Detection of Biogenic Amines in Urine and Plasma by Liquid
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C9-14 Aliphatic [2-25% Aromatic] Hydrocarbon Solvents Category SIAP
CoCAM 2, 17-19 April 2012 BIAC/ICCA SIDS INITIAL ASSESSMENT PROFILE Chemical C -C Aliphatic [2-25% aromatic] Hydrocarbon Solvents Category Category 9 14 Substance Name CAS Number Stoddard solvent 8052-41-3 Chemical Names Kerosine, petroleum, hydrodesulfurized 64742-81-0 and CAS Naphtha, petroleum, hydrodesulfurized heavy 64742-82-1 Registry Solvent naphtha, petroleum, medium aliphatic 64742-88-7 Numbers Note: Substances in this category are also commonly known as mineral spirits, white spirits, or Stoddard solvent. CAS Number Chemical Description † 8052-41-3 Includes C8 to C14 branched, linear, and cyclic paraffins and aromatics (6 to 18%), <50ppmV benzene † 64742-81-0 Includes C9 to C14 branched, linear, and cyclic paraffins and aromatics (10 to Structural 25%), <100 ppmV benzene Formula † and CAS 64742-82-1 Includes C8 to C13 branched, linear, and cyclic paraffins and aromatics (15 to 25%), <100 ppmV benzene Registry † Numbers 64742-88-7 Includes C8 to C13 branched, linear, and cyclic paraffins and aromatics (14 to 20%), <50 ppmV benzene Individual category member substances are comprised of aliphatic hydrocarbon molecules whose carbon numbers range between C9 and C14; approximately 80% of the aliphatic constituents for a given substance fall within the C9-C14 carbon range and <100 ppmV benzene. In some instances, the carbon range of a test substance is more precisely defined in the test protocol. In these instances, the specific carbon range (e.g. C8-C10, C9-C10, etc.) will be specified in the SIAP. * It should be noted that other substances defined by the same CAS RNs may have boiling ranges outside the range of 143-254° C and that these substances are not covered by the category. -
Impact of Using Organic Yeast in the Fermentation Process of Wine
processes Article Impact of Using Organic Yeast in the Fermentation Process of Wine Balázs Nagy 1, Zsuzsanna Varga 2,Réka Matolcsi 1, Nikolett Kellner 1 , Áron Szövényi 1 and Diána Nyitrainé Sárdy 1,* 1 Faculty of Horticultural Science Department of Oenology, Szent István University, 1118 Budapest, Hungary; [email protected] (B.N.); [email protected] (R.M.); [email protected] (N.K.); [email protected] (Á.S.) 2 Faculty of Horticultural Science Department of Viticulture, Szent István University, 1118 Budapest, Hungary; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The aim of this study was to find out what kind of “Bianca” wine could be produced when using organic yeast, what are the dynamics of the resulting alcoholic fermentation, and whether this method is suitable for industrial production as well. Due to the stricter rules and regulations, as well as the limited amount and selection of the permitted chemicals, resistant, also known as interspecific or innovative grape varieties, can be the ideal basic materials of alternative cultivation technologies. Well-designed analytical and organoleptic results have to provide the scientific background of resistant varieties, as these cultivars and their environmentally friendly cultivation techniques could be the raw materials of the future. The role of the yeast in wine production is crucial. We fermented wines from the “Bianca” juice samples three times where model chemical solutions were applied. In our research, we aimed to find out how organic yeast influenced the biogenic amine formation of three important compounds: histamine, tyramine, and serotonin. The main results of this study showed that all the problematic values (e.g., histamine) were under the critical limit (1 g/L), although the organic samples resulted in a significantly higher level than the control wines. -
BULLETIN for the HISTORY of CHEMISTRY Division of the History of Chemistry of the American Chemical Society
BULLETIN FOR THE HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY Division of the History of Chemistry of the American Chemical Society VOLUME 29, Number 1 2004 BULLETIN FOR THE HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY VOLUME 29, CONTENTS NUMBER 1 THE 2003 EDELSTEIN AWARD ADDRESS* MAKING CHEMISTRY POPULAR David Knight, University of Durham, England 1 THE DISCOVERY OF LECITHIN, THE FIRST PHOSPHOLIPID Theodore L. Sourkes, McGill University 9 GABRIEL LIPPMANN AND THE CAPILLARY ELECTROMETER John T. Stock, University of Connecticut 16 KHEMYE: CHEMICAL LITERATURE IN YIDDISH Stephen M. Cohen 21 AN EARLY HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY AT TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY, 1925-1970* Henry J. Shine, Texas Tech University 30 NOYES LABORATORY, AN ACS NATIONAL CHEMICAL LANDMARK: 100 YEARS OF CHEMISTRY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS Sharon Bertsch McGrayne 45 BOOK REVIEWS 52 The Cover…….See page 24. Bull. Hist. Chem., VOLUME 29, Number 1 (2004) 1 THE 2003 EDELSTEIN AWARD ADDRESS* MAKING CHEMISTRY POPULAR David Knight, University of Durham, England “Chemistry is wonderful,” wrote evenings, and a bright dawn Linus Pauling (1), “I feel sorry for gleamed over a chemically-based people who don’t know anything society. Intellectually, the science about chemistry. They are miss- did not demand the mathematics re- ing an important source of happi- quired for serious pursuit of the sub- ness.” That is not how the science lime science of astronomy. Chem- has universally been seen in our ists like Joseph Priestley thought it time. We would not expect to see the ideal Baconian science in which lecture-rooms crowded out, chem- everyone might join, for its theoreti- ists as stars to be invited to fash- cal structure was still unformed. -
Personal View – the Evolution of Neurochemistry
Neuroforum 2019; 25(4): 259–264 Review Article Ferdinand Hucho* Personal View – The Evolution of Neurochemistry Two questions – one answer https://doi.org/10.1515/nf-2019-0023 century up to our times. Reductionism was hoped to solve two of the most fundamental riddles which were central to Abstract: This esssay is a personal account of the evolution human thinking since antiquity: The world, believed to be of Neurochemistry in the past century. It describes in par- composed of ‚mind and matter‘, poses the question: What allel the authors way from chemistry to biochemistry and is life? The neurochemist goes one step further and asks: finally to Neurochemistry and the progress of a most ex- what is mind (conciousness, cognition, free will)? The citing chapter of the Life Sciences. It covers the successful physiologist Emil du Bois-Reymond (1818–1896) included time period of reductionist research (by no means compre- these questions in his ‚seven riddles‘ (Finkelstein 2013) hensively), which lay the ground for the recent and future and summarized his answer in 1880 in his famous “igno- systems approach. This development promises answers to ramus et ignorabimus” (“we don‘t know and we never will fundamental questions of our existence as human beings. know”). Never say ‘never’, because this could be the end Keywords: Chemistry; Biochemistry; Life Science; Neuro- of human curiosity and research, preventing discoveries chemistry including new methods of investigation. In the 20th century the question What is life was most vividly posed by physicists like the Nobel laureates Zusammenfassung: Dieser Essay ist ein persönlicher Erwin Schrödinger (Schrödinger 1944; Fischer ed., 1987) Bericht über die Entwicklung der Neurochemie im ver- and Max Delbrück (Delbrück 1986). -
Biogenic Amines Formation and Their Importance in Fermented Foods
BIO Web of Conferences 17, 00232 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20201700232 FIES 2019 Biogenic amines formation and their importance in fermented foods Kamil Ekici1, ⃰ and Abdullah Khalid Omer2 1University of Van Yȕzȕncȕ Yıl, Veterinary College, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Van, Turkey 2Sulaimani Veterinary Directorate, Veterinary Quarantine, Bashmakh International Border, Sulaimani, Iraq Abstract. Biogenic amines (BAs) are low molecular weight organic bases with an aliphatic, aromatic, or heterocyclic structure which have been found in many foods. biogenic amines have been related with several outbreaks of food-borne intoxication and are very important in public health concern because of their potential toxic effects. The accumulation of biogenic amines in foods is mainly due to the presence of bacteria able to decarboxylate certain amino acids. Biogenic amines are formed when the alpha carboxvl group breaks away from free amino acid precursors. They are colled after the amino acid they originated from. The main biogenic amines producers in foods are Gram positive bacteria and cheese is among the most commonly implicated foods associated with biogenic amines poisoning. The consumption of foods containing high concentrations of biogenic amines has been associated with health hazards and they are used as a quality indicator that shows the degree of spoilage, use of non-hygienic raw material and poor manufacturing practice. Biogenic amines may also be considered as carcinogens because they are able to react with nitrites to form potentially carcinogenic nitrosamines. Generally, biogenic amines in foods can be controlled by strict use of good hygiene in both raw material and manufacturing environments with corresponding inhibition of spoiling microorganisms. -
Essays in Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology Chemical
Volume 89, number 2 FEBS LETTERS May 1978 Essays in Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology Volume 2 Edited by M. B. H. Youdim, W. Lovenberg, D. F. Sharman and J. R. Lagnado John Wiley and Sons; Chichester, New York, Brisbane, Toronto, 1977 xiv + 174 pages, £8.75 An essay on essays prefaces this book, praising the The Biochemical Society's 'Essays in Biochemistry' literary essay and advocating a comparable form of which antedate the present series by I 1 years are also scientific writing as a leavening or antidote to the despite their name broad, didactically-oriented reviews stereotype of papers proceeding by Methods-Results- in which many authors use figures and tables as a Discussion. The terse wisdom and precise word-choise means of avoiding cumbersome passages of text; a of Bacon, or the charm of Lamb, would indeed be necessary distinction from the literary essay and much welcome in the neurosciences, but this book's to be encouraged. So also are author and subject contents exemplify a different and quite worthy indexes which are lacking in the present book. It also stereotype, the review. Are literary essays ever multi- has no running titles or author's names at the head of author, as are half of the present contributions? Two its pages; and as the list of abbrevations and the of the most effective essays here are indeed single- literature references come at the beginning and end of authored: the first few pages of K. G. Walton's each individual essay, lack of this guidance to where account of cyclic necleotides and postynaptic events the beginning and end are located is to be regretted. -
Analysis of the Trends in Biochemical Research Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA)
Article Analysis of the Trends in Biochemical Research Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) Hee Jay Kang 1, Changhee Kim 1,* and Kyungtae Kang 2,* 1 College of Business Administration, Incheon National University, 119, Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Korea; [email protected] 2 Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 130-701, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected] (C.K.); [email protected] (K.K.); Tel.: +82-2-880-8594(C.K.) Received: 15 April 2019; Accepted: 13 June 2019; Published: 18 June 2019 Abstract: Biochemistry has been broadly defined as “chemistry of molecules included or related to living systems”, but is becoming increasingly hard to be distinguished from other related fields. Targets of its studies evolve rapidly; some newly emerge, disappear, combine, or resurface themselves with a fresh viewpoint. Methodologies for biochemistry have been extremely diversified, thanks particularly to those adopted from molecular biology, synthetic chemistry, and biophysics. Therefore, this paper adopts topic modeling, a text mining technique, to identify the research topics in the field of biochemistry over the past twenty years and quantitatively analyze the changes in its trends. The results of the topic modeling analysis obtained through this study will provide a helpful tool for researchers, journal editors, publishers, and funding agencies to understand the connections among the diverse sub-fields in biochemical research and even see how the research topics branch out and integrate with other fields. Keywords: biochemistry; topic modeling; research trend; LDA 1. Introduction Biochemistry is the study of the structure, composition, and chemical reactions of substances in living systems and includes the sciences of molecular biology, immunochemistry, and neurochemistry, as well as bioinorganic, bioorganic, and biophysical chemistry [1]. -
Discovery of Novel Imidazolines and Imidazoles As Selective TAAR1
Discovery of Novel Imidazolines and Imidazoles as Selective TAAR1 Partial Agonists for the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders Giuseppe Cecere, pRED, Discovery Chemistry F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland Biological Rationale Trace amines are known for four decades Trace Amines - phenylethylamine p- tyramine p- octopamine tryptamine (PEA) Biogenic Amines dopamine norepinephrine serotonin ( DA) (NE) (5-HT) • Structurally related to classical biogenic amine neurotransmitters (DA, NE, 5-HT) • Co-localised & released with biogenic amines in same cells and vesicles • Low concentrations in CNS, rapidly catabolized by monoamine oxidase (MAO) • Dysregulation linked to psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia & 2 depression Trace Amines Metabolism 3 Biological Rationale Trace Amine-Associated Receptors (TAARs) p-Tyramine extracellular TAAR1 Discrete family of GPCR’s Subtypes TAAR1-TAAR9 known intracellular Gs Structural similarity with the rhodopsin and adrenergic receptor superfamily adenylate Activation of the TAAR1 cyclase receptor leads to cAMP elevation of intracellular cAMP levels • First discovered in 2001 (Borowsky & Bunzow); characterised and classified at Roche in 2004 • Trace amines are endogenous ligands of TAAR1 • TAAR1 is expressed throughout the limbic and monoaminergic system in the brain Borowsky, B. et al., PNAS 2001, 98, 8966; Bunzow, J. R. et al., Mol. Pharmacol. 2001, 60, 1181. Lindemann L, Hoener MC, Trends Pharmacol Sci 2005, 26, 274. 4 Biological Rationale Electrical activity of dopaminergic neurons + p-tyramine -
Biogenic Amine Reference Materials
Biogenic Amine reference materials Epinephrine (adrenaline), Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and homovanillic norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and acid (HVA) are end products of catecholamine metabolism. Increased urinary excretion of VMA dopamine are a group of biogenic and HVA is a diagnostic marker for neuroblastoma, amines known as catecholamines. one of the most common solid cancers in early childhood. They are produced mainly by the chromaffin cells in the medulla of the adrenal gland. Under The biogenic amine, serotonin, is a neurotransmitter normal circumstances catecholamines cause in the central nervous system. A number of disorders general physiological changes that prepare the are associated with pathological changes in body for fight-or-flight. However, significantly serotonin concentrations. Serotonin deficiency is raised levels of catecholamines and their primary related to depression, schizophrenia and Parkinson’s metabolites ‘metanephrines’ (metanephrine, disease. Serotonin excess on the other hand is normetanephrine, and 3-methoxytyramine) are attributed to carcinoid tumours. The determination used diagnostically as markers for the presence of of serotonin or its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic a pheochromocytoma, a neuroendocrine tumor of acid (5-HIAA) is a standard diagnostic test when the adrenal medulla. carcinoid syndrome is suspected. LGC Quality - ISO Guide 34 • GMP/GLP • ISO 9001 • ISO/IEC 17025 • ISO/IEC 17043 Reference materials Product code Description Pack size Epinephrines and metabolites TRC-E588585 (±)-Epinephrine -
Neurochemical Mechanisms Underlying Alcohol Withdrawal
Neurochemical Mechanisms Underlying Alcohol Withdrawal John Littleton, MD, Ph.D. More than 50 years ago, C.K. Himmelsbach first suggested that physiological mechanisms responsible for maintaining a stable state of equilibrium (i.e., homeostasis) in the patient’s body and brain are responsible for drug tolerance and the drug withdrawal syndrome. In the latter case, he suggested that the absence of the drug leaves these same homeostatic mechanisms exposed, leading to the withdrawal syndrome. This theory provides the framework for a majority of neurochemical investigations of the adaptations that occur in alcohol dependence and how these adaptations may precipitate withdrawal. This article examines the Himmelsbach theory and its application to alcohol withdrawal; reviews the animal models being used to study withdrawal; and looks at the postulated neuroadaptations in three systems—the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter system, the glutamate neurotransmitter system, and the calcium channel system that regulates various processes inside neurons. The role of these neuroadaptations in withdrawal and the clinical implications of this research also are considered. KEY WORDS: AOD withdrawal syndrome; neurochemistry; biochemical mechanism; AOD tolerance; brain; homeostasis; biological AOD dependence; biological AOD use; disorder theory; biological adaptation; animal model; GABA receptors; glutamate receptors; calcium channel; proteins; detoxification; brain damage; disease severity; AODD (alcohol and other drug dependence) relapse; literature review uring the past 25 years research- science models used to study with- of the reasons why advances in basic ers have made rapid progress drawal neurochemistry as well as a research have not yet been translated Din understanding the chemi- reluctance on the part of clinicians to into therapeutic gains and suggests cal activities that occur in the nervous consider new treatments. -
Aminergic Transmitter Systems in Cognitive Disorders
AMINERGIC TRANSMITTER SYSTEMS IN COGNITIVE DISORDERS John P. Bruno1 and Martin Sarter Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH 43210 Running title: Cognitive disorders and aminergic transmission 1 Correspondence: Dr. John P. Bruno Department of Psychology 31 Townshend Hall The Ohio State University Columbus, OH 43210 voice: 614-292-1770 FAX: 614-688-4733 email: [email protected] To appear in: Textbook of Biological Psychiatry (D haenen H, Den Boer JA, Westenberg H, Willner P, eds.), John Wiley and Sons. INTRODUCTION 2 The major categories of cognitive disorders defined in the DSMIV include various types of dementias, deliriums, and amnestic disorders (American Psychological Association, DSMIV, 2000). The goal of this chapter is to present a thorough, but certainly not exhaustive, summary of the evidence for dysregulations in aminergic neurotransmitter systems in several representative cognitive disorders. Aminergic transmitter systems include the biogenic amine acetylcholine (ACh), the catecholamines dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (Epi), and the indoleamine serotonin (5-HT). For a more detailed discussion of the neuropharmacology and chemoanatomy of aminergic transmitter systems the reader is referred to the earlier chapter by Mathé and Svensson in this book. Not surprisingly, there is considerable variation in the extent of the literatures on the neurochemical dysregulations accompanying delirium, dementia, and amnestic disorders. The scope of our review will be limited to several syndromes for which there is considerable evidence implicating specific aminergic transmitter systems to these cognitive disorders. Thus, the discussion of the dementias will be limited to dementia of the Alzheimer s type (DAT) and AIDS-associated dementia (AAD). -
Beta-Phenylethylamine, a Small Molecule with a Large Impact
Article ID: WMC004459 ISSN 2046-1690 Beta-phenylethylamine, a small molecule with a large impact Peer review status: Yes Corresponding Author: Ms. Meredith Irsfeld, Fargo, North Dakota State University - United States of America Submitting Author: Dr. Birgit Pruess, Associate Professor, North Dakota State University, Fargo ND 58108, 58108 - United States of America Other Authors: Mr. Matthew Spadafore, Fargo, North Dakota State University - United States of America Previous Article Reference: http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/4409 Article ID: WMC004459 Article Type: Review articles Submitted on:12-Dec-2013, 07:13:25 PM GMT Published on: 13-Dec-2013, 06:22:50 AM GMT Article URL: http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/4459 Subject Categories:BIOCHEMISTRY Keywords:neurotransmitter, antimicrobial, food spoilage How to cite the article:Irsfeld M, Spadafore M, Pruess B. Beta-phenylethylamine, a small molecule with a large impact. WebmedCentral BIOCHEMISTRY 2013;4(12):WMC004459 Copyright: This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License(CC-BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Source(s) of Funding: 1R15AI089403 from NIH/NIAID Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interets. WebmedCentral > Review articles Page 1 of 16 WMC004459 Downloaded from http://www.webmedcentral.com on 13-Dec-2013, 10:11:14 AM Beta-phenylethylamine, a small molecule with a large impact Author(s): Irsfeld M, Spadafore M, Pruess B Abstract functional relatives of biogenic amines, we present information on other trace amines and biogenic amines as appropriate. General information about PEA is summarized in Chapter I, including the During a screen of bacterial nutrients as inhibitors of chemical properties of PEA (1.1), its natural Escherichia coli O157:H7 biofilm, the Prub research occurrence and biological synthesis (1.2), and its team made an intriguing observation: among 95 chemical synthesis (1.3).