Abschlussbericht Der Projektgruppe Middleware Des ATRT

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Abschlussbericht Der Projektgruppe Middleware Des ATRT Abschlussbericht der Projektgruppe „Middleware“ Bundesnetzagentur für Elektrizität, Gas, Telekommunikation, Post und Eisenbahnen Ausschuss für technische Regulierung in der Telekommunikation (ATRT) Bonn, Oktober 2013 ATRT Projektgruppe Middleware Abschlussbericht Seite 2 Abschlussbericht der Projektgruppe Middleware des ATRT Berichterstatter: Dr. Helmut Stein und Dr. Klaus Illgner-Fehns als Ko-Vorsitzende Verteiler: ATRT Projektgruppe Middleware ATRT- BNetzA Bundesnetzagentur für Elektrizität, Gas, Telekommunikation, Post und Eisenbahnen (BNetzA) Oktober 2013 ATRT Projektgruppe Middleware Abschlussbericht Seite 3 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Vorwort ........................................................................................................... 6 2. Management Summary……………………………………………………………….....7 3. Einführung und Zielsetzung .............................................................................. 8 3.1. Eine erste Begriffsklärung………………………………………………….............8 3.1.1. Middleware ......................................................................................... 9 3.1.2. Applikation .......................................................................................... 9 3.1.3. API ..................................................................................................... 9 3.1.4. Funktion ............................................................................................. 9 4. Interessen und Anforderungen der Marktteilnehmer ......................................... 10 4.1 Marktrelevanz der Interessen und Anforderungen ....................................... 10 4.2 Interessen und Anforderungen der Plattformbetreiber…………………………12 4.2.1 Allgemeine Anforderungen ................................................................ 15 4.2.2 Funktionale Anforderungen................................................................ 15 4.2.3 Technische Anforderungen ................................................................. 16 4.2.4 Kernpunkte der Anforderungen .......................................................... 17 4.3 Interessen und Anforderungen kommerzieller Middleware-Anbieter………...18 4.4 Interessen und Anforderungen der Systemanbieter……………………………20 4.5 Interessen und Anforderungen der Endgerätehersteller……………………….21 4.6 Interessen und Anforderungen der Inhalteanbieter (Programmveranstalter und Diensteanbieter)…………………………………...255 4.6.1 Sichtweise von Sky Deutschland......................................................... 27 4.6.2 Gemeinsamkeiten der Inhalteanbieter………………………………………30 4.7 Interessen und Anforderungen der Nutzer………………………………………31 Bundesnetzagentur für Elektrizität, Gas, Telekommunikation, Post und Eisenbahnen (BNetzA) Oktober 2013 ATRT Projektgruppe Middleware Abschlussbericht Seite 4 4.8 Interessen und Anforderungen weiterer Marktteilnehmer……………………..34 4.9 Zusammenfasung der Interessen und Positionen der Marktteilnehmer……...35 5. Darstellung der Systeme im Markt ................................................................... 40 5.1 Middleware und API: Aufgaben in der Systemarchitektur…………………..…40 5.2 Standardisierte Systeme für TV und das Zusammenwachsen mit dem Internet……………………………………………………………………………….46 5.2.1 GEM (MHP) ....................................................................................... 46 5.2.2 HbbTV............................................................................................... 48 5.2.3 OPIF ................................................................................................. 51 5.2.4 MHEG ............................................................................................... 53 5.2.5 Weitere Systeme, ............................................................................... 54 5.3 Lösungskonzepte für TV auf Basis etablierter Web-Technologien……………54 5.4 Cloud- basierte Lösungen…………………………………………………………56 5.5 Firmenspezifische Systemlösungen……………………………………………...59 5.6 Ausblick……………………………………………………………………………...60 6. Vertiefende Bestimmung der Begriffe .............................................................. 61 6.1.1 Middleware ........................................................................................ 64 6.1.2 Applikation ......................................................................................... 64 6.1.3 API.................................................................................................... 65 6.1.4 Funktion ............................................................................................ 65 7. Zusammenfassung......................................................................................... 65 8. Mitglieder der Projektgruppe ........................................................................... 68 A. Allgemeine Anhänge ...................................................................................... 70 A.1 Mandat der Projektgruppe ......................................................................... 70 A.2 Glossar .................................................................................................... 71 Bundesnetzagentur für Elektrizität, Gas, Telekommunikation, Post und Eisenbahnen (BNetzA) Oktober 2013 ATRT Projektgruppe Middleware Abschlussbericht Seite 5 A.3 Abkürzungen............................................................................................ 75 B Spezifische Anhänge…………………………………………………………………82 B.1 Proprietäre Systeme……………………………………………………………….82 B.1.1 NDS MediaHighway…………………………………………………………..82 B.1.2 Nagra OpenTV…………………………………………………………………87 B.1.3 Microsoft MediaRoom…………………………………………………………91 B.1.4 Cisco Videoscape……………………………………………………………..93 B.1.5 Cloud-basierte Lösungen von Alcatel-Lucent……………………………...97 B.1.6 GoogleTV auf Android-Basis……………………………………………….100 B.1.7 AppleTV auf iOS-Basis……………………………………………………..102 B. 2 Smart Meter- Applikationen……………………………………………………..102 Bundesnetzagentur für Elektrizität, Gas, Telekommunikation, Post und Eisenbahnen (BNetzA) Oktober 2013 ATRT Projektgruppe Middleware Abschlussbericht Seite 6 1. Vorwort „Was lange währt wird endlich gut!“ Nach vielen Monaten unterschiedlich aktiver Phasen konnte die Projektgruppe Middleware des ATRT ihren Bericht nun fertigstellen. Die Erarbeitung dieses Berichtes erforderte abschnittsweise umfangreiche und kontroverse Diskussionen. Das was Marktteilnehmer technisch aber auch hinsichtlich der Geschäftsmodelle mit dem Begriff „Middleware“ verbinden, weist deutliche Unterschiede auf. Ergänzend, man könnte auch sagen erschwerend, kommt hinzu, dass sich das Marktumfeld aufgrund schneller technischer Entwicklungen weiterhin stetig verändert. Umso erfreulicher ist es, dass es gelang, Definitionen für die 4 in einem engen technischen Zusammenhang stehenden Begriffe „Middleware“, „API“, „Funktion“, und „Applikation“ gemeinsam abzustimmen. Wir bedanken uns bei den Mitgliedern der ATRT Projektgruppe Middleware für ihre intensive und engagierte Mitarbeit. Besonderer Dank gilt hier der Redaktionsgruppe, bestehend aus Alexa Christ, Carsten Engelke, Ulrich Freyer, Patrick Krisam, Dr. Georg Lütteke, Dr. Helmut Stein und Bernd Tröger. Wir danken auch der Bundesnetzagentur für die kontinuierliche Begleitung der Diskussionen, namentlich Herrn Feller. Carine Chardon danken wir für Layout und Gestaltung. Wir hoffen mit diesem Bericht einen Beitrag zum Verständnis der sich sehr schnell verändernden Software-Architekturen und der daraus resultierenden komplexen und sich verändernden Märkten leisten zu können. München, 01.08.2013 Dr. Helmut Stein und Dr. Klaus Illgner (Ko-Vorsitzende) Bundesnetzagentur für Elektrizität, Gas, Telekommunikation, Post und Eisenbahnen (BNetzA) Oktober 2013 ATRT Projektgruppe Middleware Abschlussbericht Seite 7 2. Management Summary Die erste Aufgabe der PG Middleware war es, Definitionen der Begriffe Middleware und Anwendungs-Programmierschnittstelle (API) zu erarbeiten und zwar fokussiert auf die funktionale und technische Integration in Empfangsgeräten für digitale Audio- und Video-Dienste. Dabei waren die Vorgaben des TKG zu berücksichtigen. Es sollte eine umfassende inhaltliche Bestandsaufnahme der Marktsituation sowie der in diesen Bereichen wirkenden Marktmechanismen beschrieben werden. Dazu sollte insbesondere eine Übersicht über die jeweiligen Interessen und Anforderungen der Marktteilnehmer erstellt werden. Die Arbeit in der PG Middleware offenbart, dass die Begriffe Middleware und API durch die weiteren Kern-Begriffe Funktion und Applikation ergänzt werden müssen. Selbst mit der Erweiterung der Begriffe wird klar, dass im konkreten Fall die Abgrenzung zwischen einzelnen Begriffen auf Grund wechselseitiger Abhängigkeiten fließend sein kann. Die Analyse verschiedener Softwarearchitekturen, insbesondere neuerer Endgeräte, wie Smart-TVs, Tablets, Smartphones, usw. und deren Vernetzung zeigt auf, dass es in diesen Systemen kaum mehr einheitlich strukturierte bzw. ganzheitliche Softwarelösungen gibt. Die Vielfalt der in diesem Bericht aufgezeigten Ansichten der Marktteilnehmer führt dazu, dass eine durchgängige Anwendung einer universellen API für alle Geräte und Anwendungen wenig realistisch erscheint. Die Internet-Funktionalität moderner Endgeräte liefert hingegen technische Voraussetzungen für eine weitgehende Anwendbarkeit und Vernetzbarkeit von Applikationen unter Einbeziehung verschiedenster Infrastrukturen. Damit erscheint es möglich, dass künftig eine Vielzahl von Applikationen über verschiedene Plattformen und/oder Infrastrukturen verteilt und auf unterschiedlichen Endgeräten nutzbar wird. Für die Bereitstellung von
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