InnovativeInnovative SourcesSources && DistributionDistribution MethodsMethods forfor GeospatialGeospatial DataData

Tyler A. Erickson, Ph.D. Research Scientist Michigan Tech Research Institute (MTRI) Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

ASPRS-EGLR Autumn Meeting Dundee, Michigan October 17, 2008 OutlineOutline

Motivation Geospatial Data Systems Non-traditional Data Sources Future Trends

2 Spatio-TemporalSpatio-Temporal DataData

Observations of environmental state – Measurement of a parameter for a particular space and time

Image source: The National Academies

Image source: NASA 3 GeospatialGeospatial DataData SystemsSystems

Allows users to understand large volumes of data distributed in space and time Enabled by multi-component geospatial data systems that bring together the strengths of database technology (large data storage) and geospatial technologies

Goals: “Provide users secure access to all necessary data and analysis tools, without requiring expensive local copies of datasets, servers, and software.”

4 ““aa lala carte”carte” ApproachApproach

Build your system out of multiple components Client – expandable, maintainable Application Desirable Characteristics – Performs a specific function well – Plays well with others GeoSpatial (i.e. communicates using international open Server standards) – Access to source code – Provides a mechanism for getting support when you need it Data – Inexpensive (free!) Storage

5 Three-tierThree-tier GeospatialGeospatial DataData SystemSystem

Client Client App Client App Client App Applications 1 2 3

Geospatial Spatial Server Spatial Server OGC Servers 1 2 Services

Data Spatial Image Storage Database Files ?

6 ExampleExample ComponentsComponents

NASA WorldWind ERDAS Database Query Tool Client Applications Web Browser ArcMap

Geospatial MapServer GeoServer ArcGIS Server Servers Image Web Server WMS

WFS

Data Proprietary PostgreSQL Raster data files Storage Data Sources PostGIS (imagery)

7 SystemSystem Component:Component: VisualizationVisualization ClientClient

Functions – presents the formatted geographic to the user Client Application – allows the user to interact with the data Examples – Browser based GeoSpatial • HTML / Javascript Server – , Yahoo Maps, OpenLayers • Flash – Poly9 Free Earth, Flash Earth • ActiveX (Internet Explorer Only!) Data – Microsoft Virtual Earth Storage – Desktop Applications • Google Earth • NASA WorldWind • ESRI ArcExplorer

8 GoogleGoogle EarthEarth

3-D geo-browser easy to use User Interface rich reference imagery layer limited support for temporal data (KML) for describing custom features, imagery, and 3-D models communication with external data sources via 'Network Links'

9 GeospatialGeospatial ContextContext

10 GeospatialGeospatial ContextContext

11 OpenLayersOpenLayers

What it is... – pure-Javascript, smooth-scrolling client-side library for embedding live maps into web pages Integrates multiple sources – GoogleMaps, YahooMaps, Virtual Earth, any WMS Details – Maintainer: Metacarta Labs – Web Site: http://www.openlayers.org/ – Implementation Language: JavaScript – Source License: BSD – Demo: http://www.openlayers.org/gallery/multiple.html

12 SystemSystem Component:Component: GeospatialGeospatial ServerServer

Function Client – Aggregate and filter data from a variety of sources Application – Symbolize the data – Convert the data to formats understandable by clients GeoSpatial Examples Server – ESRI ArcIMS Server (proprietary, vector/raster server) – ESRI ArcGIS Server (proprietary, vector/raster server) – MapServer (open source, C, vector/raster server) – GeoServer (open source, java, vector/raster server) Data Storage – FeatureServer (open source, python, vector server) – ERDAS Image Web Server (proprietary, raster server) – Tile Servers (serves pre-rendered tiles)

13 GeoServerGeoServer

What it does – It is the “plumbing” infrastructure that connects multiple data storage to multiple clients applications. – Works with both open standards and popular proprietary standards for data storage and data transfer. Compare to – ArcGIS Server (server side) Details – Maintainer: The Open Planning Project (http://www.openplans.org) – Web Site: http://geoserver.org/ – Implementation Language: Java – Source License: GPL – Demo: http://sigma.openplans.org/

14 SystemSystem Component:Component: DataData StorageStorage

Function – stores attribute, geometry and projection information Client Application – implements spatial functions (i.e. intersect, buffer) Examples – ESRI ArcSDE + relational database GeoSpatial • proprietary + proprietary, limited spatial functions Server – Oracle Spatial • proprietary, rich set of spatial functions – MySQL • open source, basic geometry storage Data – PostGIS Storage • open source extension to the PostgreSQL database • implements OGC spatial functions – Image Files • GeoTiff, ECW, MrSID

15 PostGISPostGIS ++ PostgreSQLPostgreSQL

Compare to: – ESRI ArcSDE + SQLServer (or other RDBMS) – Oracle Spatial Composed of: – PostgreSQL (OS relational database) – PostGIS (OS spatial extension) Spatially-enabled relational database Details – Maintainer: Refractions Research Inc – Web Site: http://postgis.refractions.net – Implementation Language: C – Source License: GPL

Source: FOSS4G presentation http://www.foss4g2007.org/presentations/view.php?abstract_id=113 16 OGCOGC WebWeb ServiceService StandardsStandards

Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) – non-profit, international, voluntary consensus standards organization for geospatial and location based services Why standards are important... – define the 'languages' by which components communicate – reduce 'vender lock-in' OGC Web Service Standards for Data Transfer – Service (WMS) - image data – (WFS) - feature data – (WCS) - multi-dimensional raster data – Keyhole Markup Language (KML) - annotation and visualization • OGC candidate standard

17 Example:Example: AnimalAnimal TrackingTracking

Google Earth

Image source: The National Academies

Google Custom Imagery KML

18 Example:Example: WMSWMS OverlaysOverlays

Custom imagery and 3-D models can be integrated into the visualizations – Load your own imagery, on-the-fly Google Earth

WMS

GeoServer

GeoTIFF imagery

Google PostgreSQL Imagery PostGIS

movie: 3_external_image_overlay.avi 19 Example:Example: WMSWMS OverlaysOverlays

Your own raster datasets can be displayed over the default reference imagery using Web Mapping Service (WMS) overlays Google Earth

WMS

GeoServer

Google GeoTiff Imagery Imagery

20 Example:Example: TemporalTemporal DataData VisualizationVisualization

Temporal features can be queried with time-aware visualization tools Google Earth

GeoServer

Google PostgreSQL Imagery PostGIS

4_time_series_visualization.avi 21 Example:Example: MichiganViewMichiganView ConsortiumConsortium

Purpose: to promote the use of remote sensing technology in Michigan by supporting research, education, workforce development, and technology transfer Composed of: – academic, – non-profit, and – government organizations Data Distribution: – LANDSAT – NAIP http://michiganview.org

22 Example:Example: MichiganView.orgMichiganView.org

Provides access to freely downloadable Landsat datasets through a Google Earth browser

23 Example:Example: MDOTMDOT AssetAsset ManagementManagement ToolTool

Series of customized functionalities developed in ArcGIS Developed for the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) Tool based on the use of various imagery sets for interpretation to identify transportation assets in the field.

24 ConnectionConnection toto ImageryImagery

Remote Image Web Server utilized to stream imagery into ArcGIS for image interpretation and asset identification.

ArcIMS Image Services

Image Web Server

ArcObjects Programming Digital Raster Graphics ArcGIS National Agriculture Imagery Program Michigan Imagery Partnership Tool interface Regional & State Imagery ArcCatalog Landsat development libraries National Land Cover Data for IMS service connections.

25 ToolTool InterfaceInterface –– ImageryImagery (ArcIMS(ArcIMS ImageImage Service)Service)

26 Example:Example: OverlayOverlay ofof StaticStatic DatafilesDatafiles

External datasets can be symbolized and visualized as Google Earth layers – Display “road furniture” asset management data

Google Earth

Google Custom Imagery KML

27 OtherOther 'Open''Open' OutputOutput FormatsFormats

Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) Geographically Encoded RSS Feeds (GeoRSS) Portable Document Format (PDF) Interactive HTML/Javascript Web Maps (OpenLayers)

28 OutlineOutline

Motivation Geospatial Data Systems Non-traditional Data Sources Future Trends

29 OpenOpen GeoDataGeoData

Community-generated, freely-distributable geospatial datasets that can be utilized as reference datasets Data without licensing restrictions Data reliability is a key issue – December 2007 UCSB workshop on “Volunteered Geographic Information” Examples – Open Street Map (http://openstreetmap.org) • International database of street data generated from open datasources and GPS-enabled volunteers – Open Aerial Map (http://openaerialmap.org) • International basemap of imagery generated from open datasources and community georeferenced images

30 OpenOpen StreetStreet MapMap

31 FeatureFeature ExtractionExtraction fromfrom Yahoo!Yahoo! TilesTiles

32 OpenStreetMapOpenStreetMap (circa(circa 10/10/2008)10/10/2008)

33 OpenStreetMapOpenStreetMap (circa(circa 10/16/2008)10/16/2008)

34 OpenStreetMapOpenStreetMap -- CycleCycle MapMap

35 OpenAerialMapOpenAerialMap

36 OpenAerialMapOpenAerialMap -- SanSan DiegoDiego WildfiresWildfires

37 OpenAerialMapOpenAerialMap -- ExampleExample

38 OpenAerialMapOpenAerialMap -- ExampleExample

39 DIYDIY DronesDrones

40 Pict'EarthPict'Earth

41 OutlineOutline

Motivation Geospatial Data Systems Non-traditional Data Sources Future Trends

42 CommunityCommunity DatasetsDatasets

Browser-based multi-user editing of vector features derived from remote sensing

MODIS-based fire perimeter records edited within in a Django website

43 CommunityCommunity DatasetsDatasets

Transportation layers edited in the OSM Potlatch website

44 Geo-WikisGeo-Wikis

Think “Wikipedia for geometric objects” Facilities 'versioned' geometry

45 RemoteRemote ProcessingProcessing

Processing geospatial data on remote servers Enabling Technologies − OGC Web Processing Protocol (WPS) − REST interfaces

DEMO: http://crschmidt.net/mapping/wpserverdemo/

46 WhoWho CaresCares aboutabout TemporalTemporal Information?Information?

Bureau of Land Management US Environmental Protection Ever heard of global warming? Agency (a.k.a. temporal trend of average annual temperature aggregated US Geological Survey over the earth's surface) US Fish & Wildlife Service Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA-NRCS) NASA US Army Corps of Engineers DARPA

Image source: Google Trends

47 Example:Example: WaterWater QualityQuality SamplingSampling DataData

Google Earth

GeoServer

Google PostGIS Imagery

48 OtherOther RelatedRelated TopicsTopics

GIS vs. “Neogeography” – mashups Proprietary vs. Open-Source Software – cost – stability – functionality – user customization – support

49 DemosDemos

Demos...

MichiganView OpenAerialMap GeoServer

50 Questions/CommentsQuestions/Comments

MTRI Specialties – Remote Sensing Technology Research – Sensor Design – Geospatial Information System Design – Biomedical Sensing – Signal Processing Tyler A. Erickson, Ph.D. Michigan Tech Research Institute [email protected] http://www.mtri.org http://michiganview.org

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