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The Effects of Private Memory on the Redress Movement of Japanese Americans
From Private Moments to Public Calls for Justice: The Effects of Private Memory on the Redress Movement of Japanese Americans A thesis submitted to the Department of History, Miami University, in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for Honors in History. Sarah Franklin Doran Miami University Oxford, Ohio May 201 ii ABSTRACT FROM PRIVATE MOMENTS TO PUBLIC CALLS FOR JUSTICE: THE EFFECTS OF PRIVVATE MEMORY ON THE REDRESS MOVEMENT OF JAPANESE AMERICANS Sarah Doran It has been 68 years since President Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, which led to the internment of more than 110,000 Japanese Americans. This period of internment would shape the lives of all of those directly involved and have ramifications even four generations later. Due to the lack of communication between family members who were interned and their children, the movement for redress was not largely popular until the 1970s. Many families classified their time in the internment camps as subjects that were off limits, thus, leaving children without the true knowledge of their heritage. Because memories were not shared within the household, younger generations had no pressing reason to fight for redress. It was only after an opening in the avenue of communication between the generations that the search for true justice could commence. The purpose of this thesis is to explore how communication patterns within the home, the Japanese-American community, and ultimately the nation changed to allow for the successful completion of a reparation movement. What occurred to encourage those who were interned to end their silence and share their experiences with their children, grandchildren, and the greater community? Further, what external factors influenced this same phenomenon? The research for this project was largely accomplished through reading memoirs and historical monographs. -
VISIONS Winter 2005 Please Scroll Down to Begin Reading Our Issue
VISIONS Winter 2005 Please scroll down to begin reading our issue. Thanks! Brian Lee ‘06, Editor in Chief [email protected] LETTER FROM THE EDITORS WINTER 2005 VOLUME vi, ISSUE 1 Welcome to the Winter 2005 issue of VISIONS. We hope We would like to sincerely thank our artists, poets, you enjoy the quality and variety of artistic, poetic, writers, and staff members for making VISIONS Winter and literary contributions celebrating the diversity of 2005 a reality—without all of your hours of work and the Asian American community at Brown. creativity VISIONS could not be where it is today. We would also like to thank Dean Kisa Takesue of the VISIONS boasts a dedicated staff of writers, artists, Third World Center and Office of Student Life, who and designers, and maintains a strong editorial staff serves as the administrative advisor of VISIONS, for dedicated to the constant improvement of this truly her ideas, inspiration, and support. We would like unique publication. As many of you know, since to extend our appreciation to the individuals and our Spring 2004 issue we have been in the process groups who generously sponsored this publication of vastly improving the quality of our publication, and gave us their belief in us to succeed, and we transforming it from a small pamphlet into its current are extremely grateful to our supporters in the Brown form. This has been possible thanks to the efforts of community for taking an interest in this publication our staff members as well as our generous sponsors in and the issues it raises. -
A Comparison of the Japanese American Internment Experience in Hawaii and Arkansas Caleb Kenji Watanabe University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 12-2011 Islands and Swamps: A Comparison of the Japanese American Internment Experience in Hawaii and Arkansas Caleb Kenji Watanabe University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd Part of the Asian American Studies Commons, Other History Commons, and the Public History Commons Recommended Citation Watanabe, Caleb Kenji, "Islands and Swamps: A Comparison of the Japanese American Internment Experience in Hawaii and Arkansas" (2011). Theses and Dissertations. 206. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/206 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. ISLANDS AND SWAMPS: A COMPARISON OF THE JAPANESE AMERICAN INTERNMENT EXPERIENCE IN HAWAII AND ARKANSAS ISLANDS AND SWAMPS: A COMPARISON OF THE JAPANESE AMERICAN INTERNMENT EXPERIENCE IN HAWAII AND ARKANSAS A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History By Caleb Kenji Watanabe Arkansas Tech University Bachelor of Arts in History, 2009 December 2011 University of Arkansas ABSTRACT Comparing the Japanese American relocation centers of Arkansas and the camp systems of Hawaii shows that internment was not universally detrimental to those held within its confines. Internment in Hawaii was far more severe than it was in Arkansas. This claim is supported by both primary sources, derived mainly from oral interviews, and secondary sources made up of scholarly research that has been conducted on the topic since the events of Japanese American internment occurred. -
Loyalty and Betrayal Reconsidered: the Tule Lake Pilgrimage
University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository History ETDs Electronic Theses and Dissertations 6-9-2016 "Yes, No, Maybe": Loyalty and Betrayal Reconsidered: The uleT Lake Pilgrimage Ella-Kari Loftfield Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/hist_etds Recommended Citation Loftfield, Ella-Kari. ""Yes, No, Maybe": Loyalty and Betrayal Reconsidered: The uleT Lake Pilgrimage." (2016). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/hist_etds/47 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in History ETDs by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Ella-Kari Loftfield Candidate History Department This thesis is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication: Approved by the Thesis Committee: Professor Melissa Bokovoy, Chairperson Professor Jason Scott Smith Professor Barbara Reyes i “YES, NO, MAYBE−” LOYALTY AND BETRAYAL RECONSIDERED: THE TULE LAKE PILGRIMAGE By Ella-Kari Loftfield B.A., Social Anthropology, Haverford College, 1985 THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts History The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico May, 2016 ii Dedication This thesis is dedicated to my father, Robert Loftfield whose enthusiasm for learning and scholarship knew no bounds. iii Acknowledgements This thesis would not have been possible without the support and encouragement of many people. Thanks to Peter Reed who has been by my side and kept me well fed during the entire experience. Thanks to the Japanese American National Museum for inviting me to participate in curriculum writing that lit a fire in my belly. -
Consequences of the Attack on Pearl Harbor from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia Jump to Navigationjump to Search
Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search Hideki Tojo, Japanese Prime Minister at the time of the attack Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor took place on December 7, 1941. The U.S. military suffered 18 ships damaged or sunk, and 2,400 people were killed. Its most significant consequence was the entrance of the United States into World War II. The US had previously been neutral but subsequently entered the Pacific War, the Battle of the Atlantic and the European theatre of war. Following the attack, the US interned 120,000 Japanese Americans, 11,000 German Americans, and 3,000 Italian Americans. Contents 1American public opinion prior to the attack 2American response 3Japanese views 4Germany and Italy declare war 5British reaction 6Canadian response 7Investigations and blame 8Rise of anti-Japanese sentiment and historical significance 9Perception of the attack today o 9.1Revisionism controversies 10Analysis o 10.1Tactical implications . 10.1.1Battleships . 10.1.2Carriers . 10.1.3Shore installations . 10.1.4Charts o 10.2Strategic implications 11See also 12Notes 13External links American public opinion prior to the attack[edit] From the outbreak of World War II on September 1, 1939 to December 8, 1941, the United States was officially neutral, as it was bound by the Neutrality Acts not to get involved in the conflicts raging in Europe and Asia. Prior to the attack on Pearl Harbor, public opinion in the United States had not been unanimous. When polled in January -
Historic Resource Study
Historic Resource Study Minidoka Internment National Monument _____________________________________________________ Prepared for the National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Seattle, Washington Minidoka Internment National Monument Historic Resource Study Amy Lowe Meger History Department Colorado State University National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Seattle, Washington 2005 Table of Contents Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………… i Note on Terminology………………………………………….…………………..…. ii List of Figures ………………………………………………………………………. iii Part One - Before World War II Chapter One - Introduction - Minidoka Internment National Monument …………... 1 Chapter Two - Life on the Margins - History of Early Idaho………………………… 5 Chapter Three - Gardening in a Desert - Settlement and Development……………… 21 Chapter Four - Legalized Discrimination - Nikkei Before World War II……………. 37 Part Two - World War II Chapter Five- Outcry for Relocation - World War II in America ………….…..…… 65 Chapter Six - A Dust Covered Pseudo City - Camp Construction……………………. 87 Chapter Seven - Camp Minidoka - Evacuation, Relocation, and Incarceration ………105 Part Three - After World War II Chapter Eight - Farm in a Day- Settlement and Development Resume……………… 153 Chapter Nine - Conclusion- Commemoration and Memory………………………….. 163 Appendixes ………………………………………………………………………… 173 Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………. 181 Cover: Nikkei working on canal drop at Minidoka, date and photographer unknown, circa 1943. (Minidoka Manuscript Collection, Hagerman Fossil -
Living Voices Within the Silence Bibliography 1
Living Voices Within the Silence bibliography 1 Within the Silence bibliography FICTION Elementary So Far from the Sea Eve Bunting Aloha means come back: the story of a World War II girl Thomas and Dorothy Hoobler Pearl Harbor is burning: a story of World War II Kathleen Kudlinski A Place Where Sunflowers Grow (bilingual: English/Japanese) Amy Lee-Tai Baseball Saved Us Heroes Ken Mochizuki Flowers from Mariko Rick Noguchi & Deneen Jenks Sachiko Means Happiness Kimiko Sakai Home of the Brave Allen Say Blue Jay in the Desert Marlene Shigekawa The Bracelet Yoshiko Uchida Umbrella Taro Yashima Intermediate The Burma Rifles Frank Bonham My Friend the Enemy J.B. Cheaney Tallgrass Sandra Dallas Early Sunday Morning: The Pearl Harbor Diary of Amber Billows 1 Living Voices Within the Silence bibliography 2 The Journal of Ben Uchida, Citizen 13559, Mirror Lake Internment Camp Barry Denenberg Farewell to Manzanar Jeanne and James Houston Lone Heart Mountain Estelle Ishigo Itsuka Joy Kogawa Weedflower Cynthia Kadohata Boy From Nebraska Ralph G. Martin A boy at war: a novel of Pearl Harbor A boy no more Heroes don't run Harry Mazer Citizen 13660 Mine Okubo My Secret War: The World War II Diary of Madeline Beck Mary Pope Osborne Thin wood walls David Patneaude A Time Too Swift Margaret Poynter House of the Red Fish Under the Blood-Red Sun Eyes of the Emperor Graham Salisbury, The Moon Bridge Marcia Savin Nisei Daughter Monica Sone The Best Bad Thing A Jar of Dreams The Happiest Ending Journey to Topaz Journey Home Yoshiko Uchida 2 Living Voices Within the Silence bibliography 3 Secondary Snow Falling on Cedars David Guterson Hotel on the Corner of Bitter and Sweet Jamie Ford Before the War: Poems as they Happened Drawing the Line: Poems Legends from Camp Lawson Fusao Inada The moved-outers Florence Crannell Means From a Three-Cornered World, New & Selected Poems James Masao Mitsui Chauvinist and Other Stories Toshio Mori No No Boy John Okada When the Emperor was Divine Julie Otsuka The Loom and Other Stories R.A. -
Italian Secrets: How Omertà Kept an Experience Quiet by Raul A
Italian Secrets: How Omertà Kept An Experience Quiet By Raul A. Rubio Fort Missoula, Montana. 1942. Courtesy of the K. Ross Toole Archives, University of Montana at Missoula (Number 84-295, Pierce Coll.) Densho ID: denshopd-i44-00003 “In silence and movement you can show the reflection of people.” – Marcel Marceau Upon hearing the word, internment, a slew of images and connotations materialize without control. These images are not fictitious. They are very real. A train station is pictured. A long line of men in suits and women in pearls stand on the platform for that train. The children cling to each other and to their mother’s coats. A lone suitcase, erect and still and as honorable as those whose lives are on the verge of uncertainty. Internment. The images are inescapable. The sad story of what Americans can do when gripped with fear to a people whose only crime was the possession of a last name, a language, and a culture. The Japanese were taken from their homes, their businesses destroyed, and their families shattered. These are the images that emerge when the word internment is spoken. Most of the narrative, scholarship, and history of internment, center on the Japanese and Japanese American experience. This is terribly incomplete. The U.S. had declared war on Japan. The enemies were the Japanese. There were, however, other enemies. These enemies were branded “enemy aliens.” The “enemy aliens” were not exclusively Japanese. The U.S. was entering a world war against not only the Japanse, but also the Axis Powers. The Axis Powers were our enemies. -
Honouliuli Gulch and Associated Sites Final Special Resource Study and Environmental Assessment
National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Honouliuli Gulch and Associated Sites Final Special Resource Study and Environmental Assessment August 2015 We are pleased to provide you with this copy of the Honouliuli Gulch and Associated Sites Final Special Resource Study and Environmental Assessment. This report has been prepared to provide Congress and the public with information about the resources in the study area and how they relate to criteria for inclusion within the national park system. Publication and transmittal of this report should not be considered an endorsement for a commitment by the National Park Service to seek or support either specific legislative authorization for the project or appropriation for its implementation. The Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI) for this document was signed on October 15, 2014. Photo credits Front and back covers: Barracks and tents at Honouliuli, c. 1945, by R. H. Lodge. Courtesy of Hawai'i’s Plantation Village. Front inside cover: Remaining World War II-era structure, Honouliuli Internment Camp. Photo: Valentino Valdez. Back inside cover: Extant fence post with barbed wire, Honouliuli Internment Camp. Photo: Valentino Valdez. HONOULIULI GULCH AND ASSOCIATED SITES Final Special Resource Study and Environmental Assessment AUGUST 2015 Produced by the Pacific West Regional Office Park Planning and Environmental Compliance San Francisco, CA and Seattle, WA National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, DC Final Special Resource Study and Environmental Assessment for HONOULIULI GULCH AND ASSOCIATED SITES August 2015 The National Park Service (NPS) prepared the Honouliuli Gulch and Associated Sites Special Resource Study and Environmental Assessment to determine whether the Honouliuli Internment Camp and associated World War II internment sites in Hawai‘i are nationally significant, suitable, and feasible for inclusion in the national park system. -
Dorothea Lange's Censored Photographs of the Japanese
Volume 15 | Issue 3 | Number 1 | Article ID 5008 | Feb 01, 2017 The Asia-Pacific Journal | Japan Focus Dorothea Lange’s Censored Photographs of the Japanese American Internment Linda Gordon Abstract: Bloch; she was then married to prominent artist Maynard Dixon, and she socialized with While Dorothea Lange has long been widely artists, bohemians, and her wealthy clients. known and acclaimed for her photographs When Diego Rivera made his first visit to the depicting the impact of the Great Depression US in 1930, he fell in with that crowd and on farmers and laborers, her documentation of Lange loaned her studio to Frida Kahlo. the Japanese American internment was long impounded by the US army. This article tells In 1935, restless and bored with her studio the story and shows some of the signature photography, she took a job with the Farm images contained in her documentation of the Security Administration (FSA) of the internment as well as explaining their long Department of Agriculture. Her assignment suppression. was to document the impact of the depression on farmers and farmworkers; these photographs were widely published as a means of building support for President Franklin Roosevelt’s agricultural policies. These photographs, however, then appeared without Shortly after Franklin Roosevelt ordered the the name of their creator. Since then, however, internment of Japanese Americans in 1942, the she has become most famous for this work: her War Location Authority hired photographer photographs of migrant farmworkers and Dorothea Lange to document the process. I sharecroppers have been so widely published strongly suspect that whoever made the that those who do not know her name almost decision knew little about her previous work, always recognize her pictures. -
Aiko Herzig Yoshinaga Papers SPC.2018.058
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8kp888m Online items available Inventory of Aiko Herzig Yoshinaga Papers SPC.2018.058 Jennifer Hill. Scope and Content, Biography, and edits by Eileen Yoshimura. California State University Dominguez Hills, Gerth Archives and Special Collections 2019-10-31 University Library South -5039 (Fifth Floor) 1000 E. Victoria St. Carson, CA 90747 [email protected] URL: https://www.csudh.edu/libarchives/ Inventory of Aiko Herzig SPC.2018.058 1 Yoshinaga Papers SPC.2018.058 Contributing Institution: California State University Dominguez Hills, Gerth Archives and Special Collections Title: Aiko Herzig Yoshinaga Papers Creator: Yoshinaga-Herzig, Aiko Creator: Herzig, John A., 1922-2005 Identifier/Call Number: SPC.2018.058 Physical Description: 60 boxesapproximately Date (inclusive): circa 1900-December 1, 2018 Date (bulk): 1980-2018 Abstract: This collection includes correspondence, media, publications, photographs, manuscripts, documents, and other materials related to Aiko Herzig Yoshinaga's life and work related to activism and social justice. Subjects in the collection include Redress and Reparations, the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians, Japanese American incarceration, and Aiko's personal life. Some material has been digitized and is available online. Language of Material: English . Conditions Governing Use All requests for permission to publish or quote from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Director of Archives and Special Collections. Permission for publication is given on behalf of Special Collections as the owner of the physical materials and not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained. Preferred Citation For information about citing archival material, see the Citations for Archival Material guide, or consult the appropriate style manual. -
Inclusion and Exclusion in American Legal History (Do Not Delete) 6/14/2016 5:22 PM
23.10 - Inclusion and Exclusion in American Legal History (Do Not Delete) 6/14/2016 5:22 PM Inclusion and Exclusion in American Legal History Mark E. Steiner† I. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 69 II. AMERICAN LEGAL HISTORY CASEBOOKS ............................................... 72 III. SURVEY TEXTS ...................................................................................... 78 IV. INTRODUCTORY TEXTS .......................................................................... 86 V. MARGINS AND MAINSTREAMS ................................................................ 91 VI. CONCLUSION .......................................................................................... 98 I. INTRODUCTION Scholarship on Asian American history has increased dramatically over the last twenty-five years.1 Asian Americans are no longer at the margins of American historiography.2 The history of Asian Americans illuminates both the history of immigration and the “history of how race works in the United States.”3 Historian Erika Lee has suggested, “You DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15779/Z38QC43 Copyright © 2016 Regents of the University of California. † Godwin PC Research Professor and Professor of Law, South Texas College of Law. Thanks to Al Brophy for his comments, to Emma L. Steiner for her research assistance, and to Lindsey Quock, Jon Tanaka, and Jonathan Ma of the Asian American Law Journal for all their hard work in making this Article better. 1. See generally SUCHENG CHAN, Chinese American Historiography: What Difference Has the Asian American Movement Made?, in CHINESE AMERICANS AND THE POLITICS OF RACE AND CULTURE 1 (Sucheng Chan & Madeline Y. Hsu eds., 2008); Sucheng Chan, The Changing Contours of Asian- American Historiography, 11 RETHINKING HIST. 125 (2007); Roger Daniels, No Lamps Were Lit for Them: Angel Island and the Historiography of Asian American Immigration, 17 J. AM. ETHNIC HIST. 3 (Summer 1997); GARY Y. OKIHIRO, THE COLUMBIA GUIDE TO ASIAN AMERICAN HISTORY (2001); Mae M.