus cristatus superspecies): morpholog - nocturnal snakes with highly varied diets: ical and mitochondrial DNA data.- Contributions to recorded prey items include frogs, lizards, Zoology, Amsterdam; 68: 181-203. CABElA , A. & ADlE GRIllITSCH , H. (2001): Verbreitung und ökologie der snakes and birds ( C 2003). Mada - Amphibien und Reptilien: Amphibien; pp. 164-441. In: gascarophis meridionalis is largely known CABElA , A. & G RIllITSCH , H. & T IE DEMANN , f .: Atlas from the arid spiny forests of south-western zur Verbreitung und ökologie der Amphibien und Madagascar, but specimens from the Isalo Reptilien in österreich. Auswertung der Herpeto - Massif and further east (Andringitra faunistischen Datenbank der Herpetologischen Samm - lung des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. Wien National Park) have also been identified as (umweltbundesamt).: 386-401, Wien: umweltbundes - M. meridionalis , using nuclear and mito - amt. GOllMANN , B. & B ORKIN , l. & G ROSSENBACHER , chondrial markers ( NAGY et al. 2007, 2013). K. & W EDDElING , K. (2014): Rana temporaria lIN- A telemetry study on the spatial ecolo - NAEuS , 1758 – Grasfrosch; pp. 305-437. In: GROSSEN- gy of the Rainbow frog, Scaphiophryne gott - BACHER , K. (Ed.): Handbuch der Reptilien und Am - phibien Europas. Band 5/III A, froschlurche (Anura) lebei BuSSE & BöHME , 1992 ( ANDREONE et III A, (Ranidae I). Wiebelsheim (Aula Verlag). lAND- al. 2013) carried out in the Isalo Massif (fiana - MANN , A. & f ISCHlER , D . (2000): Verbreitung, Be - rantsoa Province, Antsohy fivondro nona, standssituation und Habitatansprüche von Amphibien Ranohira firaisana) revealed some informa - im mittleren Tiroler Inntal und angrenzenden Mittel - gebirgsterrassen.- Natur in Tirol, Innsbruck; 8: 1-158. tion on the species’ interspecific interac - NöllERT , A. & N öllERT , C. (1992): Die Amphibien tions. One of the radio-tracked individuals Europas. Stuttgart (franckh-Kosmos), pp. 382. WOl- was consumed by a juvenile M. meridiona - TERSTORff , W. (1923): Übersicht der unterarten und lis [not M. colubrinus (SCHlEGEl 1837), as formen des Triton cristatus lAuR .- Blätter für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde, Stuttgart; 34: 120-126. previously reported; ANDREONE et al. 2013], later captured on 15 february 2011 near KEY WORDS: Amphibia: Anura: Ranidae; Malaso canyon (22°35,49’S; 45°21,44’E) Rana temporaria ; brown frogs; “heel test”; morpholo - gy, morphometry, identification, field herpetology; The (fig. 1). The specimen is currently pre - Tyrol, Austria served at the Parc Botanique et Zoolo gique SuBMITTED: November 14, 2014 de Tzimbazaza (Antananarivo, Madagascar) under the provisional code fAZC 14788. AuTHOR: Thomas M. HuBER – Stainerstraße 22b, 6067 Absam, Austria < thomas.m.huber@tum. On 12 february 2011, an adult indi - de > vidual of M. meridionalis was observed All_Short_Notes_SHORT_NOTE.qxd 08.08.2016 11:17 Seite 28 104 SHORT NOTE HERPETOZOA 29 (1/2) Wien, 30. Juli 2016 SHORT NOTE fig. 1: Juvenile of Madagascarophis meridionalis DOMERGuE , 1987, captured after consumption of an adult Scaphiophryne gottlebei BuSSE & BöHME , 1992, being radio-tracked. The figure shows the transmitter that was attached to the frog inside the snake’s digestive tract. Photo by P. Eusebio Bergò. preying on an adult Mantidactylus sp. aff. species in Anjofo canyon (Andrianomane - femoralis (BOulENGER , 1882) (fig. 2). This ro), Isalo Massif (22°22,01’S; 45°21,96’E). is a locally common water-dwelling frog The snake was spotted already with half of fig. 2: Madagascarophis meridionalis DOMERGuE , 1987, consuming an adult Mantidactylus sp. aff. femoralis (BOulENGER , 1882) in Anjofo canyon (Andrianomanero), Isalo Massif, Madagascar. A-B – the snake swallows the frog head first; C – the individual writhes its body to facilitate the passage of the prey to the stomach. Photos by P. Eusebio Bergò. All_Short_Notes_SHORT_NOTE.qxd 08.08.2016 11:17 Seite 29 SHORT NOTE HERPETOZOA 29 (1/2) Wien, 30. Juli 2016 SHORT NOTE 105 fig. 3: Madagascarophis meridionalis DOMERGuE , 1987, swimming (A) and foraging (B) in a stream in the Namazaha Valley, Isalo Massif, Madagascar. Photos by l. Jasper. the frog body in its mouth. The episode 850 m a.s.l.). The snake was actively forag - subsequently lasted for about five minutes ing within a small rocky stream. upon the (from 18:36 to 18:41), before the snake had first encounter, the animal was entirely sub - completely swallowed the frog. merged and remained underwater for at On 4 January 2013, at 09:25, another least 30 seconds, during which time it adult individual of M. meridionalis was en - repeatedly inserted its head between and countered in Namazaha Valley, also within under rocks in search of prey. When it the Isalo Massif (22°32.24’S; 45°22.17’E, emerged it continued to move along the All_Short_Notes_SHORT_NOTE.qxd 08.08.2016 11:17 Seite 30 106 SHORT NOTE HERPETOZOA 29 (1/2) Wien, 30. Juli 2016 SHORT NOTE stream for several minutes with its head Norte), under the National Strategic Reference frame - above water (fig. 3) until when (perhaps work (NSRf), through the European Regional De - disturbed by our presence) it left the stream velopment fund (ERDf). REfERENCES: ANDREONE , f. & B ERGò , P. E. and sought refuge under some dense water - & M ERCuRIO , V. & R OSA , G. M. (2013): Spatial ecolo - side vegetation. It was still present under gy of Scaphiophryne gottlebei in the canyons of the this vegetation an hour later. The authors Isalo Massif, Madagascar.- Herpetologica, lawrence; presume that the snake was searching for 69 (1): 11-21. CADlE , J. E. (20 03): Colubridae, Snakes; pp. 997-1004. In: GOODMAN , S. M. & B ENSTEAD , J. P. frogs, or perhaps their eggs or tadpoles, (Eds.): The natural history of Madagascar; Chicago because no aquatic lizards are known from (The university of Chicago Press). fRANZEN , M. & this region and these snakes are not known JONES , J. & R ASElIMANANA , A. P. & N AGY , Z. T. & to eat invertebrates. D’C RuZE , N. & G lAW , f. & V ENCES , M. (2009): A new black-bellied snake (Pseudoxyrhophiinae: Liophidium ) The diurnal, active foraging observed from western Madagascar, with notes on the genus seems unusual in the genus Madagascar - Pararhadinaea .- Amphibia-Reptilia, leiden; 30: 173- ophis , which is known to be primarily noc - 183. GlAW , f. & KuCHARZEWSKI , C. & NAGY , Z. T. & HAWlITSCHEK , O. & VENCES , M. (2014): New insights turnal or crepuscular ( CADlE 2003; G lAW & into the systematics and molecular phylogeny of the VENCES 2007). Interesting to note though Malagasy snake genus Liopholidophis suggest at least that the Namazaha valley is a very narrow, one rapid reversal of extreme sexual dimorphism in tail steep-sided canyon, and by this time of the length. - Organisms, Diversity & Evolution , Berlin, Heidelberg ; 14 (1): 121-132 . GlAW , f. & N AGY , Z. T. morning had not received any direct sun - & f RANZEN , M. & V ENCES , M. (2007): Molecular phy - light. Amongst other Malagasy snakes, Lio - logeny and systematics of the pseudoxyrhophiine pholidophis sexlineatus (GÜNTHER , 1882) is snake genus Liopholidophis (Reptilia, Colubridae): semiaquatic and Thamnosophis lateralis evolution of its exceptional sexual dimorphism and descriptions of new taxa.- Zoologica Scripta, Oxford; (DuMéRIl
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