The Power of the Church
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Ancient Times (A.D
The Catholic Faith History of Catholicism A Brief History of Catholicism (Excerpts from Catholicism for Dummies) Ancient Times (A.D. 33-741) Non-Christian Rome (33-312) o The early Christians (mostly Jews who maintained their Jewish traditions) o Jerusalem’s religious establishment tolerated the early Christians as a fringe element of Judaism o Christianity splits into its own religion . Growing number of Gentile converts (outnumbered Jewish converts by the end of the first century) . Greek and Roman cultural influences were adapted into Christianity . Destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem in A.D. 70 (resulted in the final and formal expulsion of the Christians from Judaism) o The Roman persecutions . The first period (A.D. 68-117) – Emperor Nero blamed Christians for the burning of Rome . The second period (A.D. 117-192) – Emperors were less tyrannical and despotic but the persecutions were still promoted . The third period (A.D. 193-313) – Persecutions were the most virulent, violent, and atrocious during this period Christian Rome (313-475) o A.D. 286 Roman Empire split between East and West . Constantinople – formerly the city of Byzantium and now present- day Istanbul . Rome – declined in power and prestige during the barbarian invasions (A.D. 378-570) while the papacy emerged as the stable center of a chaotic world o Roman Emperor Constantine issued the Edict of Milan in A.D. 313 which legalized Christianity – it was no longer a capital crime to be Christian o A.D. 380 Christianity became the official state religion – Paganism was outlawed o The Christian Patriarchs (Jerusalem, Antioch, Alexandria, Rome, and Constantinople) . -
Boso's- Lfe of Alexdnder 111
Boso's- Lfe of Alexdnder 111 Introduction by PETER MUNZ Translated by G. M. ELLIS (AG- OXFORD . BASIL BLACKWELL @ Basil Blackwell 1973 AI1 rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval System, or uansmitted, in any form or by. any. means, electronic, mechanical, photo- copying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permis- sion of Basil Blackwell & Mott Limited. ICBN o 631 14990 2 Library of Congress Catalog Card Num'cer: 72-96427 Printed in Great Britain by Western Printing Services Ltd, Bristol MONUMENTA GERilAANIAE I-' 11.2' I d8-:;c,-q-- Bibliothek Boso's history of Pope Alexander I11 (1159-1181) is the most re- markable Part of the Liber Pontificalis. Unlike almost all the other contributions, it is far more than an informative chronicle. It is a work of history in its own right and falsely described as a Life of Alexander 111. Boso's work is in fact a history of the Iong schism in the church brought about by the double election of I159 and perpet- uated until the Peace of Venice in I 177. It makes no claim to be a Life of Alexander because it not only says nothing about his career before his election but also purposely omits all those events and activities of his pontificate which do not strictly belong to the history of the schism. It ends with Alexander's return to Rome in 1176. Some historians have imagined that this ending was enforced by Boso's death which is supposed to have taken piace in 1178.~But there is no need for such a supposition. -
The Dark Age Church Period of Barbarian Invasions
Scholars Crossing History of Global Missions Center for Global Ministries 2009 The Dark Age Church Period of Barbarian Invasions Don Fanning Liberty University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgm_hist Recommended Citation Fanning, Don, "The Dark Age Church Period of Barbarian Invasions" (2009). History of Global Missions. 3. https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgm_hist/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Global Ministries at Scholars Crossing. It has been accepted for inclusion in History of Global Missions by an authorized administrator of Scholars Crossing. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Middle Ages 500-1000 1 3 The Dark Age Church Period of Barbarian Invasions AD 500—1000 Introduction With the endorsement of the Emperor and obligatory church membership for all Roman citizens across the empire, Roman Christianity continued to change the nature of the Church, in stead of visa versa. The humble beginnings were soon forgotten in the luxurious halls and civil power of the highest courts and assemblies of the known world. Who needs spiritual power when you can have civil power? The transition from being the persecuted to the persecutor, from the powerless to the powerful with Imperial and divine authority brought with it the inevitable seeds of corruption. Some say that Christianity won the known world in the first five centuries, but a closer look may reveal that the world had won Christianity as well, and that, in much less time. The year 476 usually marks the end of the Christian Roman Empire in the West. -
Shared Beliefs Between Roman Catholics and Protestants
May 27, 2018 Shared Beliefs between Roman Catholics and Protestants Recommended Book • Roman Catholics and Evangelicals: Agreements and Differences by Norman L. Geisler and Ralph E. MacKenzie (Baker Books, 1995). • James Akin, Roman Catholic, Catholic Answers Senior Apologist “This book offers a comprehensive and balanced discussion and should retire older, sensationalistic works.” Summary of Agreements “What evangelicals have in common with Roman Catholics… this includes the great fundamentals of the Christian faith, including a belief in the Trinity, the virgin birth, the deity of Christ, the creation and subsequent fall of humanity, Christ’s unique atonement for our sins, the physical resurrection of Christ, the necessity of God’s grace for salvation, the existence of heaven and hell, the second coming of Christ, and the verbal inspiration and infallibility of Scripture.” (Geisler, Roman Catholics and Evangelicals, p. 155) Areas of Agreement Shared Beliefs on the Bible High View of Scripture • “The [Catholic] Church has always venerated the divine Scriptures.” (Vatican II) Scripture is inspired (“from God”) • Inspiration deals with the source of the Bible: it’s from God (2 Tim. 3:16; 2 Pet. 1:21). • Prophets were mouthpieces for God (2 Sam. 23:2; Heb. 1:1; Dt. 18:18; “thus says the Lord” x 1700). 1 • First Vatican Council: The Old and New Testaments were “written under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit… they have God as their author.” Scripture is infallible (“cannot fail or be broken”). • Jesus said it has divine authority (“it is written,” Mt. 4:7). • Jesus said it cannot perish (“not on jot or tittle will pass away until all fulfilled,” Mt. -
Blessed Giovanni Cacciafronte De Sordi with the Vicenza Mode
anticSwiss 28/09/2021 06:49:50 http://www.anticswiss.com Blessed Giovanni Cacciafronte de Sordi with the Vicenza mode FOR SALE ANTIQUE DEALER Period: 16° secolo - 1500 Ars Antiqua srl Milano Style: Altri stili +39 02 29529057 393664680856 Height:51cm Width:40.5cm Material:Olio su tela Price:3400€ DETAILED DESCRIPTION: 16th century Blessed Giovanni Cacciafronte de Sordi with the model of the city of Vicenza Oil on oval canvas, 51 x 40.5 cm The oval canvas depicts a holy bishop, as indicated by the attributes of the miter on the head of the young man and the crosier held by angel behind him. The facial features reflect those of a beardless young man, with a full and jovial face, corresponding to a youthful depiction of the blessed Giovanni Cacciafronte (Cremona, c. 1125 - Vicenza, March 16, 1181). Another characteristic attribute is the model of the city of Vicenza that he holds in his hands, the one of which he became bishop in 1175. Giovanni Cacciafronte de Sordi lived at the time of the struggle undertaken by the emperor Frederick Barbarossa (1125-1190), against the Papacy and the Italian Municipalities. Giovanni was born in Cremona around 1125 from a family of noble origins; still at an early age he lost his father, his mother remarried the noble Adamo Cacciafronte, who loved him as his own son, giving him his name; he received religious and cultural training. At sixteen he entered the Abbey of San Lorenzo in Cremona as a Benedictine monk; over the years his qualities and virtues became more and more evident, and he won the sympathies of his superiors and confreres. -
The Final Decrees of the Council of Trent Established
The Final Decrees Of The Council Of Trent Established Unsmotherable Raul usually spoon-feed some scolder or lapped degenerately. Rory prejudice off-the-record while Cytherean Richard sensualize tiptop or lather wooingly. Estival Clarke departmentalized some symbolizing after bidirectional Floyd daguerreotyped wholesale. The whole series of the incredible support and decrees the whole christ who is, the subject is an insurmountable barrier for us that was an answer This month holy synod hath decreed is single be perpetually observed by all Christians, even below those priests on whom by open office it wrong be harsh to celebrate, provided equal opportunity after a confessor fail of not. Take to eat, caviar is seen body. At once again filled our lord or even though regulars of secundus of indulgences may have, warmly supported by. Pretty as decrees affecting every week for final decrees what they teach that we have them as opposing conceptions still; which gave rise from? For final council established, decreed is a number of councils. It down in epistolam ad campaign responding clearly saw these matters regarding them, bishop in his own will find life? The potato of Trent did not argue to issue with full statement of Catholic belief. Church once more congestion more implored that remedy. Unable put in trent established among christian councils, decreed under each. Virgin mary herself is, trent the final decrees of council established and because it as found that place, which the abridged from? This button had been promised in former times through the prophets, and Christ Himself had fulfilled it and promulgated it except His lips. -
Christopher White Table of Contents
Christopher White Table of Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 4 Peter the “rock”? ...................................................................................................................................... 4 Churches change over time ...................................................................................................................... 6 The Church and her earthly pilgrimage .................................................................................................... 7 Chapter 1 The Apostle Peter (d. 64?) : First Bishop and Pope of Rome? .................................................. 11 Peter in Rome ......................................................................................................................................... 12 Yes and No .............................................................................................................................................. 13 The death of Peter .................................................................................................................................. 15 Chapter 2 Pope Sylvester (314-335): Constantine’s Pope ......................................................................... 16 Constantine and his imprint .................................................................................................................... 17 “Remembering” Sylvester ...................................................................................................................... -
The Holy See
The Holy See LETTER OF THE HOLY FATHER POPE BENEDICT XVI TO THE BISHOPS, PRIESTS, CONSECRATED PERSONS AND LAY FAITHFUL OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA - Declaration (30 June 2007) [Chinese (China), Chinese (Taiwan), English, Italian] - Explanatory Note (27 May 2007) [Chinese (Cina), Chinese (Taiwan), English, French, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish] - Compendium [Chinese (China)/English, Chinese (Taiwan)/English, English] Greeting 1. Dear Brother Bishops, dear priests, consecrated persons and all the faithful of the Catholic Church in China: "We always thank God, the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, when we pray for you, because we have heard of your faith in 2 Christ Jesus and of the love which you have for all the saints, because of the hope laid up for you in heaven ... We have not ceased to pray for you, asking that you may be filled with the knowledge of his will in all spiritual wisdom and understanding, to lead a life worthy of the Lord, fully pleasing to him, bearing fruit in every good work and increasing in the knowledge of God. May you be strengthened with all power, according to his glorious might, for all endurance and patience with joy" (Col 1:3-5, 9-11). These words of the Apostle Paul are highly appropriate for expressing the sentiments that I, as the Successor of Peter and universal Pastor of the Church, feel towards you. You know well how much you are present in my heart and in my daily prayer and how deep is the relationship of communion that unites us spiritually. -
Monasticism Old And
Study Guides for Monasticism Old and New These guides integrate Bible study, prayer, and worship to explore how monastic communities, classic and new, provide a powerful critique of mainstream culture and offer transforming possibilities Christian Reflection for our discipleship. Use them individually or in a series. You may A Series in Faith and Ethics reproduce them for personal or group use. A Vision So Old It Looks New 2 It is hard to be a Christian in America today. But that can be good news, the new monastics are discovering. If the cost of discipleship pushes us to go back and listen to Jesus again, it may open us to costly grace and the transformative power of resurrection life. In every era God has raised up new monas- tics to remind the Church of its true vocation. The Finkenwalde Project 4 Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s project at Finkenwalde Seminary to recover for congregations the deep Christian tradition is a prominent model for young twenty-first-century Christians. Weary of the false dichotomy between right belief and right practice, they seek the wholeness of discipleship in what Bonhoeffer called “a kind of new monasticism.” Evangelicals and Monastics 6 Could any two groups of Christians—evangelicals and monastics—be more different? But the New Monasticism movement has opened a new chapter in the relations of these previously estranged groups. Nothing is more characteristic of monastics and evangelicals than their unshakable belief that one cannot be truly spiritual without putting one’s faith into practice, and one cannot sustain Christian discipleship without a prayerful spirituality. -
Manufacturing Middle Ages
Manufacturing Middle Ages Entangled History of Medievalism in Nineteenth-Century Europe Edited by Patrick J. Geary and Gábor Klaniczay LEIDEN • BOSTON 2013 © 2013 Koninklijke Brill NV ISBN 978-90-04-24486-3 CONTENTS List of Figures ................................................................................................... ix Acknowledgements ........................................................................................ xiii Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1 PART ONE MEDIEVALISM IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY HISTORIOGRAPHY National Origin Narratives in the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy ..... 13 Walter Pohl The Uses and Abuses of the Barbarian Invasions in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries ......................................................................... 51 Ian N. Wood Oehlenschlaeger and Ibsen: National Revival in Drama and History in Denmark and Norway c. 1800–1860 ................................. 71 Sverre Bagge Romantic Historiography as a Sociology of Liberty: Joachim Lelewel and His Contemporaries ......................................... 89 Maciej Janowski PART TWO MEDIEVALISM IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY ARCHITECTURE The Roots of Medievalism in North-West Europe: National Romanticism, Architecture, Literature .............................. 111 David M. Wilson Medieval and Neo-Medieval Buildings in Scandinavia ....................... 139 Anders Andrén © 2013 Koninklijke Brill NV ISBN 978-90-04-24486-3 vi contents Restoration as an Expression -
“Going to Canossa” – Exploring the Popular Historical Idiom
“Going to Canossa” – Exploring the popular historical idiom NCSS Thematic Strand(s): Time, Continuity, and Change (Power, Authority, and Governance) Grade Level: 7-12 Class Periods Required: One 50 Minute Period Purpose, Background, and Context In order to make history more tangible and explain historical references in context, we are tracing common idioms to their historical roots. The popular idiom (at least in Germany/Europe) to indicate reluctant repentance or “eating dirt” is ‘taking the walk to Canossa’ which references the climax of the Investiture Conflict in the 11th century CE culminating in the below scandal between Emperor Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII. In previous classes we have discussed the political structures of the time, the power struggles between Church and state, and the social background leading up to this event. We will illuminate the political/religious situation of interdependence and power- play leading up to this éclat, the climax of the Investiture Conflict, why it was such a big affair for both sides, and how it was resolved, i.e. who “won” (initial appearances). Additionally, the implications for European rule, the relation between secular and religious rulers after Canossa will be considered in the lessons following this one. Objectives & Student outcomes Students will: Examine historical letters between Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII regarding the excommunication, pictures depicting the events at Canossa and others (NCSS Standards 2010, pp. 30-31) Apply critical thinking skills to historical inquiry by interpreting, analyzing and synthesizing events of the past (NCSS Standards 2010, pp. 30-31) Understand the historical significance of the Investiture Conflict and the results of the previous and ensuing power politics in Europe (NCSS Standards 2010, pp. -
IV. the Wording and Meaning of the “Constitutum Constantini”
IV. The wording and meaning of the “Constitutum Constantini” Recollection plays base tricks with past reality; it reconstructs it and constantly creates it anew. This applies equally to individual and to collective memory. It changes its reference as and when it pleases. The reality of forgeries is not immune from such distortions, and once they have become the subject of memory they themselves can be forged and altered dramatically. So it was that memory altered the pseudo-Constantinian creation, and made of it something that it had never been; there was a substantial shift in the system of reference of cultural meaning. In order to demonstrate this we must leave behind the “Donation” and its monumental effects, and turn instead to its apparently harmless earlier history, that is to the actual text of the “Constitutum Constantini” and its origin. What did the forger originally write (and Pseudo-Isidore and the early manuscripts of the Decretum Gratiani preserve?) How was it to be understood? What effects did it have at the time? The original wording of the text takes us back to another age, to another society, to other memories of Rome, other discourses, other concepts and another understanding of the text. Once it had been made part of history the context, legal consequences and entire intention of Constantine’s donation changed. So what had Constantine, at the behest of the forger, ‘donated’? What did his curious decreti pagina, the figure of memory in the “Constitutum Constantini”, an- nounce? Once again we must remember that each memory is linked to its temporal context and to its needs.