Orchard Cottage Dorsington Road Long Marston Archaeological Watching Brief

for Avonmore Associates

CA Project: 4156 CA Report: 13033

February 2013

Orchard Cottage Dorsington Road Long Marston Warwickshire

Archaeological Watching Brief

CA Project: 4156 CA Report: 13033

prepared by Sian Reynish, Project Supervisor

date 15 February 2013

checked by Richard Young, Project Manager

date 22 February 2013

approved by Mark Collard, Head of Contacts

signed

date 28 February 2013

issue 01

This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission.

© Cotswold Archaeology

Cirencester Milton Keynes Andover Building 11 Unit 4 Office 49 Kemble Enterprise Park Cromwell Business Centre Basepoint Business Centre Kemble, Cirencester Howard Way, Newport Pagnell Caxton Close, Andover , GL7 6BQ MK16 9QS Hampshire, SP10 3FG t. 01285 771022 t. 01908 218320 t. 01264 326549 f. 01285 771033 e. [email protected] © Cotswold Archaeology Orchard Cottage, Long Marston, Warwickshire: Written Scheme of Investigation for Archaeological Watching Brief

CONTENTS

SUMMARY ...... 2

1. INTRODUCTION ...... 3

The site ...... 3 Archaeological background ...... 4 Archaeological objectives ...... 5 Methodology ...... 5

2. RESULTS (FIGS 2-3) ...... 5

3. DISCUSSION ...... 6

4. CA PROJECT TEAM ...... 6

5. REFERENCES ...... 6

APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS ...... 7

APPENDIX B: THE FINDS ...... 8

APPENDIX E: OASIS REPORT FORM ...... 9

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. 1 Site location plan (1:25,000) Fig. 2 The site, showing location of groundworks (1:1000) Fig. 3 Orchard Cottage, ground floor plan, showing location of groundworks (1:125) Fig. 4 Foundation trenches, looking north-east Fig. 5 Typical section of foundation trench (scale 1m)

1 © Cotswold Archaeology Orchard Cottage, Long Marston, Warwickshire: Written Scheme of Investigation for Archaeological Watching Brief

SUMMARY

Project Name: Orchard Cottage Location: Dorsington Road, Long Marston, Warwickshire NGR: SP 1526 4822 Type: Watching Brief Date: 21 January 2013 Planning Reference: 11/00826/FUL Location of Archive: To be deposited with Museum Site Code: OCD 13

An archaeological watching brief was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology during groundworks associated with the construction of a two-storey side extension and front extension to the existing Orchard Cottage, Dorsington Road, Long Marston, Warwickshire.

No features or deposits of archaeological interest were observed during groundworks, and no artefactual material pre-dating the modern period was recovered.

2 © Cotswold Archaeology Orchard Cottage, Long Marston, Warwickshire: Written Scheme of Investigation for Archaeological Watching Brief

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 In January 2013 Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out an archaeological watching brief at the request of Avonmore Associates at Orchard Cottage, Dorsington Road, Long Marston, Warwickshire (centred at NGR: SP 1526 4822; Fig. 1). The watching brief was undertaken to fulfil a condition attached to a planning consent granted by Stratford on Avon District Council (SDC) for a two-storey side extension and front extension to the existing Orchard Cottage (Planning ref: 11/00826/FUL). The objective of the watching brief was to record all archaeological remains exposed during the development.

1.2 The watching brief was carried out in accordance with a brief issued by Anna Stocks, Planning Archaeologist for Warwickshire County Council (WCC), the archaeological advisor to SDC (ref. AS/soa/S11_00826.2). The fieldwork also followed subsequent detailed Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) produced by CA (2012) and approved by the SDC acting on the advice of Anna Stocks, the Standard and Guidance for an archaeological watching brief (IfA 2008), the Management of Archaeological Projects 2 (English Heritage 1991), the Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment (MORPHE): Project Manager’s Guide (English Heritage 2006).

The site

1.3 The proposed development area encloses an area of approximately 0.1ha, and comprises Orchard Cottage and associated driveway and land. The site is bounded to the north by a residential property and garden, to the east and west by open fields and to the south by Dorsington Road (Fig. 2). The site lies at approximately 42m AOD.

1.4 The underlying solid geology of the area is mapped as Blue Lias formation and undifferentiated Charmouth Mudstone of the Upper Triassic to Lower Jurassic periods (BGS 2011). A mid greyish yellow clay was observed within all of the groundworks.

3 © Cotswold Archaeology Orchard Cottage, Long Marston, Warwickshire: Written Scheme of Investigation for Archaeological Watching Brief

Archaeological background

1.5 The proposed development site has the potential to contain significant archaeological remains associated with the medieval settlement at Long Marston (Warwickshire Historic Environment Record MWA 6459). There is potential that the proposed development will impact upon structural remains, boundary features and rubbish pits associated with medieval and later occupation of this area.

1.6 The Warwickshire Historic Environment Record includes the following entries within 500m of the site:

 A number of archaeological observations (watching briefs) were undertaken in Long Marston. A group of shallow gullies and pits of uncertain date, but thought to be associated with medieval agriculture were found during archaeological work in Wyre Lane, Long Marston, some 500m to the north-east f the site (HER No. MWA 8713). Archaeological recording ahead of gas pipe laying to the east of Long Marston revealed evidence for Roman occupation including a probable ditch and pit. Roman pottery was also recovered from the topsoil (HER No. MWA

9139).

 A single find spot was recorded in Long Marston, a gold seal ring bearing the arms of the Keck family and dating from James I's reign i.e. 1603-25 (HER No. MWA1818).

 There are a number of Listed buildings located throughout Long Marston. The most notable buildings within the immediate vicinity of the development area are: The medieval Church of St James (SMR No. MWA1823) and Kings Lodge (SMR No. MWA7558), a stone built house of post-medieval date that was partially rebuilt in brick or rendered in the 19th century. Charles II is believed to have stayed here overnight during his retreat from the Battle of Worcester (1651).

1.7 A simple historic map regression indicates that by 1884, Orchard Cottage stood within a large field containing planted trees. By 1923 the process of subdivision of the field had begun and by 1955 the southern area of the field in which the development area lies was being utilised as a commercial nursery (Old Maps 2011).

4 © Cotswold Archaeology Orchard Cottage, Long Marston, Warwickshire: Written Scheme of Investigation for Archaeological Watching Brief

Archaeological objectives

1.8 The objectives of the archaeological works were:  to monitor groundworks, and to identify, investigate and record all significant buried archaeological deposits revealed on the site during the course of the development groundworks;  at the conclusion of the project, to produce an integrated archive for the project work and a report setting out the results of the project and the archaeological conclusions that can be drawn from the recorded data.

Methodology

1.9 The fieldwork followed the methodology set out within the WSI (2012). An archaeologist was present during intrusive groundworks comprising the excavation of foundation trenches outside the building, nominally 1m in depth, and areas of ground reduction within the building, nominally 0.5m in depth (Fig. 2).

1.10 Written, graphic and photographic records were compiled in accordance with CA Technical Manual 1: Fieldwork Recording Manual (2007).

1.11 The archive and artefacts from the evaluation are currently held by CA at their offices in Kemble. The site archive will be deposited with Warwick Museum, the artefacts will not be retained. A summary of information from this project, set out within Appendix C, will be entered onto the OASIS online database of archaeological projects in Britain.

2. RESULTS (FIGS 2-3)

2.1 The natural geological substrate; 102, 202 and 302 consisting of a mid greyish yellow clay was revealed at an average depth of 0.3m below present ground level (bpgl). This was overlain by a mixed make-up layer comprising a light yellowish brown clay with charcoal flecks, pebbles and limestone fragments; 101, 201 and 301 averaging 0.2m in thickness. A single sherd of 18th-century Staffordshire slipware was recovered from deposit 101 layer. The mixed make-up layer was in turn sealed by 0.3m of a dark brown silty clay topsoil outside the building and 0.1m of a modern concrete floor inside the building.

5 © Cotswold Archaeology Orchard Cottage, Long Marston, Warwickshire: Written Scheme of Investigation for Archaeological Watching Brief

2.2 No features or deposits of archaeological interest were observed during groundworks.

3. DISCUSSION

3.1 Despite the archaeological potential of the application area, the watching brief identified no archaeological remains within the area of observed groundworks. The absence of archaeological deposits may indicate that structural remains associated with the medieval settlement at Long Marston either do not extend as far as the area of the groundwork, or more likely, given the presence of modern make-up material directly overlying the natural substrate, any structural remains may have been truncated during the construction of Orchard Cottage and its former outbuildings.

4. CA PROJECT TEAM

Fieldwork was undertaken by Mark Brett. The report was written by Sian Reynish. The illustrations were prepared by Jon Bennett. The archive has been compiled by Sian Reynish, and prepared for deposition by James Johnson. The project was managed for CA by Richard Young.

5. REFERENCES

BGS (British Geological Survey) 2011, Geology of Britain Viewer http://maps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyviewer_google/googleviewer.html Accessed 22/12/2011

CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2012 Orchard Cottage, Dorsington Road, Long Marston, Warwickshire: Written Scheme of Investigation for an Archaeological Watching Brief

Old Maps.co.uk 2011, Old-maps: the online repository of historic maps (http://www.old- maps.co.uk/maps.html accessed 22/12/2011

WCC (Warwickshire County Council) 2011 Orchard Cottage, Dorsington Road, Long Marston, Warwickshire: Brief for a Programme of Archaeological Works

6 © Cotswold Archaeology Orchard Cottage, Long Marston, Warwickshire: Written Scheme of Investigation for Archaeological Watching Brief

APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS

Trench Context Type Fill of Context Description L (m) W Depth Spot-date No. No. interpretation (m) /thick ness (m) 1 100 Layer concrete internal concrete floor 4.5 3.2 0.1 1 101 Layer make-up light yellowish brown clay with >4.5 >3.2 0.25 charcoal flecks, pebbles and limestone fragments 1 102 Layer natural substrate a mid greyish yellow clay >4.5 >3.2 >0.2

Trench Context Type Fill of Context Description L (m) W Depth Spot-date No. No. interpretation (m) /thick ness (m) 2 200 Layer concrete internal concrete floor 4.7 3.5 0.1 2 201 Layer make-up light yellowish brown clay with >4.7 >3.5 0.15 charcoal flecks, pebbles and limestone fragments 2 202 Layer natural substrate a mid greyish yellow clay >4.7 >3.5 >0.2

Trench Context Type Fill of Context Description L (m) W Depth Spot-date No. No. interpretation (m) /thick ness (m) 3 300 Layer topsoil dark brown silty clay >13.2 >7 0.3 3 301 Layer make-up light yellowish brown clay with >13.2 >7 0.2 charcoal flecks, pebbles and limestone fragments 3 302 Layer natural substrate a mid greyish yellow clay >13.2 >7 >0.5

7 © Cotswold Archaeology Orchard Cottage, Long Marston, Warwickshire: Written Scheme of Investigation for Archaeological Watching Brief

APPENDIX B: THE FINDS

The finds assemblage recovered from the watching brief consisted of a single sherd of pottery weighing 9 grams. The sherd was of buff fabric with trailed slip decoration, typical of circular platters produced during the late 17th and 18th centuries.

8 © Cotswold Archaeology Orchard Cottage, Long Marston, Warwickshire: Written Scheme of Investigation for Archaeological Watching Brief

APPENDIX C: OASIS REPORT FORM

PROJECT DETAILS

Project Name Orchard Cottage, Dorsington Road, Long Marston, Warwickshire Short description An archaeological watching brief was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology during groundworks associated with the construction of a two storey side extension and front extension to the existing Orchard Cottage, Dorsington Road, Long Marston, Warwickshire.

No features or deposits of archaeological interest were observed during groundworks, and no artefactual material pre-dating the modern period was recovered. Project dates 21 January 2013 Project type Watching Brief Previous work None Future work Unknown PROJECT LOCATION Site Location Orchard Cottage, Dorsington Road, Long Marston, Warwickshire Study area (M2/ha) 0.1ha Site co-ordinates SP 1526 4822 PROJECT CREATORS Name of organisation Cotswold Archaeology Project Brief originator Warwickshire County Council Project Design (WSI) originator Cotswold Archaeology Project Manager Richard Young Project Supervisor Sian Reynish MONUMENT TYPE None SIGNIFICANT FINDS None PROJECT ARCHIVES Intended final location of archive Content

Physical n/a Paper Warwick Museum Trench sheets, annotated plan, photographic registers Digital Warwick Museum Digital photographs BIBLIOGRAPHY

CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2013 Orchard Cottage, Dorsington Road, Long Marston, Warwickshire: Archaeological Evaluation. CA typescript report 13033

9 site

N Cirencester 01285 771022 Milton Keynes 01908 218320 Cotswold Andover 01264 326549 Archaeology w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Orchard Cottage, Dorsington Road Long Marston, Warwickshire Warwickshire FIGURE TITLE Site location plan

0 1km

FIGURE NO. Reproduced from the 2010 Ordnance Survey Explorer map with PROJECT NO. 4156 DATE 05-02-2013 the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller DRAWN BY JB REVISION 00 of Her Majesty's Stationery Office c Crown copyright Cotswold Archaeology Ltd 100002109 APPROVED BY PJM SCALE@A4 1:25,000 1

T3

T2

T1 ground reduced by 0.6m

foundation trenches excavated to 1m bpgl

N Cirencester 01285 771022 Milton Keynes 01908 218320 Cotswold Andover 01264 326549 Archaeology w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk inside ground reduction works e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE outside groundworks Orchard Cottage, Dorsington Road foundation trenches Long Marston, Warwickshire FIGURE TITLE proposed layout of extension Orchard Cottage, ground floor plan, showing location of groundworks

05mPROJECT NO. 4156 DATE 05-02-2013 FIGURE NO. DRAWN BY JB REVISION 00 Based on mapping provided by Sheldon Bosley Architects APPROVED BY PJM SCALE@A4 1:125 3 4

Cirencester 01285 771022 Milton Keynes 01908 218320 Cotswold Andover 01264 326549 4 Foundation trenches, looking north-east Archaeology w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Orchard Cottage, Dorsington Road Long Marston, Warwickshire

FIGURE TITLE Photograph

PROJECT NO. 4156 DATE 05-02-2013 FIGURE NO. DRAWN BY Jb REVISION 00 APPROVED BY PJM SCALE@A4 N/A 4 5

Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Milton Keynes 01908 218320 5 Typical section of foundation trench (scale 1m) Andover 01264 326549 Archaeology w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Orchard Cottage, Dorsington Road Long Marston, Warwickshire

FIGURE TITLE Photograph

PROJECT NO. 4156 DATE 05-02-2013 FIGURE NO. DRAWN BY JB REVISION 00 APPROVED BY PJM SCALE@A4 N/A 5