DOCSLIB.ORG

Baseline Report Series: 21

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Baseline Report Series: 21 Baseline Report Series: 21. The Chalk and Crag of north Norfolk and the Waveney Catchment Groundwater Systems and Water Quality Commissioned Report CR/06/043N Science Group: Air, Land & Water Technical Report NC/99/74/21 The Natural Quality of Groundwater in England and Wales A joint programme of research by the British Geological Survey and the Environment Agency BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Commissioned Report CR/06/043N ENVIRONMENT AGENCY Science Group: Air, Land & Water Technical Report NC/99/74/21 This report is the result of a study jointly funded by the British Geological Baseline Report Series: Survey’s National Groundwater Survey and the Environment Agency’s Science 21. The Chalk and Crag of north Group. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or Norfolk and the Waveney Catchment by any means, or stored in a retrieval system of any nature, without the prior permission of the copyright proprietors. All rights are reserved by the copyright E L Ander, P Shand and S Wood proprietors. Disclaimer Contributors The officers, servants or agents of both the British Geological Survey and the Environment Agency accept no liability D Lapworth, S Hannay and S Hickling whatsoever for loss or damage arising from the interpretation or use of the information, or reliance on the views contained herein. Environment Agency Dissemination status Internal: Release to Regions External: Public Domain Project No. SC990024 ©Environment Agency, 2006 Statement of use This document forms one of a series of reports describing the baseline chemistry of selected reference aquifers in England and Wales. Cover illustration Cromer Forest Bed Formation, Crag Group, Kessingland beach, Suffolk. Key words Environment Agency Project Manager: Baseline, Crag, Chalk, Norfolk, Waveney, water quality, hydrogeochemistry, UK aquifer. Dr Sean Burke Science Group: Air, Land & Water Bibliographic Reference Ander, EL, Shand, P and Wood S, 2006. British Geological Survey Project Manager: Baseline Report Series: 21. The Chalk and Crag of north Norfolk and the Dr Paul Shand Waveney Catchment. Groundwater Systems & Water Quality Programme British Geological Survey Commissioned Report No. CR/06/043N ©Environment Agency 2006 Environment Agency Science Group, Solihull 2006 ©NERC 2006 British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham 2006 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ENVIRONMENT AGENCY The full range of Survey publications is available from BGS The Environment Agency is the leading public body protecting and Sales Desk at the Survey headquarters, Keyworth, Nottingham. improving the environment in England and Wales. The more popular maps and books may be purchased from BGS-approved stockists and agents and over the counter at the It's our job to make sure that air, land and water are looked after by Bookshop, Gallert 37, Natural History Museum, (Earth everyone in today's society, so that tomorrow's generations inherit a Galleries), Cromwell Road, London. Sales. Sales Desks are cleaner, healthier world. also located at the BGS London Information Office, and at Murchison House, Edinburgh. The London Information Office Our work includes tackling flooding and pollution incidents, maintains a reference collection of the BGS publications reducing industry's impacts on the environment, cleaning up rivers, including maps for consultation. Some BGS books and reports coastal waters and contaminated land, and improving wildlife may also be obtained from the Stationery Office Publications habitats. Centre or from the Stationery Office bookshops and agents. Environment Agency science reports and other publications are The Survey publishes an annual catalogue of maps, which lists available from the Environment Agency's National Customer published material and contains index maps for several of the Contact Centre by emailing [email protected] BGS series. or by telephoning 08708 506506. The British Geological Survey carries out the geological Environment Agency Science Group: Air, Land & Water survey of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the latter as an Olton Court, 10 Warwick Road, agency service for the government of Northern Ireland), and of Olton, Solihull, B92 7HX the surrounding continental shelf, as well as its basic research Tel 0121708 5885 Fax 0121 708 4637 projects. It also undertakes programmes of British technical Email [email protected] aid in geology in developing countries as arranged by the Department for International Development and other agencies. Environment Agency General Enquiry Line The British Geological Survey is a component body of the 0845 9333 111 Natural Environment Research Council. Environment Agency Regional Offices Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG 0115 936 3100 Telex 378173 BGSKEY G Anglian Fax 0115 936 3200 Kingfisher House, e-mail: [email protected] www.bgs.ac.uk Goldhay Way, Orton Goldhay, Peterborough PE2 5ZR Tel 01733 371811 Fax 01733 231840 Murchison House, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3LA 0131 667 1000 Telex 727343 SEISED G Midlands Fax 0131 668 2683 Sapphire East, 550 Streetsbrook Road, Solihull, West Midlands B91 1QT London Information Office at the Natural History Museum, Tel 0121 711 2324 Fax 0121 711 5824 Earth Galleries, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2DE North East 0207 589 4090 Fax 0207 584 8270 Rivers House, 21 Park Square South, Leeds LS1 2QG 0207 938 9056/57 Tel 0113 244 0191 Fax 0113 246 1889 St Just, 30 Pennsylvania Road, Exeter EX4 6BX North West 01392 278312 Fax 01392 437505 Richard Fairclough House, Knutsford Road, Warrington WA4 1HG Tel 01925 653999 Fax 01925 415961 Geological Survey of Northern Ireland, 20 College Gardens, Belfast BT9 6BS South West 01232 666595 Fax 01232 662835 Manley House, Kestrel Way, Exeter EX2 7LQ Tel 01392 444000 Fax 01392 444238 Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB Southern 01491 838800 Fax 01491 692345 Guildbourne House, Chatsworth Rd, Worthing, Sussex BN11 1LD email: [email protected] Tel 01903 832000 Fax 01903 821832 Parent Body Thames Natural Environment Research Council Kings Meadow House, Kings Meadow Road, Reading RG1 8DQ Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon, Wiltshire Tel 0118 953 5000 Fax 0118 950 0388 SN2 1EU 01793 411500 Telex 444293 ENVRE G Environment Agency Wales Fax 01793 411501 29 Newport Road, Cardiff CF24 0TP Tel 01222 770088 Fax 01222 798555 Contents FOREWORD IV BACKGROUND TO THE BASELINE PROJECT V 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 2. PERSPECTIVE 2 2.1 North Norfolk 2 2.2 The Waveney catchment 5 3. BACKGROUND TO UNDERSTANDING BASELINE QUALITY 7 3.1 Geology 7 3.2 Hydrogeology 12 3.3 Aquifer mineralogy 16 3.4 Rainfall chemistry 18 3.5 Landuse 19 4. DATA AND INTERPRETATION 21 4.1 Project sampling programme 21 4.2 Historical data 22 4.3 Processes affecting the composition of pumped groundwater 22 4.4 Data handling 24 5. HYDROCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS 26 5.1 Introduction 26 5.2 The Chalk Aquifer 26 5.3 The Crag aquifer 33 6. GEOCHEMICAL CONTROLS AND REGIONAL CHARACTERISTICS 40 6.1 Introduction 40 6.2 The Chalk aquifer 40 6.3 The Crag aquifer 54 6.4 Comparison of hydrochemical data from the Waveney piezometer samples 66 7. BASELINE CHEMISTRY OF THE AQUIFERS 69 7.1 Chalk 69 7.2 Crag 70 8. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 71 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 72 REFERENCES 73 i List of Figures Figure 2.1 Location of the north Norfolk and Waveney study areas 3 Figure 2.2 Schematic section through Redgrave and Lopham Fen 5 Figure 3.1 Solid geology of the study areas 8 Figure 3.2 Summary of the East Anglian Crag stratigraphy (Jones et al., 2000). 10 Figure 3.3 Superficial geology of the North Norfolk and Waveney study areas. 11 Figure 3.4 Trace-element concentrations in the Chalk of the Trunch borehole (Bath and Edmunds, 1984) 17 Figure 3.5 Landuse in the study areas 20 Figure 4.1 Pore-water profile of the Trunch borehole (Bath & Edmunds, 1981). The samples marked ‘pumped’ are plotted at an arbitrary depth for comparative purposes only. 24 Figure 5.1 Piper diagram for the North Norfolk and Waveney Chalk groundwaters 28 Figure 5.2 Box-plot of major elements in the Chalk groundwaters 29 Figure 5.3 Cumulative probability plot of major elements in the Chalk groundwaters 29 Figure 5.4 Box-plot of minor and trace elements in the Chalk groundwaters 32 Figure 5.5 Cumulative probability plot of minor and trace elements in the Chalk groundwaters 32 Figure 5.6 Piper diagram for the (a) North Norfolk and (b) Waveney Crag groundwaters 35 Figure 5.7 Boxplot of major elements in the Crag groundwaters 35 Figure 5.8 Cumulative probability plot of major elements in the Crag groundwater 36 Figure 5.9 Boxplot of minor and trace elements in the Crag groundwaters 38 Figure 5.10 Cumulative probability plot of minor and trace elements in the Crag groundwaters 39 Figure 6.1 Comparison of analytes with depth for the chalk aquifer 42 Figure 6.2 Temporal trends in selected AWS bores for Fe and NO3. 43 Figure 6.3 Spatial distribution of analyte concentrations in the Chalk aquifer (a) SEC (b) Ca (c) Mg (d) HCO3 45 Figure 6.4 Spatial distribution of ion concentrations in the Chalk aquifer (a) Si (b) F (c) Sr (d) SO4 46 Figure 6.5 Spatial distribution of selected redox indicators over the Chalk outcrop (a) DO (b) NO3 (c) Fe (d) As 49 Figure 6.6 Redox indicator species 50 Figure 6.7 Chloride ratios compared to seawater dilution 52 Figure 6.8 Stable isotope composition of the Waveney chalk groundwaters 53 Figure 6.9 Comparison of Sr/Ca with δ13C in the Waveney Chalk aquifer 54 Figure 6.10 Comparison of selected determinands with borehole depth for the Waveney Crag
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Norfolk Local Flood Risk Management Strategy
    Appendix A Norfolk Local Flood Risk Management Strategy Consultation Draft March 2015 1 Blank 2 Part One - Flooding and Flood Risk Management Contents PART ONE – FLOODING AND FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT ..................... 5 1. Introduction ..................................................................................... 5 2 What Is Flooding? ........................................................................... 8 3. What is Flood Risk? ...................................................................... 10 4. What are the sources of flooding? ................................................ 13 5. Sources of Local Flood Risk ......................................................... 14 6. Sources of Strategic Flood Risk .................................................... 17 7. Flood Risk Management ............................................................... 19 8. Flood Risk Management Authorities ............................................. 22 PART TWO – FLOOD RISK IN NORFOLK .................................................. 30 9. Flood Risk in Norfolk ..................................................................... 30 Flood Risk in Your Area ................................................................ 39 10. Broadland District .......................................................................... 39 11. Breckland District .......................................................................... 45 12. Great Yarmouth Borough .............................................................. 51 13. Borough of King’s
    [Show full text]
  • Canoe and Kayak Licence Requirements
    Canoe and Kayak Licence Requirements Waterways & Environment Briefing Note On many waterways across the country a licence, day pass or similar is required. It is important all waterways users ensure they stay within the licensing requirements for the waters the use. Waterways licences are a legal requirement, but the funds raised enable navigation authorities to maintain the waterways, improve facilities for paddlers and secure the water environment. We have compiled this guide to give you as much information as possible regarding licensing arrangements around the country. We will endeavour to keep this as up to date as possible, but we always recommend you check the current situation on the waters you paddle. Which waters are covered under the British Canoeing licence agreements? The following waterways are included under British Canoeing’s licensing arrangements with navigation authorities: All Canal & River Trust Waterways - See www.canalrivertrust.org.uk for a list of all waterways managed by Canal & River Trust All Environment Agency managed waterways - Black Sluice Navigation; - River Ancholme; - River Cam (below Bottisham Lock); - River Glen; - River Great Ouse (below Kempston and the flood relief channel between the head sluice lock at Denver and the Tail sluice at Saddlebrow); - River Lark; - River Little Ouse (below Brandon Staunch); - River Medway – below Tonbridge; - River Nene – below Northampton; - River Stour (Suffolk) – below Brundon Mill, Sudbury; - River Thames – Cricklade Bridge to Teddington (including the Jubilee
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing the Chronostratigraphic Fidelity of Sedimentary Geological Outcrops in the Pliocene–Pleistocene Red Crag Formation, Eastern England
    Downloaded from http://jgs.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on September 25, 2021 Research article Journal of the Geological Society Published Online First https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2019-056 Where does the time go? Assessing the chronostratigraphic fidelity of sedimentary geological outcrops in the Pliocene–Pleistocene Red Crag Formation, eastern England Neil S. Davies1*, Anthony P. Shillito1 & William J. McMahon2 1 Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK 2 Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, Utrecht 3584 CB, Netherlands NSD, 0000-0002-0910-8283; APS, 0000-0002-4588-1804 * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: It is widely understood that Earth’s stratigraphic record is an incomplete record of time, but the implications that this has for interpreting sedimentary outcrop have received little attention. Here we consider how time is preserved at outcrop using the Neogene–Quaternary Red Crag Formation, England. The Red Crag Formation hosts sedimentological and ichnological proxies that can be used to assess the time taken to accumulate outcrop expressions of strata, as ancient depositional environments fluctuated between states of deposition, erosion and stasis. We use these to estimate how much time is preserved at outcrop scale and find that every outcrop provides only a vanishingly small window onto unanchored weeks to months within the 600–800 kyr of ‘Crag-time’. Much of the apparently missing time may be accounted for by the parts of the formation at subcrop, rather than outcrop: stratigraphic time has not been lost, but is hidden. The time-completeness of the Red Crag Formation at outcrop appears analogous to that recorded in much older rock units, implying that direct comparison between strata of all ages is valid and that perceived stratigraphic incompleteness is an inconsequential barrier to viewing the outcrop sedimentary-stratigraphic record as a truthful chronicle of Earth history.
    [Show full text]
  • PDF Viewing Archiving 300
    Bull. Soc. belge Géol., Paléont., Hydrol. T. 79 fasc. 2 pp. 167-174 Bruxelles 1970 Bull. Belg. Ver. Geol., Paleont., Hydrol. V. 79 deel 2 blz. 167-174 Brussel 1970 MAMMALS OF THE CRAG AND FOREST BED B. McW1LLIAMs SuMMARY. In the Red and Norwich Crags mastodonts gradually give way to the southern elephant, large caballine horses and deer of the Euctenoceros group become common. Large rodents are represented by Castor, Trogontherium and rarely Hystrix; small forms include species of Mimomys. Carnivores include hyaena, sabre-toothed cat, leopard, polecat, otter, bear, seal and walrus. The Cromer Forest Bed Series had steppe and forest forms of the southern elephant and the mastodont has been lost. Severa! species of giant deer become widespread and among the many rodents are a. number of voles which develop rootless cheek teeth. The mole is common. Warmth indicators include a monkey, and more commonly hippopotamus. Possible indicators of cold include glutton and musk ox. Rhinoceros is widespread, and it is a time of rapid evolution for the elk. Carnivores include hyaena, bear, glutton, polecat, marten, wold and seal. The interpretation of mammalian finds from is represented by bones which resemble the the Crags and Forest Bed is not an easy mole remains but are about twice their size. matter. A proportion of the remains have been derived from eatlier horizons, others are Order Primates discovered loose in modern coastal deposits, and early collectors often kept inadequate The order is represented at this period m records. Owing to the uncertain processes of England by a single record of Macaca sp., the fossilisation or inadequate collecting there are distal end of a teft humerus from a sandy many gaps in our knowledge of the mammal­ horizon of the Cromerian at West Runton, ian faunas of these times.
    [Show full text]
  • PALGRAVE STAR COVER JUBILLEE.Pub
    JUNE 2012 Diamond Jubilee Celebration in Palgrave details inside 4th June Palgrave & District Community Council Registered Charity 269132 SUMMER Flower Show 7th & 8th July Doors open at 2.00pm Palgrave Community Centre Free Admission Tombola Teas served during the afternoon Registered Charity No. 269132 Palgrave Star JUNE 2012 EVENTS AND MEETINGS are at the COMMUNITY CENTRE unless otherwise stated: WHATS ON: REGULAR ACTIVITIES JUNE Every Monday Yoga 10.30am Enquiries to 01379 890995 Every Monday Carpet Bowls 2.00pm Every Monday Progressive Cribbage 7.30pm Alternate Tuesdays Friendship Club Enquiries to 01379 651926 Every Wednesday Extend Enquiries to 01379 643212 ZUMBA Enquires to 6.10pm -7.00pm 01603 462223 First Thursday in month Cash Bingo 7.30pm Every Friday Chun Yuen Quan 9.30am - 10.30am Wild Goose Qigong 10.30am -11.30am Enquiries to 07961 033357 WINNERS of MARCH 200 DRAW 1st Alan Spoors £15.00 2nd Michael Bannigan £7.50 3rd James Thorburn £ 5.00 WINNERS of APRIL 200 DRAW 1st Andy Garrod £15.00 2nd Roy Watkinson £7.50 3rd Michael Bannigan £ 5.00 . Anyone wishing to advertise in the Star please contact Helen Thorburn 01379 651749 [email protected] P A VILLAGE L MARKET G & COFFEE MORNING with Car Boot Sale from 12 noon Car Boots(£5) please arrive from 11.30 am onwards No R need to book A June 30th V 10.00am ~ 2.00pm E Local Crafts & Produce Raffle ~ Refreshments at the COMMUNITY CENTRE Enquiries to [email protected] or Pat 01379 643629 Registered Charity No.269132 Palgrave Star JUNE 2012 PALGRAVE VILLAGE MARKET & COFFEE MORNING With Car Boot from noon Saturday 26th May 10.00am- 2.00pm June will see the fourth Palgrave Village Market on Saturday 30th June 10 – 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Neogene Stratigraphy of the Langenboom Locality (Noord-Brabant, the Netherlands)
    Netherlands Journal of Geosciences — Geologie en Mijnbouw | 87 - 2 | 165 - 180 | 2008 Neogene stratigraphy of the Langenboom locality (Noord-Brabant, the Netherlands) E. Wijnker1'*, T.J. Bor2, F.P. Wesselingh3, D.K. Munsterman4, H. Brinkhiris5, A.W. Burger6, H.B. Vonhof7, K. Post8, K. Hoedemakers9, A.C. Janse10 & N. Taverne11 1 Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Arboretumlaan 4, 6703 BD Wageningen, the Netherlands. 2 Prinsenweer 54, 3363 JK Sliedrecht, the Netherlands. 3 Naturalis, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands. 4 TN0 B&0 - National Geological Survey, P.O. Box 80015, 3508 TA Utrecht, the Netherlands. 5 Palaeocecology, Inst. Environmental Biology, Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, the Netherlands. 6 P. Soutmanlaan 18, 1701 MC Heerhugowaard, the Netherlands. 7 Faculty Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 EH Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 8 Natuurmuseum Rotterdam, P.O. Box 23452, 3001 KL Rotterdam, the Netherlands. 9 Minervastraat 23, B 2640 Mortsel, Belgium. 10 Gerard van Voornestraat 165, 3232 BE Brielle, the Netherlands. 11 Snipweg 14, 5451 VP Mill, the Netherlands. * corresponding author. Email: [email protected] Manuscript received: February 2007; accepted: March 2008 Abstract The locality of Langenboom (eastern Noord-Brabant, the Netherlands), also known as Mill, is famous for its Neogene molluscs, shark teeth, teleost remains, birds and marine mammals. The stratigraphic context of the fossils, which have been collected from sand suppletions, was hitherto poorly understood. Here we report on a section which has been sampled by divers in the adjacent flooded sandpit 'De Kuilen' from which the Langenboom sands have been extracted.
    [Show full text]
  • Broads Water Quality Report: River Thurne 2015
    East Anglia Area (Essex, Norfolk and Suffolk) Broads water quality report: River Thurne 2015 Map showing the location of water quality sampling sites in the River Thurne and Broads. Broads water quality report: River Thurne 2015 Page 1 of 6 Status River: Water quality is good for dissolved oxygen, ammonia and nitrate. Broads: Nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen – including ammonia and nitrate) are not all meeting the national and international standards High nutrient concentrations have a negative effect on the ecology of the broads. Nutrient sources include internal release from sediments, diffuse sources and tidal mixing of water from downstream. It is estimated that 97% of phosphorus in the Upper Thurne Broads and marshes comes from diffuse sources such as agriculture, minor point sources and septic tanks. Ammonia levels fail the water quality standards in Horsey Mere where concentrations are noticeably higher than the other broads in the Thurne. This is because there is an input of ammonia to the broad from the surface drains via Brograve drainage pump. The water in the Thurne river and broads is brackish. This is caused by sea water percolating through the ground close to the coast which is then drawn through drainage pumps into the broads and rivers. Actions The water catchment around the Thurne is designated as a Nitrate Vulnerable Zone. In this zone limits are set on when and how much nitrogen can be applied to agricultural land to reduce the amount of nitrate reaching the rivers and broads. https://www.gov.uk/guidance/nutrient-management-nitrate-vulnerable-zones Following studies done in 2014, the dominant source of ammonia in the Brograve drain is believed to be from agricultural activity.
    [Show full text]
  • Mid Suffolk District Council
    APPENDIX D MID SUFFOLK DISTRICT COUNCIL CONSULTATION LIST FOR LICENSING ACT 2003 & GAMBLING ACT 2005 POLICY REVISIONS 1. All existing premises/club licence holders 2. Debenham Library 3. Elmswell Library 4. Eye Library 5. Needham Market Library 6. Stowmarket Library 7. Stradbroke Library 8. Thurston Library 9. Akenham Parish Meeting 10. Ashbocking Parish Council 11. Ashfield Cum Thorpe Parish Council 12. Bacton Parish Council 13. Badley Parish Meeting 14. Badwell Ash Parish Council 15. Barham Parish Council 16. Barking Parish Council 17. Battisford Parish Council 18. Baylham Parish Meeting 19. Bedfield Parish Council 20. Bedingfield Parish Council 21. Beyton Parish Council 22. Botesdale Parish Council 23. Braiseworth Parish Meeting 24. Bramford Parish Council 25. Brome and Oakley Parish Council 26. Brundish Parish Council 27. Buxhall Parish Council 28. Claydon and Whitton Parish Council 29. Coddenham Parish Council 30. Combs Parish Council 31. Cotton Parish Council 32. Creeting St Mary Parish Council 33. Creeting St Peter Parish Council 34. Crowfield Parish Council 35. Darmsden Parish Meeting 36. Debenham Parish Council 37. Denham Parish Council 38. Drinkstone Parish Council 39. Earl Stonham Parish Council 40. Elmswell Parish Council 41. Eye Town Council 42. Felsham Parish Council 43. Finningham Parish Council 44. Flowton Parish Meeting 45. Framsden Parish Council 46. Fressingfield Parish Council 47. Gedding Parish Meeting 48. Gislingham Parish Council 49. Gosbeck Parish Council 50. Great Ashfield Parish Council 51. Great Blakenham Parish Council 52. Great Bricett Parish Council 53. Great Finborough Parish Council 54. Harleston Parish Meeting 55. Haughley Parish Council 56. Helmingham Parish Council 57. Hemingstone Parish Council 58. Henley Parish Council 59.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Climate and Hydrography of the Coralline Crag (Early Pliocene, UK): Isotopic Evidence from 16 Benthic Invertebrate Taxa
    Marine climate and hydrography of the Coralline Crag (early Pliocene, UK): isotopic evidence from 16 benthic invertebrate taxa. Item Type Article; Research Report Authors Vignols, Rebecca M.; Valentine, Annemarie M.; Finlayson, Alana G.; Harper, Elizabeth M.; Schöne, Bernd R.; Leng, Melanie J.; Sloane, Hilary J.; Johnson, Andrew L. A. Citation Bradshaw, J. et al. (2018). Marine climate and hydrography of the Coralline Crag (early Pliocene, UK): isotopic evidence from 16 benthic invertebrate taxa. Available at: https:// www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009254118302717? via%3Dihub (Accessed: 22 Jan 2019). DOI: 10.1016/ j.chemgeo.2018.05.034 DOI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.05.034 Publisher Elsevier Journal Chemical Geology Rights Archived with thanks to Chemical Geology Download date 06/10/2021 07:06:31 Item License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10545/623343 Chemical Geology xxx (xxxx) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Chemical Geology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chemgeo Marine climate and hydrography of the Coralline Crag (early Pliocene, UK): isotopic evidence from 16 benthic invertebrate taxa Rebecca M. Vignolsa,1, Annemarie M. Valentineb,2, Alana G. Finlaysona,3, Elizabeth M. Harpera, ⁎ Bernd R. Schönec, Melanie J. Lengd, Hilary J. Sloaned, Andrew L.A. Johnsonb, a Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK b School of Environmental Science, University of Derby, Kedleston Road, Derby DE22 1GB, UK
    [Show full text]
  • The Sedimentology and Palaeoecology of the Westleton Member of the Norwich Crag Formation (Early Pleistocene) at Thorington, Suffolk, England
    Geol. Mag. 136 (4), 1999, pp. 453–464. Printed in the United Kingdom © 1999 Cambridge University Press 453 The sedimentology and palaeoecology of the Westleton Member of the Norwich Crag Formation (Early Pleistocene) at Thorington, Suffolk, England A.E. RICHARDS*, P.L. GIBBARD & M. E. PETTIT *School of Geography, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, KT1 2EE, UK Godwin Institute of Quaternary Research, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge CB2 3EN, UK (Received 28 September 1998; accepted 29 March 1999) Abstract – Extensive sections in the Thorington gravel quarry complex in eastern Suffolk include the most complete record to date of sedimentary environments of the Westleton Beds Member of the Norwich Crag Formation. New palaeoecological and palaeomagnetic evidence is presented, which confirms that the Member was deposited at or near a gravelly shoreline of the Crag Sea as sea level fluctuated during a climatic ameloriation within or at the end of the Baventian/ pre-Pastonian ‘a’ Stage (Tiglian C4c Substage). 1. Introduction 2. Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene deposits in Suffolk The gravel quarry complex at Thorington (TM 423 728) is situated 8 km west of Southwold in northern A stratigraphical table, comparing British nomencla- Suffolk (Fig. 1). This paper will present details of ture with that of the Netherlands, is given in Table 1. observations in the quarry during the period from The earliest Pleistocene deposits that occur in June 1994 to September 1997, which provide signifi- northern Suffolk are the East Anglian Crags, which cant biostratigraphical and sedimentological evidence were deposited at the margins of the southern North for depositional environments associated with the Sea Basin.
    [Show full text]
  • Thorndon, Eye | Suffolk | IP23 7JF
    “Your Corner Of The Countryside” Thorndon, Eye | Suffolk | IP23 7JF Step inside ***NO ONWARD CHAIN*** this is your just a short hop from everything you need. A chance to own a period property with abundant network of marked paths link with the Mid- charm and welcoming feel in the glorious Suffolk Suffolk Footpath Trail providing many routes for countryside.This delightful character cottage walking. The rolling countryside and quiet having been significantly extended and improved country lanes being excellent for cycling and over a number of years provides deceptively horse riding. The cottage, dating back to the spacious and versatile accommodation in a early 20th century was built to house local farm beautiful rural location within a village community, labourers. Originally constructed as two yet surround by paddocks and fields, dwellings it was converted and extended in the 1960s into one property. The main two-storey • Lovely detached cottage extension was added in the 1980’s. Continued • Two fine spacious reception rooms improvements and refurbishments, including • Farmhouse Kitchen installation of new heating system and • Cloakroom/Utility Room replacement windows, have been carried out by • Four double bedrooms the present owner. • Family bathroom and additional cloakroom • Cottage Gardens Moving with the times • Shingled off road parking The cottage has been the home of the present • Rural position with great farmland views owner for the last 20 years who sought a slice of rural paradise while at the same time wanting to The property, set on edge of the thriving village be close to everything and commutable for of Thorndon, served by a local bus company, work.
    [Show full text]
  • North Sea Geology
    Technical Report TR_008 Technical report produced for Strategic Environmental Assessment – SEA2 NORTH SEA GEOLOGY Produced by BGS, August 2001 © Crown copyright TR_008.doc Strategic Environmental Assessment - SEA2 Technical Report 008 - Geology NORTH SEA GEOLOGY Contributors: Text: Peter Balson, Andrew Butcher, Richard Holmes, Howard Johnson, Melinda Lewis, Roger Musson Drafting: Paul Henni, Sheila Jones, Paul Leppage, Jim Rayner, Graham Tuggey British Geological Survey CONTENTS Summary...............................................................................................................................3 1. Geological history and petroleum geology including specific SEA2 areas ......................5 1.1 Northern and central North Sea...............................................................................5 1.1.1 Geological history ........................................................................................5 1.1.1.1 Palaeozoic ....................................................................................5 1.1.1.2 Mesozoic ......................................................................................5 1.1.1.3 Cenozoic.......................................................................................8 1.1.2 Petroleum geology.......................................................................................9 1.1.3 Petroleum geology of SEA2 Area 3 .............................................................9 1.2 Southern North Sea...............................................................................................10
    [Show full text]