NOVEMBER 1975 contents

mmisTfy VOL. 48, NO. 11______The Pastor as Administrator 5 D. REX EDWARDS International Journal of the Seventh-day Adventist Ministry The 1975 Bible Lands Tour 9 LAWRENCE T. GERATY Editorial Director: "The Common Catechism" 12 RAOUL DEDEREN N. R. Dower Editor: Slapstick in the Sanctuary 14 FREDERICK DIAZ J. R. Spangler Executive Editors: The Irreducible Minimum 16 THOMAS A. DAVIS O. M. Berg Leo R. Van Dolson The Downfall of Scriptural Geology 19 WARREN H. JOHNS Health Editor: J. Wayne McFarland, M.D. Psychological Processes in Associate Editors: E. E. Cleveland R. Dedere©n Conversion 22 COLIN D. STANDISH H. Habenicht, M.D. M. G. Hardinge, M.D. A Cry in the Night 24 ROBERT H. PARR A. E. Schmidt Assistant Editor: Does Good Religion Include Good Shirley Welch Editorial Assistant: Health? 26 J. W. MC FARLAND Marta Milliard Editorial Secretary: Victory Over Fatigue 30 G. ROBERT ELLIS Hazel Bowen Designer: To Peel or Not to Peel 33 ALLAN R. MAGIE G. W. Busch

Once Saved, Always Saved? 35 ROBERT SHANK

Printed monthly for the Min Zechariah Visions of Victory 38 LEO R. VAN DOLSON isterial Association of Seventh- day Adventists by the Review and Herald Publishing Asso The Night the Stars Fell 41 ARTHUR GORDON ciation, 6856 Eastern Avenue NW., Washington, D.C. 20012, U.S.A. $8.95 a year; 75c a copy. Price may vary where national currencies are different. For each subscription to go to 9 Biblical Archeology 48 News Briefs a foreign country or Canada, add 75c postage. THE MINISTRY is a member of the Associated 41 By His Side 44 Recommended Reading Church Press and is indexed in the Seventh-day Adventist Periodical Index. Second-class 3 Editorials 19 Science and Religion postage paid at Washington, D.C. Editorial office: 6840 Eastern Avenue NW., Washing 30 Health and Religion 45 Shop Talk ton, D.C. 20012. Unsolicited manuscripts are welcome, but will be accepted without remuneration and will be returned only if accompanied by a stamped, self-addressed envelope.

2/The Ministry/November, 1975 " ©How is it,© . . . ©that this untrained These two followers of Christ should man has such learning?©" (John 7:15 have been aware of the clear teaching N.E.B.). This question obviously did not of the Scriptures. Hadn©t they listened imply that Christ was illiterate, but to Jesus months before as He plainly rather that He had no formal theologi explained what the prophets had to say cal training. Even as a 12-year-old about His death, burial, and resurrec child He astounded the church©s best it.vfor tion? Now their minds were confused minds with His questions and answers. Spiritual because they did not clearly sense the The deep truths He skillfully brought import of what Jesus had been saying. to the surface by His innocent questions Dullness Emotions and feelings ruled their intrigued His erudite audience. "All thoughts, preventing them from grasp that heard him were astonished at his ing that which would have been so understanding and answers" (Luke comforting to them in their time of 2:47). bitter disappointment. Christ did not enter our world with a The Saviour longed to help them in head and heart filled with knowledge their distress. Yet He chose not to do and wisdom. In assuming the garb of what most of us would have done. humanity His spiritual, mental, physi Rather than open their eyes at this cal, and social powers expanded by His point He seemingly added to their dis conformity and obedience to those prin comfort by chiding, " ©How dull you ciples that govern all human develop are!©" (verse 25, N.E.B.). He hastened ment (see Luke 2:52). to show them what He meant: " ©How When tempted by Satan in the wil slow to believe all that the prophets derness, Jesus responded: "It is written, said!©" There followed a thorough That man shall not live by bread alone, study of Old Testament prophecies: but by every word of God" (Luke 4:4). "He began with Moses and all the These same words had been given by prophets, and explained to them the Christ through Moses to the children of passages which referred to himself in Israel nearly fifteen centuries before every part of the scriptures" (verse (see Deut. 8:3). It is an unchangeable, 27, N.E.B.). eternal principle that proper study of Note that Jesus did not perform a Scriptures will result in spiritual miracle. He did not philosophize or growth. In fact, this is the only certain psychologize. Nor did He quote the way to spiritual growth. writings of other men, good as they Opinions of men, deductions of may have been, outside the Scriptures. science, and declarations of ecclesiasti Rather He riveted their minds on the cal councils must be subject to a plain words by which a man must live. He "thus saith the Lord." Our Saviour showed that the Scriptures, not their learned the Scriptures from childhood. feelings and senses, were the very He understood that the Bible is our only strongest foundation for their faith safeguard against error and delusion. and mental stability. Here was the Note Christ©s reply to the wily Saddu- only remedy for their depressing dull cees who tried to trip Him on a sticky ness. theological question: " ©You are mis What was the result? When their taken, and surely this is the reason: eyes were finally opened and they joy you do not know either the scriptures or ously rushed back over those seven the power of God©" (Mark 12:24, miles to Jerusalem they exclaimed: N.E.B.). " ©Did we not feel our hearts on fire as One day Jesus joined a gloomy pair he talked with us on the road and ex of His followers on the road to Emmaus plained the scriptures to us?©" (verse and began to question them. These 32, N.E.B.). When did their hearts glow disciples were not discussing the with the warmth of understanding and Roman political situation, Jerusalem©s love? Before their eyes were opened! overcrowded conditions, the inflation When the Word was expounded, then ary trend of the shekel, or even the came this thrilling experience. weather. They showed a deep concern. It is a simple but profound truth that As Jesus joined them He listened to lives are touched and changed through their discussion, which centered on the the preaching of the Word. crucifixion. After some time He inter Christ©s regard for the truth revealed rupted to ask why they were talking in the Old Testament is summed up in the way they were. Cleopas turned and Luke 16:31, "If they hear not Moses and perhaps tearfully asked, " ©Are you the the prophets, neither will they be per only person staying in Jerusalem not to suaded, though one rose from the know what has happened there in the dead." Need it be pointed out how mul last few days?© " (Luke 24:18, N.E.B.). titudes today would choose as a basis The Ministry/November, 1975/3 for their faith some miracle or ecstatic Bible. The preacher who attempts to experience rather than the simple, keep up with all the religious concepts plain "It is written"? and interpretations of Scripture pour We are informed that in these last ing from publishing houses today will days great delusions are certain to probably have little or no time to study come. The antichrist will perform the Book for himself. This is not in marvelous works in our sight. Multi tended to be wholesale condemnation tudes will be swept off their feet. Truth of all religious books outside the Bible. will be so closely counterfeited by We recommend many in our magazine. error that the only possibility of de But it is an appeal for sharp discern lineating between the two will be ment and discrimination in what we through the microscope of Scripture. read, in order to be able to spend more Bible testimony must test every con of our energy and time in Bible study. cept and miracle. How earnestly we The authoritative, infallible revela as ministers should fortify our own tion of God must be our source of minds and the minds of our parishioners power, our standard of right and with the Written Word. wrong. Certainly the mind, fickle as it If we are to interest our members in is, cannot know the right way unless the Scriptures we must first demon controlled by Biblical principles. To strate a real interest in and love for avoid spiritual dullness and to gain a the study of the Scriptures ourselves. If living experience with the Lord, we our hearts are on fire with the Word our leaders of the flock must spend several people will recognize it and long for a hours each day in intensive study of similar experience. the Word. j. R. s. A word of caution. It is totally in Texts credited to N.E.B. are from The New English Bible. © The Delegates of the Oxford University Press and the sufficient merely to keep abreast with Syndics of the Cambridge University Press 1970. Reprinted by what others have to say about the permission.

WHAT A man! What a pastor! Who congregation, that I may consume can read the story of Moses without be What them as in a moment" (verse 45). But ing deeply moved by his love and devo Moses would not resign his people to tion to the great congregation that was a Man! such a fate. His love for them and the his? What an encouragement it is to pas cause they represented was much more tors today. Within Moses© flock were all meaningful to him than any personal sorts of people unappreciative, critical, abuse. Allowing no time for reflecting faithless but like the Chief Shepherd, on his own hurt, he had Aaron take the he loved them with a love that never censor "and make an atonement for failed. them." At Kadesh-barnea, Korah, Dathan, Already 14,700 had died of the plague, and Abiram, emulating Lucifer before but through the forgiving, compassion the God of creation, accused Moses and ate intervention of Moses and his Aaron of assuming too much authority. brother "the plague was stayed." Moses reasoned with them openly and The greatest evidence of true, dedi frankly and then gave them until the cated leadership on the part of a pastor next day to think it over and to pray is perhaps his willingness to carry on about it. But the sore festered and they his loving ministry in behalf of his peo became only more determined in their ple when he is misunderstood, his true ways. Because of this and for the good motives questioned, and his work seem of the people, drastic measures became ingly unappreciated. necessary. Through their supernatural How many pastors through the years deaths, it became evident that they had have desired other parishes or become been fighting against God. discouraged and quit because of It would seem that the leadership role thoughtless, overtalkative, or even con of Moses would now be forever fully niving souls whom Satan has used to justified in the eyes of the congregation. hinder rather than help. But this need Instead, "On the morrow all the congre not be. Read again the account of Moses gation . . . murmured against Moses and or Paul and, above all, that of Jesus against Aaron, saying, Ye have killed Christ. Having done this, what else can the people of the Lord" (verse 41). we do but carry on in the same self- Then God called Moses and Aaron, sacrificing, forgiving spirit, trusting in saying, "Get you up from among this the grace of Christ. o. M. B. 4/The Ministry/November, 1975 administration. Yet they realize that administration is important. The Pastor In this article I propose to deal with two issues. First, a proper understand as Church ing of the meaning and values of church administration, and second, a proper relating of this function to the pastor©s total ministry. Church Administration Theologically Oriented Church administration suffers pri marily from two abuses, namely, a misunderstanding of its essential na ture and a perversion of its potential values. Some pastors become frus HARTZELL SPENCE sets forth the D. REX EDWARDS trated because they perceive adminis essential qualifications of the minister tration to be mere mechanical proce in the following way: "To be worth his dures and methods, a necessary evil in salt, a preacher must be sincerely an otherwise "spiritual ministry." pious, narrow to the point of bigotry in Others go blindly "using" people for his private life, a master politician with the sake of statistical goals and "busy both his parish and the higher church ness." organization, and a financial juggler However, administration does not just one step up the heavenly ladder have to contribute to the "virtual pa from Wall Street. Above all, he must ralysis of self-preoccupation, the or have a quick wit, the courage of a first- ganizational sclerosis, the hardening century martyr, and a stomach that of the institutional arteries." 5 At its will not complain of meager rations. If best it becomes the way the church re he possesses these qualities and a wife news itself for its work of ministry. who will neither offend anyone nor out Perhaps the key to the administra shine her husband, he is eligible for a tive dilemma is to be found in the country parish." 1 minister and his concept of adminis Additional qualifications are needed tration. Administration is not oiling for the urban parishes and higher of Rex Edwards is a ecclesiastical machinery or spinning fices. "An unimpeachable respect for member of the fac ulty of the Depart wheels of organization, but it is the his own ability, the oratorical fire of ment of Religion at body of Christ equipping itself for mis Savonarola, the organizational genius Columbia Union sion. of a minority politician, and, if possi College, When church tasks proliferate or be- ble, a couple of sons studying for the ministry. If, in addition, he is adept at flattery, he may eventually become a bishop." 2 If such a standard were to become the professional norm for the ministry, then the aspirant for the ecclesiastical cloth might weigh himself in the light of the expectations and be "found want ing"! Notwithstanding, many ministers feel and are sensitive to the pressures of a "perplexed profession" 3 straddling the horns of the ministerial dilemma: priority of task. In Samuel Blizzard©s study of minis terial roles, the ministers ranked the traditional roles of preacher, pastor, and priest as the most important and rewarding functions, while adminis tration ranked next to last. On the other hand, when the ministers re ported how much time was actually spent in the various functions, admin istration topped the list.4 Most minis ters are not satisfied with the dispro portionate amount of time given to The Ministry/November, 1975/5 to the "spiritual" ministries of the pas tor. Rather it is the spiritual oversight of the church, with a view to leading God©s people to "grow up in Christ" in the very performance of the church©s ministry. The ministry developed in the New Testament on the basis of needs (see Acts 6). Its development was charac terized by function and flexibility. There is no "blueprint" nor organiza tional chart available in the New Tes tament. Attempts to bring order to its activities were made from the stand point of the practical. Changes were made to fulfill need, not to create of fices. The main things to be noted about the administration of the New Testament are the flexibility of its structure, the genuineness of men©s trust in God and love for each other, the awareness of the church as a Spirit- filled community, and the ever-present "functional" approach. Administration is not a fixed, static method of doing things, but is closely related to minis tering, or serving. Essentials for Spiritual Administration If spiritual values are to be realized in church administration certain basic presuppositions are necessary. 1. There must be a proper under standing of the nature of the church and its ministry, for the pastor©s min istry is the church©s ministry. The church is first of all a spiritual fellow ship of redeemed persons.7 come traditional or routine, it is salu Surprisingly, 2. A proper concept of personal tary to hold them up under the light of there is a values is necessary for the realization Christian understanding and examine Biblical basis of spiritual goals in church promotion. them in terms of ultimate gospel goals. for church Administration is not the psychological In the true sense, church administra administration. manipulation of people to achieve sta tion is actual involvement in the ac tistical and mechanical ends. It should complishment of gospel goals, and it be related to the growth of persons must be judged, evaluated, and clari who have been called by Christ, who fied by Biblical realities. loves them for their own sakes. Surprisingly, there is a Biblical basis 3. A sound philosophy of activity is for church administration. The New essential in the church. There are two Testament church organized to perform extreme views concerning activity in its ministry in meeting the needs that the church the philosophy of "activ arose in the church and in the commu ism," which assumes that mere busy nity. The "bishops" or "overseers" ness in the church is a sign of spiritual were the respected appointed leaders progress, and the philosophy of "pas- of the churches. The term episkopos, sivism," which assumes that quiet con usually translated "bishop" or "over templation and withdrawal from the seer," may well be translated "adminis world is the answer to the world©s trator." "Bishop" was probably synony needs. mous with "elder" or "presbyter" in 4. In the pursuit of spiritual goals in many instances.6 His functional role is, church administration the proper relat according to Luke, to feed and lead ing of techniques to motivations is (Acts 20:28). necessary. In an industrial age there is Church administration must never a tendency for the church to take the be perceived as "secular," in contrast cue from business administration in 6/The Ministry/November, 1975 the pursuit of its task, viz., the "suc The best the helpful ideas obtained from outside cess" motivation, the managerial exec leadership sources. He who refuses to utilize other utive, the organizational loyalty, the in the church people©s ideas will soon become im mass productivity, the statistical quota. is a shared poverished in his own ideas. On the The church cannot pursue its spiritual leadership. other hand, he who swallows vast goals by "uncritically importing the amounts of material from outside techniques of the business corpora sources without masticating and as tion." 8 similating it into his own thought 5. There is also the necessity of seek processes will likely suffer from pro ing for depth communication if we are motional indigestion. The use of ma to realize spiritual values in church terials, from whatever source, calls for promotion. Church promotion is more selectivity and personal appropriation than a bold and gaudily colored head by the group involved if a program is line in a special issue of the church to come alive. bulletin or a more-or-less brief, dra 2. Sharing the Leadership. A les matic commercial sugar-coated with a son can be learned from the business few pious phrases and "sandwiched" in executive concerning the delegating of between the call to worship and the responsibility, not to mention the singing of the morning anthem. Rather initiative of Jethro recorded in Exodus it is the communication of the gospel, 18. Too many ministers have an Elijah the sharing of the kerygma with hun complex, "And I, even I only, am left," gry hearts. when it conies to delegating responsi Church Administration and the bility to others. The business executive Minister operates with an understanding of the "arithmetic of executive leadership." There is a need for the pastor to He knows that he can multiply by di relate his own attitudes to the ad viding. He can increase the efficiency of ministrative function of his ministry. his work by delegating as much re All functions of the church©s ministry sponsibility as is practical. call for personal oversight worship, The best leadership in the church is evangelism, missions, teaching, stew a shared leadership. Such a concept is ardship of giving, indeed, the total not without theological precedent, since stewardship of the whole of life. After the New Testament does not divide the all, not only must the hungry sheep be saints into the "clergy" and the "laity." fed but they must also be guided and All are servants, ministers (diakonoi) sheared and kept within the fold. of the Lord. In order that the pastor may prop A good executive selects competent erly relate in this comprehensive and qualified people and helps them sphere, we will suggest three features clarify their duties and responsibilities. vital to successful administration. 1. Bringing Creativity to His Task. Fresh insight and the adventurous spirit are important personal ingredients if the church is to avoid becoming "a coffin drifting against the rugged rocks," as William Bone expressed it. History teaches that the bane of every church is crystallization and conformity. Indi vidual initiative is a quality without which creativeness cannot long live. The pastor will make a place for creative planning in his work schedule. Dimock declares that "no one can or ganize others until he has successfully organized himself." 9 The pastor should have a definite sense of time steward ship, as Sangster has urged.10 A worthy program and effective promotion de mand creative study and planning just as good sermonizing and planned wor ship. In the process of creative planning, the pastor and other leaders of the local church should keep a wise balance between the use of their own ideas and

The Ministry/November, 1975/7 He delegates responsibility to them, are ignored. When the pastor confuses and shows faith in their ability to carry ends and means and forgets that his through successfully their accepted primary consideration is always what assignments. He concentrates his at is happening to the people in terms of tention upon the growth of the persons growth in faith and service, he may and the development of leadership. He attempt to put the welfare of the ma knows how to enlist the help of people. chinery of the church ahead of the wel 3. Providing Authentic Personal fare of its members. Leadership. The pastor must also It is almost trite to suggest that the provide authentic personal leadership. proper pastoral leadership will serve Henry Van Dyke once declared that to make the welfare of the organiza the world moves by personality. All tion and of its members one and the of the great currents of history have same thing. Success fever, however, flowed from persons, he said. may short-circuit the proper objective A leader must always be authentic of diakonia, and the pastor may seek in his personhood. People will rally his personal success in a smoothly about the pastor who is genuine in his operating system of boards and com motive and spirit, and who shares an mittees, becoming an "organization earnest enthusiasm. Unless the fires man" who, having forsaken the view of a holy zeal burn within the pastor of his people©s "being the children of it is not likely that the fires of concern God," worships the idol of "doing the will be kindled upon the altars of other work of the church." hearts. Pastors may become either popes or The authenticity and strength of puppets. A "pope" usually carries his pastoral leadership are, of course, dis responsibility quite heavily. A "puppet" covered in the pastor©s sense of ultimate will carry it quite lightly. Pastors may dependence upon God©s power. Recog become either funnels or bottlenecks. nizing the limitations of his own mag As funnels they fulfill their rightful netism, regardless of how many or purpose of pouring in the grace of God. how few his gifts, he will seek wisdom As bottlenecks they dam up the chan from above, which brings illumination, nels of grace, stifle growth, and choke discernment, judgment, and spiritual off service. power for effective leadership. Although the pastor©s professional Pastor Functions "Pastorally" equipment may include enough grasp of the ways and means of the organiza A Christian parish is certainly not tional processes, and the dynamics something that one runs like a locomo involved in leading people toward tive; it certainly is not administered realizing the purposes of the church, his like a corporation. The pastor does not strong and optimistic faith in the power play the role of boss or commander in of the gospel in the lives of people will the sense that he exercises power over breathe new life into the people he people or manipulates them. Nor is he leads. His burning conviction as he the "executive" of the organization in works with God©s church will transmit the sense that he runs the show by assurance, enthusiasm, and value to sheer adroitness and power of influence. every activity. His readiness to serve There is no clearer way of describing will inspire service, and his goal will the role of the pastor as leader than to give meaning and direction to the peo say that he functions "pastorally." He ple. H gives his people leadership that is pas toral in spirit and concern. Together 1 Hartzell Spence, One Foot in Heaven, The Life of a Practi with his flock he stands responsible cal Parson (New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1940), p. 9. 2 Ibid., p. 9. under the Word of God, the highest 3 H. Richard Niebuhr, The Purpose of the Church and Its authority in the church. The terms au Ministry (New York: Harpers, 1956), p. 48. "Samuel W. Blizzard, "The Minister©s Dilemma," The thoritarian, democratic, and laissez Christian Century, April 25, 1956. ©Robert Clyde Johnson, "The Posture of the Church" in faire are not appropriate at all, al Robert Clyde Johnson (ed.), The Church and Its Changing though, under the right conditions, all Ministry (United Presbyterian Church, U.S.A., 1962), p. 2. 6 Thomas M. Lindsay, The Church and the Ministry in the three types of leadership are legitimate Early Centuries (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1902), pp. and effective if they are exercised in 145f. See also Titus 1:5-9. 7 See S. A. Newman, "The Ministry in the New Testament harmony with Biblical principles, for Churches," in Duke K. McCall (ed.), What Is the Church? the welfare of the people, and in rela (Nashville: Broadman Press, 1958). See also Emil Brunner, Harold Knight (trans.), The Misunderstanding of the Church tion to specific needs. (London: Lutterworth Press, 1952). 8 W. H. Kirkland, "The Organization Man and the Minis When persons are viewed as cogs in try," The Christian Century, LXIV (April 23,1958), p. 493. a machine the project or program usu 9 Marshall E. Dimock, The Executive in Action (New York: Harper and Bros., 1945), p. 1. ally gains the priority over the persons 10 See W. E. Sangster, The Approach to Preaching (Phila involved, and their real and felt needs delphia: Westminster Press, 1952). 8/The Ministry/November, 1975 Palace, Sepahsalar Mosque, the crown jewels biblical archeology (world©s largest diamond, Peacock Throne), Sponsored by Lawrence T. Geraty, National Arts Museum (craft workshops), assistant professor of Old Testament, Shahyad Monument (foundation tablets, Andrews University. view), SDA mission. Pasargadae Tomb of Cyrus, Audience Palace (Cyrus inscription), Gatehouse (winged angel relief), Residential Palace (Cyrus relief and inscription). The 1975 Naqsh-i Rustam tombs of Darius I, Xer xes I, Artaxerxes I, Darius II. Persepolis numerous structures on ter Seminary race platform, as well as tombs on hill. Haft Tepe royal Elamite tomb with one of earliest-known vaults. Bible Lands Choga Zanbil best preserved ziggurat and largest man-made structure in Iran. Tour Susa Daniel©s tomb on the Ulai River, the Apadana with the palace of Darius I. Behistun inscription not included in tour but should be seen if possible. Iraq (5 days) Qurnah traditional Garden of Eden at the confluence of Tigris and Euphrates riv ers, bus trip to Nasiriya through the pic turesque Marsh Arab region. Ur of the Chaldees temple tower (zig gurat), royal tombs, dwelling quarters. Baghdad archeological museum (earliest clay tablets and cylinder seals known, ob THIRTY-SIX ministers, evangelists, LAWRENCE T. jects from royal tombs at Ur, Tell Harmal Bible teachers, administrators, doctors, GERATY lions, Nimrud ivories, Sargon II reliefs, editors, and laymen from ten countries winged human-headed bulls, Assyrian king (United States, Puerto Rico, Argentina, lists one discovered by Siegfried Horn Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Oki glazed bricks from Babylon©s Ishtar Gate), nawa, Germany, Britain, and Bermuda) copper bazaar, Kadhimain mosque, Advent- participated in the fourth Bible Lands 1975 Seminary ist church, and former Adventist hospital. study tour sponsored by the SDA Theo Bible Lands study Tell Harmal site of discovery of the law logical Seminary. Following the tradi tour group. code of Eshnunna. tion of the earlier tours of 1957, 1959, PHOTO BY AUTHOR and 1966, the 1975 tour also combined on-site lectures by Dr. Siegfried H. Horn with guided visits to all the impor tant sites of Biblical interest in Iran, Iraq, Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, and Israel. For the convenience of dele gates, the four-week tour, beginning on June 8 and ending on July 6, was or ganized to precede the General Confer ence session in Vienna. It was led by Drs. Lawrence T. Geraty and James J. C. Cox both from the Seminary. To assist those interested in making a similar trip on their own, the tour©s itinerary follows: Iran (4 days) Teheran archeological museum (cylin der seal of Darius the Great, terra-cotta guardian bull from the gate of the Choga Zanbil ziggurat, bas-relief from Persepolis depicting Darius I and Xerxes I, lapis-lazuli head of Xerxes I, scale model of Persepolis, contents of the "Treasure Room"), Golestan

The Ministry/November, 1975/9 Aqarquf—temple tower (ziggurat) of un Giza—pyramids, sphinx, Thutmose IV usual construction. stele. Ctesiphon—the Sassanian arch is the Memphis—alabaster sphinx, Ramses II widest single-span vault of unreinforced statue. brickwork in the world. Saqqara—Zoser step pyramid, Mastaba of Babylon—city walls, museum, procession Ti, Serapeum. street, southern palace of Nebuchadnezzar, Luxor—temple complex. hanging gardens, Ishtar Gate, lion, temple Karnak—temple complex—the largest in tower, Temple of Marduk, ancient course of the world (note reliefs of Thutmose III, the Euphrates, Emach Temple. Ramses II, Shishak). Kish—temple towers. Thebes—Tombs of the Kings, Deir el- Birs Nimrud—temple tower. Bahri, Rameseum, Medinet Habu, Colossi Mosul—archeological museum, leaning of Memnon. minaret. Aswan—First Cataract, Old Dam, New Nineveh—Tell Nebi Yunus, with the pal High Dam, Philae Temple, granite quarry ace of Esarhaddon and a mosque venerating with unfinished obelisk, Elephantine Island Jonah; Tell Kuyunjik, with the palace and (Nilometers, Yahweh Temple), Kitchener's library of Assurbanipal, the palace of Sen Island, Agha Khan Mausoleum, Kalabsha nacherib, and the Nergal Gate; the city ram Temple. parts, Shamash Gate. Abu Simbel—temples of Ramses II and Khorsabad—city gate, Sargon's palace, Nefertari. Sibitti sanctuary (Assyrian altars). Nimrud (Calah)—temple tower, palace Lebanon (3 days) of Assurnasirpal II, Burnt Palace, Nabu Beirut—Pigeon Rock, American Univer Temple of Adad-Nirari III, Fort Shal- sity of Beirut, Middle East College and Ad maneser III. ventist churches, Grand Mosque, National Mar Behnam—medieval church and Museum (alphabet gallery, scale model of monastery. Baalbeck, Ahiram sarcophagus, Aramaic sundial, Sidon sarcophagus with Phoenician Egypt (4 days) ship, inscription of Bernice and Herod Cairo—Ramses Square and Adventist Agrippa II). Center, Citadel, Alabaster Mosque, Al- Sidon—Crusader fortresses, Temple of Azhar Mosque and Islamic University, Ba Eshmun. zaar, Egyptian Museum (the Squatting Zaraphath—archeological excavations, Scribe, Proto-Sinaitic inscriptions, Hathor including Phoenician port. cow with Thutmose III, Amarna room, Tut Tyre—Alexander's causeway, harbor, ankhamen collection of treasures, Mernep- archeological excavations including Roman tah stele, Palermo stone, Narmer palette, city ruins, necropolis, hippodrome. Book of the Dead, mummy room, wood mod Dog River—inscriptions of Ramses II, els of everyday life). Esarhaddon, and Nebuchadnezzar. Heliopolis—obelisk, "virgin's tree," Ad Byblos—Frankish castle, Phoenician ventist mission. tombs, obelisk temple. Baalbeck—altar court, temples of Jupiter, Bacchus, Venus, quarry with world's largest hewn stone. Syria (2 days) Damascus—National Museum (objects from Palmyra, Mari, and Ugarit—including stone inscribed with world's oldest alphabet; reconstructed Dura-Europos synagogue), Hamidiyeh bazaar, Mausoleum of Saladin, Umayyad Mosque (Temple of Hadad, Jupi ter), Azem Palace, Street Called Straight, House of Ananias, St. Paul's Window. Palmyra (optional). Jordan (2 days) Jerash—Hadrian's triumphal arch, South Theater with inscriptions, Forum, Temple of Artemis, columned street and tetrapylon, Cathedral church and baptistries, Jabbok River. Amman—Roman Theater, Citadel, arche ological museum (Jericho skulls, Nabataean 10/The Ministry/November, 1975 artifacts, Citadel inscription, Qumran cop feller Museum (Mount Carmel man, Me- per scroll and writing bench, Heshbon ob giddo horned incense altar, Canaanite idols, jects), Megiddo ivories, Samaria ivories from Heshbon—archeological excavations of Ahab's palace, Philistine pottery, Lachish Andrews University, including the pool of letters, Jewish ossuaries, Megiddo stable Song of Solomon 7:4 and the only rolling- troughs, Egyptian stelae erected in Pales stone tombs east of the Jordan. tine, Umayyad art from Jericho, former Mount Nebo—view of Palestine and By Dead Sea "Scrollery"), Gibeah of Saul, Nebi zantine monastery. Samwil, Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpah, Beeroth, Madeba—mosaic map of Palestine. Bethel, Ai. Petra—the Siq, the Treasury, Roman Samaria—Jacob's Well, Sychar, Mounts Theater, Robinson's High Place, Umm el- Ebal and Gerizim, Shechem (east and west Biyara, ed-Deir, numerous tombs. gates, Temple of Baal-Berith with standing stone, Middle Bronze Age city wall), Nablus Israel (9 days) (Samaritan synagogue), Samaria (Palace Jordan River and Dead Sea. of Omri and Ahab, Temple of Augustus, Qumran—Dead Sea Scroll caves and Roman forum and theater, Church of John Essene community. the Baptist, Hellenistic round towers, Jericho—OT and NT sites, Mount of Israelite walls and gate), Dothan. Temptation. Galilee—Taanach, Plain of Esdraelon, Jerusalem (Old City)—Temple area on Megiddo (water tunnel, grain silo, Ahab's Mount Moriah, including current archeo stables, Solomonic Gate, huge Canaanite logical excavations, el-Aksa Mosque and outdoor altar), Shunem, Nain, Endor, Dome of the Rock with the site of Solomon's Mount Tabor, Mount Gilboa, boat ride on altar of sacrifice, the Wailing Wall at Sab the Sea of Galilee, Tiberias, Capernaum, bath sunset, Jewish Quarter, city gates, Mount of Beatitudes, Tabgha, Ginnosar, Pool of Bethesda, Via Dolorosa, including Chorazin, Golan Heights, Birket Ram, Pilate's judgment hall, Church of the Holy Mount Hermon, Nimrod Castle, Caesarea Sepulcher, Citadel with David's Tower, ba Philippi, Dan (including archeological ex zaar. cavations and sources of River Jordan), Jerusalem (East)—Mount Scopus, Mount Lake Hula, Hazor (Solomonic Gate, walls, of Olives with ascension site, Garden of and storage building, Israelite houses, Gethsemane with the Church of All Na Canaanite temples, water tunnel, Ayelet tions, Kidron Valley with the so-called Hashahar Museum), Safad, Meiron (arche Tombs of Absalom, Jehoshaphat, James, ological excavations), Cana, Nazareth and Zechariah, Gihon Spring, Hezekiah's (Greek and Latin Churches of the Annun tunnel, Pool of Siloam, Ophel, Mounts of ciation, Mary's well, Mount of Precipita Offense and Evil Counsel, Hinnom Valley, tion). Potter's Field, Bethany with the tomb of Mediterranean Coast—Haifa and Mount Lazarus, Bethphage, Good Samaritan Inn. Carmel (Carmelite Monastery of Elijah), Jerusalem (South)—Mount Zion with Atlit, Dor, Caesarea (Roman aqueduct, Basilica of the Dormition, House of Caia- theater, hippodrome, harbor, Byzantine phas, Last Supper Room, Tomb of David, street with headless statues, Crusader Ramat Rahel. fortress, archeological excavations), Lydda, Jerusalem (West)—Herod's family tomb, Tell Qasila, Tel Aviv, Joppa, Ashdod, Ash- Advent House, Monastery of the Cross, kelon, Lachish, Marissa, Eleutheropolis, Knesset Hebrew University, Yad Vashem Valley of Elah, Azekah, Beth-shemesh. Memorial, Ein Karem, Hadassah Hospital, Judaea—Bethlehem (Rachel's tomb, Kirjath-Jearim, model of Ancient Jerusa Church of the Nativity, Manger Square, lem, Israel Museum (Dead Sea Scrolls, Ma- Jerome's cell, Shepherds' Field), Herodion, sada scrolls, Bar Kokhba letters, sacrificial Tekoa, Beth-zur, Valley of Eshcol, Hebron altars from Arad and Hazor, "Cave of the (Cave of Machpelah, Mamre, glass and Treasure" copper and ivory objects, Hazor pottery workshops), Beersheba (well of lion orthostat, Hazor citadel-gate, "Sabbath Abraham, Camel market, archeological Ostracon" from Mezad Hashaviyahu, "Gold excavations at Tell Sheva), Arad, Masada of Ophir" ostracon, Hebrew royal stamped (water system, Roman wall and army jar-handles, Ashdod stele of Sargon II, Ama- camps, Herodian palaces, baths, store zia "Jerusalem" inscription, Roman Tenth rooms, swimming pool, oldest synagogue, Legion tiles, Pontius Pilate inscription from Byzantine church), En-Gedi. Caesarea, Uzziah tomb inscription, Jerusa Flight to Eilat on the Red Sea and St. lem menorah depiction). Catherine's Monastery at Mount Sinai Jerusalem (North)—Garden Tomb, Gor (optional). don's Calvary, Solomon's quarries, Albright Future Seminary-sponsored Bible Institute of Archeological Research, Tomb Lands Study Tours will be organized as of the Kings, Adventist East Center, Rocke- the demand for such arises. II The Ministry/November, 1975/11 "all who are in any way interested in "The theological questions and present-day theological thinking." 4 The catechism is divided into five parts, averaging about 150 pages Common each. The first part is devoted, quite simply, to God: Who is He? Where can Catechism" He be found? There is no concession in this section to the type of Christian faith that acclaims Jesus but dismisses God as irrelevant. Faced with the alter native of approaching God through na ture or through history, the authors chose history as the place where mod ern man will first look for a divine rev elation. This part is really only preliminary to the subsequent section on "God in Jesus Christ" (pp. 91-275). Jesus Christ, in His work and in His person is the answer to the God question. Biblical criticism receives due consideration, and the Christology of Chalcedon is TEN YEARS AGO the "Dutch Cate RAOUL DEDEREN vindicated. chism" stunned Roman Catholics. It In Part III, "The New Man," we are was a daring discussion of divine rev treated to a stimulating discussion of elation, very much in tune with the the effects of Christ's death and resur spirit of Vatican II. Earlier this year, rection on His followers (pp. 277-322) the publication of an ecumenical cate and in particular on the life we share in chism, The Common Catechism, 1 ush the Christian community (pp. 322-395). ered in a new era in the ecumenical An effort is made to deal with the com movement. plex problems of grace, freedom, sin, This 720-page book offers the first prayer, the sacraments, the relation of comprehensive statement of the Chris the church to Israel and to the Gentile tian faith produced jointly by Roman world. It is followed in Part IV by an im Catholic and Protestant theologians portant section on faith and the world since the Reformation, 450 years ago. (pp. 397-550), which deals with Christian It is a collaborative summary of agreed- ethics, both in general terms (con upon beliefs, very much in keeping science and law, freedom and authority) with today's trend: steady ecumenical and in very concrete cases (e.g., reli groundwork. gious freedom, sexuality, war, and In the words of its editors, Dr. Jo peace). A rather strong position is hannes Feiner and Dr. Lukas Vischer,2 taken against abortion (pp. 510-513) "this book provides a joint statement of the Christian faith by Catholic and Protestant theologians." 3 As the result of an invitation issued by the German publishing firm Verlag Herder, of Frei burg, in 1969, a team of German, French, and Swiss scholars, nineteen Catholics and sixteen Protestants (Lu therans and Calvinists), collaborated in the production of this volume. They include such internationally well- known names as Dumas, Fries, Kasper, Lehmann, Pannenberg, and the editors. The German edition came out in 1973. In spite of its title, the book itself is not really a catechism. It is not written Raoul Dederen, in question and answer form, like the D.es-L., is professor old standby, the Baltimore Catechism. of theology at the Nor is it addressed to youngsters. Andrews University Theological Semi Rather, it is a comprehensive and sys nary and an asso tematic treatise on the Christian reli ciate editor of gion intended for the instruction of The Ministry. 12/The Ministry/November, 1975 and euthanasia (pp. 513-516), but the Beyond all assumption" is that far from inspiring stand of Pope Paul VI's encyclical doubt, this the minds of the sacred writers with Humanae Vitae on birth control is book is an what they were to write, God, in fact, sharply rejected (pp. 504-508). ecumenical wanted them to put down in writing Part V involves a tense discussion of event of their own testimonies of faith.9 the issues that still divide Protestants Consequently, Biblical statements and Catholics (pp. 551-666). It treats importance. about Creation "are not intended to each of them with great frankness. It commit the reader to a particular view" indicates their mutual origin and back of the origin of the universe and of the ground, and tries to reveal their depth human race. Their purpose is merely and degree of importance. This "is in to point to the fact that "everything no way some kind of appendix on a that exists is connected with God." 10 subsidiary subject" (p. 552). The issues Nor is it enough for the Christian who singled out include Scripture and tradi seeks to know what decisions he ought tion, grace and works, the sacraments, to make in a given situation simply to marriage, Mary, and the church.5 turn to the Scriptures or the Ten Com Added as appendices to the book are mandments for advice. All the moral the statements on the eucharist and the directives we might find in the Deca ministry in the English language re logue—as well as in the Sermon on the cently agreed upon by Anglican-Roman Mount—are "to a large extent condi Catholic, Methodist-Roman Catholic, tioned by their age and their cultural and Lutheran-Roman Catholic confer environment." n How large is not indi ences (pp. 667-681). cated. The same applies to standards Unique in Its Objectives bearing, for instance, on our sexual life, since "we can learn virtually Beyond all doubt, this book is an ecu nothing" from Scripture on specific menical event of importance. There has questions of sexual morality.12 been no lack of volumes in which Ro Many New Testament passages, es man Catholic and Protestant scholars pecially in the Gospels, are described have collaborated. However, this vol as interpretations rather than his ume is unique in its objective of pre torically accurate accounts. It is not, senting a common, virtually undiffer- we are told, that apostles "deliberately entiated exposition of the Christian falsified" the true picture of Jesus,13 faith and doctrine. Some will fear that, but they repeated His words as well as written from a supradenominational filled them out and made them clearer. point of view, it might aim to set up a They reworked sayings "with genuinely kind of third denomination, a religious Christian content," and gave them the no man's land between the churches. form of sayings of Jesus, and thus "put But the editors very specifically tell us them in Jesus' mouth." 14 Thus we have that it was written "to help ensure that stories about Jesus that cannot be re Christians co-operate within their own garded simply as events from the communities in the common growth of Lord's life, and sayings of Jesus "which the churches towards that unity in va the historical Jesus never uttered." 15 riety which is the goal of all ecumenical efforts." 6 Certain Uneasiness The clear premise of the Common There is also a certain uneasiness Catechism is that no obstacle remains about such topics as the pre-existence insurmountable. It mirrors a growing of Jesus, His virginal conception, and sense of confidence among many that His physical resurrection. The latter— the long-separated churches can deal which lies at the center of whole Chris- effectively with the most important tocentric document—is regarded as a concerns. One is entitled, however, to "permanent problem: for modern ask the question: At what cost? One man," ie full of "difficulties" 17 for him. can't help noticing that, following the Its message needs to be reinterpreted trend of German scholarship, the au in a more meaningful manner, since thors put considerable limitations on the raising of Jesus from the dead is a the Bible. They say, for instance, that concept formulated "in the language of while our ancestors had no qualms Jewish apocalyptic," which has hardly about identifying Scripture with the any relevancy in our modern socio- word of God Himself, "We can no cultural context.18 longer say, 'The Bible is the word of The emphasis of the whole book is on God.' " 7 We must rather say something unity, and the authors are convinced like: "The Bible becomes God's word for that the statements that can be made anyone who believes in it as God's in common "are quantitatively and word," 8 for "the now unquestioned qualitatively more important than any The Ministry/November, 1975/13 contradictions." l9 The earlier ques tions of dispute between Roman Cath olics and Protestants, such as the doc Slapstick trine of justification by faith alone, "are nowadays on the way towards agreement at numerous points." 20 In the Differences and conflicts that 450 years ago led to the division of the church can hardly be expected to give rise to Sanctuary any opposition capable today of produc ing the same results. This, explain the authors, is the fruit of the manifold ecumenical discussions that have been going on in recent years.21 "We have come to recognize," for instance, "that the doctrine of justification as under stood by the Reformers is not irrecon cilably opposed to the basic assertions of the Catholic doctrine of justifi cation." 22 More specifically, the authors contend, "it would certainly have been possible to achieve unity" except for the THEY GIGGLED, then chuckled, more recent disputes concerned with then roared with laughter. A few pulled the status of Mary in doctrine and wor out their hankies and wiped away the ship, and the question of the church, its tears brought on by so much laughing. structure and authority, including The performance was hilarious. The papal infallibility.23 man up front was really funny. He had Over-all, the book is a survey of the them constantly "rolling in the aisles." kind of European liberalism that has Who was he? Judging from the reac inspired Protestant ecumenism and is tion of the audience, you might suspect becoming increasingly attractive to that he was a professional TV comedian, ecumenically-minded Catholics. It perhaps brought in to raise funds for a strongly suggests that insoluble dif favorite charity. Wrong! The man was ferences are, in fact, often merely dif not a comedian by profession nor was ferences of theological interpretation, he remotely connected with Hollywood, that they can and do exist within one though he would have made it big there and the same church. Still, it has not had he chosen that route earlier in life. been approved as official teaching by He was not a professional entertainer any Roman Catholic or Protestant at all. He was a minister. church body, and it will be interesting Are you shaking your head in disbe to listen to the grass-roots reactions lief? Join the club. That is exactly what that might want to cling as strongly as I did as I listened to his constant barrage ever to their own way of being Chris of jokes and watched his antics on tian as formulated in their traditional stage. It repulsed me to realize that the catechisms. fl holy, precious Word of God was coming to me via a channel of frivolity, hilarity, 1 The Common Catechism: A Book of Christian Faith, ed ited by Johannes Feiner and Lukas Vischer; Seabury Press, and utter nonsense. xxv + 690 pp., $10.95. Translated by David Bourke, et al., from The preaching style I have described Neues Glaubensbuch, Herder, 1973. 2 Fr. Johannes Feiner is consultant to the Vatican Secre above is all too common today. Not long tariat for the Promotion of Christian Unity; Dr. Lukas Vischer ago, one of the major television net is director of the Faith and Order Commission of the World Council of Churches. works presented a documentary en 3 The Common Catechism, p. ix. 4 Ibid., p. xiii. titled "Show-Biz Religion." It appears 5 With particular reference to authority and papal infalli that show business and preaching have bility. 6 The Common Catechism, p. xiv. joined hands in our generation. 7 Ibid., pp. 100, 101. It seems to me that in this age of the 8 Ibid., p. 101. 9 Ibid., pp. 100, 101. popular entertainer there is a danger w Ibid., p. 120. 11 Bid., p. 436. that intellectual ability, Biblical knowl 12 Ibid., p. 498. edge, and sound textual and expository 13 Bid., p. 94. 14 Bid., p. 95. preaching will be pushed aside and re 15 Bid., p. 96. placed by a shallow, show-business 18 Bid., p. 164. " Bid., p. 146. technique that features the garrulous, 18 Bid., p. 147. superficial entertainer-evangelist with 19 Bid., p. x. 20 Bid., p. 657. a guitar strung around his shoulders. 21 Bid., pp. 658, 659, ix, xi. 22 Bid., p. 658. Underlying all of this is the fact that 23 Bid., pp. 665, 666. the reading level of our American popu- 14/The Ministry/November, 1975 lation has dropped from twelfth- to the aid of the Holy Spirit can we deter ninth-grade level. Even our universities mine exactly where that line of demar are offering remedial English programs cation is that separates the holy from to entering freshmen. Johnny cannot the profane. read or write at any academic level. In their attempts to be relevant, some This calls for a simplification of the gos ministers are desecrating the vessels of pel message so that the largest number the Lord's house. Like Nadab and possible may hear it and read it in the Abihu, they are offering strange fire at style and language they understand the altar. They also offend the sensibili best. ties of cultured people. Their preaching But this must be done with as much is just not in good taste. dignity as possible, without divesting Am I down on humor? Absolutely not. the message of its essential holiness. Is there a place for it in preaching? Regardless of our socio-economic I believe so. There is humor in the background, the effect of the gospel of Bible. The question is, what kind of Jesus Christ is the same on all of us. It humor? Invariably it is pure and uplifts us. It gives a new hope and elevated. higher aspirations. I know that this is The minister must be extremely so, for had it not been for the gospel that careful in the sanctified use of humor. reached me in Manhattan, New York, By jesting, joking, and trifling we are when I was age 15, perhaps I would likely to deny Christ and wound the have followed the example of some of FREDERICK DIAZ cause of God. We have not been called my buddies who became drug addicts to amuse and entertain, but rather to and common criminals. preach the Word. Ours is a solemn re The gospel gave me something to sponsibility, a high calling. reach up for. It raised me up and im Preaching is not common, ordinary planted in my heart a higher goal than oratory. It has no kinship with the po I had set for myself. I know from per litical speech or harangue, or with dema- sonal experience in the inner city that goguery. Certainly it ought not to have the gospel message does not have to be any connection whatsoever with show diluted or deformed in any way to reach business. Its style differs radically even those in the lower strata of society. from that of the professional entertainer It has to be simplified, but care must be or comedian. Its ultimate purpose is to exercised not to distort it in the process save men and women, to stir them to of communication. make a commitment to Jesus Christ, Frederick Diaz is not to tickle their funny bone. Preaching The problem is that many are on a pastor of the East relevance kick. But relevance has its Lansing University is a form of public address that is in a limits when it comes to the preaching SDA church in class all by itself, because it is God- of the gospel. Only through prayer and Michigan. ordained and God-inspired. II

The Ministry/November, 1975/15 straightforward, as it is possible for words to be. Uttered as they were in The love, nevertheless they made it plain that there is no possibility of receiving eternal life, of having a part in the Irreducible heavenly kingdom to come, except as one experiences what is termed the new birth. Minimum There is but one major question one needs to ask in order that he may fully understand what these words of Jesus mean: What is this experience of the new birth without which no man shall see heaven? The Bible makes it vividly clear, that the new birth means a radical change in the life: "Therefore if any man be in Christ, he is a new creature: old things are passed away; behold, all things are become new" (2 Cor. 5:17). "A new LOVE IS the dominant characteristic THOMAS A. heart also will I give you, and a new of God, and love is outgoing. God's love DAVIS spirit will I put within you: and I will reaches out to bestow its warmth upon take away the stony heart out of your the whole of His creation. flesh, and I will give you an heart of But love desires response, and God flesh" (Eze. 36:26). yearns for a willing return of His love The fact that the newborn person is from all His creatures. Sadly, He has described as "a new creature," or cre not received that response from much ation, for which "all things have be of mankind due to the fact that our race come new," who has "set . . . [his] feet has been in rebellion against its Cre upon the new path of life" (Rom. 6:4, ator. N.E.B.),* clearly indicates a funda God has been trying to bring hu mental, basic change. It is not a graft manity back into the warm circle of His ing of new shoots into the old tree. It love. But He has been able to do so for is a new and different kind of tree. only a very few, relatively. Many have not been interested. And some who Not a Modified or Rearranged Life have been interested have never en It is not a modified life in which the tered into the circle, because they were sinner stops drinking and smoking, in not willing to meet the conditions God which he tries a bit harder to control requires. his temper, appetite, and entertainment He has made His requirements as habits. It is not merely an altered life few and easy as possible. But require in which one day in seven is now spent ments there must be. Otherwise sin, differently from before, in which newly which must be excluded at all costs adopted beliefs cause him to change (Christ gave His all that sin might be friends and the use of time. excluded, and yet mankind be saved), It is not merely a rearranged life in would be preserved and contaminate which he shifts priorities; in which, for heaven. That cannot be! example, he moves sports or money, So God says to you and me, "I want jobs or dress, entertainment or eating, above anything else to have you in My and so on, from a high place of priority kingdom. I gave My Son that you might to a lower place. be there. But the very stability, the "The Christian's life is not a modifi preservation, of My kingdom demands cation or improvement of the old, but a that I make certain minimum require transformation of nature. There is a ments. This is the way it has to be. death to self and sin, and a new life Please meet those requirements! I want altogether. This change can be brought you to be with Me!" about only by the effectual working of The irreducible minimum that God the Holy Spirit."—The Desire of Ages, must require is expressed in the words p. 172. of Jesus to the Pharisee, Nicodemus: It is an experience that all, without exception, must have who are to be "Jesus . . . said unto him, Verily, verily, Thomas A. Davis I say unto thee, Except a man be born is an associate book recognized as members of the family again, he cannot see the kingdom of editor of the Review of God. God" (John 3:3). and Herald Pub What are the signs by which we may These words are as unequivocal, as lishing Association. know whether we are born again? The 16/The Ministry/November, 1975 Bible supplies many. For example, the The person others, a deliberate decision to further Beatitudes (Matt. 5:3-12) relate to men seeking to others' welfare as needed. and women who have had the experi overcome in his This attitude is maintained for the ence. Galatians 5 contrasts the evil own strength, unintelligent, the eccentric, the un works and attitudes of the unregen- or mainly in his lovable, the down-and-outer, for an erate (verses 19-21) with the fruit of own strength, enemy, as well as for a friend. It is a the Spirit as seen in the regenerate principle that prompts one, in attitude (verses 22, 23). cannot be and action, to put the welfare of others victorious. before his own. Nine Signs of Regeneration A turning of mind and heart from I suggest nine manifestations of the the world. The unregenerate person new-birth experience: is naturally of the world. His main in A sense of freedom: peace in the terests are normally centered there, soul. The individual, especially the and cannot be expected to be otherwise. professed Christian who is not truly He is job-centered, or money-centered, born again, who is still wrestling with entertainment-centered, position-cen unwanted sins and is haunted by guilt, tered, or clothes-centered, maybe even cannot have peace. Beset by doubts, un work for the Lord-centered. certain as to his status with God, he is The born-again person will not be often sad. enthusiastic in talking about sports or But with the new-birth experience, clothes, cars or travel but embarrassed all that is changed. "Therefore being and silent when the subject of Jesus justified by faith [and thus pardoned], and His love comes up. we have peace with God through our Those who give themselves to Christ Lord Jesus Christ" (Rom. 5:1). "are not of the world" (John 17:14). An experience of love for others. Victory where before was defeat. "We know that we have passed out of The person seeking to overcome in his death into life, because we love the own strength, or mainly in his own brethren. He who does not love abides strength, cannot be victorious. The in death" (1 John 3:14, N.A.S.B.).t reason is that it is a case of self trying This Christian love is not sentimental to cast out self, which is impossible. feeling or even necessarily that emo The person who does not have Jesus tion found among members of a fam dwelling within cannot be victorious. ily. It is an attitude of regard, a rea Thus, only the born-again person can soned concern for the interests of have sustained victories over his sins. Only the person who can apply to him self Paul's words, "I live; yet not I, but Christ liveth in me," can overcome sin. He can then say, "I can do all things through Christ which strengtheneth me" (Gal. 2:20; Phil. 4:13). This does not by any means suggest that there will not be terrible strug gles in the Christian's life sometimes. The mortification of self is a daily, even momentary, work. But because the mind is now changed, and the de sires, inclinations, motives, and will of the born-again person are Christ directed, he can gain the victory. A frequent, instinctive inclination to pray. This desire comes as a deep- down yearning to commune with the Saviour, as the lover has a strong de sire to be with the person who is the object of his affections. This urge is poetically expressed by the psalmist: "As the hart panteth after the water brooks, so panteth my soul after thee, O God. My soul thirsteth for God, for the living God" (Ps. 42:1, 2). An interest in and turning to God©s Word. "Thy words were found, and I did eat them; and thy word was unto me the joy and rejoicing of mine The Ministry/November, 1975/17 heart," wrote Jeremiah (Jer. 15:16). To As soon as a person do thy will, O my God" (Ps. 40:8) can the born-again person—"the Word of is really converted be the words of the born-again person God, which was dull and uninteresting, there springs up in only (cf. Jer. 31:33). The unregenerate his heart an earnest is now chosen as his study, the man of desire to go and tell heart "is not subject to the law of God, his counsel. It is as a letter written to friends and neigh neither indeed can be" (Rom. 8:7). In him from God, bearing the inscription bors what Christ the new-birth experience the heart is of the Eternal. His thoughts, his words, has come to mean brought into harmony with God and and his deeds are brought to this rule to him. love is manifested in obedience. and tested. He trembles at the com This attitude of obedience will be not mands and threatenings which it con only toward those requirements that tains, while he firmly grasps its prom are easy and convenient but also to ises and strengthens his soul by appro ward those that demand self-denial priating them to himself."—The Faith and self-sacrifice. I Live By, p. 139. An impulse to witness to others. A growing sensitivity to sin. Jesus' final word to His disciples was "While we were spiritually dead in the promise of the Holy Spirit. When our disobedience he [God] brought us He should be received, then, said Jesus, to life with Christ" (Eph. 2:5, T.E.V.).± "you shall be my witnesses" (Acts 1:8, As many can testify, the question R.S.V.). David, in beseeching God for "What's wrong with it?" is often solved forgiveness and restoration to His favor for the questioner when the Holy Spirit —to the "joy of thy salvation"—con is able to awaken the slumbering con tinued, "Then I will teach transgressors science and help us see what is indeed thy ways, and sinners will return to wrong with it. thee" (Ps. 51:12, 13, R.S.V.). It is like a beam of sunlight shining As soon as a person is really con through a tiny hole in a closed blind verted there springs up in his heart an into a darkened room. In the beam are earnest desire to go and tell friends seen hundreds of dust motes floating in and neighbors what Christ has come the air that were not seen before. So to mean to him. it is that when the Sun of Righteous In his deeply spiritual book God's ness shines in our lives we see sins we Way of Holiness, Horatius Bonar be were not aware of before. gins one chapter thus: An attitude of willing obedience "Before I can live a Christian life, I to God. The exclamation, "I delight to must be a Christian man. Am I such? I ought to know this. Do I know it, and in knowing it, know whose I am, and whom I serve? Or is my title to the name still questionable, still a matter of anxious debate and search? "If I am to live as a son of God, I must be a son, and I must know it; otherwise my life will be an artificial imitation, a piece of barren mechanism, performing certain excellent move ments, but destitute of vital heat and force. Here many fail. They try to live like sons, in order to make themselves sons, forgetting God's simple plan for attaining sonship at once, 'As many as received him, to them gave he power to become the sons of God' (John 1:12)." —Page 57. Sons and daughters have certain characteristics of their fathers. Do I have the characteristics of my heavenly Father? M

Adapted from the author's book How to Be a Victorious Christian, Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1975. Used by permission. * From The New English Bible. © The Delegates of the Oxford University Press and the Syndics of the Cambridge University Press 1970. Reprinted by permission. t From the New American Standard Bible. Copyright 1972 by The Lockman Foundation. Used by permission. t From Today's English Version of the New Testament. Copyright © American Bible Society 1966, 1971. 18/The Ministry/November, 1975 fications must result from geology's science and religion findings of "the lapse of very long Sponsored by Robert H. Brown Geoscienee Research Institute periods of time," in opposition to the six thousand years that minds had been so long accustomed to. The long ages of uniformitarianism were making their inroads, with the result that "Buckland was completely converted. The Downfall . . . By 1850 it was difficult to dis tinguish a Uniformitarian from a of Scriptural Catastrophist." 2 Yet after Buckland's reversal of position, conflicting view points continued to clash, and "be Geology tween 1844 and 1859, over sixty volumes appeared that could be classi SURPRISING as it may seem, the ma fied as Scriptural Geology." 3 jority of the geologists in early nine WARREN The steady stream of books by teenth-century England were advocates H. JOHNS scriptural geologists stopped almost of the Biblical account of Creation and abruptly with the publication of The the Flood, thus earning them the title Origin of Species, by Charles Darwin, of "Scriptural geologists." Some had in 1859. The same events that led to even switched professions from theology the downfall of scriptural geology can to geology—such as Adam Sedgwick, be correlated with the rise of Dar William Conybeare, and William Buck- winian evolution. Let us piece together land. Several churchmen in the "Scrip the historical backdrop. tural geology" era (1815-1860) wrote Attempts to Harmonize in-depth studies on geology and its con nection to religion—Thomas Chalmers, Scriptural geology from its very Baden Powell, and John Pye Smith, as inception was a crossbreed between the examples. Geology, at least in England uniformitarian theory of long geologi and America, was cast in a scriptural cal ages and the Biblical view of Cre mold when in its infancy. ation followed some centuries later by Up until the publication of Charles the catastrophe known as the Deluge. Lyell's famous Principles of Geology Catastrophism was imported into Eng in 1830, the Biblical Flood colored the land through the writings of the thinking of geologists, and the ma famous French paleontologist, Cuvier, jority were diluvialists or catastro- and served as a valuable tool in the phists. The thinking of this group was hands of scriptural geologists. Cuvier, crystallized by their leader, William however, interpreted the six days of Buckland, in an 1823 work called Creation week not as being literal Reliquiae Diluvianae. However, Buck- but rather as figurative of long ages. He land himself was mysteriously swayed stretched Creation out over a vast in the decade of the 1830's to the op period of time interspersed with anni posing camp, that of the uniformi- hilations (or catastrophes), to account tarians, who believed that all processes for the successive fossil strata. Buck- have continued invariably at the same land at the start was an ardent apostle rate as today. of the Cuvierian brand of catastro- A book published by him in 1836 phism. conspicuously avoided any reference Scriptural geology, then, was an at to the Flood. What led the stalwart tempt to harmonize the latest findings general to change his mind? of geology and paleontology with the One historian of science focuses pre Sacred Record, It had many varieties cisely upon the reason for Buckland's of thought. One of the earliest was that unusual reversal: of the Archbishop Sumner of Canter "When Buckland's Geology and bury himself—the idea first set forth in Mineralogy Considered with Reference Warren H. Johns, 1816 "that during the Six Days of Gene to Natural Theology was published in an instructor in sis the Creator merely 'rearranged' the 1836, it was evident that he had re religion at Colum wrecks and fragments of many previous versed himself on Diluvialism and had bia Union College, is currently on worlds." 4 The entire fossil record was completely abandoned Biblical chro study leave for used to show a pre-Creation-week se nology in prehistory, but he had by no graduate course quence of life. This view was advocated means given up the attempt to bring work in geology at by another prominent churchman, revelation and geology in harmony." x Michigan State Thomas Chalmers, who claimed that the Buckland himself admits that modi- University. language of the first two verses of Gene- The Ministry/November, 1975/19 sis seems to indicate a "gap" separating The major con tra-ordinary events recorded in the two creative episodes. He was convinced tribution of Bible—the separation of the land from that Scripture does not point out when Lyellian geology the waters, the Deluge, and the eleva "the beginning" took place, and postu to evolutionary tion after the Deluge of parts of the ocean lated that it could have been many theory was "the bed to become dry land." 7 aeons ago. gift of time." That same year a textbook on geology The "gap" or "interval theory" be was published by Conybeare and Phil came fused with the "ruin and restitu lips, who keenly perceived what were tion" theory and was quickly popular the issues facing scriptural geologists. ized. "This 'interval' theory rapidly In this book they state: "Two points only became the popular, respectable, and all can be in any manner implicated in the but standard means of reconciliation discussions of geology: I. The Noachian between geology and Holy Writ. It was Deluge. II. The Antiquity of the Earth." 8 adopted, within the next twenty-five They overlooked the one other major is years, by Edward Hitchcock, the Rev sue facing scriptural geology, the idea erend W. D. Conybeare, and the future of the six days of Creation being literal, Cardinal Wiseman, then a brilliant because it had already silently slipped young man in Italy; it was the refuge out of the picture. Geologists had long of Buckland when he retreated from his used the text "One day is with the Lord original diluvian orthodoxy." 5 Inter as a thousand years" (2 Peter 3:8) to estingly, although proponents of this accommodate the six days with long viewpoint at first strongly taught the geological periods. One example is Noachian Flood, they eventually lost James Hutton, of Scotland, who gave sight of that grand event in a multitude the first presentation of uniformitarian of other catastrophes. geology. Catastrophism was swallowed by uni- At this point it is instructive to trace formitarianism through virtually the back the chain of events that led to the efforts of one man, Sir Charles Lyell, downfall of scriptural geology. Long the "father of uniformitarianism." One geological ages were accepted as the historian notes that following the pub first link, but these were relegated lication of Lyell's Principles in 1830 "it either to a pre-Creation week period was immediately apparent that much (the gap theory) or to the actual six of Mosaic geology had been swept away days, which were then stretched into six by Lyell. . . . Among the leading geolo aeons of time (the day-age theory). The gists, Biblical chronology and Diluvial- next link was made by the impact of ism were soon dropped out of prehis Lyell, who removed the Flood from the tory." 6 Catastrophism, through the picture. After all, if one has a long se widespread acceptance of the "restitu quence of geological history prior to the tion" or "gap theory," had in effect creation of man, what need is there for abandoned Biblical chronology already, the Flood to account for the fossil except to state that man was created strata? The final link was welded with about six thousand years ago. This was the publication of Darwin's book and the the same position that Lyell took in his subsequent elimination of man's re early years. With these insights it is cent origin and the concept of successive possible to understand why Buckland creations and catastrophes. Lyell, who capitulated. had been a student of Buckland's for three years and who had held both to Daring Voices Oppose Trend successive creations and man's recent A few daring voices spoke in opposi origin while opposing Buckland's tion to the trends that scriptural geology diluvialism, now became a convert to was taking, as well as against the in Darwinism. Meanwhile, scriptural ge roads of uniformitarianism. Two of ology had faded out of the picture. them, George Bugg and George Young, We can take as one example of scrip entitled their works Scriptual Geology, tural geology's demise the Savilian pro from which the name for the scriptural- fessor of geometry at Oxford, Baden geologist era was derived. Yet they were Powell, who also taught theology there, not a part of its trends. Neither was and was an ordained clergyman. By the Granville Penn, whose 1822 book has time he wrote his 1838 work he had be been nicely summarized in these words: come quite critical of scriptural geology, "The theses of this work are simple attacking first the restitution theory, and uncompromising: all geology is to and then pointing to some defects of the be found in Genesis; the Six Days of day-age theory. Recognizing these posi Scripture were six literal days, the first tions as compromises, "he shrewdly of which was 'in the beginning'; all geo observed that while many professed logical phenomena result from three ex- harmonizing Scripture and geology, 20/The Ministry/November, 1975 they in fact made complete concessions The downfall to be crammed into rather less than six on all substantial points; 'so manifest of Biblical thousand years." 14 the evasions and subterfuges they ex chronology If any should still question whether hibit, that we can only regard them as meant the down Biblical chronology stood as a stumbling disguised allies.' " 9 fall of Biblical block to the rise of uniformitarianism, However, Powell fell into the trap of that questioner would have his doubts compromise by conceding that the six geology, since dissipated after reading the words of days of Creation could very well repre they are inex Lyell himself. In volume 1 of his Princi sent vast ages of time. In his attacks on tricably inter ples, Lyell clearly indicated that it was scriptural geology he went to the oppo woven. impossible for anyone to reach the idea site extreme of concluding that there of uniformity "so long as they were un was no geology in Scripture whatever, der the delusion as to the age of the and that the two should be divorced en world, and the date of the first creation tirely from each other. Toward the end of animate beings," 15 an oblique refer of his career he expressed the conviction ence to the Biblical view. Notice, too, a that "Darwin's masterly volume on The historian's comment on the above asser Origin of Species . . . now substantiates tion: "When Lyell interpolated time on undeniable grounds the very princi and continuous process into the gaps, all ple so long denounced by the first natu supernatural cataclysms, including the ralist,—the origination of new species Deluge, . . . were rendered super by natural causes: a work which must fluous." 16 soon bring about an entire revolution of opinion in favor of the grand principle Compromise Led to Abandonment of the self-evolving powers of nature." 10 of Belief His predictions were amazingly accu Scriptural geology, which should rate. Scriptural geology lost out, owing have stood on the three basic creation to the compromising away of three key ist beliefs—(1) the six literal days of creationist beliefs. creation, (2) Biblical chronology, and (3) a universal Flood—ended up aban Contemporary Viewpoint doning all three. The compromise on Let us notice how today's historians one led to an abandonment of all. These picture the downfall of scriptural geol three beliefs, like a tripod supporting the ogy, none of them appearing to be sympa scriptural geologists' camera, were thetic toward its cause. Speaking of the slowly weakened, while a panorama of inroads of uniformitarianism first earth's history was being filmed. The through its founder, Hutton, then aim was to show a complete harmony through its chief apostle, Lyell, one between Genesis and geology. The result historian observes, "It was chiefly the was a totally blurred picture. Mosaic chronology that had kept men What will be the outcome today if any from adopting this point of view at an one leg of this tripod of beliefs is weak earlier date." X1 Another notices its net ened or eliminated? The history of yes- effect: "The modern verdict on the major teryear becomes an excellent laboratory contribution of Lyellian geology to the for testing the hypotheses of today. With evolution theory is that it allowed keen hindsight amplified by a grasp of enough time to earth history for organic both science and Scripture we can trace evolution to take place—it gave Darwin the trends of the past and predict our the 'gift of time,' as Loren Eiseley puts paths for the future. El it." 12 Yet the downfall of Biblical chronol 1 Francis C. Haber, The Age of the World: Moses to Darwin (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1959), p. 221. ogy meant the downfall of Biblical ge 2 Walter F. Cannon, "Uniformitarian-Catastrophist De ology, since they are inextricably inter bate," /sis (I960), vol. 51, pp. 48, 50. 3 Milton Millhauser, Just Before Darwin (Middletown, woven. "As long as geological theory Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1959), p. 47. clung to the idea that the earth had been 4 Ibid. 5 Ibid., p. 48. created 6000 years ago, catastrophic 6 Haber, op. cit., pp. 218, 219. events were necessary to bring about 7 Millhauser, op. cit., p. 53. 8 Quoted in Haber, op. cit., p. 213. all the changes that must have hap 9 Haber, op. cit., p. 246. 10 Robert M. Young, "The Impact of Darwin on Conventional pened since then. Hutton, however, ex Thought," The Victorian Crisis of Faith, Anthony Symondson, cluded catastrophic and supernatural ed. (London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, events." 13 1970), pp. 22, 23. 11 Bertrand Russell, Religion and Science (London: Oxford Another prominent historian of sci University Press, 1935), p. 63. 12 Url Lanham, Origins of Modern Biology (New York: Co ence is in complete agreement: "Any no lumbia University Press, 1968), p. 144. tion that slow-acting processes might 13 R. Hooykaas, The Principle of Uniformity in Geology, Bi ology and Theology (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1963), p. 19. have far-reaching, cumulative effects 14 Gordon Davies, The Earth in Decay (London: Macdonald and Co., 1968), p. 45. was obviously inhibited by the belief ls Haber, op. cit, p. 218. that all the events of Earth-history had 1

THE letter began, "Dear Editor, Like ROBERT H. PARR It is a cry in the darkness, a cry in the so many other church members, I am night, a cry of a thousand voices in sim concerned over all those (young and old) ilar circumstances, a cry for help, which who leave the church. We are prone to they believe cannot be given. Thus it is think, It could never happen to me. But a tragic cry, because those who utter it can—even before the really troublous such a cry as this believe that there is times fall upon us. It happened to me. no hope for them—and that, in itself, is While literally sitting in my church their greatest tragedy. For the soul that pew, I said to myself, 'You never thinks itself lost is not inevitably lost thought it could come to this. You at all; and the voice that cries for help know the church is right. You could, is the one that will surely be answered. without very much effort, find all the Bible verses to prove that our doctrines Not Aware of Torments are right, but you have found difficulty The problem we face is that there are in putting them into practice. so many around us who feel exactly as " 'While you felt warm toward the this young woman does, and we do not church, there was always some little know about it. We of the ministry stand thing you would fix up later. It would up and preach our sermons, with our be easier later. Even if you were on benign smiles, we shake hands at the your death bed it would not be too door and wish the worshipers God's late to repent. But here you are now blessing, but we cannot know all the sitting in the church, knowing that you torments that tear our congregations are not a part of it. You are lost. You apart. We cannot know all the nuances are concerned, terribly concerned, but of domestic issues, of parent-child rela you don't seem to be able to do any tionships, of financial debilities (due thing about it.' It can't be too late, but either to "bad luck" or to plain, bun it feels too late. For me it IS too late. gling mismanagement—it hardly mat Would the pastor understand, or would ters); we cannot know all the play and he just tell me what I already know? interplay of emotions between indi What shall I do? What can I do? I feel vidual worshipers in our congregations, powerless even to pray." and because of this we must deem our This is the first paragraph of a letter selves as less-than-perfect and nigh- that came to me a little while ago. It on-unworthy shepherds. was from a young woman (I hope she And we are, even though we may not still considers herself young) whom I be entirely to blame. The very demands had known these many years, a tal on our time, the limitations of our ented young lady, a most articulate and earthling natures that ensure that a charming girl (and this is not meant to man can cover no more territory at a be flattery; I emphasize this on the off given moment than his boot soles can chance that she may read this), and one cover—these things set the limits of our whom others would consider to have effectiveness to a certain extent. more than her share of ability. The But that does not ease the hurt when world, it seemed in those days not-so- a soul cries out, "I am lost!" and reckons far-off, was at her feet. himself or herself separated from God Now, as the neat typescript of the because of past acts or present prob letter stares inscrutably back at me, I lems. The young lady whose letter I cannot but detect the awful truth (as have quoted above is not an evil will be apparent to even the most cur woman. On her own say-so, she has sory reader) that something went wrong Robert H. Parr is made her mistakes, but she has re editor of the Aus somewhere. If you do not sense it, she tralian Record and pented bitterly with tears. On her own spells it out in those almost bitter (but the Australian admission, she missed the mark here she is not bitter) words, "You are lost." Signs of the Times. and there, but who shall cast the first 24/The Ministry/November, 1975 stone? Is anyone qualified to point an "There are some people who don't accusing finger? want to come to church, but at the same "Statistics prove that children who time they wish they did want to come." attend church schools are less likely to That last sentence (the closing sen leave the church than those who don't. tence of her letter, incidentally) is the This kind of research is good. I wonder most poignant cry of all. This woman whether another form of research (whose name, sad to say, is Legion) would be helpful. Has any church pas imagines that she is lost (though you tor compiled a full list of all the people and I know full well that she needn't in his district who have left the church, be) and she is scared. She is scared be and merely asked them why? What I cause she knows the doctrines and had in mind was to skip the sermon, the could substantiate those doctrines with plea to come back, and even the prayer appropriate Bible texts. at this stage. Pray in the car, pray as But something is lacking—and it has you walk to the door. If you can't over been lacking for a long time. Something come your irresistible urge to pray with hasn't clicked—and she has been aware the person, ask permission tactfully, of this for some time too. Something but keep in mind that the person may has prevented the full realization of feel obliged to say Yes and not mean it. what Christ can do for her (and for any "What you are after is facts. You are one who has slipped and fallen) from not just picking on one person. You are penetrating her consciousness, her making a survey. You are not asking understanding. Satan has built a bar the person to divulge anything he rier between her and her Lord, which doesn't want to. ... Be very judicious she cannot herself break down, and she with your questions and curb your ir wishes she could. resistible urge to smother the person with help and advice. . . . Believe me, Lack of Fellowship there can be a great deal lost if you This article ought to include ten rush in with sermons, prayers, and per points for the reclamation of such a fect solutions. And you don't want to soul as this, but I shall not attempt lose the person, do you?" even two such points. I will, however, This girl is talking a lot of good permit myself one tiny suggestion as to sense, isn't she? You don't want to lose what we might do to find the owners them, of course, otherwise you wouldn't of voices such as this, voices crying in be there. But you can overwhelm a the night of their own hopelessness. It wandering soul with your wisdom and is not a deep thought; it throbs through you can frustrate a weeping heart with the letter of this forlorn girl who so your foolish eagerness. We are all liable much wants to be part of the church, to make that mistake. It takes one who but feels that she has separated herself has felt her lack and who can look ob from it. It is simply this: Many who are jectively at her situation to say so lost or who feel themselves lost, are so clearly. But she hasn't finished her because they have no one with whom letter. Hear her out . . . they can have the relaxed joy of ordi "Do not despair if no one comes back nary fellowship. to church. You have given the person So many who drift away from the a chance to talk. He may realize that church have no other quarrel with us his reason for leaving is invalid. He than that we will not give them a little of will certainly think. He will appreciate our time—and (most important) a little the fact that no pressure at all was ap of ourselves. After all, it is just a little plied. You may come up with some fatuous to herd converts in the front wonderful answers for keeping more door and let the weak lambs die in the people from leaving. fold for lack of attention. II The Ministry/November, 1975/25 Does Good Religion Include Good Health?

A SURVEY of the Gospels indicates breathed into him the breath of life, that Jesus spent more time in healing i. and man became a living soul. the sick than He did in preaching. There is no dichotomy in the Bible Why? Was it not because He recognized Healing between body and spirit. The Hebrews that spiritual healing and restoration viewed these dimensions as a God-given involves every phase of man's being— Involves the unity rather than the dichotomy we so physical, mental, social, and spiritual? Whole Man often hear of today. Body and spirit Not only does good religion help pro were combined to make a living, think mote good health but we are learning ing human being. that good health promotes good reli Jesus understood this. When his gion. friends brought the paralytic to Jesus The Holy Spirit can communicate they took the sick man up to the roof with us only through the physical top because they couldn't get through mechanism of our brain nerves. Any the doorway jammed with people. From thing that interferes with the physio that vantage point they lowered him logical functioning of the brain can in through the ceiling into the very pres turn interfere with our ability to com ence of Jesus. The first thing Jesus did municate with God. Thus good religion was to forgive the man's sins. Then and good health go hand in hand. came healing. God's desire that His people enjoy to The assurance of God's approval pro tal health is expressed in 3 John 2: "Be motes physical health. When a man loved, I wish above all things that thou knows that he is right with God, his mayest prosper and be in health." Ac soul is fortified against doubt, perplex tually, however, this theme forms a ity, and even excessive grief. These continuous thread running throughout emotions have a lot to do with much the Scriptures. Right at the beginning illness prevailing today. If we are to the Bible tells us that God made man make man healthy and whole we must out of the dust of the earth and minister to both body and soul.

Health is not limited merely to a At Johns Hopkins University it has good functioning liver, rich red blood, 2. been found that people who attend bulging muscles, strong bones, smooth church have fewer illnesses than those skin, and a cooperative stomach. These "Nice Guys who do not. It is even suggested that are vital, but they are only part of the peace of mind and release from tensions picture. A calm, serene spirit is just as DIE Last" may be the major factors for fewer essential to health as properly func heart attacks among people who attend tioning organs. That is why trust in di church, as compared with those who vine power is the ultimate medicine do not.1 for a tired, nervous, frustrated human Leo Durocher is often quoted as hav being. Medical research tends to sub ing remarked, "Nice guys finish last!" stantiate this. Paraphrasing this for our purposes, we 26/The Ministry/November, 1975 might put it this way, based on several throes of stopping smoking or drinking studies that substantiate the results can tell you he needs all the help he discovered at Johns Hopkins, "Nice can get. He needs motives more power guys die last!" ful than any he can muster on his own. There is no question but that a per The unaided human will is virtually son's mental attitude has a great deal powerless against the temptations to do with his state of health and well- that destroy health of body and mind. being. An individual has a wonderful That is where trust in divine power source of strength when he believes comes in. that there is a loving Father in heaven Here is a wonderful promise for those who cares for him. This is what trust in who find temptation assailing them: divine power will do for you. It not only "There hath no temptation taken you prevents illnesses from arising; it is the but such as is common to man: but God power you need to make the right is faithful, who will not suffer you to be choices in taking care of your body. tempted above that ye are able; but will The one ingredient vital to the suc with the temptation also make a way cess of any new resolve is motivation. to escape, that ye may be able to bear Did you know that we now have evi it" (1 Cor. 10:13). dence, compiled by the United States Church people do have an advantage, Public Health Service, that when an for they accept as their motivating individual decides to stop smoking be power a strong belief in God. They feel cause of religious or moral convictions that they have an obligation to render he is virtually assured of success and God their body in as healthy a condition will not go back to smoking? This was as possible. discovered by a two-year follow-up "What? know ye not that your body study of ex-smokers. A report on this is the temple of the Holy Ghost which study states, "The expression of moral is in you, which ye have of God, and ye reasons for quitting was found to be a are not your own? For ye are bought 'perfect predictor' of successful absti with a price: therefore glorify God nence." 2 in your body, and in your spirit, which Anyone who has gone through the are God's" (1 Cor. 6:19, 20).

In spite of the clear Biblical evidence Plato is linked with the idea that the that God is interested in our physical 3. body is the prison from which the soul well-being, and the facts outlined must deliver itself. Cullmann sum above, which demonstrate that religion Need marizes the philosophy of Plato in this is important to good health, somewhere to Return respect as follows: along the line the Christian church be "Now, it must be granted that in gan to emphasize the spiritual nature to Biblical Greek thought there is also a very posi of man while paying little or no atten tive appreciation of the body. But in tion to his physical nature. In much of Concept Plato the good and beautiful in the cor Christendom today the need for main poreal are not good and beautiful in taining good health through proper care virtue of corporeality but rather, so to of the body is placed on the back burner. speak, in spite of corporeality: the soul, Many competing philosophies in the the eternal and the only substantial world that surrounded the church dur reality of being, shines faintly through ing its period of development contrib the material. The corporeal is not the uted to our current lack of emphasis on real, the eternal, the divine. It is the physical. For instance, the early merely that through which the real ap Christian church took the attitude that pears—and then only in debased the Roman and Grecian ways of life form." 4 pampered and indulged the body at The philosopher Plotinus, who lived the expense of the soul. So intense was in the third century A.D., is recognized the reaction of the church to this phi as the founder of a school of thought losophy that an overreaction to this that revived some of Plato's concepts way of life led to the opposite error. By into a system known as Neoplatonism. the time of the Middle Ages it was con This movement had its influence on the sidered immoral to view even one's own developing Christian church. body; therefore, people seldom bathed, Not only did the dualistic concept and wore notoriously dirty garments.3 creep into the early church from the The Ministry/November, 1975/27 influence of the Platonic tradition of The body is not of the Spirit" (Gal. 5:22-25) give evi the Greeks but the Eastern philosophy the prison house dence that the transformation has of Gnosticism also seems to have had a of the soul. taken place.8 significant part in its adoption into The anthropology of the New Testa Christianity. ment is far removed from the Greek, With its promise of salvation by re even though the writers use the Greek lease from bodily existence and its in language. The words soma, psuche, sistence that in this life we are to re and pneuma, although the same as press or ignore the body, Gnosticism those used by the Greek philosophers, was denounced as a heresy by church certainly are not to be understood from theologians, but "its influence did not the point of view of Greek thought. die with its condemnation." Dawe adds: The term soma designates the human "Gnosticism continued to have a subtle person in its totality, including the and distorting influence on much of psychic and spiritual function of the Christendom for centuries to come. In corporeal reality. Bultmann suggests 529 Justinian closed the medical that in a number of Pauline passages schools of Athens and Alexandria at the the term soma can be translated purely promptings of Church men. In 1215 In and simply by "I".9 nocent III condemned surgery. In 1248 As Zurcher points out, one must re dissection and the study of anatomy vert to the corresponding Hebrew were pronounced sacrilegious." 5 terms, nephesh and ruach, in order to Paul's writings demonstrate Jewish understand the Biblical usage of the tradition rather than Greco-Roman words psuche and pneuma. Their thought, even though he seems to have meaning is also quite different than been thoroughly conversant with the that which is given by the Greek phi latter. The body is not the prison house losophers. Concerning psuche Zurcher of the soul. Instead, Paul states: "I be states that its Biblical usage "indicates seech you therefore, brethren, by the man in his manifestations of living be mercies of God, that ye present your ing, but the purely biological and nat bodies a living sacrifice, holy, accept uralistic sense is generally superseded. able unto God, which is your reasonable Here again, psuche designates most service." 6 To the Corinthians he ad often human life as it is the individual dresses the rhetorical question: "What? life of a conscious and willing subject. know ye not that your body is the tem In other words, as for nephesh, the idea ple of the Holy Ghost which is in you, of psuche embraces the total man, the which ye have of God, and ye are not entire human personality, the individ your own? For ye are bought with a ual being in his perfect unity." 10 price: therefore glorify God in your The Greek word pneuma, he states, body, and in your spirit, which are is used in the metaphysical sense to God's." 7 designate one of the constitutive ele In spite of Paul's use of Greek terms ments of the human being, but is also that can easily be misunderstood in the used in a general way to designate the light of their common meaning in his complete manifestation of man in spir day, Paul remains psychologically what itual or intellectual form as well as of he calls himself, a "Hebrew of the He the manifestation of a person in his to brews." Some ascribe a sense of Platonic tality. Christian anthropology, then, dualism to his use of the term "flesh," affirms the perfect and indissoluble sarx. In 2 Corinthians 6:14-7:1, Paul unity of man. But it does also show that exhorts the Corinthian Christians the body is to the soul what "the out to cleanse the flesh as well as the spirit side of the cup and of the platter" is "to from all defilement. This could not be an interior." The "inside" as well as the done if the "flesh" were essentially evil. "outside" is the work of God, and the Paul's use of the word flesh in Romans "exterior man" is never more than the has led to a misunderstanding of his expression of the "interior man." He position. Particularly Romans 5 and 7 sees no trace of dualism in this con stress the sinfulness and weakness of cept. the "flesh." He views, as H. Wheeler A combination of dualism in the Pla Robinson points out, the flesh as having tonic tradition of the Greeks, an ab become the weak and corrupted instru horrence of sensual Roman life, and ment of sin, and weak and fallen flesh the influence of Gnosticism on the in cannot inherit the kingdom of God. But terpretation of Scripture brought into through Christ and the work of the the Christian church a divided view of Holy Spirit, man can be delivered from man, which led Christians to place a the power of sin established in the flesh low value on the importance of hygiene even in the present life, and the "fruits and physical fitness. Much of the death 28/The Ministry/November, 1975 and suffering blamed on "the will of continuing to follow tradition and God" by Christians through the ages place unwarranted emphasis on the should instead be attributed to their spiritual to the almost total exclusion disregard of the principles of health of the physical, should not the church and hygiene revealed in the Old Testa and its ministry today recognize, as ment Scriptures and also revealed in Christ and Paul did, the need for a Christ's ministry and the teachings of blended, integrated ministry to the Paul in the New Testament. Instead of needs of the whole person?

There is an increasing awareness employed by the hospital to direct the that science alone has not been able to 4. activities of these volunteers, which meet the health needs of the individ include aid to those who have returned ual, particularly in the areas of pre The Healing home from the hospital but need help vention of illness and permanent cor Team Today with housekeeping, shopping, trans rection of emotional problems. Sickness portation, baby-sitting, and meal prep and disease in our modern world have aration. been complicated by the social and There is a growing realization that ethical issues of our time. Many physi the time has come for the whole church cians are turning again to clergymen to to begin to work together in a combined secure their cooperation in areas that healing ministry. are beyond the realm of clinical prac This concept of ministry to the tice and scientific expertise. "whole man" is not limited to doctor- An article in the American Medical minister cooperation. The Christian News surveys some of the current at church was organized for and primarily tempts to put this growing emphasis exists as an agency designed to follow on medical-ministerial cooperation into in the footsteps of Christ in loving min practice. It tells of Dr. Richard May- istry to the needs of mankind, whether bin's search for a physician's assistant they be physical, mental, social, or to help in his practice in southwestern spiritual. Jesus did not compartmental North Carolina. He had begun to re ize His ministry into clinical and spirit alize that much of his time was spent ual phases. Neither does He expect His with people who merely wanted to talk followers to do so. or needed counseling. Recognizing that As Christians respond to the chal it was important to his patients' total lenge of Christ's exemplary ministry, health to receive this kind of care, each in the way his own background but this was not specifically what he and interest dictate, they will minister was trained to do, he invited a min together as part of a healing team. The ister, Ben Davis, to join him in provid time has come for the church to bring ing a "community approach" to his together what God never intended to medical practice. Dr. Maybin feels be separated—the spiritual and phys that he has had more time for ac ical dimensions of healing ministry. complishing what he was trained to do, and the two men have gained a reputa 1 C. W. Comstock, K. B. Partridge, "Church Attendance and Health," JourncU of Ch.ron.ic Disease 25:665-672, 1972. tion of joint concern for all aspects of (This report from School of Hygiene & Public Health, Johns man's well-being and for the general Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md.) 2 S. M. Waingrow, Report from National Clearinghouse on well-being of their community.11 Smoking & Health, USPHS, O. W. Elsinger paper, "Psycho- Many hospitals have hired chaplains social Predictors of Smoking Recidivism," Journal of Social Behaviour, December, 1971. (Dr. Waingrow is Assistant Di or established departments of pastoral rector of the National Clearinghouse on Smoking & Health, USPHS.) services. Some are even involving cler 3 D. G. Dawe, "The Attitude of the Ancient Church Toward gymen in emergency room duties. Medicine," Part n, Minnesota Medicine XLVH (November, 1964), 1352. 4 Oscar Cullmann, Immortality of the Soul or Resurrection "Someone Cares" of the Dead? (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1964), pp. 30, 31. 5 D. G. Dawe, op. cit. Not all medicine-religion programs 6 Romans 12:1. 7 1 Corinthians 6:19. directly involve ministers and physi 8 H. Wheeler Robinson, The Christian Doctrine of Man cians. The Santa Ana, California, Com (Edinburgh: T. and T. Clark, 1913), pp. 113-136. 9 Rudolph Bultmann, Theology of the New Testament, munity Hospital has inaugurated a trans. by Kendrick Grobel (New York: Scribner, 1951-1955), p. 194. "Someone Cares" program that has en 10 J. R. Zurcher, The Nature and Destiny of Man (New York: listed 163 volunteer helpers from cen Philosophical Library, 1969), pp. 153, 154. 11 Don Zeller, M.D., "Clergy Teams Working to Meet Total tral Orange County churches and Health Needs," American Medical News, October 4, 1971, synagogues. A full-time coordinator is pp. 8, 9. The Ministry/November, 1975/29 eight sharp to check over a few things." Dottie and Roger decided to follow the Victory van for a while on the freeway and try to keep up with it. They seemed to be mak ing good time for the first two and a half hours. Then Roger noticed it! The Over van seemed to be heading for the guard rail. Dottie screamed as Roger dug his foot desperately into the brake. The Fatigue side of the van became a mountain of steel moving toward them. As Dottie's shrieks faded into a roar of skidding rubber treads she thought she saw lights above her. Then all was black. The lights nickered on and off again —seemingly high overhead. Somewhere a voice as in a dream spoke: "She's a little tight, Bill." "More relaxation," said another voice. As the anesthesiologist increased the anesthetic, another physician stood at the monitor watching the flickering lights and shaking his head. Nurses scurried across the sterile room carry ing trays and tubes. The masked team around the table worked frantically, and someone called for more blood to be brought in. "ROGER, QUICKLY, the moving Outside in the long tiled corridor a van is here!" G. ROBERT ELLIS hospital official questioned the State "I'm coming, dear. Just can't get this patrolman, "Just what is the official big chest through the bedroom door— report, officer?" how'd we ever get it in here in the first "Truck driver fell asleep at the wheel place?" —tried to push himself too far. Just a Dottie and Roger have been up half case of fatigue." the night getting ready, packing, trying "Fatigue," said the hospital attendant to organize for their move from Harried with a note of irony in his voice. "We've Heights. And because in the morning got the two truckers in emergency— people think they can do twice as much they'll be O.K., but with those fractures, as what little time they have allows, they'll both be off the road for six months. Roger and Dottie are trying to juggle The husband's in fair shape, but he'll two days' work into one. pull through all right. The wife's critical, They drank so much coffee the night though. Don't know about her yet. Fa before, staying up late doing their in tigue!" come tax, that they had to take sleeping "Looks like you could use some sleep pills to get to sleep, aspirin the next yourself," said the policeman. morning for their headaches, and ant "Yeah. Been on call thirty-six hours acids for their squeamish stomachs already this weekend, but I have to drive when the breakfast jelly doughnuts home as soon as I'm off and take the kids didn't agree with them. But they're not to school, 'cause the wife's on early- the only ones on this routine. morning shift now. What a life, huh!" Jud and Bert, the moving men, just Dottie can be thankful that she did pulled in from Hastingsville, and they pull through. Many others do not. But have to make tracks to get Dottie and one thing you can say for sure, Roger Roger's stuff over to Busy Town, nearly and Dottie will remember in the future a day's drive away. that the human body can take just so "Boy, I sure could use a snooze," ad much exertion. mits Jud, "but we've got to get on the go." When you are tired, your body does "Go is right," chimes in Bert, "if we're not respond well to any activity. As a re going to meet Roger at his new house sult, people often push themselves even at seven o'clock tomorrow morning." further to try to get things done. Strenu "Seven!" yells Jud. "Wow, I thought ous muscle activity. Long hours of men it was at least gonna be eight!" tal push. It just doesn't pay off in the "Nope," answers Bert, "Roger's new long run. boss wants him to pop in the office at There are two kinds of fatigue most 30/The Ministry/November, 1975 people experience. Craig Baxter, for in symphonic Beethoven backgrounds to stance, farms all day, hauling bales of twenty scenes of ultra-violence. hay or breaking up the hard ground, The late news on TV before going to plowing and sowing, stooping along the bed that night doesn't improve matters fallow rows and inspecting the soil, or —it merely provides the riots, hijack checking the ears of corn in the low field ings, floods, earthquakes, fires, and along the creek. When Craig sits down assassinations that will filter their way to read the paper at night he just drops into their troubled fits of dreams. The right off to sleep. He's worn out. His fa completed day of modern man—a night tigue leaves him relaxed. Hypotonic mare of tension and stress. fatigue is what Craig experiences. But Bud Carter pushes papers across Is There an Answer? his desk all day. He rushes through a But is there no answer to all this pile of correspondence, dictates madly chaos? Yes, you can wait until contin until lunch, grabs a bite to eat, sits down ued fatigue forces a stroke or fatal at the desk again and tackles a wall of heart attack. Then you'll have nothing accounting ledgers and unbalanced to worry about at all. Fifty-five out of figures that strain his brain. Bud tries every 100 Americans who die each year hard to get to sleep when he comes home iii do so either from heart attack or stroke. HEALTH PRODUCTIONS, at night, but he is so mentally ex SCHOOL OF HEALTH They've tensed their blood vessels and hausted that his fatigue drops him off heightened their blood pressure and at his house tight and tense. Another raised their cholesterol levels so high fight with his wife doesn't help a bit, . . . they finally pop their corks— either—and they didn't even mean to plinnng! snap! argue over what stupid TV show to Betty and Cory Hambleton, however, watch until all bleary-eyed hours of the decided they didn't want that to happen morning. Poor Bud Carter suffers from to them. The Hambletons have two kids hypertonic fatigue. in grade school. Betty is a practical Bud and Craig need to trade places nurse and usually works full time. Cory for a few days—balance off their differ is an editor and works for a big news ent life-styles. What would be ideal, of paper in Bustle City. When Cory comes course, is for Bud to work part of the day home at the end of a work-packed day, with Craig on the farm and Craig to the chatter of the kids about what they work the rest of the day with Bud in the did at school only adds to his swelling office. A job that balances physical work headache. with mental activity would do untold So what does Betty do? Tell him to go good to thousands. But life isn't always soak his head? No, she suggests he soak constructed just the way we would like his feet—in warm water. It usually it to be. helps. The blood is drained from the cranium and the headache subsides. The Modern Life-style Betty tells all her neighbors how a warm What is modern life made up of any bath or shower followed by a rubdown way? With too many families it's begin or massage can really help them un ning the day by jumping out of bed, wind. grabbing a bite to eat, and rushing off Then the Hambletons eat a light sup to work without a good breakfast. per—light so they will sleep well—and Driving adds to the tension. Red lights they have a very special rule in their all the way into town. Agonizing house. Little talking in the evenings at bumper-to-bumper stalling on the ex the table, because Mom and Dad listen pressways. Pileups on the turnpikes. A to their favorite relaxing music and boss who's a bear. A secretary who read to each other from their collection spends more time at her coffee break of enjoyable books—while the kids lis than she does at her desk. ten! And if it's life at home with mother, Then they go outside for the most im there's always the eight children your portant thing they need. Exercise! In kids just brought home from their the spring and summer when the days neighborhood collection, the spilled are long and daylight lingers for hours, Hawaiian punch on the newly waxed the entire family works in the garden. kitchen floor, the cat scratch mother In autumn the four of them ride their discovered on her brand-new living bikes for blocks and blocks through the room breakfront. falling colors of crisp leaves that speckle And so to relax, the young couples of their neighborhood. In the winter every modern suburbia go out to a movie: 12 one helps with shoveling snow and fi murders, 14 major gunfights, 32 per nally making the one great big snow sons shot, 11 fist fights, and thundering man. And as muscles are used, fatigue The Ministry/November, 1975/31 falls away like the fresh falling snow. long as you're well bundled up in win There is another family less fortunate ter) or send some refreshing rain to play than the Hambletons. She is a family on your forehead, turning all those wor of one. The neighbors along her block of ried furrows into a smile. And when you red-brick row houses with white marble echo the pitter-patter on your umbrella, steps scrubbed dull through the years your song will not be of fatigue. And of time have come to call her Grandma when you drag your feet through the Greene. She lives in the same two-story autumn leaves or the crystal-patterned house she lived in fifty years ago when glistenings of newly fallen snow, your she and her husband first came to town. step will spring like march tempo but They had just been married then. Now seldom with fatigue. he is gone—been dead some ten years And keep it going at work. Take wa or so. ter breaks, not coffee breaks. Take kit Grandma Greene got tired just sitting ten naps with your eyes closed for a tiny and looking out the window. She smiled while. Shut out the business banter for at the same people who always passed a time—even if you have to press your by and nodded. She rocked in her chair hands to your ears—and think of roses and sometimes fixed something light to in the spring or the fishing boat on the eat. Once in a while she walked to the lake drifting lazily along the water's corner grocery, but more often than not edge and gliding restfully through tall the neighbor boy ran to the store for her. green reeds. She really didn't do much of anything, And sometimes you may even have to Grandma Greene. Yet she was awfully say to your boss, "Jim, I've just got to tired. You see, she was bored. And as go out for a minute or two and take a with stress and tension, boredom can quick walk around the block." And Jim also bring on fatigue. will probably reply, "Hold on a minute, An Amazing Discovery Steve, I'm coming with you. I need it too!" Then one day when Pastor Kindly And if you're not musical like happened to visit Grandma Greene he Grandma Greene, and if you don't fish made an amazing discovery. "Why, like Jim and Steve, and if you can't af yes, Pastor," she said, "it's true. When ford four ten-speed bikes like the happy we used to live on Forty-second Street I Hambletons, there are a hundred thou played the organ for all the services at sand other beautiful and wonderful ideas the church. But I can't remember any you can find to interest and keep hap of that now!" pily active even the most fatigued cor "Tell me," thought Pastor Kindly out ners of your mind. Grow an herb garden loud, "do you think you'd be willing to in your tiny apartment kitchen. Buy a play a little on the old piano in the bundle of books on Switzerland and primary room? We lost our Mrs. Helpful Austria and Japan—and put Emily there—her husband was transferred to Dickinson to the test: "There is no frig a job out of State. I mean, the songs the ate like a book" and sail the seven seas little tots sing are simple. They just need as you browse and muse to your heart's someone to sort of help them along." content. Pastor Kindly could tell by the twinkle And if you want to turn your hobby that started deep in the hidden re into money, why there's always baking cesses of Grandma Greene's faint eyes homemade bread for the neighbors or that he had won a victory that day. A putting up tomato and corn preserves. desire was kindled, and as if out of the If you'd like to try painting, you might depths of a secret treasure a light sell a few canvases to the local bank. shone. "I'll try!" said Grandma Greene And for the rough and ready handyman, with determination. there are a hundred fascinating sculp Now you won't guess who's giving be tures and functional toys he can weld ginning lessons three days a week on together from old car parts and nuts that old piano in the primary room at and bolts and pieces of pipe. All you have Pastor Kindly's little inner-city church. to do is want to. Put your will power in And she loves it. She's rarely bored any action—now! more—and what's better yet, Grandma Determine to demolish fatigue. Run Greene hardly ever feels tired. Her fa it out of your life with exercise. Crowd tigue is gone. it out of your life with art and music So would yours be gone—if only you and vegetable gardens. Be like Ron would be willing to try. To try some ex Turnabout, who yelled with glee, "Re ercise. To try a little more of being out laxation, here I come, ready or not!" doors. To let nature get hold of you and blow some breezes down your back (as Reprinted from Life and Health, November, 1974. 32/The Ministry/November, 1975 To Peel or Not to Peel

ALLAN R. MAGIE INDEPENDENCE DAY, 1975, found me atop a mountain in southern Cali fornia with my two young sons. We were eating lunch. My wife had in cluded some sweet and juicy navel oranges that really made a hit after the long hike to the summit. As I sat peel ing the orange, I noticed some very friendly chipmunks interestedly watch ing me. I decided to throw them pieces of the peel. After taking a few nibbles they carried the remainder away to a probable storehouse to be eaten later. Since this solved a garbage problem for me, I threw the rest in their direction, and before we began our descent no evi dence remained of the delightful feast we had enjoyed! Some may wonder why I didn't eat the peelings myself—after all, don't they contain valuable nutrients needed by my body? Somehow I've never been able to get them down, that is, unless they have been prepared in a more tasty fashion. However, this did get me to thinking about the "packaging" of the bountiful variety of fruits that God has provided for our enjoyment and nutrition. In Genesis 1:29 we read that God has given us "every tree bearing fruit which yields seed: they shall be yours for food" (N.E.B.).* I find it hard to believe that the fruit that came forth from the Creator's hand was drastically different from that available to us to day. I have to assume also that my di gestive system and nutrient require ments are similar to Adam's. Therefore I am not conscience stricken when I cast aside a peach pit (I do sometimes eat the skins), a banana peel, or refuse of some type from the fruit I enjoy so frequently. Allan R. Magie, Ph.D., M.P.H., is With respect to fruit eating, there associate professor are three kinds of people in the world. of environmental There are those who peel everything health, School of and those who feel you should eat it all Health, Lonta (within reason)—peelings, seeds, and Linda University. whatever. Between these two ex- SKIP BAKER The Ministry/November, 1975/33 tremes exists a sizable majority (in God provided an phosphorus, and potassium. For the cluding myself) who eat some fruit with abundant variety rest of the nutrients you fare rather peelings and some without. of fruits for the nu poorly: slightly less thiamin (vitamin I might add at this point that some tritional needs of Bi); only half as much protein, carbo many of His crea chronic "peelers" can enjoy a dried tures. What humans hydrate, vitamin A, and niacin; a third peach, pear, et cetera, without realizing don©t eat, other as much sodium, riboflavin (vitamin that the "skins" are included! On the creatures may. 82), and vitamin C; less than a fourth other hand, I have never personally of the iron; and a whopping one fif seen a "nonpeeler" crunch down a ba teenth as much calcium. But don't nana skin, the fibrous covering of a worry, your teeth aren't going to fall pineapple, or the spiny armor of the out—the green leafy vegetables will smelly, yet delightful, tropical durian. make up for the loss. Now, why all this sudden interest in But you've overlooked the fiber, I can peelers and nonpeelers? Well, it seems hear someone say. Yes, but fruit is only that some peel-eaters feel superior to one source of fiber, and if I am eating those who do not because of their fruit- an adequate diet of unrefined foods I eating habits. They would never think get plenty to stay regular and healthy. of peeling an apple, for instance, be And the variety is appealing to the ap cause they believe valuable nutrients petite. would be lost that make them "health ier" individuals. But even "peelers" A Word to the Peelers don't always follow the practice. Ever Those who peel their fruit probably see one peeling the skins off cherries, remove the outer covering of many of blackberries, or strawberries? the fruits they eat because they feel As far as an apple is concerned, the the material is difficult to digest, not facts do reveal that one eaten unpeeled worth much nutritionally, or for a va does provide a few more nutrients than riety of other reasons. Yet, quite one that is peeled beforehand. A freshly frankly, the arguments for removing harvested, peeled apple has slightly the peelings before eating certainly fewer calories and carbohydrate and don't warrant it in most cases. If you half as much fat, vitamin A, and vi are trying to avoid the "poisons" a good tamin C. The last three nutrients are washing with a detergent should help. found primarily in the skin or under God provided an abundant variety of lying cells. In addition, the unpeeled fruits for the nutritional needs of many apple has twice as much magnesium of His creatures. What humans don't and five times as much aluminum. eat, other creatures may. However, for the other major vitamins The skin of the fruit is packaging (thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin) and that may or may not be eaten, and the minerals (calcium, iron, potassium, part that we call fruit often has other phosphorus, and sodium) as well as functions. These include nourishment protein, the amounts are essentially the for the seed that will sprout into a new same. Of course, any toxic chemicals plant and provisions that the seed it left on the fruit during cultivation or contains will be carried by animals to processing would not be present in the a new area to yield future generations peeled apple. there. And even if this wasn't required, Wide Variety Provided God loves to demonstrate His affection for His creatures through the endless My understanding of God's provi variety of shapes, colors, fragrances, sion for man's diet is that He planned and tastes of the fruit given for our for us to eat a wide variety of foods. sustenance and health. This means that if I happen to peel an Each fruit provides for the human apple, the nutrients that might be lack diet its own special blend of vitamins ing because they are found in the skins and minerals and it seems that we will would probably be included in the other find an even more bountiful supply of fruits I eat. We should also consider this luscious commodity in the earth all the fresh vegetables, too—they con made new, tain most of the same kinds of nutri "Happy are those who wash their ents as fruits. robes clean! They will have the right to Let's take another look at that orange the tree of life" "which yields twelve I ate. Not many people eat orange crops of fruit, one for each month of rinds, but if they realized the nutrients the year" (Rev. 22:14, 2, N.E.B.). fif they were missing they might change their minds. If you drink only the juice * Texts credited to N.E.B. are from The New English Bible. © The Delegates of the Oxford University Press and the Syn of an orange and throw away the rest dics of the Cambridge University Press 1970. Reprinted by you get about the same amount of fat, permission. 34/The Ministry/November, 1975 Language and context forbid any other conclusion. Their subsequent fall does Onee Saved. not obviate the fact that their believ ing, while it lasted, was actual saving faith. Always The second observation which we would make concerning our Saviour's parable is that those who "bring forth Saved? fruit with patience" are those who, "having heard the word, keep it" (v. 15) in contrast with those who be lieve only "for a while." It is essential that those who receive the word "keep it." The necessity that a man faithfully retain the saving Word once received, if he would continue in grace and eternal life, is declared by Jesus in John 8:51, "Verily, verily, I say unto CHRISTIANS have long been di ROBERT SHANK you, If a man keep my saying [word, vided over the question of whether a R.S.V.] he shall never see death." Simi man, once saved, can subsequently for lar are His words in Luke 11:28, feit salvation. The doctrine of the per "Blessed are they that hear the word severance of the saints popularly de of God, and keep it." The context fined as "once in grace, always in grace" (verses 24-28) indicates that faithfully has been championed with fervor by keeping the Word, once heard and re millions of sincere Christians and de ceived, is the way of continued de vout Bible scholars. It has been op liverance and salvation. Compare His posed with equal fervor by other mil statement in Matthew 10:22: "He that lions, equally sincere and devout. endureth to the end shall be saved." In any consideration of the question before us, our real concern must be, The Testimony of Paul, James, and "What saith the Scripture?" In all their John teaching, our Lord and the apostles constantly appealed to the Holy Scrip Warning that "some shall depart tures. To them must be addressed our from the faith," Paul admonishes first and final appeal in our considera Timothy, pastor of the church at tion of the doctrine of the security of Ephesus, to "take heed unto thyself, the believer. and unto the doctrine; continue in them: for in doing this thou shalt both The Sower save thyself, and them that hear thee" In this article, we shall consider three (1 Timothy 4:16). He warns the Co discourses of Jesus, the first of which is rinthians that, by means of the gospel Luke's account of our Lord's interpre which they accepted when he preached tation of His Parable of the Sower. to them, they are now being saved "if Let us make two observations con you hold firmly to it," "the message that cerning these words of our Lord. First, I preached to you" (1 Corinthians 15: it is possible for one to believe only 1, 2, T.E.V.). temporarily (v. 13). We are confronted, James urges his brethren to continue of course, with the question of what is to "receive with meekness the en meant by the word "believe." Does it grafted word, which is able to save your here denote actual saving faith, or a souls" (James 1:21). John warns his "believing" which falls short of true dear children in the faith against the saving faith? The use of the word in efforts of apostates to lead them astray verse 12 establishes its meaning as it through false doctrines, exhorting them is employed in the parable. It is clearly to "let what you heard from the begin a believing unto salvation: "... lest ning [the true gospel] abide in you. If they should believe and be saved." what you heard from the beginning There is no warrant for assigning a abides in you, then you will abide in different meaning to the word as it ap the Son and in the Father. And this is pears in verse 13, and any exegesis what he has promised us, eternal life" which requires this is obviously preju (1 John 2:24, 25, R.S.V. Compare 2 diced. Those who "for a while believe" Robert Shank is Timothy 3:13-15, Colossians 1:21-23, are depicted by Jesus as making a sin author of the book Revelation 3:11). cere beginning in the life of faith. Life in the Sun. It is the testimony of our Saviour and The Ministry/November, 1975/35 the New Testament writers that an The Peril (v. 45): "That servant" may initial reception of the word of the grow careless and become unfaithful gospel must be followed by faithful during his lord's long absence. retention, if men are to continue in the The Penalty (v. 46): The lord will saving grace of Christ and the eternal come unexpectedly and "cut him in life of God. sunder" and "appoint him his portion with the unbelievers" (or the "unfaith The Steward ful"). The second discourse of Jesus which Some may wish to argue that the we shall consider in His Parable of the parable, after all, is only hypothetical— Lord and His Steward. which, of course, may be argued with It has been argued by some that the respect to all the parables of Jesus. But unfaithful steward of Luke 12:45,46 was such argument is without point. Our never a true disciple, but only a hypo Lord's parables were given, not as en crite from the beginning, and the Lord's tertainment, but to convey solemn sudden appearance simply brings to spiritual verities. Whatever else our an end his false pretension of disciple- Lord's parable may teach, it cannot be ship. Such an argument rests on two denied that it clearly teaches that one false assumptions: who is a true disciple of Christ, known First, it must be assumed that two of Him and entrusted with solemn different stewards are in view in the responsibilities, can through careless parable, one of whom proves faithful, ness and presumption depart from the and the other of whom proves unfaith path of faithfulness and finally inherit ful. But Jesus did not speak of two everlasting shame and ruin. stewards. Rather, He spoke only of The thesis that there are two possible "that servant." Language forbids any courses open to the disciple during his assumption that more than one serv Lord's long absence is substantiated in ant is in view in the parable. Luke 12:39. Jesus declared that the The second false- assumption on goodman of the house who "suffered which the argument of original hy his house to be broken through" could pocrisy must rest is the assumption have watched, had he chosen to do so. that the lord was unaware of the true The thesis is frequently affirmed in the character of his steward at the time of New Testament, perhaps nowhere his appointing, being deceived by his more concisely than in Hebrews 10:38: hypocrisy. This might happen in the "Now the just shall live by faith: but if affairs of ordinary men; but it cannot he draw back, my soul shall have no happen to our Saviour, who is the lord pleasure in him." in the parable. While it is true that many pretend to be servants of Christ Possibility of Paul©s Rejection who do not know and follow Him as Paul recognized the fearful possibility Saviour and Lord, it is equally true of ultimately finding himself rejected, that Christ Himself cannot person should he allow himself to become care ally entrust responsibilities in His less and indulgent toward sin. In 1 Co holy service to men who are not His. rinthians 9:27, he declares his purpose And it is ever true that "the Lord know- to continually subdue his body, with its eth. them that are his" (2 Timothy fleshly appetites, "lest that by any 2:19). means, when I have preached to others, It is obvious that Jesus' parable has I myself should be a castaway [be re no application to men who do not know jected, N.E.B.]." Him as Saviour and Lord, and who Many have contended that Paul's have not sincerely undertaken to follow fear was not that he might fail of salva and serve Him. His parable concerns tion, but rather that he might find him only men who know Him and to whom self disqualified for further service as He commits solemn responsibilities as an apostle and that he might fail to re His true disciples. ceive the full reward which faithfulness A correct analysis of the parable is secures. Appeal is made to the earlier as follows: part of chapter 9 as context, especially The Question (v. 42): Who is "the verses 16-18. But such an appeal ignores faithful and wise steward" whom his the significance of the immediate con lord will reward at his coming? text, 9:23-10:14. Paul appeals to the ex The Answer (v. 43): That servant perience of the Israelites in the wilder whom his lord when he cometh shall ness in confirmation of his statement find doing as instructed. concerning himself in chapter 9:26, and The Reward (v. 44): "He will make as a powerful warning to the Corinthians him ruler over all that he hath." who may be tempted to flirt with the 36/The Ministry/November, 1975 idolatrous practices of their neighbors. eth in me, and I in him, the same bring- Influence of the immediate context es eth forth much fruit" (verse 5). tablishes the fact that Paul's fear was The third important truth is that the the possibility of losing, not opportu consequences of failure to abide in Christ nities or rewards for service, but the are (1) fruitlessness, verses 4, 5; and salvation of his own soul. It is a hum (2) removal, verses 2, 6. bling thought for us all to see this whole Advocates of the doctrine of uncondi some fear instead of smug complacency tional security invariably have found in this greatest of all heralds of Christ. themselves hard pressed to interpret The Foundation Principle John 15:1-6. Reading their comments on this brief passage, one is continually The third discourse which we shall reminded of the words on the sign over consider contains some of the most sol the old ironsmith's shop: "All kinds of emn and intimate words ever uttered fancy twistings and turnings done by our Saviour concerning the nature of here." the relation between Himself and all who Of those who are cast forth from the would be His. The words were spoken Vine, proponents of the doctrine of on the eve of His betrayal shortly after eternal security would have us believe He had instituted the simple supper that "doubtless there are those who which is to serve as a memorial of His seem to depart from grace, and to go death until He comes again, and which back from union with Christ; but we is the symbol of our partaking, by faith, need not doubt in such cases that the of the body and blood of Him who is our grace was not real, but seeming, and the life. union was not true, but fictitious." The words of our Lord in John 15 con This, of course, is a necessary assump tain the foundation principle governing tion for the advocates of unconditional the relation of Christ and the individual security. Its necessary corollary, further throughout his earthly sojourn in a more, is the contention that the moral and spiritual universe. Every "branches in Me" of which Jesus spoke pertinent Bible passage and every con are not necessarily true believers. sideration of the question of the indi vidual's relation to the Saviour must Necessity of Denning be equated and evaluated in the light of Unable to deny that "branches" de the foundation principle enunciated by fect and are cast forth, the proponents of our Lord. unconditional security find themselves Throughout his earthly sojourn, the under the necessity of "defining" the relation of the individual to Christ is branches. They therefore contend that never a static relationship existing as it cannot be shown that a "branch in the irrevocable consequence of a past Me" must mean a believer in Me. It decision, act, or experience. Rather, it means nothing more than "a professing is a present mutual indwelling of the member of My church, a man joined to believer and the Saviour, the sharing the company of My people, but not of a common life which emanates from joined to Me." Such a contention is nec Him "who is our life" (Colossians 3:4). essary, of course, if one is to defend the For the believer, it is a living participa doctrine of unconditional security. But tion proceeding upon a living faith in a some of us find it difficult to conceive of living Saviour. The principle is reduced Jesus as saying to His apostles, "I am to its simplest statement in the words the vine, and all who are professing of Jesus, "Abide in me, and I in you" members of My church and joined to the (John 15:4). company of My people, though not nec Let us observe three essential truths essarily joined to Me, are the branches in our Lord's teaching in John 15:1-6. in Me." First, the mutual indwelling of the dis Another advocate of the doctrine ciples and the Saviour is dependent upon states, "In a certain sense, even hypo the volition of the disciples. "Abide crites may be said to be in Christ, partly [meno dwell, remain, continue] in me, because, in the external fellowship of and I in you" (verse 4). The indwelling of the Church, they partake of the sacra Christ within the disciples is presented ment of union with Christ, and there as the corollary of their abiding in Him. fore boast themselves of being in Christ: The second truth to observe is that the partly because they are esteemed by consequences of continuing to abide in others to be such as belong to the mys Christ are His continued indwelling tical body, or at least are tolerated in the (verse 4, first part), and the consequent external communion of the disciples." fruitfulness of the disciple: "I am the But again, it is difficult to conceive of vine, ye are the branches: He that abid- Jesus as saying: "I am the vine, and all The Ministry/November, 1975/37 who partake of the sacrament in the external fellowship of the church and The Timely Twetve-H who therefore boast themselves of being in Me and are esteemed by others to be such as belong to My mystical body, or at least are tolerated in the external Zechariah-- communion of My disciples, are the branches." Similarly, in an attempt to reconcile Visions the passage with their point of view, another commentator declares that of Victory ". . . many are supposed to be in the vine, according to the opinion of men, who ac tually have no root in the vine." The simple fact is, however, that Jesus was not speaking about the opinions of men but about solemn realities—about things as they are, not as man may imagine them to be. We must protest that any definition of the branches that THE BOOK of Zechariah deserves cannot easily be inserted into our Sav much more attention on the part of iour's discourse without a sense of glar Christians than it is usually given. Not ing incongruity is obviously inadmis only is it the longest of the works pro sible. And again, it is unthinkable that duced by the minor prophets, being di Christ should say, "I am the vine, and vided into fourteen chapters, but it is all who are supposed to be in the vine ac the most Messianic, eschatological, and cording to the opinion of men, some of apocalyptic of the writings of the timely whom do not actually have root in the twelve. vine, are the branches." Such arbitrary Like Ezekiel and Jeremiah, Zechariah definitions of the branches, ridiculous was both priest and prophet. His grand as they are, are nevertheless unavoid father Iddo was one of the priests who able for all who deny this fact: Jesus returned with Zerrubbabel from Baby taught that men who are true believers lon (Neh. 12:4). Zechariah seems to be can ultimately abandon faith and fail a much younger contemporary of Hag- to abide in Him, thus to wither, be cast gai, whose plainness and forthrightness forth and, in the end, burned. were nicely balanced by the more vision Again, all who would define the ary outlook and literary skill of the branches as mere professors outwardly young prophet. associated with the visible church must Possessed of a vivid imagination, require Jesus to refer, not to Himself, Zechariah exhibits the intriguing traits but to the church as "the vine." But of impetuosity, curiosity, and enthu Jesus did not say, "The church is the siasm. He is idealistic and colorful, and vine," but rather, "I am the vine." Nor certainly a well-chosen instrument for did He speak of "branches in the church," the production of an apocalyptic mes but of "branches in Me." Let it be ob sage. His writings present a glowing pic served that only what has first been ture of the present power of God to alive can become withered. strengthen and encourage, as well as a Let us be done with "all kinds of fancy revelation of God's infinite compassion twistings and turnings" in a futile at and love. tempt to reconcile John 15:1-6 with er The prophet Amos was also given in roneous views concerning salvation and struction through visions but not to the eternal life. Let us recognize the union extent that Zechariah was. The young of Vine and branches to be what it is— prophet's visions emphasize the Lord's the living union of Christ and all true encouragement to His people to rebuild believers, who derive life from Him. the Temple, but they are also of univer Let us accept at face value our Saviour's sal comfort to the church. The last mes grave and loving warning that it is in sages of this exciting book emphasize deed possible for us to forfeit eternal restoration and ultimate glory. Zech- life by failing to abide in Him "who is ariah's distinctive theme seems to be our life." M that there is no excuse for our faith to be weak when Christ is our strength. This article is a chapter from the book Life in the Son, by Zechariah obviously points to the Robert Shank, Westcott Publishers, Springfield, Missouri, and is used by permission. Now in a fourteenth printing with 45,000 long-expected Redeemer. The Messiah copies in print, the book is widely regarded as the definitive an swer to the long-debated question of the possibility of apostasy. is presented as both the Branch and the It is priced at $5.95. Servant in chapter 3:8 and again as the 38/The Ministry/November, 1975 Branch in chapter 6:12. Christ's trium phal entry into Jerusalem is foretold in chapter 9:9. In chapter 11, verses 12 and 13, there is an indication that the Messiah would be sold for thirty shekels of silver. Zechariah also portrays Christ as a rejected shepherd who is wounded in the house of His friends (chap. 13:6, 7). In chapter 12:10 He is pointed to as the one "whom they have pierced." His sheep would be scattered (chap. 13:7), yet He is to return and establish His kingdom of glory with the New Jerusa lem as its capital (chap. 14). Yet Christ's ultimate triumph will not be apart from that of His people—the "holy ones" will be with Him and when He says, "They are my people," they will say, "The Lord is my God" (chaps. 14:5; 13:9). garments and hears the angel say to LEOR. those who are standing before him, Zechariah was called to the prophetic VAN DOLSON ministry about two months after Haggai "Remove the filthy garments from him," began his prophetic ministry. No one Zechariah cannot contain himself. He worker can appeal to every class of per calls out, "Let them set a fair mitre son, and in these two strikingly differ upon his head." And, interestingly, they ent prophets who were united in one followed his instructions. purpose, God was able to reach out to In chapter 4, however, the angel turns many who would not have responded the tables and asks the first question of to the efforts of just one of them. Zech the curious young prophet, "What do ariah seems to have been effective in you see?" Zechariah describes the golden reaching those who had not responded lampstands with seven lamps and the to Haggai's appeal. two olive trees nearby. However, he The appeal to return to the Lord, doesn't wait for the angel to question found in the introduction of the book, him again, but immediately asks, "What is reinforced by a series of eight visions are these, my lord?" found in chapters 1:7 to 6:8. One of the The angel carries on the dialog by fascinating features of this portion of responding, "Don't you know what these the book is the way the personality of are?" When Zechariah replies, "No, my the young prophet shines through. In lord," the angel goes on to explain the chapter 1:8 we find that as soon as he is vision to him. This dialog continues introduced to the vision of the horse through the eighth vision, and undoubt men among the myrtle trees, he im edly we are better able to understand petuously interrupts the vision to ask, these rather perplexing portrayals be "What are these?" I can imagine the cause of the curiosity exhibited by the angel of the vision smiling as he an young prophet. swers, "I will show you what they are." This section of the writings of Zech According to verse 18 Zechariah is ariah closes with the symbolic -^owning given another vision. This time he sees of the high priest. Many commentators four horns. Without even giving time agree that this points to the time when for an explanation, his curiosity causes Christ the Branch will be a priest upon him to blurt out, "What are these?" The His throne. angel explains and Zechariah catches a What About Fast Days glimpse of four carpenters or smiths. As we would expect by now, he ques The second major division of the book tions, "What are these coming to do?" is found in chapters 7 and 8. About The patient angel answers, "These rep two years before the rebuilding of the resent the healing power that God will Temple was completed a deputation use to restore His people and His tem was sent to pray and to inquire of the ple." priests and prophets concerning the ob As we come to the visions of chapter 2, servance of some of the minor fast Zechariah is still full of curiosity. He days. Through His prophet God tells them in essence, "As far as I'm con sees a man with a measuring line in his Leo R. Van Dolson, hand and calls out, "Where are you go Ph.D., is an execu cerned in this matter, there's no differ ing?" When in chapter 3 he is shown tive editor of The ence between your fasting or not fast Joshua the high priest dressed in filthy Ministry. ing. You'd have been far better off to The Ministry/November, 1975/39 pay attention to the messages that I sion on His people. The result described sent through the prophets." They were in chapter 13 is that idols and false strict about obeying the minor observ prophets are to be destroyed and His ances but at the same time were ignor people will be refined. ing the major instruction God was The final triumph of His people will sending them. be seen in the last great day of the The last section of chapter 7 can be Lord, as outlined in chapter 14. Here compared with Isaiah 58:6-10. The kind are scenes from the last stages of the of fasting that God appreciates is that great controversy between Christ and which leads to the practical demon & Satan. All the nations will be gathered stration of truth and judgment and against Jerusalem to battle, but Christ kindness and mercy to others; but the will overcome and destroy them. The people in Isaiah's day refused to listen. New Jerusalem has descended upon They shrugged their shoulders in stub the Mount of Olives and after sin is bornness. They stopped their ears, and destroyed, Christ will reign as supreme. as a result their hearts were as hard as There will be no more destruction nor stone. Therefore, captivity came to plagues. All peoples will worship the them. Since they had not listened Lord. Christ and His saints shall reign when God called, He did not listen without interference. when they called, and their land was As we have taken a brief look at the left desolate. scope of the little known and often ig Another Chance nored book of Zechariah, we can read ily see that there are still unexplored But now, according to chapter 8, they depths to probe and apocalyptic and have another chance. If God's people eschatological passages that deserve will "speak the truth to one another, much prayerful and thoughtful study. render in your gates judgments that are The promises that were made to God's true and make for peace," and "not people in the days of Zechariah were devise evil in your hearts against one never adequately fulfilled, since they another, and love no false oath" (chap. did not fully accept the Messiah. The 8:16, 17, R.S.V.), then God will be able wonderful and glorious fulfillment is to bless them and theirs will be "a sow to be realized in the days still ahead. ing of peace" (verse 12). Instead of fast ing there shall be "seasons of joy and gladness, and cheerful feasts" (verse 19). The book of Zechariah closes with AAM Study Guide—Zechariah two oracles. The first, in chapters 9-11, Members of the Academy of Adventist details the extent of the restoration and Ministers or readers who may wish to concludes with the thought that God's join this organization and receive acad people will shine like jewels in the emy credit should mail their response to eternal diadem of Christ (chap. 9:16). the following questions to the AAM, In chapter 10 they are counseled to General Conference Ministerial Associa seek the Lord for His blessing. When tion. Responses to all twelve study they do so the following promises will guides on the minor prophets fulfill one be fulfilled: (1) strength will be given year's study requirements for AAM them; (2) they will be as though He membership (fifty clock hours). had not cast them off; (3) they will have 1. Select one of the visions described rejoicing; (4) they will remember God in in the first six chapters, analyze it care the far countries; (5) He will bring fully. Tell what its significance was to them again from all countries; (6) they the people of Zechariah's day and how will be strong in the Lord. it might apply to church members to Following the figure introduced in day. chapter 10, verses 2 and 3, the eleventh 2. Compare in some detail the min chapter presents the allegories of the istries and backgrounds of the prophets good shepherd (verses 4 to 14), and of Zechariah and Haggai. the foolish or worthless shepherd 3. Develop an expository sermon (verses 15 through 17). outline based on some section of chap Zechariah's last oracle begins in ters 7-14. chapter 12 and demonstrates that the 4. Write a three- or four-sentence Lord takes care of His own. The first summary describing your personal re nine verses describe how God will give action to the message of the book of His people victory over their enemies, Zechariah. and verses 10 through 14 discuss the pouring out of God's spirit of compas- 40/The Ministry/November, 1975 Dear Shepherdess: In the Garden luxurious homes of others and wish it State Shepherdess newsletter Lois Al- bijltis were different. I protest the work it takes bers, a minister's wife in Hackettstown, to keep it clean, the clutter, the lack of New Jersey, shares her thoughts on money to buy things we need (or is it mixed blessings. She says, "Are you ever side want?). Yet it is truly a blessing. confused a bit about your blessings? I Sponsored by "Heavenly Father, thank You for all am. Part of me is so glad, so really grate Catherine Dower Your many gifts, and please forgive me ful about the many blessings I have. But for the for complaining. I must learn that in this another part of me is ashamed for taking Shepherde ss. life often we must give up something so many wonderful things for granted— for everything we gain. Help me to truly and even worse—for complaining about value Your blessings and banish from my blessings. my thoughts the dissatisfactions." "Like my children. I'm so thankful to "Nothing tends more to promote have them, and I love them so much. But health of body and of soul than does a sometimes I complain about the messes spirit of gratitude and praise."—The they make (and leave), about the prob Ministry of Healing, p. 251. lems they impose, the things they want. For the privilege of being a Shepherd Yet I would be lost without them. ess, I am grateful. "And my husband. How often have I For the ability "to think of life as a felt truly rich just in having a kind, lov privilege instead of a problem," I am ing husband and a happy home. But grateful. sometimes, when I want to do other For health, a happy home, and loved things, I wish he didn't need a good meal ones, I am grateful. at a certain time, that he had more time For the "mercy and loving-kindness to do things around home, or that other of God, . . . [and] the matchless depths little things were different. But how of the Saviour's love" (Christ's Object empty and bleak life would be if he were Lessons, p. 338), I am grateful. not a part of it. He's one of my greatest Our story this month is taken from blessings. the book Touch of Wonder, written "to "Then there's my home. How I enjoy help people stay in love with life." it, caring for it—and yet sometimes I A happy Thanksgiving to you all.— compare it with magazine houses or the With love, Kay.

One summer night in a seaside cot into the dark, rapt with the knowledge tage, a small boy felt himself lifted The Mght that all around the quiet house the from bed. Dazed with sleep, he heard the Stars night was full of the silent music of his mother murmur about the lateness the falling stars. of the hour, heard his father laugh. Fell Decades have passed, but I remember Then he was borne in his father's that night still, because I was the fortu arms, with the swiftness of a dream, nate seven-year-old whose father be down the porch steps, out onto the lieved that a new experience was more beach. important for a small boy than an un Overhead the sky blazed with stars. broken night's sleep. No doubt in my "Watch!" his father said. And in ARTHUR GORDON childhood I had the usual quota of credibly, as he spoke, one of the stars playthings, but these are forgotten moved. In a streak of golden fire, it now. What I remember is the night the flashed across the astonished heavens. stars fell, the day we rode in a caboose, And before the wonder of this could the time we tried to skin the alligator, fade, another star leaped from its place, the telegraph we made that really and then another, plunging toward the worked. I remember the "trophy table" restless sea. "What is it?" the child in the hall where we children were en whispered. "Shooting stars," his father couraged to exhibit things we had said. "They come every year on certain found—snake skins, seashells, flowers, nights in August. I thought you'd like arrowheads, anything unusual or to see the show." Excerpt from "A Touch of beautiful. That was all: just an unexpected Wonder," by Arthur Gor I remember the books left by my bed don, Guideposts (June glimpse of something haunting and 1966). Copyright 1966 by that pushed back my horizons and Guideposts Associates, mysterious and beautiful. But, back in Inc., and The Reader's sometimes actually changed my life. bed, the child stared for a long time Digest Association, Inc. Once my father gave me Zuleika Dob- The Ministry/November, 1975/41 in my memory. The easiest door to open for a child, usually, is one that leads to something you love yourself. All good teachers know this. And all good teachers know the ultimate reward: the marvelous moment when the spark you are breathing on bursts into a flame that henceforth will burn brightly on its own. At a United States Golf Associa tion tournament a few years ago, a pig- tailed ten-year-old played creditably in the junior girls' championship. "How long have you been interested in golf?" someone asked her. "I got it for my ninth birthday," she said. "You mean your father gave you a set of clubs?" "No," she said patiently, "he gave me The possessor of a wonderful realm had wanted his child to share the son, Max Beerbohm's classic story of magic kingdom. No doubt it took some undergraduate life at Oxford. I liked it, time and effort, some patience, some and told him so. "Why don't you think mystical transference of enthusiasm. about going there yourself?" he said But what a reward for both of them! casually. A few years later, with luck And it might just as well have been and a scholarship, I did. music or astronomy or chemistry or My father had, to a marvelous de collecting butterflies — any world at all. gree, the gift of opening doors for his Children are naturally inquisitive children, of leading them into areas of and love to try new things. But they splendid newness. This subtle art of cannot find these things by themselves; adding dimensions to a child's world someone must offer them the choices. doesn't necessarily require a great deal Years ago, when the Quiz Kids were of time. It simply involves doing things astonishing American radio audiences more often with our children instead with their brilliance, a writer set out to of for them or to them. One woman I discover what common denominators know keeps what she calls a "Why there were in the backgrounds of these not?" notebook, and in it she scribbles extraordinary children. He found that all sorts of offbeat and fascinating some were from poor families, some proposals: "Why not take kids police from rich; some had been to superior headquarters get them fingerprinted?" schools, some had not. "Why not visit farm attempt milk But, in every case investigated, there cow?" "Why not arrange ride tugboat?" was one parent, sometimes two, who "Why not follow river dredge and hunt shared enthusiasms with the child, for fossilized shark's teeth?" And so who watched for areas of interest, who they do. gave encouragement and praise for One day I asked her where she got achievement, who made a game of her ideas. "Oh," she said, "I don't searching out the answers to questions, know. But when I was a child, I had who went out of his way to supply the this wonderful old ne'er-do-well uncle tools of learning. No doubt the capacity who——" Who used to open doors for for outstanding performance was al her, just as she is opening them now ready there, but it took the love and for her own children. interest and companionship of a parent Aside from our father, we had a to bring it out. remarkable aunt who was a genius at Recently a neighbor of ours took his suggesting spur-of-the-moment plots two small children to the mountains to blow away the dust of daily drudg for a vacation. The very first morning eries. Once, I remember she arranged the children woke him at daybreak, for us to ride a pony that was a bit clamoring to go exploring. Stifling an skittish. After being thrown three impulse to send them back to bed, he times, my brother protested tearfully struggled into his clothes and took that riding this particular animal was them for a walk. At the edge of a pond too difficult. "If it were too easy," our they stopped to rest and while they aunt said serenely, "it wouldn't be any were sitting there quietly a doe and fun." Just a casual phrase, but it sticks her fawn came down to drink.

42/The Ministry/November, 1975 "I watched my youngsters' faces," he he adds, "Tell me what sort of child said, "and suddenly it was as if I were hood you had and I can tell you which seeing and feeling everything for the type you are likely to be." first time: the hush of the woods, the The real purpose, then, of trying to mist over the water, the grace and open doors for children is not to divert gentleness of those lovely creatures, the them or amuse ourselves; it is to build kinship of all living things. It only eager, outgoing attitudes toward the lasted a few seconds, but the thought demanding and complicated business of came to me that happiness isn't some living. This, surely, is the most valu thing you have to strive and struggle able legacy we can pass on to the next for. It's simply an awareness of the generation: not money, not houses or beauty and harmony of existence. And heirlooms, but a capacity for wonder I said to myself: remember this mo and gratitude, a sense of aliveness and ment, put it away carefully in your joy. Why don't we work harder at it? mind—because you may need to draw Probably because, as Thoreau said, strength and comfort from it some our lives are frittered away in detail. day." Giving his children a new ex Because there are times when we don't perience, that man also opened a door have the awareness or the selflessness for himself. or the energy. I have a friend, a psychiatrist, who And yet, for those of us who care says that basically there are two types what becomes of our children, the of human beings: those who think of challenge is always there. None of us life as a privilege and those who think meets it fully, but the opportunities of it as a problem. The first type is come again and again. Many years enthusiastic, energetic, resistant to have passed since that night in my shock, responsive to challenge. The life when the stars fell, but the earth other type is suspicious, hesitant, still turns, the sun still sets, night still withholding, self-centered. To the first sweeps over the changeless sea. And group, life is hopeful, exciting. To the next year, when August comes with its second, it's a potential ambush. And shooting stars, my son will be seven. II

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The Ministry/November, 1975/43 recommended rending

The book presents nothing star charine to be appreciated, but How to Find Time for Better tling and probably nothing inno most congregations will find them Preaching and Better Pastor- vative. It does bring to the reader highly digestible and meaningful, ing, Joseph McCabe, West a medley of readable, though at and will figuratively "eat them minster Press, Philadelphia, times maudlin, stories that aptly up." 1973, 112 pages, $4.50. bring home the truths of certain In paperback from Broadman Bible texts of the author's choos Press, Iron Shoes will be a pleas The title of this volume attracts ing. Intellectuals may find the il ant addition to any library. the busy pastor like an oasis in a lustrations too obvious, too sac Bobbie Jane Van Dolson parched desert. McCabe's program is simple. Estimating that the average pastor preaches forty- eight times a year and spends at least ten hours weekly in sermon FINGERTIP DATA SERVICE preparation, he outlines a way for the pastor to save at least 100 hours of sermon preparation time 80 Keysort cards each month for such use as study, visitation, provide scientific, medical, and educational facts on alcohol, tobacco, and administration. (1) The pastor and drugs. teams up with a neighboring min ister for a pulpit exchange four Send for your sample and further information today. times a year. Both use sermons originally given in their own USEFUL for churches. (2) The pastor repeats' SERMONS one of his best sermons at least YOUTH CLUB DISCUSSIONS each quarter, in full knowledge of SCHOOL LECTURES his congregation. (3) The minister borrows a sermon from one of the pulpit masters, advertises it as such, tries to make it his own, Name ...... Church ..... Address...... then delivers it to his church. City ...... In case all this sounds bizarre, State...... Zip. McCabe has been administer ing this program in several Ohio Mail to: Fingertip Data Service 6840 Eastern Avenue, N.W. churches. In every case the preach Washington, D.C. 20012 ing has improved on these oc casions—and the pastor has saved considerable time in the process. Skeptical at first, I found myself longing to try McCabe's plan when I reached the last page! By the THE SOUND OF LISTEN way, as an extra bonus, the first chapter gives some refreshing Monthly educational cassette. pointers on effective pastoral visi Listen to the voices of well-known personalities such as tation, which McCabe rightly feels Marie & Donny Osmond, and world champion skater John Curry. is essential to good parish preach ing. Nine-month (September-May) subscription for only $25.00. Jerry Gladson Send for your sample cassette.

INVALUABLE for Iron Shoes, C. Roy Angell, TEACHERS, YOUTH LEADERS, MINISTERS Broadman Press, Nashville, Tennessee, 1975. This book, first published in Name ...... Church .... 1953, becomes even more readable Address...... in the new edition now that it is City ...... printed in about a 14-point bold State...... Zip. face type. Though particularly Mail to: The Sound of Listen meant for those with sight dis 6830 Laurel Street, N.W. abilities, it is nevertheless a relief Washington, D.C. 20012 also for the average reader who is bombarded with theological tomes printed in a 7- or 8-point typeface. 44/The Ministry/November, 1975 shop talh

Schwab sent the expert a check Footsteps in for $25,000 with a letter saying Israel in Prophecy the Holy Land this lesson was the most profitable he had ever learned. It is claimed In the light of the many inter The third vol that this plan was mainly re pretations of prophecy proclaimed ume in Orley sponsible for turning the unknown from pulpit and press today in Berg's illus Bethlehem Steel Company into respect to such topics as Israel, trated lecture the largest independent steel pro last-day events, and Armageddon, series, Wonders ducer in the world. By the way, it every minister would do well to of the Ancient helped to make Charles M. Schwab review carefully the general ar Footsteps in the Holy Land World, s now ticle entitled "The Role of Israel in Orfeytt-Berg a hundred million dollars. available. Enti John A. Luppens, pastor of the Old Testament Prophecy," ap tled Footsteps in the Holy Land, it Hempstead, New York, church, pearing in The SDA Bible Com includes lectures seven, eight, and has taken this advice literally and mentary, vol. 4, pages 25-38. This nine of the series. These cover the uses a card printed on both sides. article represents a major contri life of Christ. Lecture titles are: The title is "Do in Order of Impor bution on a subject that is increas "In His Steps"; "Galilee, Blue Gali tance," with twenty spaces on the ingly relevant. lee"; and "Jerusalem." The cost is card and small squares beside the 90 cents. number for a check mark when Books one and two are entitled the job has been accomplished. I Clergy and Wonders of Egypt and Wonders of have found these cards most use Cancer Pa Archeology. They sell for 60 cents ful in my own work and recom The tient Book and 90 cents, respectively. Slides Clergy mend them to others. John is not and t}t' let Available to go with books one and three are in the business, but would be glad Cancer From ACS also available. For brochure write to sell you fifty of these cards for Patient to the General Conference Minis $1.00, which is a three-month Every clergy terial Association, 6840 Eastern supply. His address is 255 Bel- man sooner or Avenue NW., Washington, D.C. mont Parkway, Hempstead, N.Y., later finds him 20012, or Audio Visual Services, 11550. self ministering 1100 Rancho Canejo Boulevard, to those who are Newbury Park, California 91320. suffering from cancer. Because of the tendency on 'Which . the part of all of us to shy away The Expert's System from deep relationships with those who are fighting for their lives Charles M. Schwab, one of the against cancer, probably because it first presidents of Bethlehem pi-: Safcae feulwlstnkl Wal- ter Specht c>{ ^AnaiJewS tjni- is so personally threatening, we Steel Company, asked an expert to need to better understand both the suggest a way to improve the .versity have teainelil up to write a 16-page pamphlet disease process and its emotional efficiency of his business. The components. efficiency expert handed Schwab a entitled! '!¥hioh Version "Eo- day?" .This Wafil inserted as; a The American Cancer Society has blank sheet of paper and said, * prepared a twenty-page brochure "Write down the six most impor - issue '- The ' especially designed to help the tant tasks you have to do tomor minister in his relationships with row. Now number them in order cancer patients. The booklet, en of their importance. . Isr titled The Clergy and the Cancer "The first thing in the morning, Patient, not only gives clergymen start working on No. 1 until it is the results of the latest studies in finished. Then tackle No. 2 in " ;dealingi< basic knowledge about cancer but the same way, then No. 3, and so ' also provides suggestions on ways on. Don't be concerned if you have to counsel those who have this dis finished only one or two by ease. Two especially helpful sec quitting time. You will be work tions deal with "The Pastor's Talk" ing on the most important ones. refcfttee*,'-;:'.,:.Js^85aj«#«if*;<

Maryland, office of the American leader and focal point for all con ceiving this journal may wish to Cancer Society. There is no charge, gregational involvement in the purchase the set. This may be done but please include postage with field of mental retardation is by ordering directly from the pub your order. stressed. The text points out what lishers, the Pacific Press Publish congregations can do to help ing Association, Mountain View, mentally retarded individuals CA 94040. $1.00 postage extra. Revised Price on Rolodex and their families. Titles of the individual volumes are: Increased costs make it neces For additional information, clergy should contact their local Patriarchs and Prophets—From sary for us to pass on the following Association for Retarded Citi Creation to the death of King increase in price on the Rolodex David. File. Rolodex V546 Pile (500 card zens. Prophets and Kings—From Solo capacity) with 25 division alpha Single copies of the booklet are available by writing: NARC- mon to the restoration of Israel bet guide, but without cards— following the captivity. from $21.50 to $25.00; Rolodex Civitan Public Information Pro gram, National Association for The Desire of Ages—The life of V1046 File (1,000 card capacity) Christ. with 40 division alphabet guide, Retarded Citizens, P.O. Box 6109, but without cards—from $28.00 Arlington, Texas 76011. Copies The Acts of the Apostles—The to $33.25; Rolodex plastic insert- in quantity also are available for period of the apostolic church. able guides, set of 50—from $6.50 the postage charge. The Great Controversy—From the fall of Jerusalem to the final to $7.55. The price of the prospect establishment of God's eternal cards remains at $18.00 per 1,000. kingdom on earth. Cards are not to be ordered in lots Best Buy on Best Books of less than 500. Now every family in your church can possess the Conflict of the CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS Ages series set of five great books Advertisements appropriate to THE MINISTRY, Helps for Pastors at an unusually low cost. The new appearing under this heading, per insertion: $5 for 40 words or less, 10 cents each additional An amazing variety of very Centennial Edition of this out word, including initials and address; or $5 per useful materials for pastors at standing commentary on the Bible column inch (up to 3 inches) for camera-ready is offered for only $19.95. This is in illustrated ads. Cash required with order. Send approximately 20 per cent dis to: THE MINISTRY, 6840 Eastern Avenue NW., count is available through the the hardback cover with the qual Washington, D.C. 20012, U.S.A. Alabama Bible Society. A catalog ity printing we have been used to in the most expensive editions. It PERMANENT-PRESS BAPTISMAL is available for the asking. Mrs. ROBES: Six sizes available; more than Louise W. Johnson is the man is offered to commemorate the one- hundredth anniversary of the 20 colors to choose from; zippered clo ager. Write to: Alabama Bible sure; lead weights; ministers' baptis Society, 15 Dexter Avenue, Mont Pacific Press Publishing Associa mal robes made to order. Color card gomery, Alabama 36104. tion. sent only if requested. Reasonably Every pastor will want to en priced. Write: ROBES, 1017 Westview courage his members to take ad Terrace, Dover, Delaware 19901. Ministry to the Mentally vantage of this offer. Members Retarded may wish to secure extra sets for their children, or those who cannot Ministry to mentally retarded afford them. Perhaps the local congregation members is the church could sponsor placing them topic of a booklet The Clergyman in the local libraries, or presenting Must Be the Leader, recently pub them to local ministers. lished by the National Associa To encourage the reading of tion for Retarded Citizens. these books, why not set up a The booklet, available free of systematic reading program to charge to all clergy, is part of an begin January 1 of the new year. ongoing information program Where else can one purchase sponsored by the Civitan Clubs of five volumes averaging 750 pages North America. each in hardback cover for only Prepared by the NARC Reli $3.99 each? The initial printing of gion and Community Life Com 50,000 volumes makes this possi mittee with representatives from ble. It is hoped that every Advent- Originator of all faiths and denominations, ist home will possess a set before the fiberglas the publication is aimed at assist year's end. Why not stock several baptistry. ing clergy in working effectively extra sets in your church to ac with mentally retarded persons commodate those who may wish and their families. to secure them. P.O. Box 672. Muscatine. IA 52761 Phone 319/263-6642 The role of the clergyman as the Non-Adventist clergymen re Write for free information kit Dept. Ml 1 46/The Ministry/November, 1975 un-

Daniers

ROY ALLAN ANDERSON

Your^ questions• • • • H^ answered • ^m i I

UNFOLDING DANIEL©S PROPHECIES and Bible. He has served his Lord many years as UNFOLDING THE REVELATION by Roy Alien evangelist, pastor, leader of pastors, teacher, and Anderson. You©ll want to own both, because the author. way things are today makes it more important than Available now from your Adventist Book Center, ever that you know the significance of what is or ABC Mailing Service, P. 0. Box 31776, Omaha, happening around you. Only those who understand Nebraska, 68131. In Canada: ABC Mailing Service, the prophecies of Daniel and the Revelation can 4826 11th St., N.E., Bay 12, Calgary, Alberta T2E comprehend the issues we face in this generation. 2W7. Add 35 cents for postage and handling for Daniel is the outstanding apocalypse of the Old the first book and 15 cents for each additional Testament, as Revelation is of the New Testament. book. Add sales tax where necessary. Two books on prophecy you simply can not be without, only $2.95 each. Brought to you by Pacific Press Roy Alien Anderson is a life-long student of the news briefs

friends, and has suffered other shortly after a statement on the Russian Orthodox Church emotional and financial hardships charismatic movement was issued Liturgy Celebrated at Tomb as a result of the shunning." by the NCCB's Committee for of Peter Pastoral Research and Practices. That statement called for con VATICAN CITY—In a remark Growth of Charismatic tinuing contact between leaders able ecumenical gesture, Pope and members of the movement and Paul authorized celebration of a Renewal Among Orthodox Is Forecast bishops and pastors, as well as Russian Orthodox eucharistic full integration of charismatic liturgy at the tomb of Saint Peter ANAHEIM, Calif.—A Greek Or prayer communities into the struc in the crypt of Saint Peter's Ba thodox theologian predicted here tures of parish life. It also urged silica. that the charismatic renewal will stepped-up involvement of priests The liturgy, on the morning of move into Eastern Orthodoxy in the movement. July 5, was conducted by Metro "like wildfire" in the coming years. politan Nikodim, of Leningrad Father Eusebius Stephanou, and Novgorod, assisted by Bishop who heads the Logos Foundation Greek Court Ruling Fore Mikhail, of Astraghan, and four for Orthodox Awakening, Fort casts Freedom for Witnesses Russian Orthodox priests. Wayne, Indiana, said that "since The Pope granted permission the Orthodox believe that they ATHENS— Jehovah's Witnesses for the service at an audience with continue organically in an un and the Seventh-day Adventists Metropolitan Nikodim and other broken continuity the church of have won major court cases aimed members of a Russian Orthodox the apostle Paul, they have no at extending the practical impli Church delegation from the Soviet reason to distrust the charismatic cations of religious freedom to Union. Also present for the audi renewal." He observed that the non-Orthodox minorities in Greece. ence were members of a top-level Orthodox Church has always In two rulings, dealing with quite Roman Catholic Church delegation. taught that the baptism of the different issues, the State Coun The delegations had completed a Holy Spirit—one of the central cil, a kind of supreme court, said round of theological discussions elements of the renewal—"is a that the Witnesses and the Advent in the north Italian city of Trento. second blessing following water ists are "well-known" religious baptism, indeed necessary for sal groups. As a result of one decision, vation." Witnesses will be able to register "Shunning" of a Congrega He said the modern wave of their children as legitimate. The charismatic expression in Ortho other gives Adventist ministers tions' Member Leaves Lead exemption from military service. ers Open to a Law Suit doxy he observed can be traced to the late 1960's when four priests— HARRISBURG, Pa.—Pennsyl Unless otherwise credited, these news items are each independently—received the taken from Religious News Service. vania's supreme court has ruled Holy Spirit baptism, spoke in that a man who has been subjected tongues, and sought to lead their to "shunning" by members of the congregations into the charismatic Reformed Mennonite Church can experience. Two of the priests lead Change of Address sue the denomination's leaders for congregations in Phoenix, Arizona, |-> o < i> damages. one is a pastor in Pittsburgh, and In a 5-1 vote, the court re the fourth lives in Huntington, manded the case of Robert L. Bear West Virginia, he said. to the Cumberland County Court of Common Pleas for a decision on its merits. Mr. Bear, a farmer in Catholic Bishops' Committee Carlisle, Pennsylvania, was ex to Serve as Liaison With communicated in 1972 after he had publicly challenged certain Charismatic Movement teachings of the church and had WASHINGTON, D.C.—An ad accused its bishops of having lied hoc committee of U.S. Roman in some statements. Catholic bishops has been estab Under the "shunning" ban that lished to serve as official liaison went with the excommunication, with the charismatic renewal all members of the church, includ movement, but not as a result of ing his family, were ordered to recent criticism of the movement refrain from socializing or doing and a call for an investigation of business with him. In his suit, certain practices. brought by Attorney Frances Del The committee was approved by Duca, Mr. Bear asserted that he the Administrative Committee of "has been deprived of the normal the National Conference of Cath relationships with his family and olic Bishops (NCCB) last March, 48/The Ministry/November, 1975