InnovativeInnovative SourcesSources && DistributionDistribution MethodsMethods forfor GeospatialGeospatial DataData
Tyler A. Erickson, Ph.D. Research Scientist Michigan Tech Research Institute (MTRI) Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
ASPRS-EGLR Autumn Meeting Dundee, Michigan October 17, 2008 OutlineOutline
Motivation Geospatial Data Systems Non-traditional Data Sources Future Trends
2 Spatio-TemporalSpatio-Temporal DataData
Observations of environmental state – Measurement of a parameter for a particular space and time
Image source: The National Academies
Image source: NASA 3 GeospatialGeospatial DataData SystemsSystems
Allows users to understand large volumes of data distributed in space and time Enabled by multi-component geospatial data systems that bring together the strengths of database technology (large data storage) and geospatial technologies
Goals: “Provide users secure access to all necessary data and analysis tools, without requiring expensive local copies of datasets, servers, and software.”
4 ““aa lala carte”carte” ApproachApproach
Build your system out of multiple components Client – expandable, maintainable Application Desirable Characteristics – Performs a specific function well – Plays well with others GeoSpatial (i.e. communicates using international open Server standards) – Access to source code – Provides a mechanism for getting support when you need it Data – Inexpensive (free!) Storage
5 Three-tierThree-tier GeospatialGeospatial DataData SystemSystem
Client Client App Client App Client App Applications 1 2 3
Geospatial Spatial Server Spatial Server OGC Servers 1 2 Services
Data Spatial Image Storage Database Files ?
6 ExampleExample ComponentsComponents
NASA WorldWind ERDAS Database Query Tool Client Applications Google Earth Web Browser ArcMap
Geospatial MapServer GeoServer ArcGIS Server Servers Image Web Server WMS
WFS
Data Proprietary PostgreSQL Raster data files Storage Data Sources PostGIS (imagery)
7 SystemSystem Component:Component: VisualizationVisualization ClientClient
Functions – presents the formatted geographic to the user Client Application – allows the user to interact with the data Examples – Browser based GeoSpatial • HTML / Javascript Server – Google Maps, Yahoo Maps, OpenLayers • Flash – Poly9 Free Earth, Flash Earth • ActiveX (Internet Explorer Only!) Data – Microsoft Virtual Earth Storage – Desktop Applications • Google Earth • NASA WorldWind • ESRI ArcExplorer
8 GoogleGoogle EarthEarth
3-D geo-browser easy to use User Interface rich reference imagery layer limited support for temporal data Keyhole Markup Language (KML) for describing custom features, imagery, and 3-D models communication with external data sources via 'Network Links'
9 GeospatialGeospatial ContextContext
10 GeospatialGeospatial ContextContext
11 OpenLayersOpenLayers
What it is... – pure-Javascript, smooth-scrolling client-side library for embedding live maps into web pages Integrates multiple sources – GoogleMaps, YahooMaps, Virtual Earth, any WMS Details – Maintainer: Metacarta Labs – Web Site: http://www.openlayers.org/ – Implementation Language: JavaScript – Source License: BSD – Demo: http://www.openlayers.org/gallery/multiple.html
12 SystemSystem Component:Component: GeospatialGeospatial ServerServer
Function Client – Aggregate and filter data from a variety of sources Application – Symbolize the data – Convert the data to formats understandable by clients GeoSpatial Examples Server – ESRI ArcIMS Server (proprietary, vector/raster server) – ESRI ArcGIS Server (proprietary, vector/raster server) – MapServer (open source, C, vector/raster server) – GeoServer (open source, java, vector/raster server) Data Storage – FeatureServer (open source, python, vector server) – ERDAS Image Web Server (proprietary, raster server) – Tile Servers (serves pre-rendered tiles)
13 GeoServerGeoServer
What it does – It is the “plumbing” infrastructure that connects multiple data storage to multiple clients applications. – Works with both open standards and popular proprietary standards for data storage and data transfer. Compare to – ArcGIS Server (server side) Details – Maintainer: The Open Planning Project (http://www.openplans.org) – Web Site: http://geoserver.org/ – Implementation Language: Java – Source License: GPL – Demo: http://sigma.openplans.org/
14 SystemSystem Component:Component: DataData StorageStorage
Function – stores attribute, geometry and projection information Client Application – implements spatial functions (i.e. intersect, buffer) Examples – ESRI ArcSDE + relational database GeoSpatial • proprietary + proprietary, limited spatial functions Server – Oracle Spatial • proprietary, rich set of spatial functions – MySQL • open source, basic geometry storage Data – PostGIS Storage • open source extension to the PostgreSQL database • implements OGC spatial functions – Image Files • GeoTiff, ECW, MrSID
15 PostGISPostGIS ++ PostgreSQLPostgreSQL
Compare to: – ESRI ArcSDE + SQLServer (or other RDBMS) – Oracle Spatial Composed of: – PostgreSQL (OS relational database) – PostGIS (OS spatial extension) Spatially-enabled relational database Details – Maintainer: Refractions Research Inc – Web Site: http://postgis.refractions.net – Implementation Language: C – Source License: GPL
Source: FOSS4G presentation http://www.foss4g2007.org/presentations/view.php?abstract_id=113 16 OGCOGC WebWeb ServiceService StandardsStandards
Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) – non-profit, international, voluntary consensus standards organization for geospatial and location based services Why standards are important... – define the 'languages' by which components communicate – reduce 'vender lock-in' OGC Web Service Standards for Data Transfer – Web Mapping Service (WMS) - image data – Web Feature Service (WFS) - feature data – Web Coverage Service (WCS) - multi-dimensional raster data – Keyhole Markup Language (KML) - annotation and visualization • OGC candidate standard
17 Example:Example: AnimalAnimal TrackingTracking
Google Earth
Image source: The National Academies
Google Custom Imagery KML
18 Example:Example: WMSWMS OverlaysOverlays
Custom imagery and 3-D models can be integrated into the visualizations – Load your own imagery, on-the-fly Google Earth
WMS
GeoServer
GeoTIFF imagery
Google PostgreSQL Imagery PostGIS
movie: 3_external_image_overlay.avi 19 Example:Example: WMSWMS OverlaysOverlays
Your own raster datasets can be displayed over the default reference imagery using Web Mapping Service (WMS) overlays Google Earth
WMS
GeoServer
Google GeoTiff Imagery Imagery
20 Example:Example: TemporalTemporal DataData VisualizationVisualization
Temporal features can be queried with time-aware visualization tools Google Earth
GeoServer
Google PostgreSQL Imagery PostGIS
4_time_series_visualization.avi 21 Example:Example: MichiganViewMichiganView ConsortiumConsortium
Purpose: to promote the use of remote sensing technology in Michigan by supporting research, education, workforce development, and technology transfer Composed of: – academic, – non-profit, and – government organizations Data Distribution: – LANDSAT – NAIP http://michiganview.org
22 Example:Example: MichiganView.orgMichiganView.org
Provides access to freely downloadable Landsat datasets through a Google Earth browser
23 Example:Example: MDOTMDOT AssetAsset ManagementManagement ToolTool
Series of customized functionalities developed in ArcGIS Developed for the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) Tool based on the use of various imagery sets for interpretation to identify transportation assets in the field.
24 ConnectionConnection toto ImageryImagery
Remote Image Web Server utilized to stream imagery into ArcGIS for image interpretation and asset identification.
ArcIMS Image Services
Image Web Server
ArcObjects Programming Digital Raster Graphics ArcGIS National Agriculture Imagery Program Michigan Imagery Partnership Tool interface Regional & State Imagery ArcCatalog Landsat development libraries National Land Cover Data for IMS service connections.
25 ToolTool InterfaceInterface –– ImageryImagery (ArcIMS(ArcIMS ImageImage Service)Service)
26 Example:Example: OverlayOverlay ofof StaticStatic DatafilesDatafiles
External datasets can be symbolized and visualized as Google Earth layers – Display “road furniture” asset management data
Google Earth
Google Custom Imagery KML
27 OtherOther 'Open''Open' OutputOutput FormatsFormats
Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) Geographically Encoded RSS Feeds (GeoRSS) Portable Document Format (PDF) Interactive HTML/Javascript Web Maps (OpenLayers)
28 OutlineOutline
Motivation Geospatial Data Systems Non-traditional Data Sources Future Trends
29 OpenOpen GeoDataGeoData
Community-generated, freely-distributable geospatial datasets that can be utilized as reference datasets Data without licensing restrictions Data reliability is a key issue – December 2007 UCSB workshop on “Volunteered Geographic Information” Examples – Open Street Map (http://openstreetmap.org) • International database of street data generated from open datasources and GPS-enabled volunteers – Open Aerial Map (http://openaerialmap.org) • International basemap of imagery generated from open datasources and community georeferenced images
30 OpenOpen StreetStreet MapMap
31 FeatureFeature ExtractionExtraction fromfrom Yahoo!Yahoo! TilesTiles
32 OpenStreetMapOpenStreetMap (circa(circa 10/10/2008)10/10/2008)
33 OpenStreetMapOpenStreetMap (circa(circa 10/16/2008)10/16/2008)
34 OpenStreetMapOpenStreetMap -- CycleCycle MapMap
35 OpenAerialMapOpenAerialMap
36 OpenAerialMapOpenAerialMap -- SanSan DiegoDiego WildfiresWildfires
37 OpenAerialMapOpenAerialMap -- ExampleExample
38 OpenAerialMapOpenAerialMap -- ExampleExample
39 DIYDIY DronesDrones
40 Pict'EarthPict'Earth
41 OutlineOutline
Motivation Geospatial Data Systems Non-traditional Data Sources Future Trends
42 CommunityCommunity DatasetsDatasets
Browser-based multi-user editing of vector features derived from remote sensing
MODIS-based fire perimeter records edited within in a Django website
43 CommunityCommunity DatasetsDatasets
Transportation layers edited in the OSM Potlatch website
44 Geo-WikisGeo-Wikis
Think “Wikipedia for geometric objects” Facilities 'versioned' geometry
45 RemoteRemote ProcessingProcessing
Processing geospatial data on remote servers Enabling Technologies − OGC Web Processing Protocol (WPS) − REST interfaces
DEMO: http://crschmidt.net/mapping/wpserverdemo/
46 WhoWho CaresCares aboutabout TemporalTemporal Information?Information?
Bureau of Land Management US Environmental Protection Ever heard of global warming? Agency (a.k.a. temporal trend of average annual temperature aggregated US Geological Survey over the earth's surface) US Fish & Wildlife Service Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA-NRCS) NASA US Army Corps of Engineers DARPA
Image source: Google Trends
47 Example:Example: WaterWater QualityQuality SamplingSampling DataData
Google Earth
GeoServer
Google PostGIS Imagery
48 OtherOther RelatedRelated TopicsTopics
GIS vs. “Neogeography” – mashups Proprietary vs. Open-Source Software – cost – stability – functionality – user customization – support
49 DemosDemos
Demos...
MichiganView OpenAerialMap GeoServer
50 Questions/CommentsQuestions/Comments
MTRI Specialties – Remote Sensing Technology Research – Sensor Design – Geospatial Information System Design – Biomedical Sensing – Signal Processing Tyler A. Erickson, Ph.D. Michigan Tech Research Institute [email protected] http://www.mtri.org http://michiganview.org
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