STATE OF OREGON DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY AND MINERAL INDUSTRIES 1069 State Office Building Portland Oregon - 97201
OPEN FILE REPORT July 1, 1971
GEOLOGIC EVALUATION
OF THE
ALKALI LAKE DISPOSAL SITE
V. C. Newton, Jr. Geologist - Petroleum Engineer Donald Baggs Field Assistant
Governing Board
Fayette I. Bristol , Chairman R. W. deWeese Harold Banta
Raymond E. Corcoran State Geologist TABLE OF CONTENTS
.TEXT
Purpose of study ......
History and prior investigations ......
Geography and physiography ......
Stratigmphy ......
Geologic strudue ......
Ccrreiation of deep wells ......
Coce;atisn of auger holes ......
'dater characteristics ......
Scda ash reserves ......
Summary ......
APPENDIX
C hemicat analyses of water ...... 16
Chemical analyses of playa crust ...... 31
PH determinotiom of wmples from hole No . 5 ...... 33
Auger hole logs ...... 37 ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure 1 Map of Alkali Lake and vicinity ...... 3
Fi~ure2 Geai~~icrnapoiAlkaliLake ...... 5
Figure 3 Explanation of mop units ...... 6
Fisure 4 Correlations of deep holes ...... 8
Figure 5 Map of auger holes ...... 9
Figure 6 Percentage of salts in playa sediments ...... 11
Figure 7 lsegram of conductonce on brine pool ...... 13 GEGLSGIC EVALUATION OF TEE ALKALI LAKE DISPOSAL SITE
The State Department of Geology and /Mineral lndusfrizs becjan studies cn a propossd chsnicai disposal site at Alkali Lake in June 1969. The work was carried out in cooperction with the Oregon Siaie University Department of Environmental Science, which is conducting rosecrch under a federal grant. The Lake Counry Planning Commission, Governor's Advisory Cornmi ttee on Sy nthetic Chemicals in the Environment and several oiher state agencies are inter~stedbecause of the storage of toxic chemical residues at the lake by Chem Wastes,lnc. The state is also involved to the extent that legislature agreed to accept re~onsibility for storage of the chemicals at Alkali Lake.
The object of this investigation was to determine if geologic conditions at Alkali Lake. were suitable for disposal of toxic chemicals. Geologic structure, relationships of rock for- mations, chemistry of plcryo sediments and asmciated brine pool, surface drainage, underground aquifers and soil permeability, all are relevant to the proposed disposal project. A secondary abjective of this study was to estimote reserves of sodium carbonate in the brine pool and playa crust to see if mining would be feasible with low cost backhaul from the disposal operation.
The first phase of geological investigations was to sample foundation material in the vicinity of experimental test plots where various applications of chemicals were to be observed. Appcrent permeability was checked and depth to the water table measured. Analyses were made of the brine beneath the test plots. The auger drilling in the summer of 1969 showed that :2si i;iof~ should be located at the south end of the lake where permeability of sediments was iow and the water saline. More drilling was done in 1970 for determining the limits of the brine pool as well as sampling the lake beds to a deprh of 50 feet. A total of 16 auger holes wer? drilled in the summer of 1969 and 1970 (see figure 1). Lake sediments above the waier ?able were anciyzed for salt content by the State Department of Geology and Mineral Industries riec~nnaissancegeologic mapping was done to verify published data and a study made of aerial photographs of the lake to locate faul is and evaluate geomorphic features. Prevailing wind direction could be lecrned by examining the dune structures on the aerial photographs.
Results of this study indicate the lake playa and bordering area to be useable for disposcl purposes as far as geological features are concerned. The possibil iiy of chemical -/ liquids or residues reaching usable water supplies by surface drainage or underground seepcge - appears remote. Low cost backhaul should mcke the deposits of Alkaii Lake economic; however, the mining would be on a small scale because of limited reserves of sodi urn carbonate. No major probitms are evident in connection with disposai of wastes at Alkali Lake.
History and prior investigations
.. Mining claims were first filed on Alkali Lake in the latter part of the 1800's by a Porttand firm which was interested in the boron prospects (later tests showed littie bomn at P.l kal i Lake). Prior to World War I the Pearson Engineering Corp., London, England, took an option on the claims aiong with options at Searles Lake, California,- because these dry lakes cppaared to them as good mining prospects for soda ash. I he outbreak of war terminated
JP < L' this project. jome sodium carbonate was mined from Alkali Lake in the 1920's and sold in Portland as washing soda (Stott, 1952). Eyde Nitrogen Company, Norway, became interes- ted in the property in the 1920's for manufacturing sodium nitrate. Although the process appeared to be commercial, nothing came of the Eyde inquiry.
M. F. Gouge of the Ottawa Department of Mines, Canada, visited Alkali Lake in 1924 to study the potholes and determine how they formed. O.F. Stafford, a mining consultant, was hired by the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries in 1939 to explore the commercial possibilities of dry lakes in eastern Oregon. The importance of sodium salts for many chemical processes led to a study of the evaporite deposits at Alkali Lake, Summer Lake, and Lake Abert by Allison and Mason in 1947. Later, in 1952, Bonne- ville Power Administration funded a study by W. J. Stott, Professor of Chemistry at Portland University, to explore for evaporite layers at depths below the playa surface. This study also included other dry lakes in eastern Oregon. Chem Wastes, Inc., Portland, purchased the Alkali Lake patent in 1967 for the purpose of storing and treating chemical wastes. The company also planned to re-examine the commercial value of salts in the playa sediments and in solution in the brine pool and thus take advantage of the low cost backhaul of evaporite to Portland.
Geologic mapping has been done in northern Lake County by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Department of Geology and Mineral Industries. N .L. Mundorff did geologic mapping at Alkali Lake in 1947 for a thesis proiect at Oregon State College. Some mapping was done during the present project to supplement the earlier work.
Geography and physiography
Alkali Lake is located in northeastern Lake County about 60 miles north of the city of Lakeview and 15 miles north of Lake Abert in Lake County. The dry lake is approximately 8 miles long by 5 or 6 miles wide. It is separated from North Alkali Lake by small volcanic cones named Alkali Buttes and the highlands between Alkali Lake and Lake Abert are also eruptive volcanic features. The northern extension of Abert Rim borders the east side of Alkali Lake rising 1200 feet above the valley floor. Highway 395 traverses the valley along the base of the Abert fault scarp in a north-south direction roughly parallel to the scarp. Elevation at the lake is 4244 feet. Mean annual temperature is 50°F, rainfall 10 to 16 inches,and evaporation approximately 55 inches per. year. Settlement around Alkali Lake consists of a highway maintenance station, service station, restaurant, and one or two ranches; the remainder of the property is Federal Range Land. In contrast to the desert appearance of the area, fresh water is available 50 to 200 feet below the ground surface. Vegetation is typical of the Oregon High Desert, consisting of sage, grease-
wood, rabbit brush, and range- grasses.- The alkali flat is barren of growth except for green patches around springs which flow year around.
Alkali Lake lies within a broad lowland forty miles wide stretching from Summer Lake on the west to Lake Abert and Alkali Lake on the east. This broad depression is bounded by the Winter Ridge fault scarp at Summer Lake and the Abert fault scarp on the east side. STATE OF OREGON ot?aelnewf 09 ceoioc~AMO ~1mta1tIMOUST~ICZ
Figure I 1 Se.~er=!Ievels of ancient icke terraces are evident on t+e slzces ci buttes ond high creas testi;ting to the existence of a large fresh-waizr lake during ;he ice cis? at a time when the climaie was more htimid than thp preient. Grainage in the brocd lawiand is controlled by cross faults, one set trending northwest and the other northeast. Siructural features in the viciniiy of Alkali Lake can be seen on aerial photographs.
A north-souih lineation in the west half of the playa appears to be a surface drain- age coursa and not a fault trace. Just west of this linear groove is a high area where springs -. sezp out at the suriace, and the accompanying growth has prevented erosion oi sediments -. by wind,
The arrangement of sand dunes around the perimeter of the playa shows that winds prevail from the muthesi and northeast. This probably has keen the case for sevemi hundred years. The dunes a* the north end of the plcrya show the work of varying wind currents as well as the prevailing winds. The varied direction of winds here are caused by At kcli Buttes. Auger drilling disclosed that there is 20 to 30 feet of aeoi ion deposits at the north aad south ends of the lake (see descriptions of auger borings in appendix). Erosional remnants o; lake beds are evident along the west sides of the lake and to some extent on the eat shore. Mundorff (1947) concluded from his studies ihai he lake basin is a deiiation basin from which 20 or 30 feet of sediment has been stripped by the wind.
Srraii grcphy <. .
The oldest rocks in the vicinity of Alkali Lake are tuifaceous sediments and tuffs expcsed along the Abert scum south of Gray's Butte. This rock unit ( Ttspn geologic map , Fis. 2 ) is cpproxirnately 1300 feet thick (Walker and Repenning, 1965). Several hundred fset of Miocece-Pliocene andesite and basalt flows overlie the oldest rocks. Younger lavas and Iccustrine beds of Pllocene age approximately 300 to 400 fett thick rest on the andesite cnd bcsai: flows. PI iocene-PI eistocene pyrocl asti a, basalt and intehedded l cke sediments overlie the Pt iocene rocks. This upper unit is 150 to 300 feet thick where zxposed west and ecrt of rhe lcke piaya ('vYalker , 1963). Cinder cones and voicanic vents were also formed during f!iocene-Pleistocene time. Alluvium, lake sediments, wind deposits, and capping flows of basalt represeni deposiiion during Pleistocene and Holoceoe time. Allison (1345) found rkai pumice and ash falls were deposited with the youngest sediments in northern Leks Counv. Test wells 18 R-1 and 5 N-1 encountered PI iocene voicanics at 170' and 130 feet respectivety after drii l ing through Holocene-Pleistoceoe and Pfeistocene-?I iocene sediments. No prcminent unconforrnities'have been recognized in northern take County in the mapping done thus far (Wol ker, 1963).
2hyoiite plugs, (Gray's Butte) dikestand domes intruded existing rocks &me time between the end of Pliocene time adeerly Pleistocene time. These intrusions appear to occur dong foul ts.
Geologic structure
Southeastern Oregon from Crater Lake to the Idaho border lies within the Basin and ran^ geomorphic province and between these two locations there cre several large nortb- south trending tecionic depressions bounded by high sccrps of uplifted intervening fcult blocks (Fuller cni W&en, 1929). Alkaf i take and Lcke Abert are situated on the east mcrgin AND VICINITY
Scale 1:125,000
I ?!O 1 2 3 o 5 6 7 @ 9 MILES I : L + I CONTOUR INTEWAL 20@ FEET wlrn SUPECMENTMY CONTOURS AT 100 FCOT INTERVALS
Figure 2. EXPLANATION
MAP UNITS
Ployo d-ih Clay, silt, $4,and some w-itr.
. Alluvium m3L09LLllTOCENE a Uncdidated fluviatile grawel, smd, ad silt. Lug. of widblvun d deaiqnotsd by stipple paitsn.
-T50, b-ltic and anduiric flws, intaorcided sandrtonc, siltrtone, OM tuff. PLIOCENE fob, veiculor beolt flows, gray adrddih-gmy. T,,, somi-comolidahd Iacusirinr tuiiaemus mbimu and siltsconr, xed ashy diatomite, tuff, lopilli tufi, and tuii beccio.
B-l t PLIO-MIOCENE 8dtflaw., gmnrdly diming 5 ,a 10 degren. hkny mi- tv- grapnic rim cq@ ,by b-• flows.
Tuffoewur scdimentq loch kdyfinc-groid, porly to daohlywell-baddcd rvifac.arr MIOCENE sdimntqrock ond mne oh* NR reomntirq ildpioh w shdk joke deposits.
VOLCANIC ROCKS - SnATIGRAMIC RELATIONS UNCERTAIN
Intrusive rhyolite ond docire Plqs, dika, moll endogmaus doma.
Pymcl~ticroch oi baoitic cinda corn QTp, w&wl drpih of uncsnrolidared, reddim, fine +o court8 scwiacsous hitic rFta. Ago, Mioc-(?), Pliocene, cnd Pleistocene a Rrccnt. QTp, subquaour dapositt of partly consulidatad yeila*rish-brown poiagonitired =tic qcto.
Rocks of rificic vmk Dikm, pig, ad cwlaenmu, &ma, including reletd fi- and flew bsccic, of docitic to riplitic =-ition. Age, Pliocene and Pl.istochnr (?).
Rah of mafic venk BBoltic and andaitic aggimre, beceio, scoria, eider,, fla,, end inkurivs mama famirg eomtrucrional volcmic landfarm. Age, Plioeams, Plai~tocene,and Recent (?).
Figure 3. of one of :be Isrge depressions; Summer Lake, Silver Lcke ,cnd Chewauccn Marsh are on the vtst siiis. This brcad bcsin is G compos;:? cpban consijiing of numerous small fault block unirs ~esuitingfrom criss-crosiing faults. The upthrown fault blocks dip to the east and west away from the main graben basin. Also, srnalier fault blocks within the gaben, :it r owoy from the cznrer suggesting that the gross structure is a broad faulted aniicline with the crest down-drcpped. The grearest displccemenis occui: ai the margins of the gaben and decrease toward the center (Donath, 1958).
The mcin fault system, which developed in Pliocene time, divides the region into large blocks separated by N 35O W and N 20° E trending fractures. The northwest-trending fauits die out nonhward, becoming hinge-type fauits. Displacement along the northeast-trending Abert fault atso decreases to the north. Later faulting on c grand scale superimposed nortb- south trending fractures over the earlier main fault pattern and produced the characteristic aasin ond Racge structure. ,The "Range Faults" (Larson, 1965) are believed to have been initi- ated in early Pleistocene time (Peterson and Mclntyre, 1969). Subordinate faulting adds to the complexity of he structure. The structural evolution of the region relates to tensional stressa and adiustments to igneous activity in the crustal rocks (Ikeogwauni, 1355j.
Seismic profiles by Donath (1958) disclose that faults buried under quaternary sediments in the Summer Lake area conform to surface trends and thct dips of the faults are nearly veriicai.
Folding of crustal rocks in Lake County is be1 ieved to have taken place boih concurrentfy and followina Pi iocene faulting , Deformation appears to have occurred after most eruptive cen- ters hcd been formed. The entire area was foided into low broad anticlines and jync!ines with norinwest or northeast axial trends (Peterson and Mclntyre, 1969).
Cc~ri~lafionoi deep \~siIs
Two deep test wells were drilled ot Alkali Lake by Portland University in 1952. (see figure 2). The well at the south end of the playa in sec. 18 is referred to as weil 18R-1 and the weil ct the north end of the playa in sec. 5 is referred to as 5N-1. Drilling was halizd in L the test wel! s when it seemed apparent that no more saline waters would be encountered. Sands at the top of both wells probabiy are Holocene aeolian deposits. Dirsctly beneath the aeolian sediments are Pf iocene-Pleistocene lake Beds (Q ts, Wai ker, 1963). Both wells ptobcbiy pene- trated Pt iocene volcanics ( Tba and Tob, Waiker, 1963) which contcined fresh water. Analyses of water from the welis consspond quite closely (see appendix). Based upon stratigraphic rela- tionships described by Walker (1963) Miocene volcanics should be found below the lake plcr/a at a depth of 300 or 500 feet. Older lake beds should underlie the volcania and may possibly contain brackish or saline waier. Saline water was found at 12CO feet in a weil on the ZX Ranch south of Summer Lake and when the well was plugged back to 400 feet it produced fresh wcter (Statt, 1952).
Correlation of auaer holes
A total of 15 auger holes were drilled around the periphery of Alkali Lake by the Oregon Depcrfment of Geology and Mineral industries in the summer of 1969 and 1970 to obtain doio
, on the brine pa01 and to define stratigraphy of lake beds to a depth of 50 feet .Generally specking, the holes on the outer margin of the playa encountered a csvericg of ceolian deposits to depths of 10 to 30 izet and beneath these .~diments,lake beds were found. (See figure 5). There were . .
Silt and ctay,somo cdicha . .
Clay, silty, some caiiche and
Silt, some layers of volc ash
Rhyaiitic tuif (water O,I% salt) Rhyolite or daciie
(water, flng 0.03 % salt) . 1' 1 Andesitz basalt 1 - ij l a,-- :"I? -- i
I j i l. I 8asa\t with tuif layers .\.. (natar,itwg. a3 % salt) iI . . i Basaft, oxidized, crumbly, --. . . . . -- some silica, zeoii ta, iI . . . . Ij . . I Basalt, some zeolite . . Pumica (water flwg 0.069% satt) . .
Figure 4 Correlation OF we1 Is 5N-1 and 18R-1 a Sand
@ Clay-5ilt
y( Clay
Figt~re5 Alkali Lake auger holes some fine silty sands in the lake beds but silts and clays predominated. Scattered diatoms were noted in auger samples but no diatomite layers were found. Thin beds of peat were drilled in the lowe; portion of a few holes and thin hard layers of siliceous material were common. Silici- fied ash beds caused holes No. 10 and 14 to be abandoned prematurely. Most of the samples of lake sediments were intermixed with volcanic debris. Dunes contain a post-lacustrine pumice mixed with aeolian sediments derived from lake beds (Allison, 1945).
Water characteristics
Analysis of water from springs, water wells, and auger holes (see appendix) were made to assist with geologic interpretation and to determine limits of the shallow brine pool. Three main features can be seen from these analyses: 1) the brine ~oolis situated adjacent to a north- west-trending fault barrier at the south end of the playa (see isogram in appendix); 2) the spring water and deep fresh water aquifers show a common source; and 3) water supply to the basin from the surface and from below is relatively fresh. Evidently the playa salts and brine pool result from evaporation of these relatively fresh waters (a conclusion suggested by All ison and Mason, 1947). Presence of arsenic in the deep water and concentration of arsenic in the brine pool confirmthis conclusion. The arsenic may in some way be related to mineralization along the barrier fault at the south end of the lake. Metals found in the water sample from auger hole No. 6 could also be associated with this postulated fault. It has been suggested, however, that these metallic constituents could have come from corrosion of she1 Is and cartridge brackets left on the Air Corps firing range. Hole No. 6 is situated on the approach to the old target area.
Analyses made by Portland University in 1952 (see appendix) show a marked decrease in salinity in formation water below a depth of 40 feet in well 18R-1. Water sampled in well 5N-1 was fairly fresh even at the top. Evidently only the top 20 or 30 feet of water contained in the lake sediments is saline; below this depth the salinity decreases.
Soda ash reserves
Several estimates of evaporite reserves have been made in past investigations of Alkali Lake. Most investigators agreed that sodium carbonate was the chief prospect for mining and that Alkal i Lake seemed to hold the largest deposit of this salt of any of the dry lakes in eastern Oregon (Stott, 1952). Sodium carbonate is a relatively rare occurrence in nature, being formed from certain spring and alkali lake brines. Most sodium carbonate used today is made artificially by the ammonia-soda proces2 (Solvay Process) for use in organic and inorganic chemicals. Sodium carbonate has been mined at Alkali Lake and sold for washing soda. One problem not mentioned in prior studies is the presence of arsenic in the evaporite and the brine. Can it be easily separa- ted from the sodium carbonate?
The principal salts at Alkali Lake are: sodium carbonate, sodium chloride, and sodium sulfate. There are also smaller amounts of potassium sulfate, phosphate, boron, arsenic, silica, iodine, and fluoride intermixed with the soda. The greatest concentration of salts at Alkali Lake occurs in the pot hole area (see figure 1). Allison and Mason (1947) sampled the potholes to a depth of 4 feet to check salt content of the evaporite lenses and underlying lake beds. They found the lenses to be 3 or 4 feet thick in the center of the "potholes" tapering to a few inches at the perimeter. The "potholes" range from 2 feet to 30 feet in diameter. The top portion of \ #I 0
20' # 5N-I
-d 4' /T-\ / / I / I /' l LC\_/ I \ \ 1 \ I #6 \ I 0 \ I 1 \ I I \ # l8R-I I 3 0' I \. I I #8 I I /
I 3 0' /
3 0'
Figure 6. Percentage of salts In the ploys sediments the lens analyzed 40% sodium carbonate decreasing to 18% at 42 inches. Tests on well 18R-1 show that sodium carbonate diminishes to 1% at a depth of 20 feet; it is reasonable to expect a similar decl ine beneath the potholes.
The surface crust on the playa yielded 7% sodium carbonate (see figure 4) in tests made by Allison and Mason (1947). Replacement of evaporite was checked at one pothole during the 1947 project. After one year a 13-inch layer of new crystals formed in a pothole that had been cleaned of evaporite. The potholes are thought to originate from seepage of fresh water from the deep aquifer upward to the playa. Evaporation and concentration of salts occurs near the surface of the pdtholes and crystals form when saturation is reached. Surface crusts at Summer Lake yielded 5 tons of salt per acre (Allison and Mason, 1947), 3.5 tons of which are sodi um carbonate.
Sodium carbonate concentrated enough to extract commercially at Alkali Lake is limited to the upper 20 or 30 feet of the brine pool. Limits of the producible brine are assumed to fall abovc! the 20,000 mc mho line (see figure 7). Studies of auger samples indicate that the lake beds have low permeability and porosity but no laboratory tests were made in this investiga- tion. Effective porosity is assumed to be 10% and concentration of sodium carbonate approxi- mately 8% in the brine. Total recoverable reserves of sodium carbonate at Alkali Lake appear to be:
Brine Pool 200,000 tons
Potholes 1 00,000 tons
Surface Crust 10,000 tons
Total 31 0,000 tons
lnasnuch as the average annual evaporation rate in Lake County is 55 inches (Waring, 1908), some replacement of sodium carbonate can be expected annually. However, mining operations depending on solar evaporation in the playas of southeastern California have failed even though the water source contained a much larger dissolved content than source waters at Alkali Lake (Stott, 1952).
Summary and conclusions
All the geologic evidence suggests that Alkali Lake is a closed drainage basin. Surface water appears to drain from all directions to the lake flat. Geologic structure indicates that regional drainage is south to southeast in the Summer Lake-Lake Abert graben. Artesian flows in wells 18R-1 and 5N-1 establish that the deep fresh-water aquifer is separated from shallower water zones by confining layers of sedimentary rock. The occurrence of several large fresh-water springs and artesian wells in the vicinity of the lake playa show that ground water is moving into the basin; thus, liquids placed on the ground surface are not likely to escape the lake basin. Permeability of lake beds is generally low as seen from the auger samples; therefore, movement of fluids through them should be slowed considerably. Where wind-deposited sand occurs around /
Figure 7. Conductonce irogram of brine pool (valuer In mc mhoi/cm) the playa margins, seepage of surface-applied liquid would be rapid until lake beds were encountered. Some of the lake bed silt layers transmit fluid fairly well as seen in the 15- foot hole near the Chem Waste office. This hole can be pumped at approximately 6 gpm of alkali water without going dry, but the underlying clayey layers would retard vertical move- ment of fluids. Lateral seepage would be toward the brine ~ool.
Geology of the Alkali Lake playa has been covered in prior projects so the present investigation offers only a few additions to geologic interpretations, mainly to describe the lake sediments to a depth of 50 feet and establish limits of the brine pool. Previous mapping is used here to relate geology to proposed disposal operations. A fault along the south lake margin is indicated by the salinity isogram as well as a lineament on the aerial photograph of the playa. Springs occur in the west half of the playa but no surface expression of struc- ture can be identified; perhaps some north-south trending structure infl uences upward seepage.
The possibility of economic mining of sodium carbonate depends upon low cost trans- portation to markets. Reserves of this salt are relatively small and would support only a small venture. Source of the brine appears to be in the deep fresh-water zone which evaporates after reaching the surface; thus, renewal of salt supply will be quite slow. The brine is con- fined to the upper 30 feet of the lake beds and below that depth salinity decreases rapidly. The presence of arsenic in the evaporites may interfere with processing the soda ash.
Use of the lake playa for disposal of chemical wastes has merit as there is little danger of polluting usable water supplies. The location is remote and land-use potential low. Methods of disposing of toxic chemical wastes being tested at Alkali Lake by Oregon State University Department of Environmental Science include degradation by soil bacteria, degradation by photosynthesis, surface spreading dilution in conjunction with bacterial degradation, and range brush control . Some other methods which reportedly hold promise for use at Alkali Lake are dehydration, high temperature incineration, and chemical neutralization utilizing alkaline salts contained in the brine pool. Chem Waste, Inc. also may utilize the property for storage of chemical residues for recycling to secondary uses.
Wind erosion will be a problem if the lake site is used for disposal of solid waste residues. Sand dunes around the perimeter of the playa testify to the erosive force of the wind. Prevailing wind direction is from the southwest and northeast but cross currents also occur because of topographic obstacles. A diversity of dune alignments is evident at the north end of the playa on aerial photographs. Relative to the wind, odors from spread wastes will be noticeable f6r some distance unless methods can be devised to screen them. Another detrimental character of the site is the alkaline soil which will likely retard bac- terial activity. Results of test plot studies will undoubtedly determine to what extent this is true.
The State Department of Environmental Quality is the licensing agency for disposal facilities and may place restrictions on the proposed operations or require certain monitoring stations. The State Engineer may, in conjunction with the Department of Environmental Qua1ity, request test drilling and monitoring we1 Is. Recommendations for additional work by the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries include a cored hole to 50 feet to better define the lake beds and measurements for permeability or percolation tests on fluid seepage in the lake beds. Seismic profiles may be helpful in the interpretation of subsurface geology but they are not essential, especially if another deep test hole is drilled. BIBLlOG2A?HY
1 - 2. . A!f:-njn, i . S., i -7J5, Pumice Bzds cr Summer tckt: Geoi. Soc. Arneria aull., V. 56, p. 791-794. Allison, 1. 5. qnd Mason, R. S., 19L7, Sodium Salrs of Lake County, Oregon: Oregon Dept . Gstogy cnd Mineral inausiries, Short Pcper IT. Dole, H. M., 1941, Petrography of Quaternary Lake Sediments of Norrhern Lake County: Master's tnesis Oregon Stare College. Donath, F. A., 1958, Basin-Range Structure OF South-Central Oregon, dactoral diss. Stanford University. Fuller, R. E. and Waters, A. C., 1929, The Nature and Origin of the Hodand Graben Structure of Southern Oregon: four. Geology, v. 37, p. 204-238. ikeagwauni, F. D., 1965, Photo Geology of the Picture Rock Pass Area, Lake County: Master's thesis, University of Oregon. Lorson, E . E., 1965, The Structure, Stratigraphy and Paleomagnerics of the Plush Area, Southeastern Lake County: coc~oraldiss. University of Colorado. Mh/\cndorff, N. L., 1947, Geology of A1 kali Lake Basin: Mcster's thesis, Oregon Srote College. Peterson, N. V . and Mclniyre, J . R., 1969, Geology and Mineral Resources oi Eastern Klamath and Western Lcke County: Oregon Deot . Ge310gy arid Mineral Industries, Bull. 66. Stofford, 0. F., 1939, Preliminary Re~orton Oregon Saline Lakes: Oreson Dept. Geology and Mineral Industries Short Pcper 1 . S toft, W . J ,, 1952, Investigation of Sal ine Deposits in Southern Oreson: Bonnevii le Power Admin. Study Contract No. 1 5 p - 7748 to University of Portiand. -I rauger, F. D., 1950, Basic Groundwater Dcio in Lake County: U. 5. Geol . Survey Open- file Report. Vcn CV inkle, W., 1914, Quaiity of Surface Water of Oregon: U -5. Geoi . Survey \I\loie~- Supply P~er363. Waf ker . G.W., 1963, Geology of the Eastern Half of the Klamcth Fclls (AIMS) Cuadrcrngle; U. S. Geoi. Survey Map MF-260. L44ciker, G. W. and Repenning, C. A., 1965, Geol. Map of the Adel Qucdransle: U.S. Geol . Survey Map 1-44. Walker, G. W., et a! ., 7967, Geology of the East Haif of the Crescent Quadrangle: U.5. Gee\ . Survey Map 1-493. Waring, G. A., 1908, Geol . and Wafer Resources of a Portion of Souih-Centrcl Oregon: U. S. Geol . Survey Water-Supply Paper 220. INTEROFFICE MEMO
To: Vern Newton, Geology Dest. Date: 1/14/71
From: Alan Li. Hose
Subject: Alkali Lake Arsenic
Res~ltsof sam.,ie co~l-xcedon 12/20/,0 by Dr. :lilliam Kan,io of Cheni dCastes Inc., ta~enfrorn a fresh water sprin on the west side of Alkali Lake are 0.013 mg/i PubLic Health Service Recommended Max. 0.01 mg/l Arsenic Max. Allowable 0.05 mg/l Arsenic 17 State of O:~zo:. Sublec t: Alkali Lake Results of anslysis for Alkali Lake are as follows: Auger hole = 12 Pot hole - Playa Auger hole -% 13 Auger hole 3 il Auger hoie 4 15 1 i t Ckr3 Ph. I! 12!! : Sua of Watar 5~yr3.y Alkali Iake('-Tunt ~raiior) SVSTEHP/D.T-~~TI~- Ccunky Lake AMPE re0. i17- IRA^ ZT?~+TED,3 btirr~,~darno~~~ S 3crce ----- El-- lo sa.npling ?oint Battle P/o. 6) JI-~~ Ccllectrd 3y lJCN Dat t TT;lxr;T;Ixi ?I . * Anausis 3y A.W. Hose Date (Mu+m ,Do y , YZAP) Laboratory Xum'wr 1495 -. 76: s~s/;rvcriico/ Lne o/c/o~JAW /dcpf(/A62~ .&,;no/ BCIO/.nd. * PHS 2 ecommcr?ded mox. *+P~s Mex. Pl/~uleb& Copductmcs (K mko/cnlt (2 50)" / SOU~S,7.7dati3r! Carken Dioxide iollrllll- . 2 (=;- 93 (2 50)' 35-41 Alkaiint5y, Total as CaZ33 Ezrdness as CaC03 ilicon Calci-uz wninum itrogen, hnonta ,, ~re,n (0.3)" Cnlorides AlkallzLtj-,Total as Cam, kroa / i3lzi5ll -!7c i /" UrLdauN 31 A 1 t oirk.\J Ok' .QALln 19 - !?inera1---_. -_____-_ Content-______of )?ater Name of Water suCp3y R1!:~li hke county kl-,\e SWPIFID, NO. -7-9 Source Sorinq on '.:est sice I~at.y.!';Pr~r~~3 bii~lo, 4-4~~~aanro 10 ------Samplj ng Point '~lestSiCe of Blkzli h!ce Bottle NO. Ccllecteci 3~ V. Me:~ton Dste I-ITj xJJ-FIx]~11- lib Analysis i3y A.i.1. Hose 1,aSoratory I:lin?);er 15L 0 -0 "76: ~~u~/cvffAto///,e drAw~X,,/,,,ilSn dgc,;.oLo/po;,,,$. 'PHS .=?ecommended max. "'PHs Max. A//*00 ble -- .- Cord No. /, Card Co/urnns /7-75 (iicapd Ma. 2, Cud CO/~*~,S/7-75 Sangling ?oink Surfzce of Sarina &it/, //o. Ccliectec 3)r V , Xevt 03 Dzte IIxlTjx~lil-16 - Aralqsi s 31 A, !.I, zose Date lT~x[ijOl[xlsjsl I . (*~MJ 5~y, I.a'aoratory :,>;?bey 1536 YEA^?) i''J7E: VCI;;CO/ d'*u"i~ ACAY JAO- /'-Ah eF Ao&r/po;nf $% a'* .'- ~,YS2 ecom mended max. da'~~~~ax.AIIOU~~~P Ccrd NO. /, Cord ~o/umns/7-75 ilic0,-d No. 2, Cocd'Co/umns /7-75 I I r;S/~op as zhown 81' -7 . ril MA- .. ,, ,,,, (717-13 :ole,-, uur;:s \//sijr)* l(Cortductance (rrc mbo/cn) ml Q! 17-10 , , #T)* ] 1 1 1 ~j 19-22 111 :~-biLLty>U' J \- i~iCkloric?es (2 50)' MZI-14 S clics, mlor a1 (50G))* ml z3-2~ Sodium []oli5-22 1 11127-30 'I SOUds, 'Jalatile I ?J~=ss~-M illall jr?dl - 11-31. )O)/j ~-j+ ;arton Di okds --- '1 r; or;' 22 1 1 8!14]?4-3~'"1, mCjl~13~ :E i i?:?os2hatcs SOL^/^ or:h c ) 1 11 2,7 :j 37-39 lil 35 -41 ?lial:~i:'.ty, Tots1 as Ca;g3 /--1 ,S.&-~L be~(2 SO)~ 1 I Ii.; 1I g.L.40-4) j .. Kzrdness as c&a3 1~,5lLcon d?- 4+ 1T-I t alci~m /p-Fl,;i ++-47 11IiiA1uninum 1145-47 ,jt;fl& -51 ILrJO)l/d0-f0 ?bg>=s?.un l$ii trooen, Anrnonia f (as j* Irn mp*$- ;L itrogen, Nitrite Wjl))jlil3 3 11 0 1 1 155-57 111 hzzzarsse (0, t5) "C li,Jiitrogens Nitrab ($92 I )0!)9)5/%-57 ($, a,)% @, 05)*3+ lTi~-/id-W I ~rser.ic I!!/, i I 5e-~3 -aoron \niL(i/j~-~i !1~~49 I1 I I 1 I 11 ( / lb9-'15 f~~l~?!l - -/ i A ill ------I_ CnnoNo. IIIzI~ Name of Water ~urp]~t'illcali Xie SYJTENNO. rnxjll-'12-6 County hlce S~MPLEI;D. NO. ml-9 Saurce !/ell 5N-1 ///RA~l~airr~o, 3 bci~o, (i;a~nrrnr~ 0'0 ------Samplj ng Point Well Head Bottle NO. V. Ccllecteci Newton Dzte Analysis i3y A.11. Hose I aboratory I:v??ber 1535 .- -0 N076: Do"h/c vefL,o/ /,he deA-/.-JAOWJ /ocoA;n J/ Q&~,&~/~~;,.,L 'PHS 2 ,corn mended rnax. ' PHS Max. All* &a ble ~ardNO. /, Cord Co/umns /7-75 l1lcapd No. 2, Cord Cobmns /7-75 rfl3/<- 0 r- 0s L-,-S.;I; color, ~cniis (nc nho/cm) 17-20 Twbidity, JTu (2 50)" rp~q-~l~~-~~ 7 Solids, Total [TI25- ZB Soli ds, '203 atile ;,?etas siw, - I?ii Di P-34 Carbon oxi.de ] - iP.tuorj de 1 8'6- PH ;i,osphat,cs 6oluAie 0rih O) - 37-39 Alkalinity, Total cs CaCrJ3 --. ,Sdfates (2 SO)" Hardness as CaC03 42- 44 Calcium biagnesi urn Zf (0.3)~ ,,Iron Manzanese (0, 05)' Arsenic (0.0,)" (0.~5)** ~~[~~is-bl Boron ---70-75- urr-..wlr dl n l C DUhnU QL, iltALln 22 -Mineral ---. - _---Content- ---_-_ of-~ater ___ CURD/I/O. m-- Name oi Wa-ley Sup~ly Alkali SYS~LMff0. K]x County Mie $4 M PL E NO, IT]7-9 Source Well 18~-1 1 256 PTFO, 3 ELFPJD,OABANDONEO -. . -. 0'0 ------Sampling Point I.!ell head Bottle NO. Ccllected & V. Nelrrton Dzte Analysis i3y A.W. Hose Labors tory l:vl?her 1535 -- 7b76: ver#;co/hhe AeAv 3Aow /'co//& 0,f dee/ho/po;flfd 'PHS 2 ecom mended max. '.i;. PHs Max, A//*&a bfr - .- cord No. /, Card Co/umns 17-75 vR:GJ;i s:,i ~0~23(37 ix~iT3 23 ?J..ir.e?a'L Con:er,t of xattr ------.-_-____ _ / / - xme yairr s~~~J.~Alkali rdie(%st ?lot $1) Y,.I 1x1 1 1 11- Countu Lake 11,~pMpLp-TJ, 110, I I i 17- S aurc 3 // I , CcUectca 4. VCN Date ~x[~/x~]~~-lC Ara7jsis 3j A.W. Rose Eate x I==/x ]m[ (M~NTN Do ~02) I.aboratory Xv~ber 1Lq6 , , --. - /7075: DauO/e YC~+~CO/&he ~C/OY +C- E/rc,;ro/po;n& *FGS Recornmend.& mar. **P~?s Mcz. Atle~ablr a ,.TI e (nc nho/cm) 8fly 0 1 0 0 c;;; (2 50)" Ii2//-z~ 1 I Il 125-23 Solids, Volatile [TI27-3i Carkon 9j cxiua [mf- G*ik:$ or t Lo) b2)) 1 y- 53-4- Alkaliniiy, Total as CaZ93 (Z SO) -1 I loill j4t-4~ Iqqq5- tra~en,honi a IS- - trogen, ~itritt -51 trogen, fitrate (49* /o!/2~- 11) 1 1 / Boron r !a 17 li -- 17:-- - A,';!. Eose AT~Qsi s 31 Cate '~[X~~XJ6 j 91 cord NO./, Card CO/Y*~S/7-75 cuPd r/,. 2, Cord Co/Mmns /7-75 6 SmpEnX ?oink iYat.?r Level 16' B~tt!t?/YO. 11- j6 CcEetzec 3y Dept. of Ceo ?C Xin Ind Dzte rn,I x ITIx Xraljsis af xl~m Cate /T~X~IIX~~- , 10 1 'r"h's Zcwnmended max. * *PHS Mdx. PII~CJObl.' So7Uds, Yala'ile CsrScn Dj sx5 da Alkalinity, Tc E !I 1 IW - i I Cr 11 Id01151 J '4 Ag 0.04 Hg 9 K?Z,YARYS ------. .-.- - --. - ~ncL-3 SIAICXMAJ ur ~l;rr~~ic 27 ,5',=r?;al Content or" :liakr ------.--I__-- I r I I i ._.-. - --- - i.%JZ?T sr5::i?.' d'v,:-:*g vi-. i :.,fit of 32-,cr Z.;p!y - ' -A2 I! fl C~hnt9 \JA,WPLF ID. )/o. I ' Kale F I// :>G~TE~3 SCE~~O, C~;~AN~O*CO TIl S =urcc ------Ld--- 7 Sznpling ?oink fiater Lev21 22 ' Bu~Y~/YO. - zept of Ceo & :,ih ~nd, rn[~jL/3/[~(7(O(11-16 CcUected 3y Date Anal~sisity AZT Date x TIx m[ (~onn, DO . yra~)' I abara t org ?:u~'ber I7m - ,%rr: c/~o/>ver-,c~/ /:he b'JAW /bcoi/k 4J~e/&o/po;n#. 'P~S 2 ecommcndi.d mar0. **PPS Max. Pilauable / as ~hgwe11 m~/& gp 9x ,'r:wn ri17-18 . , 05)" I/ color, nvtts 1, Conductance (mc mko/cr.)- #-. ,* I I 19-22 (2 50)* dioi Car30n Dj oxide ha) 112 14 ?fi hosphates or+ 10 \ 37-37 Alkalinity, Total as CaC03 dfmatts (2 50)' Gzrdness as C&O3 ificon - Calcils;n Eag;2."sil:a\ Tr-ioi iO3j" ,,Ircrn . Manzaness cu I 1cIlol ,i B cz-ca '0l\ xi! I i +.- ;,9f Cr r 3 I ! 1 ?-\I' i !I I \ Aikali Lake Auger 3rilli-3 ./---./I i iY[)j- .Jam 25 'dater S~1.rpl.y - 'IS 13,tI r /f/ C). /\ 'Lke !Is~MPLE -, - -! Count3 I TD, 40, -. . Source Hole ,% 11; &w, -13~~i~O,3 ~LFP:., CPLMVM*COL '3 - -- - . ------~~~x,~~'Nater Level ist ..- Boft/e /YO. Dept. of Geo. Hin Inds. 13 1 7 01 11-1'. Ccll~ctea3y Dtte _I XI I 3JXI 1 A1,V7i Analysis 3y Date 10 17 lX,l~15 1x1 71 01 'P~S ,Zrc~m mended mox. * * P~sMax. Ai/euajle ' * i cord NO. /, Card Cdumns /7-75 Ji(ccrrdNC. 2, Cod CJumn~ 17-75 01 dr 0s 3~0~0 mz/& or 95 -'r;s-rn . I/ nuolar, 17-18 17-10 UR;IS mi \Conduct=-ce (TC mhoD/cn) 1-1 a 21-24 .wI .I~:,,vJ ((5,\* 19-22 I I/ [mu 1' Chlorides J (5CS)* ~\'Z~-Z-LLI/ P/5- 28 SO?.~~S,'i05~ll li SO~J.U~ SoUZs, Volz?ilo Carbon Dioeda Likalizity, Total as CaC03 f- I pipl 17% \.iLf.t . 31 CountY 'I -. 7- S~UTCZ Hole #9 I\ _ .3C+T+D, 3 ~LFPID,C;~A*OO"FO n ;c .------SampGnppoint '~ate~Level 7;' do??/e~h. CcUected 3y Dent. of Seo and wir!Ind. Data A'fl ArAjsis 31 Date [0)7/x[oIxj7 10 [ Day, y-2. I abora tory >:v~'cer 1702 (Md"7~, Lieu>//r veritcd /,nc ddvJAW /dcoh& 4E/ecl~r/po;n~. 'FHS 2 ec smrn ended max. * *PHs h?@x. P//sui~ble Card Ah. /, Card Columns /7-75 I,Icopd Na. 2, God Cdumns /7-75 mg/~, 0' 0s own / / ma/+ or 35 --F:%-tc color, inits (15)~ m17-'a Iconiustanie (nc nio/m) , 1 \7-20 I-,, (5) TurbiOity, U I11?-22 111ill~b~cridcs (Z 50)* /=7-&J-1512//1-24 Solids, Total (500)~ m/jwz6 '1i Sodi.un m)31-~~-13 SaUds, Volatile 1x1 L? -j / Carbon 3i oxide 111 Ga/d/e 0riLo) mp Alkalinity, Total as CaC03 (Z SO>* /a 1634 Id?-44 - Calciun 1jC5 i311q trogen, h0ni.a trogen, Nitrite l0/(4151 (c sj* m9 B LZ-6.3 [-I [-I -F3 111 f- Cr 40111 1 1 ] 67-75 .. I / I I (11 I 4'2 I kliI.I -- i7s Ag 4.0-02 Kg< 2 RZWAR~S ----.- -a ---. .------CXZ(229 3TA.fk ZCAAD CF :GAL72 30 -FLir..rsl ----- Content- cr" iiater -- ii C&D /h, // i~li Alkali -lake-Auger Crillizg, ! 1 '!me of +iiar ~upp:,~ 3 iFNo (I-!-- - caunty ~~a;cP / SPWLEID, ,YO. 1717-9 s 3urc e Hole ;i10 I2ay ZT?&,~TFD,3 ~LEP~O,bbtmornco 1 ------lo sampling?*int ';later Levy1 9 I Bottle NO. $10 CcUgcted i3y Deot, of Geo, & ~13Ind, Date l-Xj.lX~x~1 Am Amusis 3j Date inbora t ory F;unber 1703 /Yor=: Ubuuie veff ~CO/hke 6ehw /dCp//2y) ,+L dec,h0/go/.m$, 5 ,~HSZcc3m mended max. . Sol2 ds, TJ~latils Cirton Di ok6s Jlhlinity, Total as CaCO3 itrogen, -4moni.a Ag < 0.02 ttgL2 ------,-.- - J?F~~ARKS ------STATEDETARTMENT OF GEOLOGY AND MINERALiNDLISTRlE5 yoas arArx OFFICZ BUIUJ~H~ PORTUNO 1. OREGON I i ! &?la received Jw 29, 1970 mu imxz, Cbcmisk wysis rsauestad Sodium and Potassicm I r ! i Lab. lia. I &un*l!.s Yarhsd Rasults of Analysis I Bamsxks STATEDEPA~TMENT OF GEOLOGY AND M~NERALINDUSTR~ES 1009 FTATt OFFfCX SUILDlM4 PQRTLAND 1. OREGON zalysis ~squaatedLaac.dole S~ESand Potassiun ..- hb. 2%. I -la wkd1 Rasults of Mysia ~marxs SE& See U, 3=, 22E Lake Cs n n n n R e s# b I I* n A n , n n n n n I) u n 1 I S Car Ses 18, m, 2373 Lake Co I* w w I n I) a e II ts n I) It m 1 I) w n fs s m3~aSec 1, 3@S, 22E Lake Ce n u I) n n w n n s;v$~E$ Sec 4, m, 232 Lake Ca a n IY n t STATE OFFICE BUILDING a P.O. SOX 231 PORTLAND, OREGON O 97207 TOM MdALL GOVERNOR Mr. Vernon C. Newton, Jr. Petrof.eun Engineer A V. JACXSCN. 0.0. Rdnr State of Oregon foncr Grow Departaent of Geology and 'SATPICf K. RCSE. M.D. V'! ?maidant Minerd. Inciustries Mlrd C3NWD N. .kC3PINELL, 1069 State Office Building hndV;cr halaant Pcnrrnd Portland, Oregon EDWAPO kc. ANOERSON &0m8 Dear Mr. Newton: & BRANOT BARlEL.5. MO. kafard JOSEPH E. BURNS Mwniston Below please find the results of the soil ?H dete-mi~ationsperforned WLESS. CLHPSELL, M.O. by this laboratory. hirm 4 ROIIERT I. OPUG%ii(TY, M.O. bornon The soil samples were received on 19 Fay 1970 and the deterninztions completed on 25 h!ay 1970. Degth in Feet pR Detz-mination ' dWMO PQEJS, .H.D. Purrnd 1 61 S.cnrarv and lo. Snr iha~lhOifi-r 2 19 -79 3 11.03 4 11,25 u -08 U. 27 11 ,18 11.42 10.89 U -06 10.51 10 59 10.28 10.59 10 .og 10.l9 Olav l.ieri.10 Chief Chemist Occu?ational Health Section TIOCATIG?I 3i4 S~V$Sec 5 T3GS R 23E ALmL!E @20' Toga C~NGRSC~I~J &inch set at 129 ' 4 Sand ar,d silt with scco coarse grains, Brm ~iltyclay vith so~eczlic5e. Sand, fine grainsd, silLeecxs, Claj and silt, gray, Sand, fine grained, ~rithclay and silt. Silt with fine s~nd. Tdf, fice sar.6~~rzy silt7 ~ithscr~ drilled cp Eh::ci.ite. Tuff, rhyolitic, gray, Tuff, sari$-, ggren, ~Lthroucded siliceous grains. and o~alizcna teria1, kff, sane, red 7rLtk zycll+,ic 2nd cpline material. Tuff, 2s above with FW.~Z~GUSmaterial, wa tnr bearing, . . MCQI~ISFtSS-,' Sec 1C T3E 2 23E ATJ-JTLQE L22Gt To70 DATE DFUUD 1352 DPJT~r; tooksber~j-Eobinsoc CXS~G=corn %inch set 2% U1with 6-inck hole to tot,al depth. Thickness Description of &!aterial Y3U?!G ALLL~TILY: UC! Silt and c7iay xith sand, calichf? strczks, lavz rock seooles, silk-oc slr,ter an6 fine volcar,ic ash, uray and brm, Sand silty, Zrziy, fine to neuun grained. Silt, ash;:, grajr. Rhg'olite and rkjolitic ?,ufr". A~eesite(?) , lava rock. Tuffa, A;ith sme thln 5azalt rock included and ~uch?.:;?line silica. ALKALI LAlG ";ZU- LOSS Bonne-rille Pmor Ahconducted a sturiy of th9 saline dqasits of AX-alE. Lzke in 1952. The project was under the s~pervisionof the 35-ersity of Por",land. T10 holss yere drilled 3n Ecie 7av~I-;it7,eyhad at Alkali Lake; 07.e 270' dee? at tho south end of tk? ?lap, and or.e 'ASr d?~?a5 the north end of the pkja. The soutnorn moil flowed at a rate of 30 ga'hns ?er zizuts and the northern well flowed at a rate of 150 gayons per minute, Scae of the sanplos from the south pnd wnll were sk~C.4b;r tiic 3ept of C.+~lag-jand ;.iixeral Ind and a?rP fnund to be: LL ? 45 - 175' Andesi te. - 175 - 185' $a~?lsstoo S~C?:T 53 205 - 213' Class shards. 60 210 - 219' Clivine basalt. 56 219 - 230' Basalt. 73 230 - 2h5' Basalt, Srmriisk red, sltercd. R.S. ?Jason file, k;l=:;st 9, 1952 BOLZ 110. 1 DATE July 29, 1969 ='E:i.4TI CPI YfATE2 TATEL s:.l helm scrf ace Alkali Siltz ahitish tar?, fr5able, calcareous* ' with zany very fine angular frap-ents of' black Silty Clay, ~edi~ziggra:ri,sh green, stice tritb abundant, sr.all angular fr.a-7.l-nts of black mizsral or rock (volea~ic~ebris), calcareous.% As above described. Plastic Clay, izedilm - dark greenish krmwith scattered mall angular frar.ents of Slack mineral or rock (TTolcanic ~ebris), calcareous .% As abc-re desc,r'LSed, with -thin layers of hard pan at 13 - 16' and Id - 20'. Plastic Chk, da~kgra-~Lsh Srm mtfi scattered sorall ang~larblack frap.ents of miceral or rock (Volcanic\ ~ebris),slightly cal~areous~% * Effervescence in dil~tsky.lroc:?lwis acid is described as being cslcareous hmever, nany of the carbonates effer7:eszs in acid including the evaporite ninerals trona and natrcn, DESCRI?TIC?I S OF AUG= SALPUS HOLE INO. 2 DATE July 31, 1965, LEATICN In the vi_cinity of Test Plat #1 EI,ZJATI CII WATER LETEL C??E.3 C. Eichan DESCRI?TIC):IS 9Y V, Xewton Alkzli Silt, grayish tan, verl fine, clayey nith many very =all angular I"ra~cr.tsof bhck mineral or rock (l~olcanic~ebris) , ef fervoscas in ChteHCL, 3 -61 Alkli Silt, brownish gray, as ahuotre. 6 - 9.' --Silt, nhitish gray, fine, friable, wit3 scatter~d mall angular frag-cnts of black mineral or rock (volcanic ~ehris), ef fervcsces in dilu5.s HCL. Silty- Clay, seciiun gray, nith scattered very sail zngular fragments of black nb,cr31 or rock (~olcanic ~sbris), strongly effasrascent Lrl dilute HCL. Silty Clay, medim geed& gray, as above, vith thin hard strpaks of evaporite, -Clay, xediuzz greenlsn gay niLth scattered ver~fine angular frzpents of black mineral or rock (Volcanic Debris), effervesces in dilute ECL. Eea-sr Clay, medim - dark greonis'n gray .r;i',h scatter- ed fine frapents of black nir?er=i or rock ('lolca?ic ~5'oriz), ef ferve tccs in clil-~ta!iCL, Clayey Si., mc2it~igray, veFJ Zinc, firz, with scull. angular fraLnents above described, effe,r;ssces in dilut~ECL. Thin "3rd lay-lr at 25'. ALKALI u-a HCiLENO. 2 TIATE LCCATICPI ELFJATICPI YIATEB LEVEL . DAXILm DESCRXPTiG?lS BY Sample Depth Description of lla terial 27 - 30' No recovery. Eeavy Clay, dark grayish brm, ef lervesces in dilute ECi. Heavy Clay, dark brm, organic (?)', slightly ef.lervescent in dilute HCL. LCChTIC3 In L3e Vicinity of Test Sits IZE7Al"mI WAT~LwL 20' frcm ths ;rot122 sl;lrt'zce Sznple Depth o -. 361 The original 4'' hand auger hole 7as deepened to 36 on 7-31-69. it hard pan -as encoantered at 20' and cantinu4 to a?pr&r,ately 21i1. Ths lmer portion of t5s' hole consisted. of a heavy, plastic, greenish gray Clay. (See '!later Analysis by State Eealth Lab) :-%.,, r~zlcll ---25 lost, s~;slezent lade 1-7&-7? j HOLE 110. L D,I~ Aug.st 1, 1969 LE~ITIO;;~ 5',7* SZ~Sec 6, T 33 S,. R 22E Lake County U,&A TIG~: ll!LTm LEVEL ~t Surface - ~lmsciday aftar lt vas aall~d, D~~LLERC. Fichan , DE.SCRIFTIO::s BY V.C. ?k;vton Descripticn of Faterial Sand ad Silt; tan zolor, fine grain&, consists of volcvlic dshris. Fine Silt7 Sad; rndalla gray, loose, wicksand, 'kter ms encou~teredat 6 feet, Sand consists of volcdc debris. ----Clsycy. Sllt; ~ihitichpay ~thoccasicnz!, valc fra~i.ients.Strong ef fer~yescenccin dF1. HCL. Tutf~cao::s-_ - Sac.?,;-- lig!~tgray, fine grain, consists of al;c;uiar ~'eldspsrand su'cacc~lar~air.~ of basalt ar.5 *rolcar,ic glass, !!od?:-ate ef ferv. in IiC1. AS Above exce;~t or;ly slightly eff~r.7. in Esl, Clayey-- -- Xi1.t; ;;hitish gray zlth scattered pieces of volcar,ic t;;tcrial. S-Lrong efferv In dil 31, As- kbotrc ~~ccptmoderatsly effev in dil ECL, Taffacsocn S2~d;t2.n color, flns-zedi~zz grain, cczsistins of feldsp~and fra5~crit.sof basalt and volcenic glass. (!lay, ~rhitic'r.;gray, plastic, occaslcnal pieces of --volcznic r:!:;t;cri:~l. Fair ef fen ir! Cil YCI. Tuff,;ceo;*.-, S;:r.cl; light .gray, silt;., r?d. grzin, ' =,v;iC;- scattcrsd pieces of basalt and volcarLc glass. ?to cffervcscence in dil I!Cl, Clay;----. crca:!i:h gray, plastic, ~.f.thoccasLon.2Lpieces of volc2r.F:: r.atc:-izl. Slight e?fz-,.tr in lil XC1, n -. -.lufl^;.cec.cr ---- ?.1:1d; v;;-,il;is:? Erzy, rlne, ~ilcL:.~,v;iLl ccst tczec:l picccs of tl.t.,?lt ar.C -~~1~~~.lc~lass. t!odcr;:t.c - st:-o:;; c Cl.aye;:---. Silt; li~htgrz;r, seai-plzstic, wtth fine p15ci.s of f'cldspr ar,d basalt scattered tbzcugh- out, !!oderzt.ely ei'ferv in dil IiC1, 1;cht Tuffzceoils Sari?-;---> Silt. gray, consisting of feldzpr ar,a voicaniz dzbrls. CIaye:i' Silt- light greenish Gray, -xi*. scattered fra~~.-t-:ttsof feldspzr ar,d basalt. Ecdcrately Clayey S;:nd; light gray scattared fra.:cnts --a --a of felSspar a?.:! basalt. Ilod~ratel:; cffe-rv in KC:, toss Sil';. S22?- gray, .Tuf f~c------.- -' ccdLun Cine, czr.sis+- ing of i'el:!s?sr 2r.d b5~215. Fair cfferv in dil IiCI, ~IOLZNO. 6 DA T.2 August 21, 7,970 LXi',TICI:I SE~SE~ Sec U, T 3CE, R 223 We County DPJLU22 30n Baqgs DESCilIPTICXS BY V.C. 3errt4n S~mleDepth Description of l!aterial Silty Clay; hicash gray, semi-plastic. Xodurate effervesence in dl. X1, 3 - 61 Fine Sane Silt; whitish gray, ccntains fine subanguh grains of' feldspar and basal+,. Moderate effervescence in dil, EC1, 6 - 9'. As Above. 9-12' As Above. 12 - 15' Silty Clay; liznt tan color, smi-plaatic, cantains fine subangular fragments of feldspar and basalt, Pair efr'emscence in dil, HC1, As Above; moderate effmvesence in dil. HC1, Sample appears to' contain a fair percentage of evaporite. 21 - 2L' Silt,- Cla ; light grse~zhgray, piastic. Fair +e remescence in dil. XC1, 2b - 27' CZay; creazs coh, plastic, contains scattarad fine fragments of subangk basalt, Fais ef femzc- ence in dil, HCI. t Silty Clay; dark groenish gray, plastic, contains fine subangular pieces of basalt. lioderata to strorg efferrescenca in dil. HC1. Appears to contain a fair percentage of evaporite. L~),TIc;; South a Cor Sec 20, T jC5, R 23E Laice County 0 - 3' Fice Silty Sand; light '+an color, cwposed of feldspar, basalt and volcanic glass. Fair effen- escence in dil. EC1, As Above; appears +Yd contain a fair percenbge of evaporite. Uoderate eff~rrsscsncein &l. HC~.' No Recovery. Fine Sandy Silt; 'light tan color, contains fragments as above. Yoaerate effe.-srescence in dil EC1, Fir.e Silty Sand; light tan color, fefdspathic rri,~hTine fra~entaof suSan@ar basalt. Uobtrata effervescence in dil, ECI. I Fine Sandy Silt; light tan cohr, contains fins to nedim size fragslenta of feldspar and basalt, Fair eifervescence in el, XI. No Recovery. Clayey Sand; Ught gray, fine feldspatihic, cantafna scat+&rad pisces of basalt. Stror!! effervescence in dil. SC1, IIOL': EIO. 7 DAE August 21, 19 70 LCC A TI ON - Z,DIA TI051 . WATm LEVEL Sa~pleDeath a& greenish gray, contains of basalt and feldspar. Amears to contain a fair percsntage .of- evaporite, Strong effemscence in dil. EC1. I 36 -. 39 ' Clayey Sand; dark grenish grajr, fins ta mdium grain, composed of feldspar aiid baaait, sse fine fragnrents of cinrabar, Strong aZfemscsnca in dil HC1, Silty Sand; dark greenish gray, fine t;, medium, feidqathic and contains fragnents of basalt, occasional fine piece of cimbar. Strop4 effmes- cenca in dil HC1, Clay; grsenish gray, soft, cmbins grains of r'blldspar and basalt. Yobr?rta effemescencr, in dil. HC1. Silty Clay; greenish gray, contains sparsely scattared fine framents of basalt. Yoderata effervescence in a.ECL silty Clay; greenish my, coctains sass Tins grains of feldjpar and basalt, Xeeam to contain a fa- peresntage of e~aporita.Strong effervesc- ence in dil. HC1. I!OE $10. 8 DAE August 21, 1970 LOCATICE: corner of Sec 10, T 3=, R 233 Uscounty S.x?le Ce?th Description of Zateriai Fine Sand; wnitish gray, fe~paticxith fhe subangular pieces or" basalt, Yodmate effemacence 3 - 61 Ckyey Silt; ~hiti~h'gay,contains scattered fizc fra.jenfb of basalt. Uodarate to strong effmeac- ence in dl. HC1. 6-99 FLne Sandy Silt; ~MtLshgray, coatain~fire fragzsrrts of basalt, %oderate to strong e2fen%sccncsin di7 9 - 12' Cbyey Silt; creaor cdor, contains a fsrr acatbred pieces of feldspar and oaealt. Clayey material +a Alkali Lake seabents .results frm devitrificaticz of volcanic glass and alteration of fzldspar. Xodsrate effsrrescesca in dil, XC1, As Above; moderate to sL-ong eff~r~ssctncain dil, HCI. -43 Above; Fa-i eff&rvuscencs in dil HCI. A3 Above, Silty Clay; light cay, plastic, contains scattsred fine grains of basalt, $10 effenoscenca in 'dil tZl. Silty Clax; Ught tan, contaim scattered fina grains of feldspar and basalt. Strong effertescenes in dl, HC1, riou NO. 8 August 21, 1970 LXATICX Clayey Silt; medium gray, cantaha fine fragaents af baaalt, bloderate to a'krong afferrasceace in dil. HC1. I No Recovery. No Recovery. Clayq Silt; whitish pay, plastic, con+~Lisfins pieces of bamlt. Moderate effmscence in dil, HC1, , L5-ba' Ira - 51' Clay- Sand; dark gr-a, fice, hose, felQpaac, . . contains fine piscts of basalt, j10dezsta effar~e~cmce in dil. HC1, rioE NO. 9 DA~AU~~JS~ 21, 1970 LOCAT1O;d l~dliNE~ Sec 1, T 295,. R 22X Lake County CPJLLE? Don Bsgg3 DESCilIPTICZS BY V .C. N- Description of t:ateri~l Fine Sandy Silt; cr& color, canbins fina I fragments of basalt and feldspar, Xoderate to strong effervescence in dil, As Above, As Above, Silty Sand; light gray, fine feldspathic, conbins fine subangular frapenta of basalt, Yoderate effervescence in dil, HCl. Silty Sand; gragiah gieen, a&= to fine grain, feldqathic and contains small fragzents of baaait and sane crystals of evaporita, Strong effervescence in Oil, HC1. As Above. CLayey Silt; grayish green, ad-p7aatic, conkina scattered small pieces of basalt and fine uf feldspar, Sample appears to con-ttfn a fair percentage of evaporite. Strorig effemescence in dil. HCl, As Above. As Above. As Above. HOLENO. --9 DA E August 21, 1370 EL~J,ITI~I YIAT!!T~LEVEL SanQ Silt; greeni& brm, semi-plastic, fine, contains altered grains of feldspar. Sample appears to contain a fair percentage af evaporite. Strq effervescence in dil, ECI. I Silty Cby; greenish bram, plastic, conbins £Lye subangular pieces of basalt, Moderate effertescence Clayey Silt; brdsh gray, plastic, con*ains fine pieces oi basalt and feldspar. kderata to atrong Silty C ; gr~enishgray, noderate efferrescmce dl. HOLE NO. 10 DATE august 21, 1370 LEATIO;J SH~NE~ Sec &, T 29S, R 23E Lake County S)FJLT~; Con Baggs DESCKI1TIC:S BY V*C- ?kvrixn Fine sand; light gray, loose, consists of subanyiar fragnenta of basalt, feldspar and volcanic glass, Moderate effervescence in dil, HC1, 1 Fine Silty Sand; light tan, ccmposed as &me, few pieces of reddish zeolite. Moderate to sL-om- effervescence in dil, HC1, As Above. As Above. Fine Sand; light gray, felda~athic~th scattered ma3. subangular fragments oZ basalt. Strong effucp- escenca in dii, EC1, . .- No Recovery. Fine Sand; as above. As Above. As Above. As Above. No Recovery. Fine Sand; as above. IIOU NO. 10 Fine Sand; as above, Wtgray color. Color change may be due to ,lass basaltic material. Hit hard lay2r - ca~el?.Could not drill any deeper ~thauger. IIOLE NO, '3 L03ATIa1 Sec 18, T30S, R 22E 0 - 6' clay Silt; tan color, tuffacaaus, containa angular fragmentrs of valcaxic glass acd basalt. Slight eff srrescenca in dihta EC1, I Silty Cla light green, Wfacwus, contains +;vo canic debris as abcoe, Slightly eZfmeecdr ClaySilt; xhitish gray, tuffaceas, contains fine angular fragnenh of basalt and white as'& No sample recover&. Clay Silt; gar, tuffaceas, contains volcaadc debris as abwe* Strong dfar~escence. 21 - 241 'clay Silt; as &we. Fair dfemescance. 24 - 27' clay; brcuniah green, plastic, tuffacecrus, volcamc debris as above. 27 - 30' Ch7; bruwni3h green as abmc. Strong eii-mescenca. % Effar~escamein dilute El used to iniicate amount af evaporita in samples. HOLD, NO. 12 DA1Z January21, 1971 LCCATIOX NR* See 12, T 303, R 22E Silt7 Sand; buff color, tru'facsoun, contains very r'ina fragaent8 of fsldspar, qoartz, d basalt. mong in UteHCL Clay Silt; light gra7, plastic, =f aceoas, contain8 volcanic debrfs as abme. Fair effer- - Clay Silt; ligfrt gag, tuf,Ps ems, contains fine fngments of ~01cd.cdebris above* Fair effsr- Silt7 C137; light gray, tuffaceas, contains abwe volcanic dsbris- Strcrg effervescence. Cky.Silt; light gay, tuffacams, contains very fine frawnta of basalt, Fair ez'femescenca, 15 - 187 No recmery of saqle (;rater satmat4 zone). Mtta. 27 - 30' %; ligfit greenish gay, plastic, tuffacsous, contains v'olcanic debri~as before. Stmng % eff emescesce. Eff enescsnca in dilnte HC1 used to i~dfcsteammnt Of evaporite in samples. Silty Sand; light gray, very fice, contaizls ~olcanicdebr'is. Silt; dzrk grzerrisn grq. 12 - 24' Clq; bhshgreen, plastic, tuffacems, conA&os very fi3e frapents of volcarric debris. Fair effenescence. Efiarreacsnce 13 dihta EC1 used to iacats amount of maporits in aqh. DESCitli-"IlOti.'; 07 J!L;Ci:I! S,'::.!?LTCS (Far huger) IroLe rro. It' 0 -38 c4Silt; Ught gay. Chy; grafiah Daen graenisn bm, scme peak in lcrer sectiab Vitlic Tnff ; ,garish xiA,te,. ver7 bard, Sw wera saint just abm? the tuff but no ntw sqla co7.1l.d 'be obWn&. rlth t;?e hand auger stagmd at the tali as it was tm hard ta penabrate. Effm&ce in dilute El used to izd3rats am~nntof maparite in sqlas. HJJX NO. 15 DA 13 3anau-y 22, 1971 0 -3' Siltj Smd; light payis3 tan, t.;t3iac~s, contaim fa&-, qaartz and basalt I'rapents. Fair to strong effarrescenca in dilute EL, Sile Sand; m &me, Caae volcanic glass he, Cb7 Silt; light gray, tuff acema, cantaim very fine particles or' oolcarrie dabris. Pair effezc veac&cer -Silt 3 medirtla my, tur"fa-8, ccmtailrlng f aid- mar, quartz and basalt frapentar.Fdr to strccg . , - ~~~STI~BSC~IICB. SilQ Saod; light bm, 7- ,fine, ccntains grab ox' f aldspar, quartz, basalt ax4 whit8 ash, Fair to atrocg eff er~escrn.ee, -SI2.t; Uqht gay, clayey, Far to atrung eff eroescenca. -. s;light gay, clayey, tuffzc~xla,as abcpe. -Silt; as a'owe* No aqla rtcwtred, Ho sample recmerad. IIOJdE NO. If; EI,~VATI GI FIATlR LEVEL Clay Silt; Xght tu-frcecu. F&r erL ~esctnce, Efmascence in &hte El used to iacata apomt cf aaporita in samples. De2artzent of Geology and ?.liner21 Izd~siries Auc~st8, 1972 This sup?lenent >as Seen reg-lred for the puTosa of inco- ora at ins datz develcned sfter prtb1ishir.g 05 ',>e ini5lz.l re2ort i~ 1971. Several more auger >ales hz-?e Seen drilled and che3ics.l tests cade of fluids and soil saaples. ?::ellre ait;.r holes ::$re cased v52h 3" glastic pipe to be used is xozi tor :101es for ,iz:er-tz'de riexsurenents 221 c:??.nces in chenical conpsition of ths 3rir.s ool. Tie gcoiogic mp ::as enlnged and t5en \ hr.d colored. 3e-mrzl of the c3arts and ftpres o t::e ori;inal re?ort hz~rebeen r,o?.i_'ied ta include recent inforrm.klon. Tie follo~F-.; coi.:ze?,ts on annlyses , eoiozr3 tgdrolo,y, together with recozne::5~lio~sshoule jc useful if 2d2.i tional iz-~esti,sations are .uricle~tz!!en rela2;L-~eto dis?osnl ~f chenical :.iastes 2t Ali.,ali W auger -"_Anal-;s-s - Ctezic~izml:r~es ;;ere -run on s;:zslos f-3; the Tour new holes drilLed or2 the +.-jz. Tests !;/ere made to 2etenine zzourt of sodiurn azd :otessiw. Ln the to? k2' 01 sediae?ts. r7esults of infiltration tests aade 37 OSV ara sttacbied. T~eyshot; the Fnflltrztlsn rate of vater into tpic?l soil fro: A11;211 >.ke nezz the :.ietalLur~lcaiTlzt Site to be -03'' 2er hour ;u.,i-t-ran inltlal head of 5 incbea. 3escri?tio;.l.s of soils in norther: -2L.x COUT.~~.-37 tke U. 3. Soil Co~-ser-i,?5lo:: Ssr-nlce are also inclu 14 test hclos tliis >-st year t3 es';.blish a task for co;-~zrisonsvLth Geology - The geology of the northern Lake County was discussed in the original report and not a great deal more can be said except to mention the proainent lake terraces which describe at least thee main periods of moist climate when the lake level was static long enough for waves to cut benches on the steep slopes around AlkaU Ldce. No offsetting vas noted in the terraces so it is unlikely that much fault displacement has occurred in the past 20,000 years. Auger holes l!os. 10, 14, and 20 bottomed in a hard silicious layer originally described as volcanic ash or tuff, After reviewing the sqle descriptions of deep wells 5N-1 and 189-1 it appears likely that the hard layers were lenses of lime-cerented fine gravel, No ash or tuff should have been reached until a depth of 90' or more. Eydmlom - The regional drainlge appears to be south to southeast but more studies arc needed to substantiate this. ~ndtherdeep test hole should be drilled near the playa and water pressures measured, If fault- I ing does not pr~vcntmigration of grotlndwater froa the Alkali Lake Basin, the undergrotmd waters would likely move very slowly to Lake Abert Basin. a (Tests, 1W1, show Abcrt Iake water contains 67,0(?0 ppdissolved solids, however, deep aq*dfers are probably fresh in the Abert Easin) Hydrologic ' studies should be made of the springs and deep wells in the vicinity of Alkali Lake to deternine g,roundwater ~ovenent. Recornendstions - The studies conducted at Alkdi Iake have fielded t3e infomation sou~htexcept perhaps for hydrologic data. Additional measure- ments of water levels in monitor holes and springs ~houldbe made and a deep test hole drilled prior to granting permission to dispose of chemical wzstes at the prrsent site. Chemical wastes should be phced so they will not migrate to the shallow water under the playa. If such a condition existed, the disposal would not be under control. kcinfall in northern Lake County is reported to be appro-tcly 12 inches per year and evaporation 40 inches per year so there is a deficit of moisture in the soil. Tests by OSU disclosed ' that it took 6 i=ches or more of flooding to drive moisture below 18 inches in the soil. Tnerefore, disposal of fluid wastes on the mar- of Alkali Playa and at an elevation of 10 or more feet above the highest water level should prove safe. Disposal locations south and east of Alkali Lake above elevation 4,1300 feet and in sedimants of the QTs rock unit would give an added measure of safety. These locations are outside of the property now held by Mr. Hunt. It nay be appropriate to consider the playa in trade for lands mderlain by the QTs rock unit bordering Alkali Lake Basin. One last consideration in preparation of the area for disposal operations and the monitoring system is the establisk~entof elevations. P No topographic mapping of any detail has been done in the vicinity of AYLali Lake and this sort of control is essential to development of the site. All springs, wells and facilities should be accurately located. Additional Ee f erence : Trouger, F.D., 1950, Basic Grow-d-water Data in Lake County: U.S. Geological Swey Open Ele Eaport. * r - 'W . L. \ T j .";+\ Dept ~coik blin I~dustr ?:'.\ July 5, 1972 Revised - 1 : P Prob Surface Inflow uept ox Geology & gin, ind ' t!:i;l k, 1972 ALkNI -LAkE FAULT SYSTEM ALKALI U.tZ . Eii HOLES Sand . . Silic. Tuff Layer u Or GREAT BASIX. Anal~scs01 1cu1ci.s iti Chccruucan Ca.jitt, Orcg. Analyses of tvnfer from siz s)r~alllakes nor!h oj Cheuatrccrtr Lasin, I. rt~c~v.u~:.-:iI:.vr.r, 3vcr.1~~0137 COUI~OS~LL'D:I.~~;.Jc.~ by V,m Winkle, rcJ\~cudto Orcg. , - I .,,..I ,.. I. Silver Like. Sot to bc cmIuscd with Jilvcr L~kcof the liarncy Dnsio. 2 '::'.i:, n bw~lerof Sumrzer Lakc. .\n3lyii; by V.?n I\.i!~klr. Annlysis by Van IViaWc. S~n~plctirkeo in 1'312. 3. A: ;r. .to.i:)sis by T. >I.Chat:~rd. C. 5. Ccol. Survey IJull M, 11. 5.1, T4... 2, Fw,l L,rkc. 3. Christm:~Lake. 4 .' ' : 1. : .411clySis by Scill:i.e!l and Clnc1~l:ng. 1531. Cited by Van Winkle. 1 40t. 5 A.. :t 1 kc. .\n?l>>ir b:r F.. 'P. Dunlhlc, I'J~?. Citr~lh). \.~a \\.inklo. t SJIiddlc Alkali Lakc.. .. G. A'-.:; I.-~:L',Febru~ry, 1313. An?lyjis by V-3 IViukle. &.South .~li+i-)i*e-.\na?~dc5 1 to G by J. 0. Smith, U. 9. Depr. .\st. Bull 7. .I . : c 4 by ! n I!,,I. Cilrtl by Vm !:.,. a S. 5 ...I.:+-: L!kc. .4n~lysisby DLT~!?. I%)?. Citcd hy Van I\-inL!.:. I. Par& per million. D Sr.:.l.! t : I.?:,:, 1912. hc2ly,:n by Van \Vln41e. 10. St!.: .:;.': I..tke. .4nnlyris by J. 0.Srliit:~, C. 5. Del>t. Agr. Bull. GI, p. SO. 1914. I. Par@ per nu':;lon. c01...... 180.0 li66 1 so*...... 9.2 CI ...... 3.3 I:B~ Not ...... 21 Tr. POI ...... 81 BIOI Tr. Li...... 1Ig...... Xa.. -...... -...... K...... F2101...... SiOr ...... I I I I IL Percentace cornpositian of dissolved solid,. 1 Aaalysc: 4 :o 3 are state4 in rnlll!.-r3mr, per Li1o;ram. ...... /...I ..... I.---.! ...... I-..... / ...... i ...... 1 ...- TK ...... lo. 13 3. I5 ...... 1 ...... 1 Tr: ...... ,1 ...... 1 'Ti:/ 216 I I I I I I t ...... 2.51: 2. P.3 ...... I ...... O?' ...... ,...... 43 i ...... 9. G, , ->. 07, 39.33 3?.4j' 33.721 33 >3, 31.ij 39. 71, 37. 4i 35. 19 ;...... 133!r' 1 1. 44; I. u I. E4i I. iti 1. il 1. U 1. 52 1, ii In fioe of these onnlrses the detcrnli~intionof silica 1 ~ - was neglected. In waters oi this type, hen-ever, the omission is not serious and mny be ~Iisregarded.~' It is probable th7.t at the time when desiccation Phe rpzcitc c:~v!!y w.1; d,!!ci.rnine.l .r?fsl!owj: began the water of Lake Lnhontnn n-as fnirly uniform 1.3 (I99'C.l ...... 1.01117 1 SO.7 (IS.j0C.)...... 1.0319 in composition, but such urlifornlicy is not sho~nlin 9.4 (15.5' C.)...... 1.03i5 I 40. 3 ...... 1.0.1s I5...... I.oer ' SO.9 (1s' C.)...... 1.0162 its rernaindeis. They differ one frorn another, appilr- I.O(I~~C.I...... 1.0.~~! ently for two reasons. As the ~rcsentc lakes became The annlyss of hhert Lnkc agree very well, esccpt separated, cncIl ono :vns affcctcd b:; local conditions, regnr(1s conceilt~~ntion.So too clo three of those of ~vhichwere, not ever_vwliere the snnie. In the first ~n~nlcrJ.:~kc, but .;tniihls analysis i.; unlike the others. place the occnnic salts wcre unt.\-xlly distributed 'rs his ssillple of water a surface samplc taken ncnr throughout the basin-thnt is, abur,cInnt nt some points c point of iilflus of ;tna River? and relatively scarce 11 t o tl~crs. Secondly, the strernls that fed the present lakes tlif;t.rccl in comp~>.iition,just 3IISOR BASISS. as they clo to-day. IIcnce some of the jokes are richer in chlorides thnn others, a:itI son:? are more nearly Fort11 of the Chcn-l~ucnnbasin there are scvcrul lnll 1akcs for ~vllic11nnnlvscs Iiava been mnllt.. The "For ali;lilion.:l in!nrm~:l?a c:,r,:.irnin; :hd :~'blo;y cf tl~r! 1:ike region or snuth- eJ5tern Orej,ln, s;.c P.:~:scil, 1. C.. 6. J. C:ol. Scr\?y 3t:Il. 2!i. 1933. an.1 1V:rring. nre -r?ilti!)lc Jatn ns follon-s: ) C. .\., U. S. Ceol. Su::-r.y IV3:?r-Supply per 31, 1;3. CIiEbIISTilY LE.BOPATORY . DEPT GEXOGY & !LI;IEHAL INDUSTH Robert Sauvie, Cl:~.nist CiiE?dISTiU LABORATORY 1 DEPT OF GEOLOGY & MIX?RAL I?!D3ST3 Ro5crt Sauvic, Cnaqis.'; CHEBISTXY LASOM TORY DCPT OF GEOLOGY 6r 1;IYElifrL INDUST3 Robert Sauvie, Chenis t I / C1iEt:ISTFtY LABOW TORY DEI'T OF 7YOLOC'L & MI>IEIUiL Ii.iD!JSTi? Robcrt Sauvie, Chc:.iist ALKALI LA.E 'Jiiater 1,cvels at Czuging 1t4'ells Level ry ' L J 0 5 5- ad /5wy 23 ' /L ' 20 ' /iO ' 1 # 7-3 7' 3 ' /J' 7 ' //+ ' /P ' 15' 3 ' 3-' 19' /7' 3 " 3' I i i I i I I i Newton 2nd Baggs biarch 15 - l\ 1972 \ \ ALYAI LAKE Gauging PIonitor Holes Depth to Water Dissolved Description of -- Site ~romGround -..-- Level Solids, ppa Location at bus 12,000 ppn Hole drilled at trailer office 400 ppn Deep well at south end of playa l7cst Spring at faucet 350 ppn Office JL 7 7r 15'-6" 900 pprn Road going east fron the south end of the landing strip 850 ppm Road on south side of brush control plot 600 pprn On road 3/4 mi. north of Hu tton Spring 2,800 pprn North of Ore Met pits 50,000+ pprn On playa north (meter off scale) of West Spring 28,000 ppm Approx. middle of barrel storage, north side 800 pprn Road west of Hutton Spring, 0.3 mi. 2,600 pprn Road along north edge of playa, 100' east of road 42,000 ppin Approx. $ mi. north of hole E22 50,000-I- ppa Road west from highway (meter off scale) past dunp. Sand hill flagged. , Inches Time , Soil Hours Wat er saturation 2 0.19 1.75 4 0.44 2.7 5 ' G 0.625 3.5 a 0.69 4.13 2 0 I .O 7.0 34 I .5 9.75 7 October 1971 Alkali Lake Goulding & Kondo WELL DATA -Site Water Depth* Dissolved Sol i ds , PP:,I at bus 5'11" 9,500 S. Artesian Surface 400 Nr. 0rer:tet' Site $16 10'2" 2,100 f17 - Playa 56,000 9,000 House spring Surface 400 P22 nr. Elmer's #8 SW corner *from top of casing to water surface Mr. D. C. Cmnc District Corkrervaticnist lakevie1.1, Orecgon Novenbcr 1971 ALKALI LAKE Soils Descriptions - U. S. Soil ConservatLon Service The AUczli Ld Playas (lt03) Tne nlsccL3 aneous larid tce, Playas, occupies rouxct, or oval flat de-presslonr of &bout 10 to 500 acres in Colenm Va!.le>- azd along the east edge of ilarner Valley. Parts of the glayss are covered by thin s5ects of water -in sprin~which eva2orate in most ycars by early sumer. Tie plab-zs srs co??osed of very stro3gly al!!calice zcd calcareona, clayey sed.i:.~e:.l'i:; derivcrl fro;?. basalt and voicanic 2lf f. Thin hmmoc!:s or cogpic2 13o:1;1?3 of ---,la;- ' caterial are scatterecl o-~erthe sullICcce in places, c~sinlyaroand tk:e ezges of the plejr.3. Veget?.tio!l is sc2:n.t 0:: none:cistent on t!:e piaya botto::~~. Plants mostl;r are conllned to thc sandi rr,ou~~dsw!lic'n ore sgarselg covered b-; grease-;rood, othcr brcs?l plsnts, and bunch~rasses. Playas occur next to an5 bclovr umaned silt lozn (155~)and are cozmonly associated >lit3 Cur-e lad (402). Playns 2rc used ixsinly for ~:rildlifehabitat a~cirecrcation, nzir.1~ artifzct collc.zt Cr,p,?.b:il?lt.j U2i li VIII \:-2 (Class VIII land cons9sts of vt.iy steep fault escaqinents, r.:ars> areas, dune I~.zd, or rock l~rdunsuited. to cult:i_va-lion, forestry, or grazing. Sui tz13ilZ. ty for v:ildlife habitat and rccreatioil is high on ;lost of these 2rez.s. ) n'r:e niscc?'1?.rlec:ls land t>-ce, Dxe Il?nd, occcrs on flat basin bottsr,~ mostly in the nortli encl of ',!arL?er Valley. Da?e l2nd co;.sists of s?.nd dmes ar-c! cop;!.cb> coundz nbmt 1 to 10 feet I?igh :;:;licll cor:nonly occx~:r over 60 pcrcz~5oo" t5e s.ras. 'i"rle intcr~iei~in~;soil, \:.>ere gresent, is m? a i I . 0.7(A) or 2.. Delie f is hv,~:::ocl/.yand ridged C b?cau:;e of tl7.e :.:F:;rl 51 at::!: r;=,,cljl clepor,li;s. Page 2 A&.lL Lakc hoff is very sloit or none adthe hazard fro. \,rind erosion is very sever? to adjoi?ing soil orens. 7htive pllnts consist r~ainlyof scattered brush lnnta ?.nd apri~sof grass or. sandy degasits. Ur~nzneil si1.t loaa (155~)has n plmt cowr coi~istinchiefly of greaseriood and salt- . P1.nj.a~ arc n:.aj.!lly barren of vegetation. Dunc land is used mainly by wildlife and for recreation. Capability Uinl t VIIIc OR-SOILS-1 U. S. Department of Agriculture Rev. 8-4-69 Soil Conservation Service (File Code SOI1.S 12) SOIL INTE4PRETATIONS State: ORECOb! Date: July, 1969 Soils: 1. Lofftus silt loam. (0 to 1 pcrceqt 6 slopes) The Lofftus series consists of moderately well drained, silt loam, sodic soils underlain by hardpans. These soils have formed in alluvial-lacustrine sedirncnts of mixed ~~ineralogy, chiefly basalt ar~dtuff, and occur on nearly level to humocky, low terraces in basins. Slopes average 0 to 1 percent. The plant cover is chicfly grcasewood, rabbitbrush and saltgrass. Elevation ranges from about 4090 to L500 feet. Average annual precipitation is between 8 to 10 inches. Mean annual air temperature is 47 to 49Ob'. and the frost-free (32O~.) perid is about 90 to 110 days: The surCace layer is dark grayish brown, when moist, silt loam about 2 inches thick. The subsoil is dark grayish broun, when moist, silt loam about 28 inches thick. The hardpan is weakly to strongly cemented and occurs 20 to 40 inches deep. All parts of the soil are strongly ~~~~~~~~~s and strongly to very strongly alkaline. Inclusions of Ozanis soils comprise an estimated 15 to 30 percent of some mapped areas of LoEf tus soils. Permeability is slow. Effective rooting depth is 20 to 40 inches, Runoff is slow and the erosion ttazard is slight. The water supplyilig capacity is 6 to over 8 inches. Available water holding capacity is 3 to 7 inches. ENGI?iEERI::C I!~T'r:WRETt'iTIOE~S _--- - - r i;i i , ,).I L,,LI profile Inches -- 0-30 silt PIL A-4 0 100 100 90- 70- .oh- 1- 8.5- 1.01; Il ic:) loam 100 90 .20 .21 '1 .6 3 0 hardpan ----- ..... ---.-- .. --- - ...... -..-...... Suitability as a source of topsoil is ~LLP~. Suitability .IS 1 SI>II~~L.,*I *.itltl 11111 ~r.10.1.: i- 4S+~i,tSd . Suitability as n source of road iill i* ------po_or .--.-., .., . , . Hydrologic group is c .---- .....-...... *. Limitation Sajor Facc~-r~~~!fi~~-c~i~l~!>:;--...... 24 to 48 inches deep to xarer table: EII!~ ierr lo . Ic~i!i: .: Highway 20 to LO inches deep to hardpan: dispersc,I, .I~I~*..I lc Location mser i a l . ------...... Dikcs & Lcvccs unstable, dispersed triaterial; sel'ere pipir!c !:a?n- l: Pond Er.bonk- severe poor compact ion. ment --- -- .- ...... Pond 20 to 40 inches deep to hardpan: slor;ly pemea!lle: Rcservoir 1. alkali material: 24 to b8 inches deep LO riater:a!,le. --Area - ---.-.-- .--. - ---- slowly permeable; 20 to LO inches deep to hardpar,; Agricul tutal 24 to 48 inches deep to vater table. 'Terraces 1 --- needed Diversions -- it ------. - Grassed not needed Watorv~vs -_a_-____ ------moderate 2&:;i;;.inches deep to water table: ~et,nonplastic Winter 1 1 Cradi ng ------P.1 . , , . .cantinuntion Sllcet LoEE~us Series July 1969 OR-S9II.S-1 Rev. 8-4-69 - CO?@lLWITY INTERPRETATIONS Use %il Limitation Elajor FaccoxAf fec ting L'sc Foundations for 1. severe 24 to 48 inches dcep.to \cater table: lot: shear strength; subject to --lox buildings f loodi:~$: severe plprng hat. slowlv permeable. 20 to 40 inches deep to hardpan; subject to -scwaee disoo-al floodinet 24 to 48 inches dee~to vater table. I I I Lagoon sewage disposal 1. --- not appl icable RECREATION INTERPRETATIONS Use Soil !.imitation 1 - Xajor Factors t\ffccring Use 1. severe 24 to h8 inches deep to water table: 20 to LO inches deep to Playgrounds hardpan; slowly pem1eable:-_alkal i dust. --- 25 to P8 inches deep to water table; slowly permeable: --Camg -- Arras alkali dust. ----- ------. .- 1. severe 24 to 48 inches deep to vater table; alkali dust. ------Picnic Arcas ------. . . I ------. . . -. -. severe same Paths 6 Trails ------.- -. - AGRICULTURE ISTERPRETATlO?:S --- - -.- ![a j or c r~~Tv~Kiy~-e~-1 !Injor Factors , - I-___-+------. ------WOODI.A!:3 INTERPXETATIO~S Species -- --. ------.------ ,-- A- - ----.- Site Namc I Soil ----Moist Sodic Bottom+' OR-SOILS-1 U. S. Deportment of Agriculture Rev. 8-4-69 Soil Con;ervation Service (~ileCode SOILS 12) SOIL INTERPRETATIOSS State Date: July, 1969 Soils: 1. Icene association, (0 to 1 perccxt t slopes). (Icene Series) The Icene series includes noderately well drained, very deep, loam over stratified clay loam, silt .loam and loatn, sonic soils. These soils occur on low basin terraces and lower edges of alluvial fans and cones on slopes of less than 1 percent. They are formed in alluvial - lacustrine sedineats Erom basalt and tuff. The plant cover consists largely of greasevood and saltgrass. Elevation.ranges from about 4400 to 4500 feet. Average annual precipitation is about 8 to 10 inches. >lean annual air temperaturc is 47 to 49'~. and the frost-free period (32OF.I is about 90 to 110 days. The surface layer is dark grayish brom and very dark grayish brown, when moist, loam and silt loan about 2 inches thick. It is strongly alkaline and calcareous in places. Fine pebbles are commonly scattered over the surEace. The subsoil is dark brown and dark grayish brown, when moist, clay loam and silt loam about 20 inches thick. It is strongly alkaline to very stro~~gly alkaline and calcareous. Thin lenses and layers of grayish brow end dark grayish bro~n, when moist, loan, silt loan, silty clay loan, and very fine sandy loam comprise the substratun. Inclusions of named soils are not known to occur within napped areas of Icene soils. Permenbilitg is slow. Effective rooting depth is 40 to over 60 inches. Runoff is verv slov and the erosion hazard is slight. The water supplying capacity is 6 to over 7 inches. This soil is used for range by livestock and wildlife and for recreation. ENGINEERIXG IYTERPRETAT IO!:S- --.- - Estimated Chemical and Physical Properties - Dcp th % of Pernea- Avail- Soil Shrink c 22-60 loam ?IL A-4 0 95- 90- 75- c5- .05- .15- 8.5- Low !fig? 100 loo 93 73 .20 .18 9.6 - -- . -- .- Suitability as a source of topsoil is not suited . Suitability as a source of s~ndand gra\.el is not suited . Suitability as a source of road fill is DOO~ - - - Hydrologic group is 3 1NTERPRETATIO::S OF ENGISEERZ?:G PROPEXTIES ------Use Soil 1 Limitation [ .%jar Factors Affecting Use I dispersed, unstable naterial: subject to flooding: Highway low shear strength. Location P Dikes & Levees dispersed materials: severe piping hazard: low shear Pond Ernbank- 1. severe strength: poor stability. -mcnt - - - - P0r.d Reservoir 1. I slight alkali ~aterials. ----..--Area -1 -- -- Agricultural 1. slight subject to flooding: alkali materials. Drainanc -- Terraces & / 1. --- not needed ---Divcrsior.~ -- -- Grasst-d --- not needed Wn tarv?~s --. Winter slisht slightly plastic naterials. Cradine ,,' Continuation Sheet lcene Series July 1969 OR-SOILS-1 Rev. 8-4-69 - COEfNUNZTY INTERPRETATIONS . . Use Soil Limitation Major Factors Affectinq Use Foundations for 1. severe low shear strength; dispersed, unstable mterial; flooding low buildinqs hazard. slowly permeable; subject to flooding. I I I Lagoon sewage disposal 1. moderate subject to flooding. RECREATION INTERPRETATIONS - Use 1 Soil ( Limitation ( Major Factors Affectin? Use severe slowly permeable; alkali dust. 1: (Icene severe sa~e -Camp Areas 011 ) I -l'(*cenesoil) Picnic Areas severe alkali dust. I I I l.(Icene Paths b Trails soil) moderate alkali dust. AGRICULTURE INTERPRETATIONS ?lajor Cro~s I Soil I Suitability 1 ~~tirnunYields [ Major Factors Affecting Use 1 - ..-- -Land Capabili tv 1 - VIs (nonirr.) (Icene series) - -- WOODLAND INTERPRETATIOKS Limitations Species Soil Site Seedling Erosion Windthrow Plant Equiprent Native Indez- mmo tali_cy_ hazard hazard Competition Limitations Species ------. RANGE INTERPRETATIOEIS Normal Season * - site Name Soil g.uryc,Saltgr, Hoist Sodic Bottom 1. Grax(i~'d -7- -- I 'L/* ------ALKALI LAKE DESCRIPTIONS OF AUGER SP.?dPLES HOLE NO. 16 DATE AU~27, 19n LOCATION 11:;: Sec 19, T 3S, 23E Lake County ELEVATION WATER LEV3L 15 feet DESCRIPTIONS BY -1 ?qe;rton - Sample Depth-- Description of !.!aterial- 0 - 51' Holg vras noJ; loggcd, Plastic casing was run to a depth of 3 feet. Note: Effervescence in dilute HC1 used to indicate amount of evaporite in st~n?lcs. ALKALI LAKE DFSCRIPTIONS OF AUGEB SAE"ES DATE April 18, 1972 LOChTIOllx$ Scc 18, 'i' 30S, R 23E Near Center of Plq-a ELEVATION YiATER 'LE~L 3.0' Ground Sample Depth- Description of !:aterial- -Silty Clay; whitish gray, containing a fen scattered fine Pragnents of basalt, bentonitic. -Faj-r effervescence in dil HC1. 3 - 6' *_Siltv Clay; whitish gray, scattered fins pieces of basalt, quartz and feldspar. lloderately efferv- escent in dil HC1. 6 - 9' Calvey-" Silt; grayish tan, very fine pieces of basalt. Eioderate to strongly effe~~vescentin dil HC1. Clayey- Fin- Sand; light +dn, fine grains of feldspar, quartz and framents of basalt.. Koderately effsrv- escent in dil HC1. Clayey Fine-- Sand; as above described. 1s - 18' Clay Silt; light tan, scattered fine pieces of basalt. Fair effervescence in dil IiCl. Fine Silty Sanda light tan, consisting of feldspar, ---9- quartz and frsgn!ents of basalt. Quartz is probably volcanic glass. t!oderately effervescent in dil liC1. Note: Effervescence in dilute HC1 used to indicate a~ountof evaporite in sax?lcs. ALKALI LKE DFSCHIPTIOIIS OF AUGER SAEPLES HOLENO, 17 - I>Am April 18, 1972 LOCA TIO>I ELEVATION \'[A TER 'LETEL Sanple Depth- Description of b!a terial- 21 - 2b' Clay Silt; whitish gray, feiu scattered fine picccs of basalt. Xodcratnly effervescent in dl1 IIC1. Silt;-- grayish green, soft. -Silt; as above described. Silty -.-Clay; light grayish green, containing very fine pieces of basalt and occasioq-I 21 medium size grains of feldspar and some volcanic glass. Faintly effervescent in dil HC1. Note: Effervescence in dilute liC1 used to indicate a,;ount of evaporitc! in si~-ripI.cs, ALKALI LAKE DFSCHIPTIONS 07 AUGER SAMPLES HOLF: NO. 18 DAE Aug28, 1971 LOCATION !!I:$ Sec 13, T m, 22E Lakc Countzr ELEVATION - WATER LEVEL 5 feet DRILLxR R. Iicdfcrn DESCRIPTIOIIS BY v , :J rirton - Sample Depth- Description of !.!a terial 0 31' Hole was not logged. Plastic casing was run to a depth of 30 feet. Note: Effervescence in dilute HC1 used to indicate amount of evapori tc in sanplcs. ALKALI LAKE DFSCHIPTIONS OF AUGER SAldPLES HOLE NO. 19 DATE April 18, 1972 LoCATICN Near the center of Sec 12, T 3E, R 22E, ?Kl side of Playa ELEVATION WATER 'LEEL lh ' helm crounr! DRILLSR B azgs DESCRIPTIO'i\iS BY N err ton - Sample De?th- Description of lIateria1 0 - 3' Clay Silt; whitish gray, containing scattered fine pieces of basalt, tioderately ef f crvescent in dil liC1. -----Clay Silt; ahitisn gray, contai~ingfine pieces of basalt. IAodcrately eff ewescent in dil HC1. Clay Silt; as above described. -Sandy Xlty-- Clay; whitish gray, containing very Tine angular pieces of basalt and quartz (volcanic glass). b:,odcrately effervescent in dil HC1, ---.-Fina Sandy, Silty Clay; vrhi tish gray, containing very fine angular pieces of basalt and frafncnts of volcanic elass.- l!oderate effervescence in dil HC1. ----Silty Clay; whLtich gray, containing scattered fino a~.gularpi ecss of basalt. l!oderately effervescent in dil HC1. . Clay Silt; greenish gray, soft. Auger dropped through this layer. ---Clay Silt; as above daecribcd, Moto: Effervcscenccl in dilutc HC1 used to indicate: a~ourltof evaporite in san~plcs. ALKALI &I(E- DFSCHIPTIONS Or" AUGER SP.K?LES HOLE NO. 19 DA TE April 18, 1772 LOCATION ELEVX TION Sample Depth Description of l!a terial 24 - 29' Clap Silt; grayish green, as above. 29 - 33' --Cley; dark greenish gray, plastic.,Fair efferv- escence in dil HC1, Note: Effervescence in dilute KC1 used to indicate arzount of ' evaporite in sariiplcs. ALKALI Lii!(E DFSCHIPTIONS OF AUGER SP.!.!?LES HOLE NO. 20 DA 'E April 18, 1972 LOCATIOEI -ll~i Sec 5, T 30S, R 23E NE of Playa ELEVATION WATER LE'II;L 17I from ground surface DIULLSR BZEES DESCRIPTIONS BY Newton - -Sample Depth Description of Ka t~rial 1-2- 0 - 3' Clay----- Silt; whitish gray, containing sca ttersd fine pieces of basalt. E!oderateLy effervescent in dil h'c:.. --'Clay Silt* as above described, ----Fine Silty Sand; vrhitish gray consisting of very fine angular pieces of'basnlt and volcanic glass, approximately 3% silty fines. b!oderately effervesc- ent in dil HC1. Fine Clayey-- Sand; cream colored, consisting of subangular fragnents of teldspar, volcanic glass and basalt, Moderately st-~cl:geffervescence in dil HC1.. Fine Sand; vrhi ti sh gray coxposed of subangular frapents of feldspar, volcanic glass end basalt, an ocassio:lal piece of olivine. Fair effervescence in di.1 EGle Fine Silty Sand; as above, except approxir;!ately 2% fine white matrix. Strong effervescence in dil HC1. . .-- = Fine- Sandy C1nye.y----- Silt; rrhlte, containirig fine pieces of basalt and volcar,ic glass. liard layer encountered at 23'. Strong effervescence in clil IiC1. Note: Effervescence in dilute HC1 used to indicata a~ountof _I.. - . ,evaporite in samples. C -.' - .* . . ..- '* PAGE 2 ALKALI WAE DFSCHIPTIOIJS OF AUGER SALIPLES HOLE NO. 20 DA TE April 18, 1972 'LOCATION DRf LLSR DESCRIPTIONS LIY - - Eescription of ?:a terial Fine- Sandy Clayey Silt; as above described. Wafer at 25'. Auger stopped at 25' on hard material. Probably voicanic tuff similar to that found in Hole # 10. Note: Effervescence in dilute HC1 used to indicate amount of evapor-ite in sarnplcs . ALKALI LAKE DFSCRIPTIOMS OF AUGER SAIdPLES HOLE NO, 23 DATE April18, 1972 ct1 LOCATI~>~a117 Sec 8, T 3OS, R 23E, NE of center of Playa ELEVATION DRILLSR Redfern DESCRIPTIONS BY V* Nerton - Smple Depth- Description- of !!a terial- 0 - 3' Clay Silt; whitish gray, scattered fine fragnents of basalt, f e;.r rnediun size pieces of volcanic glass. h!oderat ely ef lervescent in dil HC1, Silty Clav; vhLtj.sh gray, soft, containing fine -L pieces of basalt, feldspar and volcanic glass. Moderately eff e~*vescentin dil EC1. Clayey_I_.- Zilt; tan, very fine pieces of basalt, feldspar and volcanic glass. Llodera tely eff erv- escent in dil HC1. Very Fine Clayey Sand; light tan, very fine pieces -- --A of hasoit, feldspr 2nd quartz. Moderately ef ferv- escent in dil HC1. Clsvey-.---' Fine Sand* tan, scattered very fine fregxcnts of basalt. htoderately effervescent in dil HCl., 15 - 18' Silty------' line Sand* tan, very fine pieces of basalt, feldspar and volcanic glass. Fair effervescence in di1 FC1. Clayey Fins Sand; light tan, consists of basalt, volcanic glass and feldspa18 and 3G$ fine matrix. b!ocieratcly strong effervescence in dil HC1. Note: Effcrvcscencr: in dilute HC1 used to indicate amount of evaporite in samples. HOLE 110. 23 'LOCATION Sample Depth Description-- of Ilaterial- 21 - 21i1 Fice Sandy Silt; tzn, very fine pieces of basalt, quartz and feldspar. !,!oderate ef ferv- escence in clil HC1. Silt; grayish green, soft. Auger dropped through this layer. -Silt; as above described. -Silty ---- Clay; ~ihitishgray cont2inir.g fine scattered pieces of basalt, feldspar and quartz. Fair efferv- escerlce in dil HC1.