DOCSLIB.ORG

GEO-4 Chapter 8

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
GEO-4 Chapter 8 GEO-4 Chapter 8: Challenges and Opportunities Draft 1.0 (compiled by Jill Jäger) 6 January 2006 Co-ordinating Lead Authors: Jill Jäger (SERI) Marcel Kok (MNP) Vishal Narain (TERI) Contributing Authors: Dhari Naser Al-Ajmi; Geoffrey Dabelko; Thierry de Oliveira; Indra De Soysa; Richard Filcak; Des Gasper; Silvia Giada; Henk Hilderink; Jill Jäger; Sylvia Karlsson; Marcel Kok; Liza Koshy; Matthias Lüdeke; Marybeth Long Martello; Jennifer Mohamed-Katerere; Vikrom Mathur; Ana Rosa Moreno; Annet Nakyeyune; Vishal Narain; Alvaro Ponce; Sophie Strasser; Frank Thomalla; Steven Wonink. This is a preliminary draft. Please do not cite or use material from it. 1 Table of Contents Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................... 4 8.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 5 8.2 Human Well-Being and Vulnerability ............................................................................... 10 8.2.1 The character of human well-being............................................................................. 10 Broad concept...................................................................................................................10 Multi-dimensionality........................................................................................................ 12 Three different areas of focus........................................................................................... 13 8.2.3 The specific conception of human well-being in this chapter..................................... 16 A focus on quality of life, including on freedoms and security ....................................... 16 Components of well-being and their relationship to the environment ............................. 16 Materials for a good life ................................................................................................... 17 Health ............................................................................................................................... 18 Personal and environmental security................................................................................ 19 Good social relations........................................................................................................ 20 Freedoms and opportunities ............................................................................................. 21 8.2.4 Indicators and measures of well-being and the environment/well-being interface..... 21 Concepts, theories and indicators of well-being .............................................................. 21 The income-based approach............................................................................................. 22 Issues in the measurement of well-being ......................................................................... 24 Indicators classified according to components of well-being and three broad approaches .......................................................................................................................................... 25 8.3 The Global Context of Vulnerability ................................................................................. 30 8.3.1 The economic context: Globalization, trade, poverty and aid..................................... 30 8.3.2 The governance context .............................................................................................. 33 From global to local ......................................................................................................... 33 Environmental governance: changing scope, actors and processes ................................. 33 8.3.3 The people context: population, perceptions, health and security .............................. 35 8.3.4 Changes in technology ................................................................................................ 40 8.4 Patterns of Vulnerability .................................................................................................... 42 8.4.1 Common pool resources.............................................................................................. 43 8.4.2 Contaminated sites – legacies of the past.................................................................... 46 8.4.3 Desertification in drylands .......................................................................................... 49 8.4.4 A growing consumers’ class and the export of vulnerability...................................... 52 8.4.5 Global markets, local opportunities; land use change and livelihood insecurity [New title?]..................................................................................................................................... 55 8.4.6 Post-conflict vulnerabilities and human well-being.................................................... 58 8.4.7 The resource paradox and vulnerability ...................................................................... 61 8.4.8 Small Island Developing States (SIDS): Environment for development nexus.......... 64 8.4.9 Technological fixes of water problems ....................................................................... 67 8.4.10 Urbanisation of the coastal fringe: balancing environmental risks and economic opportunities......................................................................................................................... 70 8.4.11 Vulnerability of energy production and consumption systems in industrialised countries: the next energy crises?......................................................................................... 73 8.5 Policy Opportunities........................................................................................................... 76 8.5.1 Governance and institutions........................................................................................ 76 Opportunities for mainstreaming the environment in governance and institutions ......... 76 Effective governance........................................................................................................ 79 8.5.2 Poverty ........................................................................................................................ 81 Policy responses ............................................................................................................... 82 2 Opportunities for mainstreaming environment into development ................................... 82 8.5.3 Health .......................................................................................................................... 87 Policy responses ............................................................................................................... 88 Options for mainstreaming environment into health policies .......................................... 88 8.5.4 Trade............................................................................................................................ 91 Opportunities for mainstreaming environment into trade policy..................................... 92 8.5.5 Conflict and Cooperation ............................................................................................ 94 Conflict............................................................................................................................. 94 Cooperation ...................................................................................................................... 95 Opportunities for mainstreaming environment into peacemaking................................... 95 8.5.6 Science and Technology.............................................................................................. 98 Science and technology contributions to reducing vulnerability ..................................... 99 Avenues for policy development.................................................................................... 100 References Section 1, 2 and 4 ................................................................................................ 102 References Section 3 .............................................................................................................. 111 References Section 5 .............................................................................................................. 113 3 Acknowledgements We gratefully acknowledge the input from our colleagues who attended preparatory meetings in Nicoya, Costa Rica and Scheveningen, The Netherlands. We are most grateful to Munyaradzi Chenje, UNEP for his friendly guidance and Marion Cheatle for getting us started. We deeply miss Gerhard Petschel-Held, whose scientific insights helped us to develop and implement the “archetypes approach” and whose spirit remains with us as we work on the chapter. 4 8.1 Introduction This chapter identifies challenges to and opportunities for improving human-well-being and quality of life through analyses of human-environment systems and their vulnerability to certain forms of environmental change. We show the importance of environment for human well-being and sustainable development by addressing the following main questions: How do the environmental state, variability, hazards and trends described in the chapter(s) on the state of the environment affect human well-being? What factors shape the vulnerability of human-environment systems to multiple and interacting stresses? What are the response options within and beyond
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Climate Change and Water
    Climate Change and Water Final Prospectus Report June 2014 This report was prepared by the International Development Research Centre’s Climate Change and Water program (2010-2015) as part of the program’s external evaluation. This document has been modified from the original version (links to internal documents have been removed). Table of contents List of Annexes ....................................................................................................................... i List of acronyms .................................................................................................................... ii Executive summary .............................................................................................................. iv Section 1: Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1 Background: Climate Change and Water .................................................................................................. 1 Program strategy and logic ....................................................................................................................... 1 Evolution of the program .......................................................................................................................... 4 Communicating research .......................................................................................................................... 6 Section 2: CCW Program outcomes .......................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Multi-Stakeholder Workshop Proceedings
    Multi-stakeholder Workshop Proceedings 15 May 2015 Peri-urban Water Security Project CoCOON – CCMCC 2014-2018 Table of Contents Acknowledgement ....................................................................................... 3 Background ............................................................................................... 4 Introductory session .................................................................................... 4 Background of the Project ............................................................................. 4 Open discussion .................................................................................................. 5 Panel Discussion: Session 1 ............................................................................ 6 Open Discussion .................................................................................................. 7 Panel Discussion: Session 2 ............................................................................ 8 Open Discussion .................................................................................................. 9 Breakaway Session ...................................................................................... 9 Summing Up ............................................................................................. 11 ANNEX 1: List of Participants ........................................................................ 13 ANNEX 2: Agenda of the workshop .................................................................. 14 Acknowledgement
    [Show full text]
  • Brackets and Black Boxes: Research on Water Users' Associations
    Water Policy 6 (2004) 185–196 Brackets and black boxes: research on water users’ associations Vishal Narain Policy Analysis Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, India Habitat Centre, Lodi Road, New Delhi-110003, India. Fax: +91 11 24682144, 24682145; E-mail: [email protected] Received 10 January 2003; accepted in revised form 27 August 2003 Abstract This paper reviews the current state of research on Water Users’ Associations in canal irrigation. It argues that, while it makes several important contributions to our understanding of water institutions, collective action and local governance, it suffers from several weaknesses. Technology is treated as a black box. There is a very static and instrumental perspective. There is also a bracketing of the social relationships of which collective action is an expression. This paper concludes that further research is needed in order to understand the organizational dynamics of water users’ associations and how different technological conditions of water distribution influence the possibilities for collective action. Research is also needed on the interplay of the broader contextual factors under which water users’ associations operate and on the effects of WUA formation on social power relationships, water management and distribution practices. Keywords: Decentralization; Governance; Institutions; Irrigation management transfer; Water management 1. Introduction Farmer-managed irrigation systems have been in existence for several centuries. However, the current debate on farmer participation in government-managed irrigation systems originated in the 1970s. This debate became more prominent and dominated discourses on irrigation management in the 1980s. “The irrigation projects with their complex engineering and bureaucratic organizations can not be successful without the active participation of beneficiary farmers in the management process.
    [Show full text]
  • Indian Water Policy at the Crossroads: Resources, Technology and Reforms Global Issues in Water Policy
    Global Issues in Water Policy 16 Vishal Narain Annasamy Narayanamoorthy Editors Indian Water Policy at the Crossroads: Resources, Technology and Reforms Global Issues in Water Policy Volume 16 Editor-in-chief Ariel Dinar Department of Environmental Sciences , University of California , Riverside , California , USA Series editors José Albiac-Murillo , Zaragoza , Spain Stefano Farolfi , CIRAD UMR G-EAU , Montpellier , France Rathinasamy Maria Saleth , Chennai , India More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8877 Vishal Narain • Annasamy Narayanamoorthy Editors Indian Water Policy at the Crossroads: Resources, Technology and Reforms Editors Vishal Narain Annasamy Narayanamoorthy Public Policy and Governance Economics and Rural Development Management Development Institute Alagappa University Gurgaon , India Karaikudi , Tamil Nadu , India ISSN 2211-0631 ISSN 2211-0658 (electronic) Global Issues in Water Policy ISBN 978-3-319-25182-0 ISBN 978-3-319-25184-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-25184-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015957193 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 6, Issue 1, 2016.Cdr
    SAWAS JOURNAL Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2016 South Asian Water Studies Special Issue “Urbanization & periurbanization: Challenges for water governance in south Asia” Guest Editor Dr. Vishal Narain Public Policy and Governance at MDI, Management Development Institute, Gurgaon. Dr. Vishal Narain is Associate Professor, Public Policy and Governance, MDI, Management Development Institute, Gurgaon. He holds a PhD from Wageningen University, the Netherlands. His academic interests are in the inter-disciplinary analyses of water policy and institutions, urbanization and rural- urban transformations, water rights and irrigation reform. His research has been published in several peer-reviewed journals like Water Policy, Water International, Environment and Urbanization and Mountain Research and Development. Managing Editor Sumit Vij Public Administration and Policy Group, Wageningen University, The Netherlands Chief Editor Anjal Prakash International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Nepal SAWAS JOURNAL South Asian Water Studies Editorial Fluid Governance: water flows and rural-urban transformations in South Asia V - VI Vishal Narain, Sumit Vij Critical Review Understanding and governing the peri-urban: some critical reflections 01 - 06 Dik Roth Down the drain: the tragedy of the disappearing urban commons of Bengaluru 07 - 11 C Hita Unnikrishnan, Seema Mundoli, B. Manjunatha, Harini Nagendra Original Articles Governance of flooding risks in informal settlements in satellite cities in the 12 - 27 O Mumbai region Nidhi Subramanyam, Charlotte MacAlister Urbanization, climate change, and water (in)security in peri-urban areas of post- 28 - 41 earthquake Kathmandu valley N Anushiya Shrestha, Rajesh Sada Urban political ecology of water in Darjeeling, India 42 - 57 Gopa Samanta, Kaberi Koner T Rural to urban groundwater market: demand management option vs.
    [Show full text]
  • THE NETHERLANDS Sandpit on Urban Water Systems
    COOPERATION INDIA - THE NETHERLANDS Sandpit on Urban Water Systems 27-30 November 2018 Maidens hotel, New Delhi Content At the Sandpit ....................................................................................................................................... 5 Sandpit Agenda ..................................................................................................................................... 6 Day 1 – connecting, exploring the challenge, levelling understanding ........................................................ 6 Day 2 – sharing perspectives, creating and consensus ............................................................................ 7 Day 3 – establishing and developing programmes, peer review ................................................................ 8 Day 4 – presenting projects and creating project plans ............................................................................ 9 Sandpit participants ............................................................................................................................. 10 Organising team .................................................................................................................................. 11 Biographies ......................................................................................................................................... 12 Participants ...................................................................................................................................... 12 Mentors ..........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • List of Publications
    PRIYA PARVATHY SANGAMESWARAN Associate Professor, Development Studies Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, Calcutta, R-1, Baishnabghata-Patuli Township, Kolkata – 700094. Email: [email protected] LIST OF PUBLICATIONS Books . Neoliberalism and Water: Complicating the Story of ‘Reforms’ in Maharashtra. New Delhi: Orient Blackswan, 2014. Journal articles . Land from Wetland: Nature, Frontiers and Urbanization in Kolkata, India. Contributions to Indian Sociology 52(3) October 2018, pp. 283-307. Change in Nature and Change via Nature: A Brief Review of Ideas of ‘Change’ and their Implications for Nature. Salesian Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, Vol. 1X, No. 1, May 2018 (Politics of Ecology), pp. 18-33. Human Rights vs Contract Law in Arbitration Mechanisms. Economic and Political Weekly LIII (5: 16-19), February 3, 2018. Interdisciplinarity in Water Research, Education and Activism in South Asia: The Way Ahead (jointly with Vishal Narain and K J Joy). South Asian Water Studies, Volume 3, Issue 3, February 2013, pp. 1-11. Rural Drinking Water Reforms in Maharashtra: The Role of Neoliberalism. Economic and Political Weekly XLV(4: 62-69), January 23-29, 2010. Water rights for the Landless in Western India: From Pani Panchayat to Water Entitlements. European Journal of Development Research 21(2: 195-212), April 2009. Sector Reforms in Water in Western India: Commercialization, Self-Sufficiency, and Restructuring of relations. Geoforum 40: 228-238, 2009. 24/7, ‘Privatization’, and Water Reform: Insights from Hubli-Dharwad (co-authored with Roopa Madhav and Clifton D’Rozario). Economic and Political Weekly XLIII (14: 60-67), April 5, 2008. Community Formation, ‘Ideal’ Villages and Watershed Development in Western India, Journal of Development Studies 44(3: 384-408) March 2008.
    [Show full text]
  • PN48 IWMI Project Report Aug09 Approved
    Research Highlights CPWF Project Report CPWF Project Report Strategic Analysis of India’s River Linking Project Project Number PN 48 Upali Amarasinghe International Water Management Institute for submission to the August 2009 Page | 1 Contents CPWF Project Report Acknowledgements The financial support for the project by the “Challenge Program for Water and Food,” of the Consultative Group of International Agriculture Research Institutes is greatly acknowledged. The project greatly appreciates the comments and suggestions made by the members of the project advisory committee chaired by Prof. M.S. Swaminathan. The other eminent members of this committee included Prof. Yojindra K. Alagh, Prof. Vijay S. Vyas, Prof. Kanchan Chopra, Prof. Vandana Shiva, Prof. Frank Rijsberman, Shri Anil D. Mohile, Shri S. Gopalakrishnan and Shri Deep Joshi. Their guidance at various stages of the project was immensely helpful. The project management team acknowledge the assistance of various government institutions for providing the necessary data and published documents for this project. A special thank goes to the Central Water Commission of India for providing the flow data of various river basins in India. Many of the studies would not have been able to to be completed to our satisfaction without the river flow information. Project Partners 1. National Rainfed Area Authority, New Delhi 2. Banaras Hindu University, Varanesi, Uttar Pradesh 3. The Madras Institute of Development Studies, Chennai 4. Agro Economic Research Centre, Delhi University, Delhi 5. Centre for Rural Development, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 6. Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen 7. School of Public Policy and Governance, Management Development Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana 8.
    [Show full text]
  • Periurban Water Use, Human Health and Well-Being. Emerging Issues in South Asia
    Internationales Asienforum, Vol. 43 (2012), No. 1–2, pp. 33–45 Periurban Water Use, Human Health and Well-being. Emerging Issues in South Asia VISHAL NARAIN Urbanization in the twentieth century Urbanization has been one of the most pronounced trends of the twentieth century. Rapid urban expansion in many nations – in particular the growth of small urban centers – goes hand in hand with the growth of what are called ‘periurban’ areas that combine ‘urban’ and ‘rural’ characteristics and present new challenges to urban growth management (Tacoli 2006). The mixture of urban and agricultural land use has been recognized as character- istic of the vernacular urban fringe of Asian megacities. This landscape has been variously called the ‘Desakota’ (McGee 1991), the rural-urban fringe or the periurban interface (Allen 2003; Narain & Nischal 2007). For the purposes of this paper, we refer to periurban in two different ways; first, to denote villages near the peripheries of expanding cities and second, to denote parts of cities that are away from the core, and located toward the peripheries. That is, they are within the jurisdiction of urban authorities, but located away from the centre. This distinction is important in understanding the implications of water use for human health and well- being; the major effects of urbanization on water use and human health in the former case occur through the gradual acquisition of the villages’ land and water resources for urban expansion, on account of which periurban residents lose access to water of sufficient quality and quantity. In the latter case, the effects come from lack of tenure or social exclusion, and the outcomes of a planning process that favors the core over the periphery.
    [Show full text]
  • Periurbanization in India: a Review of the Literature and Evidence’, Report for the Project – Rural to Urban Transitions and the Peri-Urban Interface
    About the author: Dr. Vishal Narain is an Associate Professor in the School of Public Policy and Governance at the Management Development Institute, Gurgaon. He holds a PhD from Wageningen University, the Netherlands. His research spans a wide range of subjects in the realm of water policy and institutions, local governance and peri- urban issues. He is the author of 'Institutions, technology and water control: water users' associations and irrigation management reform in two large-scale systems in India’ published by Orient Longman. He is involved in the research component, and is responsible for lending the entire knowledge support Pooja Anand did her graduation in Mass Communications & Journalism and then Masters in Political Science from Hyderabad Central University, Hyderabad, India. She has been involved with the peri urban project particularly in undertaking the scoping studies in different cities in India. D r . Poulomi Banerjee is a senior fellow in south Asia Consortium for Interdisciplinary Water Resources Studies, Hyderabad SaciWATERs. She holds a PhD on watershed management from Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. Prior joining to SaciWATERs she was working as a researcher in water resource and policy division (WRPM) of The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi. She has worked extensively in the arena of water supply and sanitation, natural resource management, climate change, agriculture, governance and policy issues for the past seven years. She looks into the peri-urban and the study of disappearing la k e s p r o j e c t s in SaciWATERs. Citation: Narain, V., Anand, P. and Banerjee, P. 2013. 'Periurbanization in India: A review of the literature and evidence’, Report for the project – Rural to Urban Transitions and the Peri-urban Interface.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Governance Futures in South Asia and Southern Africa: Déjà Vu All Over Again?
    Chapter 12 Water Governance Futures in South Asia and Southern Africa: Déjà Vu All Over Again? Douglas J. Merrey , Anjal Prakash , Larry Swatuk , Inga Jacobs , and Vishal Narain Abstract This chapter explores the likely trends and outcomes in water gover- nance by about 2030 in two regions: South Asia and Southern Africa. It addresses the question: What are the prospects for developing governance arrangements in the two regions that will lead to more positive outcomes in terms of sustainably improv- ing people’s livelihoods while conserving natural resources? It examines this ques- tion through three “lenses”: (1) “beyond disciplines”, (2) “beyond scales” and (3) “beyond ‘institutional’ hardware to ‘human’ software”. The two regions are cur- rently on different trajectories: the Southern African trajectory seems to be moving in a positive direction, in contrast with South Asia. The chapter discusses four fac- tors that go far to explaining this divergence: (1) the contrasting roles of the hege- monic countries, (2) the level of intercountry “trust” that has emerged in the two regions, (3) the roles of civil society and NGOs and (4) the roles of external facilita- tors. The chapter emphasises the importance of developing the human software – the “soft skills” of communication and shared values complementing technical competence – as the most critical driver of successful water resource governance. D. J. Merrey (*) Independent Consultant , Gainesville , FL , USA e-mail: [email protected] A. Prakash International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) , Kathmandu , Nepal e-mail: [email protected] L. Swatuk University of Waterloo , Waterloo , ON , Canada e-mail: [email protected] I.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Issues in Water Policy
    Global Issues in Water Policy Volume 6 Editor-in-chief Ariel Dinar, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA Series editors José Albiac-Murillo, Zaragoz, Spain Stefano Farolfi , CIRAD UMR G-EAU, Montpellier, France Rathinasamy Maria Saleth, Chennai, India More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8877 Eiman Karar Editor Freshwater Governance for the 21st Century Editor Eiman Karar Water Research Commission (WRC) Pretoria , South Africa ISSN 2211-0631 ISSN 2211-0658 (electronic) Global Issues in Water Policy ISBN 978-3-319-43348-6 ISBN 978-3-319-43350-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-43350-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016956569 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017 . This book is published open access. Open Access This book is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial 2.5 License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/ ) which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the work’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if such material is not included in the work’s Creative Commons license and the respective action is not permitted by statutory regulation, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to duplicate, adapt or reproduce the material. This work is subject to copyright. All commercial rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.
    [Show full text]