Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program Volume

Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program Volume 351 Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc Origins Expedition 351 of the riserless drilling platform from and to Yokohama, Japan Site U1438 30 May–30 July 2014

Volume authorship Arculus, R.J., Ishizuka, O., Bogus, K., and the Expedition 351 Scientists

35° Japan N

Amami Sankaku 30° Basin Izu-Bonin arc photo site map U1438 25°

20° West Philippine Kyushu- Mariana Basin Palau arc Ridge 15° Philippines

10°

5°

0° 120°E 125° 130° 135° 140° 145° km

0 500

Published by International Ocean Discovery Program Publisher’s notes Funding for the program was provided by the following agencies at the time of this expedition: National Science Foundation (NSF), United States Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling (ECORD) Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), People’s Republic of China Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) Australian Research Council (ARC) and GNS Science (New Zealand), Australian/New Zealand Consortium (ANZIC) Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), India Coordination for Improvement of Higher Education Personnel, Brazil (CAPES) Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the participating agencies, IODP Management International, Inc., Consortium for Ocean Leadership, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observa- tory of Columbia University, Texas A&M University, or Texas A&M Research Foundation. The bulk of the shipboard-collected core data from this expedition is accessible from the Interna- tional Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) JOIDES Resolution Science Operator, Texas A&M University (TAMU), at iodp.tamu.edu/database/index.html. If you cannot access this site or need additional data, please contact: Data Librarian, International Ocean Discovery Program JOIDES Resolution Sci- ence Operator, Texas A&M University, 1000 Discovery Drive, College Station TX 77845-9547, USA. Tel: (979) 845-8495; Fax: (979) 458-1617; Email: [email protected]. A complete set of the logging data collected by IODP-USIO Science Services, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), is available at brg.ldeo.columbia.edu/logdb. If you have problems down- loading the data, wish to receive additional logging data, or have questions regarding the data, please contact: Database Administrator, Borehole Research Group, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, PO Box 1000, 61 Route 9W, Palisades NY 10964, USA. Tel: (845) 365-8343; Fax: (845) 365-3182; Email: [email protected]. Supplemental data were provided by the authors and may not conform to IODP publication formats. Some core photographs have been tonally enhanced to better illustrate particular features of interest. High-resolution images are available upon request. Cover photograph is Expedition 351 cores. Photograph by Philipp Brandl. Copyright Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License. Unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction are permitted, provided the original author and source are credited. Examples of how to cite this volume or part of this volume are available at publications.iodp.org/proceedings/351/351title.html#bib.

ISSN World Wide Web: 2377-3189

IODP Proceedings 2Volume 351 Contents Expedition reports Expedition research results

Chapters Data reports Expedition 351 summary Titles are available in HTML. R.J. Arculus et al. Syntheses Expedition 351 methods Titles are available in HTML. R.J. Arculus et al. Drilling location maps Site U1438 A site map showing the drilling locations for this expedition and R.J. Arculus et al. maps showing the drilling locations of all International Ocean Dis- covery Program (IODP), produced using QGIS (www.qgis.org), In- Core descriptions tegrated Ocean Drilling Program, Ocean Drilling Program (ODP), Visual core descriptions (VCDs), smear slide data, thin section and Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP), produced using Generic data, and core images are included in this section. VCDs, smear Mapping Tools (GMT) of Paul Wessel and Walter H.F. Smith slides, and thin sections are combined into PDF files for each site. (gmt.soest.hawaii.edu), are available in PDF. The entire set of core images in PDF is available in the IMAGES di- rectory and files. IODP Expedition 351 site map IODP map (Expeditions 349–351) Site U1438 Integrated Ocean Drilling Program map (Expeditions 301–348) Visual core descriptions · Smear slides · Thin sections ODP map (Legs 100–210) DSDP map (Legs 1–96)

Acknowledgments Brian Taylor inspired our targeting of the Amami Sankaku Basin as the unequivocal basement of the Izu-Bonin-Mariana arc.

IODP Proceedings 3Volume 351 Foreword The International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) represents a renewal and strategic refocusing of what has been widely hailed as one of the most successful and ambitious international scientific programs in the world. Based solidly on the 45-year scientific legacy of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Ocean Drilling Program, and Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, the new IODP Science Plan (Illumi- nating Earth’s Past, Present, and Future) defines 4 main themes and 13 challenges for the next decade of scientific ocean drilling that are both of fundamental importance in understanding how Earth works and of high relevance to society as Earth changes. The new IODP represents an extraordinary level of international collaboration in utilizing scientific ocean drilling to understand climate and ocean change, the deep biosphere and evolution of ecosystems, connections between Earth’s deep processes and surface impacts, and geological processes and hazards on human scales. The Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program presents the scientific and engineering results of IODP drilling projects on an expedition basis. As in the preceding Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, expeditions in the new IODP will be conducted by three implementing organizations, each providing a different drilling platform. These are the U.S. Implementing Organization (USIO; through September 2014) and the JOIDES Resolution Science Operator (JRSO; as of October 2014), providing the research vessel JOIDES Resolution for riserless drilling operations; JAMSTEC’s Center for Deep Earth Exploration (CDEX), providing the drillship Chikyu for riser and occasional riserless operations; and the European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling (ECORD) Science Operator (ESO), providing mission-specific platforms (MSPs) for expeditions that extend the IODP operational range where neither drillship is suitable. Scheduling decisions for each of the platforms are made separately by three independent Facility Boards, each of which includes scientists, operators, and platform funding partners: the JOIDES Resolution Facility Board (JRFB), Chikyu IODP Board (CIB), and ECORD Facility Board (EFB). At the beginning of the new IODP, the three Facility Boards agreed to utilize Publication Services at the USIO and now the JRSO for production of all expedition Proceedings volumes and reports. The new IODP differs from prior legacy programs in that it has no central management authority nor commingled funding for program-wide activities. Yet the new IODP retains a key integrative structural element: evaluation of all proposals for drilling expeditions by a single advisory structure composed of scientists representing all international program partners. International scientists may submit drilling proposals to the Science Support Office; the proposals are then evaluated by the Sci- ence Evaluation Panel in the context of the new Science Plan. The new IODP also has a second internationally integrative level for high-level discussion (but no executive authority): the IODP Forum. The Forum is defined as the custodian of the Science Plan and is charged with assessing program-wide progress toward achieving the Science Plan. As of the Forum’s first annual meeting (May 2014), IODP involves 27 international financial partners, including the United States, Japan, an Australia/New Zealand consortium (ANZIC), Brazil, China, India, South Ko- rea, and the 19 members of ECORD (Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom). The enhanced membership in the new IODP represents a remarkable level of international collaboration that remains one of the greatest strengths of scientific ocean drilling.

Keir Becker Inaugural Chair of the IODP Forum

IODP Proceedings 4Volume 351 International Ocean Discovery Program Implementing organizations IODP European Implementing Organization: European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling, Science Operator (ESO)

Website: www.eso.ecord.org

IODP-ESO Coordinator: Science, Logistics, and Operations IODP-ESO Curation and Laboratories British Geological Survey IODP Bremen Core Repository (BCR) Murchinson House Center for Marine Environmental Sciences (MARUM) West Mains Road University of Bremen Edinburgh EH9 3LA Leobener Strasse United Kingdom 28359 Bremen Tel: (44) 131-667-1000; Fax: (44) 131-668-4140 Germany Email: [email protected] Tel: (49) 421-218-65560; Fax: (49) 421-218-98-65560 Email: [email protected] IODP-ESO Petrophysics European Petrophysics Consortium Department of Geology University of Leicester Leicester LE1 7RH United Kingdom Tel: (44) 116-252-3611; Fax: (44) 116-252-3918 Email: [email protected] IODP Japanese Implementing Organization: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)

Website: www.jamstec.go.jp/chikyu/e/

IODP-Japan Science Operator Center for Deep Earth Exploration (CDEX) Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Yokohama Institute for Earth Sciences 3175-25 Showa-machi Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama Kanagawa 236-0001 Japan Tel: (81) 45-778-5643; Fax: (81) 45-778-5704 Email: [email protected] IODP U.S. Implementing Organization

Website: iodp.tamu.edu

IODP-USIO Systems Integration Contractor IODP-USIO Science Services, TAMU Consortium for Ocean Leadership International Ocean Discovery Program 1201 New York Avenue, NW, 4th Floor Texas A&M University Washington DC 20005 1000 Discovery Drive USA College Station TX 77845-9547 Tel: (202) 232-3900; Fax: (202) 462-8754 USA Email: [email protected] Tel: (979) 845-2673; Fax: (979) 845-4857 Email: [email protected] IODP-USIO Science Services, LDEO Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University PO Box 1000, 61 Route 9W Palisades NY 10964 USA Tel: (845) 365-8672; Fax: (845) 365-3182 Email: [email protected]

IODP Proceedings 5Volume 351 Expedition 351 participants* Expedition 351 scientists Richard Arculus Andrew P. Barth Co-Chief Scientist Igneous Petrologist Research School of Earth Sciences Department of Earth Sciences The Australian National University Indiana University—Purdue University Canberra ACT 0200 Indianapolis Australia 723 West Michigan Street [email protected] Indianapolis IN 46202 USA Osamu Ishizuka [email protected] Co-Chief Scientist Geological Survey of Japan/AIST Philipp A. Brandl Central 7 1-1-1 Higashi Igneous Petrologist Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8567 GeoZentrum Nordbayern Japan University of Erlangen-Nürnberg [email protected] Schlossgarten S 91054 Erlangen Kara Bogus Germany Expedition Project Manager/Staff Scientist [email protected] International Ocean Discovery Program Texas A&M University Rodrigo do Monte Guerra 1000 Discovery Drive Paleontologist (nannofossils) College Station TX 77845-9547 Technological Institute of Micropaleontology USA University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS) [email protected] Bloco 6K, Avenue Unisinos, 950-B Cristo Rei Sao Leopoldo 93022 Laureen Drab Brazil Logging Staff Scientist [email protected] Borehole Research Group Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University Michael C. Gurnis PO Box 1000, 61 Route 9W Physical Properties Specialist Palisades NY 10964 Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences USA California Institute of Technology [email protected] 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 2520-21 Pasadena CA 91125 Mohammed H. Aljahdali USA Paleontologist (nannofossils) [email protected] Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science Florida State University Morihisa Hamada 108 Carraway Building, Woodward Street Physical Properties Specialist Tallahassee FL 32306-0001 Institute for Research on Earth Evolution (IFREE) USA Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology [email protected] 2-15 Natsushima-cho Yokosuka 237-0061 Alexandre N. Bandini-Maeder Japan Paleontologist (radiolarians) [email protected] School of Earth and Environment University of Western Australia Rosemary L. Hickey-Vargas 35 Stirling Highway Igneous Petrologist Crawley Earth and Environment Department Perth WA 6009 Florida International University Australia Modesto Maidique Campus, PC 344 [email protected] Miami FL 33199 USA [email protected]

*Addresses at time of expedition, except where updated by participants.

IODP Proceedings 6Volume 351 Fuqing Jiang Marco Maffione Sedimentologist Paleomagnetist Institute of Oceanology Institute of Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Utrecht University 7 Nanhai Road Budapestlaan 17 Qingdao 266071 3584 Utrecht China The Netherlands [email protected] [email protected] Kyoko Kanayama Kathleen M. Marsaglia Sedimentologist Sedimentologist College of Science and Engineering Department of Geological Sciences Kanazawa University California State University, Northridge Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 18111 Nordhoff Street Ishikawa 920-1192 Northridge CA 91330-8266 Japan USA [email protected] [email protected] Sev Kender Anders McCarthy Paleontologist (foraminifers) Igneous Petrologist British Geological Survey Institute of Earth Sciences Keyworth University of Lausanne Nottingham NG12 5GG Bureau 4893, Geopolis Rue de la Mouline United Kingdom 1015 Lausanne Switzerland Present address (June 2014): [email protected] School of Geography University of Nottingham Sebastien Meffre University Park Sedimentologist Nottingham NG7 2RD School of Earth Sciences United Kingdom University of Tasmania [email protected] Hobart TAS 7001 Australia Yuki Kusano [email protected] Igneous Petrologist Kanazawa University Antony Morris Department of Earth Sciences Paleomagnetist Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Ishikawa 920-1192 Plymouth University Japan Drake Circus [email protected] Plymouth PL4 8AA United Kingdom He Li [email protected] Igneous Petrologist Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Martin Neuhaus Chinese Academy of Sciences Göttingen Borehole Magnetometer Specialist 511 Kehua Street Institut für Geophysik und Extraterrestriche Physik Wushan Guangzhou 51040 TU Braunschweig China Mendelssohnstrasse 3 [email protected] 38106 Braunschweig Germany Lorne C. Loudin [email protected] Inorganic Geochemist Department of Earth Sciences Ivan P. Savov University of New Hampshire Sedimentologist 56 College Road, 214 James Hall School of Earth and Environment Durham NH 03824 University of Leeds USA Leeds LS2 9JT [email protected] United Kingdom [email protected]

IODP Proceedings 7Volume 351 Clara A. Sena Da Silva Gene M. Yogodzinski Inorganic Geochemist Igneous Petrologist Geosciences Department/CESAM Department of Earth & Ocean Sciences Universidade de Aveiro University of South Carolina Campus Universitario Santiago 710 Sumter Street, EWSC617 3810-193 Aveiro Columbia SC 29208 Portugal USA [email protected] [email protected] Frank J. Tepley III Zhaohui Zhang Igneous Petrologist Organic Geochemist College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences Earth Sciences Oregon State University Nanjing University 104 CEOAS Administration Building 22 Hankou Road Corvallis OR 97331 Nanjing 210093 USA China [email protected] [email protected] Cees van der Land Inorganic Geochemist School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences University of Newcastle Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU United Kingdom [email protected]

Education and outreach J. Adam Bogus Michael J. Prosalik Videographer Education Officer Get-Kinetic, Inc. Malvern Preparatory School 2218 East Fletcher Street 418 S Warren Avenue Philadelphia PA 19125 Malvern PA 19355 USA USA [email protected] [email protected] Operational and technical staff Siem Offshore AS officials Terry Skinner James Samuel McLelland Master of the Drilling Vessel Offshore Installation Manager (OIM) IODP-USIO shipboard personnel and technical representatives Heather Barnes Roy Davis Assistant Laboratory Officer Laboratory Officer Susan Boehm Helen Evans X-ray Laboratory (temporary) Paleomagnetism Laboratory Michael Cannon David Fackler Marine Computer Specialist Applications Developer Etienne Claassen Ted Gustafson Marine Instrumentation Specialist Thin Section Laboratory Ty Cobb Sandra Herrmann Physical Properties Laboratory Core Laboratory William Crawford Jon Howell Imaging Specialist Applications Developer

IODP Proceedings 8Volume 351 Jan Jurie Kotze Alyssa Stephens Marine Instrumentation Specialist Publications Specialist Gemma Maxwell Michael Storms Curatorial Specialist Operations Superintendent Erik Moortgat Kerry Swain Chemistry Laboratory Logging Engineer Chieh Peng Steven Thomas Assistant Laboratory Officer Marine Computer Specialist Vincent Percuoco Kevin Werts Chemistry Laboratory Underway Geophysics Laboratory IODP Publication Services staff* Lyndal Arceneaux Ginny Lowe Program Aide Reports Coordinator Douglas Cummings Amy McWilliams Graphics Specialist II Editor IV Gudelia (“Gigi”) Delgado Angeline T. Miller Senior Publications Coordinator Manager of Publication Services Keith Dupuis Lorri Peters Graphics Specialist II Supervisor of Editing Patrick H. Edwards Kenneth Sherar Production Specialist IV Production Specialist III Jaime A. Gracia Alyssa Stephens Supervisor of Production and Graphics Graphics Specialist III Jenni Hesse Crystal Wolfe Editor III Production Specialist III Rhonda Kappler Jean Wulfson Graphics Specialist III Production Specialist III Shana C. Lewis Ann Yeager Editor III Distribution Specialist

*At time of publication.

IODP Proceedings 9Volume 351 Expedition-related bibliography* IODP publications

Scientific Prospectus ery Program, Expedition 351: Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc Origins: College Arculus, R., Ishizuka, O., and Bogus, K.A., 2013. Izu-Bonin-Mariana arc ori- Station, TX (International Ocean Discovery Program). gins: continental crust formation at intraoceanic arc: foundations, incep- http://dx.doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.351.101.2015 tions, and early evolution. International Ocean Discovery Program Arculus, R.J., Ishizuka, O., Bogus, K., Aljahdali, M.H., Bandini-Maeder, A.N., Scientific Prospectus, 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.2204/ iodp.sp.351.2013 Barth, A.P., Brandl, P.A., do Monte Guerra, R., Drab, L., Gurnis, M.C., Hamada, M., Hickey-Vargas, R.L., Jiang, F., Kanayama, K., Kender, S., Preliminary Report Kusano, Y., Li, H., Loudin, L.C., Maffione, M., Marsaglia, K.M., McCarthy, Expedition 351 Scientists, 2015. Izu-Bonin-Mariana arc origins: continental A., Meffre, S., Morris, A., Neuhaus, M., Savov, I.P., Sena Da Silva, C.A., crust formation at an intra-oceanic arc: foundation, inception, and early Tepley, F.J., III, van der Land, C., Yogodzinski, G.M., and Zhang, Z., 2015. evolution. International Ocean Discovery Program Preliminary Report, Expedition 351 methods. In Arculus, R.J., Ishizuka, O., Bogus, K., and the 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.14379/iodp.pr.351.2015 Expedition 351 Scientists, Proceedings of the International Ocean Discov- ery Program, Expedition 351: Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc Origins: College Proceedings volume Station, TX (International Ocean Discovery Program). Arculus, R.J., Ishizuka, O., Bogus, K., and the Expedition 351 Scientists, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.14379/ iodp.proc.351.102.2015 Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, Expedition Arculus, R.J., Ishizuka, O., Bogus, K., Aljahdali, M.H., Bandini-Maeder, A.N., 351: Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc Origins: College Station, TX (International Barth, A.P., Brandl, P.A., do Monte Guerra, R., Drab, L., Gurnis, M.C., Ocean Discovery Program). http://dx.doi.org/ 10.14379/ Hamada, M., Hickey-Vargas, R.L., Jiang, F., Kanayama, K., Kender, S., iodp.proc.351.2015 Kusano, Y., Li, H., Loudin, L.C., Maffione, M., Marsaglia, K.M., McCarthy, Arculus, R.J., Ishizuka, O., Bogus, K., Aljahdali, M.H., Bandini-Maeder, A.N., A., Meffre, S., Morris, A., Neuhaus, M., Savov, I.P., Sena Da Silva, C.A., Barth, A.P., Brandl, P.A., do Monte Guerra, R., Drab, L., Gurnis, M.C., Tepley, F.J., III, van der Land, C., Yogodzinski, G.M., and Zhang, Z., 2015. Hamada, M., Hickey-Vargas, R.L., Jiang, F., Kanayama, K., Kender, S., Site U1438. In Arculus, R.J., Ishizuka, O., Bogus, K., and the Expedition Kusano, Y., Li, H., Loudin, L.C., Maffione, M., Marsaglia, K.M., McCarthy, 351 Scientists, Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, A., Meffre, S., Morris, A., Neuhaus, M., Savov, I.P., Sena Da Silva, C.A., Expedition 351: Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc Origins: College Station, TX Tepley, F.J., III, van der Land, C., Yogodzinski, G.M., and Zhang, Z., 2015. (International Ocean Discovery Program). http://dx.doi.org/ Expedition 351 summary. In Arculus, R.J., Ishizuka, O., Bogus, K., and the 10.14379/iodp.proc.351.103.2015 Expedition 351 Scientists, Proceedings of the International Ocean Discov-

*The Expedition-related bibliography is continually updated online. Please send updates to [email protected].

IODP Proceedings 10 Volume 351