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The Astros' Sign-Stealing Scandal
The Astros’ Sign-Stealing Scandal Major League Baseball (MLB) fosters an extremely competitive environment. Tens of millions of dollars in salary (and endorsements) can hang in the balance, depending on whether a player performs well or poorly. Likewise, hundreds of millions of dollars of value are at stake for the owners as teams vie for World Series glory. Plus, fans, players and owners just want their team to win. And everyone hates to lose! It is no surprise, then, that the history of big-time baseball is dotted with cheating scandals ranging from the Black Sox scandal of 1919 (“Say it ain’t so, Joe!”), to Gaylord Perry’s spitter, to the corked bats of Albert Belle and Sammy Sosa, to the widespread use of performance enhancing drugs (PEDs) in the 1990s and early 2000s. Now, the Houston Astros have joined this inglorious list. Catchers signal to pitchers which type of pitch to throw, typically by holding down a certain number of fingers on their non-gloved hand between their legs as they crouch behind the plate. It is typically not as simple as just one finger for a fastball and two for a curve, but not a lot more complicated than that. In September 2016, an Astros intern named Derek Vigoa gave a PowerPoint presentation to general manager Jeff Luhnow that featured an Excel-based application that was programmed with an algorithm. The algorithm was designed to (and could) decode the pitching signs that opposing teams’ catchers flashed to their pitchers. The Astros called it “Codebreaker.” One Astros employee referred to the sign- stealing system that evolved as the “dark arts.”1 MLB rules allowed a runner standing on second base to steal signs and relay them to the batter, but the MLB rules strictly forbade using electronic means to decipher signs. -
* Text Features
The Boston Red Sox Friday, November 15, 2019 * The Boston Globe Xander Bogaerts finishes fifth in American League MVP race Julian McWilliams Xander Bogaerts finished fifth in American League MVP Award voting, the highest of his career. The Red Sox shortstop was 13th in 2013. Bogaerts hit .309 with a career-high 33 homers and 117 RBIs. Bogaerts tied Nomar Garciaparra for the most extra-base hits in a season by a Red Sox shortstop (85). Garciaparra did it in 1997 and 2002. Bogaerts’s 117 RBIs were the most in a season by a Red Sox shortstop since Garciaparra had 120 in 2002. Bogaerts was just the third shortstop in MLB history with at least a .300 batting average, 85 extra-base hits, and 115-plus RBIs. The others are Alex Rodriguez, in 1996 with the Mariners and 2001 and 2002 with the Texas, and Garciaparra. Bogaerts finished behind the Yankees’ DJ LeMahieu, who pulled in 10 fourth-place votes to Bogaerts’s six. Mookie Betts was eighth, Rafael Devers 12th, and J.D. Martinez was tied for 21st in AL voting. MLB speaks with Alex Cora as it investigates Astros’ sign-stealing Peter Abraham and Alex Speier SCOTTSDALE, Ariz. — Red Sox manager Alex Cora is one of the key figures into Major League Baseball’s investigation of the Houston Astros, an appraisal that goes beyond charges of sign stealing in 2017. Cora, who was bench coach of the Astros in 2017, has spoken to officials charged with determining to what degree Houston flouted rules against using cameras to pick up signs from opposing catchers. -
2017 Spring Training Game Notes HOUSTON ASTROS-SS (6-10-2) Vs
2017 Spring Training game Notes HOUSTON ASTROS-SS (6-10-2) vs. atlanta braves (6-13-1) LHP Dallas Keuchel (0-0, 0.00) vs. RHP Matt Wisler (0-1, 9.82) The Ballpark of the Palm Beaches • West Palm Beach, FL • 1:05 p.m. ET HOUSTON ASTROS-SS (6-10-2) at boston red sox (9-10-2) RHP Brad Peacock (0-2, 6.75) vs. LHP Eduardo Rodriguez (2-0, 3.00) JetBlue Park • Fort Myers, FL • 1:05 p.m. ET spring training roster today’s split-squad: The Astros will play their only split-squad contests of the spring season today as half the club will host the Braves in West Palm Beach and half the club will travel to Fort Myers for a road pitchers (16 + 5) 47 Chris Devenski RHP game with the Red Sox...the Astros will be managed by A.J. Hinch in the home game and by assistant hitting 38 Dayan Diaz* RHP coach Alonzo Powell in the road game. 45 Michael Feliz RHP 54 Mike Fiers RHP today’s game vs. atl: In the home half of today’s games, LHP Dallas Keuchel (0-0) will make his 53 Ken Giles RHP 44 Luke Gregerson RHP second start of the spring and will be opposed by RHP Matt Wisler (0-1) and the Braves...Keuchel went 3.0 61 Jandel Gustave RHP scoreless in his last outing on March 12 at WSH, in what was his first game action since August of 2016...today 36 Will Harris RHP marks the second and final matchup between the Astros and Braves in Spring Training play. -
Alumnigazette
ALUMNIGAZETTE NO. 4 VOL. I JAN 2018 MEXICO CITY ASF ALUMNI GAZETTE ALUMINIGAZETTE POLITICS Democrat Mark Rodríguez (‘01) makes city council in Annapolis, re- ceiving 610 votes in Ward 5. 1 MAJOR LEAGUES CONGRATULATIONS! An ASF BEAR brings the Houston Astros to the World Series. ¡Sí Alexis Fridman (‘01), Head of Production and Development at Lem- señor! Jeff Luhnow is Astro’s general manager and has changed the on Films, receives an Emmy Award for his TV Series Sr. Ávila. Such a game for this Texan team. big deal! ALUMNI HELP THE ART FAIR GO GREEN This year, ASF Alumni wanted to contribute in lowering the waste generated during the Art Fair. Robb Wright, ASF parent, donated 5000 green plastic reusable plates to ASF, which the Alumni distrib- uted to 14 vendors. In total, 2000 plates were used and reused during the Art Fair, greatly lessening the need for plastic and reducing our impact on the environment. Cafeteria staff, paid by the Alumni Association, cleaned each plate after it was used, and the student members of the ASF Sustainabil- ity Committee, under the leadership of Mr. José Alaniz, set shop at two recycling stations, where Mr. Alaniz helped Art Fair attendees to properly separate the trash and place the plates in containers to be washed. It was amazing to see how the whole community contributed in this effort, and we are happy to announce that we now have 5000 plates in stock so staff, clubs and committees don’t have to use disposable plastic plates during any school event. Seeing how successful this campaign was, next year we -
Stolen Signs to Stolen Wins?
Venkataraman and Bozzella 1 Devan Venkataraman & Nathaniel Bozzella EC 107 Empirical Project Sergio Turner 12/20/20 Stolen Signs to Stolen Wins? The Trash Can Banging Scandal Heard ‘Round the World Question To what extent, and in what ways, was the Houston Astros cheating scandal in the 2017 season effective in improving team performance? Introduction For the majority of the 2010’s, the Houston Astros were a very middle of the pack team. From 2010-2014, the team did not finish higher than 4th in their division. For most of their history, the Houston Astros participated in the National League Central Division, up until the 2013 season. Since the 2013 season, the Astros have competed in the American League West Division, where they have seen much more success. In 2011, the Astros, one of the worst teams in baseball with a record of 56-106, were sold to Jim Crane where he moved on from ex-GM Ed Wade, and hired Jeff Luhnow two days after the sale. While Ed Wade made some good decisions: debuting Jose Altuve in the 2011 season and drafting George Springer in the 2011 draft, his overall performance was not satisfactory for the new owner. The new GM, Jeff Luhnow, made some notable decisions as well, drafting Carlos Correa in the 2012 draft (debuting him in 2015) and drafting Alex Bregman in the 2015 draft (debuting him in the 2017 season). After another few unsuccessful seasons with records of 55-107, 51-111, and 70-92 in the 2012-2014 seasons, Jeff Luhnow decided to fire the current manager of the team, whom he had a Venkataraman and Bozzella 2 falling out with towards the end of the 2014 season. -
* Text Features
The Boston Red Sox Sunday, March 17, 2019 * The Boston Globe Cash-conscious Rays believe things are looking up Peter Abraham The exact numbers are to be determined, but the Tampa Bay Rays will start the season with a payroll approximately $177 million less than the Red Sox and $142 million below the Yankees. But a recent visit to Tampa Bay’s spring training clubhouse in Port Charlotte, Fla., found a team that sincerely believes it’s capable of winning the American League East. The Rays were 90-72 last season, 18 games behind the historically dominant Red Sox and 10 behind the second-place Yankees. That’s a lot of ground to make up. But the Rays don’t fear their well-funded division rivals. Tampa Bay was 17-21 against the Sox and Yankees last season with seven of those losses by one run. They Rays were 13-7 against the Astros, Athletics, and Indians. Overall, the Rays were 41-25 after the All-Star break. The Sox were 40-24 and the Yankees 38-29. “They have something good going on over there,” Red Sox manager Alex Cora said. Center fielder Kevin Kiermaier felt a young team grew up over the course of last season. “We showed we could beat the best teams,” he said. “It was a good example that we could handle all the superstars on the opposition. The mind-set here is great. There’s a lot of talent on this roster.” Lefthander Jalen Beeks has seen both sides. He was drafted by the Sox and made his major league debut last season before being traded to the Rays on July 25 for Nathan Eovaldi. -
At Milwaukee Brewers (0-4) Monday, March 9, 2015
2015 KANSAS CITY ROYALS Spring Training Game Notes Kansas City Royals (5-0) at Milwaukee Brewers (0-4) Monday, March 9, 2015 LATE COMEBACK KEEPS SPRING PERFECT--The Royals plated four ninth inning runs on Sunday to rebound from a 4-2 deficit and take a 6-4 decision over the Angels in Tempe in a contest twice delayed by a honeybee infestation...the game was delayed for 10 minutes at the outset when the uninvited guests took over the field and sent players for cover before settling on a boom microphone attached to the screen behind the plate...the contest was held up again in the fourth when a Tempe beekeeper solved the issue with a spray that eradicated the colony...as for the game, Kansas City’s backups enabled the club to up its mark to 5-0 by scoring four times, the key blows a 2-run game-tying triple by Orlando Calixte and then run scoring singles by Ryan Jackson and Gabriel Noriega...Michael Mariot worked a scoreless eighth, thus was credited with his second win of the young spring, while Yohan Pino fanned two of three Angels he faced in the ninth for the save...Edinson Volquez made his Royals’ debut, working the first 2.0 innings allowing three hits and three runs (one earned)...former Angel, Kendrys Morales, had his third 2-hit game of Upcoming Probables the spring to lead KC’s 11-hit attack. Today vs. Milwaukee Brewers @ Maryvale Stadium (1:05) Jason Vargas (L), Aaron Brooks, Kelvin Herrera, Franklin VS. BREWERS--Today is the first of two exhibition meetings with Milwaukee, the other Morales (L), Brian Flynn, Ryan Madson, Brian Broderick slated for March 18 in Surprise...these clubs will meet during the regular season when the vs. -
Corporate Espionage and America's Pastime
WWW. NYLJ.COM White-Collar Crime VOLUME 256—NO. 60 MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 26, 2016 Of Redbirds and Rockets: Corporate Espionage and America’s Pastime BY ANDREW GARbaRINO ith the baseball season about to enter the post- Wseason, perhaps it’s time to revisit an interesting off-the-field legal drama from the 2015 season, namely the corporate espionage case involving two former National League Central rivals. As originally reported in the New York Times,1 the St. Louis Cardinals PYTEL, ISTOCK RAFAL made news in connection with the alleged hacking of a database owned by the Houston Astros. The attack appears to have been in furtherance of a variety of potential motives: A The FBI conducted an investigation pay $279,038 in restitution.2 Pros- desire to obtain intelligence from into the allegations. ecutors alleged that Correa caused the Astros proprietary “Ground In December 2015, as a result of approximately $1.7 million in loss Control” database, to embarrass Jeff the FBI’s investigation, Christo- to the Astros.3 Luhnow, a former Cardinals execu- pher Correa, then-scouting direc- Let that sink in for a moment. A tive who is now the Astros General tor for the Cardinals, was charged Major League Baseball team was Manager, or to determine whether in a five-count indictment for his investigated by federal authorities Luhnow took data or other intel- illegal access of Ground Control. for cybercrimes allegedly commit- lectual property developed by the In January 2016, he pled guilty to ted against another baseball team. Cardinals with him to a competitor. Unauthorized Access to a Protected And someone will be going to jail Computer in connection with the for nearly four years as a result. -
2015 KANSAS CITY ROYALS Spring Training Game Notes Los Angeles Dodgers (16-9-6) @ Kansas City Royals (18-10) Wednesday, April 1, 2015
2015 KANSAS CITY ROYALS Spring Training Game Notes Los Angeles Dodgers (16-9-6) @ Kansas City Royals (18-10) Wednesday, April 1, 2015 GUTHRIE SHINES AGAIN IN PEORIA--Just five days after throwing 5.2 scoreless in Peoria Stadium against Seattle, Jeremy Guthrie tossed 6.0 strong frames of 1-run ball en route to a 4-1 victory over the San Diego Padres last night on the other side of Bell Road...the veteran right-hander scattered six hits with a walk and half-dozen strikeouts to wrap-up his spring with a 2-1 record and 2.63 ERA...his next work will be a side session on Sunday in Kauffman Stadium in preparation for his first start of the regular season on April 11 in Anaheim...Kelvin Herrera, Greg Holland and Ryan Madson each contributed a scoreless inning of relief, with Madson earning his second save of the spring...Kendrys Morales, Mike Moustakas and Lorenzo Cain each contributed a pair of hits for the offense as Kansas City won for the fifth time in its last six games and ran the spring mark to 18-11. ADIOS ARIZONA--Kansas City closes out the Arizona portion of 2015 this afternoon with Upcoming Probables its only meeting of the spring with the Dodgers...the Royals will fly to Houston immediately Today vs. Los Angeles Dodgers @ Surprise Stadium (12:05) following today’s game and take the mandatory spring off day there tomorrow before playing the Clayton Kershaw Astros on Friday and Saturday. vs. Yordano Ventura, Chris Young, Franklin Morales (L), Luke Hochevar, A.L. -
BALTIMORE ORIOLES (7-12-1) Vs. PITTSBURGH PIRATES (9-10-1
BALTIMORE ORIOLES (7-12-1) vs. PITTSBURGH PIRATES (9-10-1) March 22, 2021 - LECOM Park in Bradenton, FL UPCOMING PROBABLE PITCHERS AND BROADCAST SCHEDULE TODAY’S SCHEDULED PITCHERS DATE OPP. STARTING PITCHERS TIME RADIO / TV Pittsburgh: Mitch Keller (R), Trevor Cahill 3/23 vs. Min RHP Griffin Jax vs. RHP Chase De Jong 1:05 p.m. AT&T (R), Duane Underwood, Jr. (R), Chris Stratton (R), Luis Oviedo (R) 3/24 vs. Atl RHP Ian Anderson vs. RHP JT Brubaker 1:05 p.m. AT&T 3/25 at Bal TBA vs. TBA 6:05 p.m. KDKA 100.1 FM-1020AM Baltimore: John Means (L), Fernando Abad 3/26 vs. Det TBA vs. TBA 1:05 p.m. AT&T (L), Isaac Mattson (R), Jay Flaa (R), Mickey 3/27 vs. Bos TBA vs. TBA 1:05 p.m. 93.7 FM The Fan/AT&T Jannis (R), Spenser Watkins (R) TODAY’S STARTING PITCHER: Mitch Keller (24-year-old righthander) is making his fourth official start of the spring today...Gave up 10 hits and eight runs in 2.0ip and suffered a loss in his last start on 3/17 vs. Rays...Allowed two runs in 2.0+ innings of work on 3/11 vs. Orioles...Threw 39 pitches/2.0 innings in a live BP/sim game at LECOM Park on 3/6...Gave up two runs on three hits in his first start on 3/1 at Blue Jays...Went 1-1 with a 2.91 ERA (21.2ip/7er) in five starts during the abbreviated 2020 season...Finished the season by tossing 11.0 no-hit innings over two starts; the first N.L. -
HOUSTON ASTROS, LLC and § HOUSTON ASTROS MANAGEMENT, § INC., § § DEFENDANTS § 152Nd JUDICIAL DISTRICT
5/4/2020 2:14 PM Marilyn Burgess - District Clerk Harris County Envelope No. 42723583 By: KATINA WILLIAMS Filed: 5/4/2020 2:14 PM NO. 2020-10637 ADAM WALLACH, on behalf of himself § IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF and all other similarly situated, § § PLAINTIFFS § v. § § HARRIS COUNTY, TEXAS HOUSTON ASTROS, LLC and § HOUSTON ASTROS MANAGEMENT, § INC., § § DEFENDANTS § 152nd JUDICIAL DISTRICT NO. 2020-11192 ROGER CONTRERAS, on behalf of himself § IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF and all other similarly situated, § § PLAINTIFFS § v. § § HARRIS COUNTY, TEXAS HOUSTON ASTROS, LLC and § HOUSTON ASTROS MANAGEMENT, § INC., § § DEFENDANTS § 152nd JUDICIAL DISTRICT NO. 2020- 11221 KENNETH YOUNG, on behalf of himself § IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF and all other similarly situated, § § PLAINTIFFS § v. § UnofficialCopyOfficeofMarilynBurgessDistrictClerk § HARRIS COUNTY, TEXAS HOUSTON ASTROS, LLC and § HOUSTON ASTROS MANAGEMENT, § INC., § § DEFENDANTS § 152nd JUDICIAL DISTRICT CONSOLIDATED AMENDED CLASS ACTION PETITION AND JURY DEMAND “There’s something about baseball, something magical, that will always make it America’s sport, America’s pastime.” – Micah Chen “Baseball is about talent, hard work, and strategy. But at the deepest level, it’s about love, integrity, and respect.” – Pat Gillick “[Baseball] is the most honest pastime in the world. It has to be, or it could not last a season out. Crookedness and baseball don’t mix.” – Charles Comiskey TO THE HONORABLE COURT: Plaintiffs Adam Wallach, Donald R. Rao, CHA, Inc., Brian Dobbins, Roger Contreras, and Kenneth Young (collectively, “Plaintiffs”), for themselves and all similarly situated individuals and entities, complain of the actions of Defendants Houston Astros, LLC and Houston Astros Management, Inc. (together, “Astros” or “Defendants”), and respectfully show the following: NATURE OF THE CASE 1. -
How Scansis Functions: Lessons from the Houston Astros Sign-Stealing Crisis
Relevant Rhetoric, Vol. 12 (2021): How Scansis Functions How Scansis Functions: Lessons from the Houston Astros Sign-Stealing Crisis Karen L. Hartman LeAnne W. Woods Associate Professor Graduate Student Idaho State University Idaho State University [email protected] [email protected] Relevant Rhetoric, Vol. 12 (2021): How Scansis Functions On January 13, 2020 Major League Baseball (MLB) Commissioner, Robert D. Manfred Jr., released investigation findings confirming that the Houston Astros illegally used a video camera system to electronically steal signs during the 2017 regular season and postseason, in which they won the World Series, and early in the 2018 regular season. The findings exposed what has been referred to as “one of the biggest scandals in Major League Baseball history.”1 MLB eventually fined the organization $5 million and the Astros were forced to forfeit their first and second round draft picks in 2020 and 2021. The team’s owner, Jim Crane, also fired the general manager, Jeff Luhnow, and manager, A. J. Hinch. In this paper we analyze Major League Baseball’s Houston Astros organizational rhetoric and crisis response efforts after the organization was found guilty of cheating. Analysis spans from the beginning of the crisis on November 12, 2019 through March 12, 2020 and items analyzed include two Houston Astro press conferences and news stories published across 20 media outlets. By viewing the crisis as a “scansis,” a unique type of crisis and scandal characterized by moral outrage, the authors hope to further the