Hydrology Section American Geophysical Union | Hydrology | July Section 2020 Newsletter
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Annual Report NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA67RJ0153
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences Annual Report NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA67RJ0153 October 2001 Susan K. Avery, Director Paul D. Sperry, Executive Director University of Colorado National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Boulder, Colorado Table of Contents Director’s Welcome 3 Overview of CIRES 4 The CIRES Outreach Program/Earthworks 6 Summary of Research Highlights 7 Research Themes 9 Research Theme: Climate System Variability 10 Research Theme: Regional Processes 26 Research Theme: Geodynamics 44 Research Theme: Planetary Metabolism 53 Research Theme: Advanced Observing and Modeling Systems 59 Appendices - CIRES Committees 2000-2001 88 Appendices - CIRES Visiting Fellowship Selections 91 Appendices - Graduate Research Fellowship Program 93 Appendices - Graduate Research Fellowship Program (GRFP) Awardees 95 Appendices - Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP) 96 Appendices - Summer Minority Access to Research Training (SMART) Program 98 Appendices - Significant Opportunities in Atmospheric Research & Science (SOARS) Program 99 Appendices - Invited Interdisciplinary Lecture Series 100 Appendices - Innovative Research Program Awards 101 Appendices - Honors and Awards - 2000 106 Appendices - Community Service and Outreach - 2000 108 Appendices - Journal Publications by CIRES Scientists 114 2 Director’s Welcome Greetings! In the following pages you will find a summary of some of the exciting research that was accomplished last year in the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES). There is something for everyone: from earthquakes to geomagnetic storms and everything in between, the institute thrives on its Earth System Science approach. I encourage you to take a moment to read about our activities this past year. It is difficult to highlight any one area of research, so I won’t attempt to do so. -
Knickpoint Formation, Rapid Propagation, and Landscape Response Following Coastal Cliff Retreat at the Last Interglacial Sea-Level Highstand: Kaua‘I, Hawai‘I
Knickpoint formation, rapid propagation, and landscape response following coastal cliff retreat at the last interglacial sea-level highstand: Kaua‘i, Hawai‘i Benjamin H. Mackey†, Joel S. Scheingross, Michael P. Lamb, and Kenneth A. Farley Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION for example, the 5-m.y.-old island of Kaua‘i, Hawai‘i, has modern erosion rates in line with Upstream knickpoint propagation is an Unlike landscapes undergoing continu- those measured over thousands of years and important mechanism for channel incision, ous tectonic uplift, where erosion can balance inferred over millions of years (Gayer et al., and it communicates changes in climate, sea uplift rates, resulting in steady-state topography 2008; Ferrier et al., 2013b). This fi nding sug- level, and tectonics throughout a landscape. (Whipple and Tucker, 1999; Willett et al., 2001), gests island evolution is richer than simple topo- Few studies have directly measured the long- the life cycle of volcanic islands is dominated graphic decay and submergence, and it indicates term rate of knickpoint retreat, however, and by transiently adjusting topography, which has the possibility of persistent high rates of erosion the mechanisms for knickpoint initiation are the potential to better reveal the dominant geo- and local relief generation. debated. Here, we use cosmogenic 3He ex- morphic processes (e.g., Whipple, 2004; Bishop One possible mechanism for local relief posure dating to document the retreat rate et al., 2005; Tucker, 2009; Ferrier et al., 2013a; generation on an actively subsiding landscape of a waterfall in Ka’ula’ula Valley, Kaua‘i, Menking et al., 2013; Ramalho et al., 2013). -
Running Dry: Where Will the West Get Its Water?
PNW Pacific Northwest Research Station I NSIDE Flows Run Deep ............................................................ 2 A Warmer Outlook ........................................................ 3 Nothing to Lose ............................................................. 3 Where Will the Water Come From? The National Forests ........................................................... 5 FINDINGS issue ninety seven / october 2007 “Science affects the way we think together.” Lewis Thomas RUNNING DRY: WHERE WILL THE WEST GET ITS WATER? IN S UMMA R Y Late summer streamflow in western and central Oregon and northern California is almost exclusively due to immense groundwater storage in the Cascade Range. The volume of water stored in permeable lava flows in the Cascades is seven times that stored as snow. Nonetheless, until G. Grant Young lava flows at McKenzie Pass are an entrance into the deep aquifers that supply summer flows to rivers recently, virtually all examinations in the Cascade Range. of streamflow trends under future climates in the West have focused on “Between earth and earth’s carry us through the dry months. In fact, recent the anticipated loss of snowpack. This atmosphere, the amount of water climate studies predict future snowpack reduc- has painted an incomplete picture tions as much as 55 percent over the next 50 remains constant; there is never of the looming water resource crisis years in the Pacific Northwest. a drop more, never a drop less. that is expected because of global This is a story of circular infinity, Where will the West get its summer water? warming. Gordon Grant, a research hydrologist with the of a planet birthing itself.” PNW Research Station in Corvallis, Oregon, Researchers at the PNW Research —Linda Hogan studies this very question. -
Hydrology and Geomorphic Evolution of Basaltic Landscapes, High Cascades, Oregon
AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF Anne Jefferson for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Geology presented on September 20, 2006. Title: Hydrology and Geomorphic Evolution of Basaltic Landscapes, High Cascades, Oregon Abstract approved: ____________________________________________________________ Gordon E. Grant Stephen T. Lancaster The basaltic landscapes of the Oregon High Cascades form a natural laboratory for examining how geologic setting and history influence groundwater flowpaths, streamflow sensitivity to climate, and landscape evolution. In the High Cascades, highly permeable young basaltic lavas form extensive aquifers. These aquifers are the dominant sources of summer streamflow for the Willamette River and its tributary, the McKenzie River, whose watershed forms the study area. Groundwater is discharged at large volume, cold springs, and discharge, temperature, and isotopic measurements at seven springs were used to constrain groundwater patterns. Lava flow geometries have a significant influence on groundwater recharge areas and flowpaths, sometimes superseding topographic controls. Transit times to springs are ~3-14 years, and flowpaths are generally shallow and have limited contact with deeper geothermal systems, except at fault zones. Time-series analyses of historical discharge, precipitation, snow, and temperature records reveal that the distribution of permeable rocks and resultant groundwater systems strongly influence streamflow response to climatic forcing. The annual hydrograph is shaped by groundwater storage and release, but inter-annual streamflow variability is largely the result of climatic forcing. Over the past 60 years, warmer winters and earlier snowmelt have lengthened the summer recession period and decreased autumn minimum discharges in a groundwater- dominated watershed. A chronosequence of dated rock units, combined with field observations and measurements of slopes, contributing areas, and drainage densities, shows that the geologic history of a watershed controls the stage of drainage development. -
Climate, Landforms, and Geology Affect Baseflow Sources in a Mountain
Segura Catalina (Orcid ID: 0000-0002-0924-1172) Noone David (Orcid ID: 0000-0002-8642-7843) Jones Julia Allen (Orcid ID: 0000-0001-9429-8925) Climate, landforms, and geology affect baseflow sources in a mountain catchment Catalina Segura1,*, David Noone2, Dana Warren3,4, Julia Jones5, Johnathan Tenny1, and Lisa Ganio3 1 Forest Engineering, Resources, and Management, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA 2 College of Earth Ocean & Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University 3 Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University 4 Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University 5 College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University *Corresponding author: Catalina Segura ([email protected]) Key Points: In an average water year isotope patterns of baseflow reflected an elevational- dependent influence of precipitation and seasonal snowpack In a year with low snowpack, baseflow isotope patterns showed greater influence of water stored in colluvial deposits, such as earthflows As snowpacks decline, groundwater stored in colluvial deposits and bedrock will have greater influence on spatial patterns of baseflow This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1029/2018WR023551 © 2019 American Geophysical Union. All rights reserved. Abstract Baseflow is essential for stream ecosystems and human water uses, particularly in areas with Mediterranean climates. Yet the factors controlling the temporal and spatial variability of baseflow and its sources are poorly understood. Measurements of oxygen and hydrogen isotopic composition (δ18O and δ2H) were used to evaluate controls on baseflow in the stream network of a 64 km2 catchment in western Oregon. -
Anne Jefferson CV
Dr. Anne J. Jefferson Department of Geology, Kent State University 221 McGilvrey Hall, [email protected] Kent, Ohio, 44242 http://all-geo.org/jefferson Education and Degrees 2006 Ph.D., Geology, Oregon State University “Hydrology and geomorphic evolution of basaltic landscapes, High Cascades, Oregon” 2002 M.S., Water Resources Science, University of Minnesota “Early Tertiary and modern hydrologic environments of the Stenkul Fiord area, Ellesmere Island, Canada” 2001 B.A., Earth and Planetary Science, The Johns Hopkins University “Pedologic comparison and hydrogen and oxygen isotopic analysis of water extracted from eight soil orders.” University and departmental honors. Experience 2016-present Associate Professor, Department of Geology, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio Graduate Studies Coordinator, Department of Geology, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 2016-2017 Public Engagement Fellow, Leshner Leadership Institute, American Association for the Advancement of Science 2012-2016 Assistant Professor, Department of Geology, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 2007-2012 Assistant Professor, Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 2006-2007 Post-doctoral Research Associate, Department of Geosciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 2002-2006 National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellow, Department of Geosciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 2001-2002 Editorial and Teaching Assistant, Water Resources Center and Water Resources Science program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 2001 Water Resources Planning Assistant, Scott County, Shakopee, Minnesota Research Funding Active External Research Funding 2018-2021 Collaborative Research: Connecting local stormwater decision-making to environmental outcomes PI: A. Jefferson Co-PIs: D. Costello, V. Kelly Turner (Kent State U.), Aditi Bhaskar (Colorado State U.) Funding Agency: National Science Foundation, Environmental Sustainability Amount: $300,000 overall; $236,633 to Kent State U. -
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Downloaded from fieldguides.gsapubs.org on August 1, 201 1 Field Guides Fire and water: Volcanology, geomorphology, and hydrogeology of the Cascade Range, central Oregon Katharine Cashman, Natalia I. Deligne, Marshall W. Gannett, Gordon Grant and Anne Jefferson V. E. Field Guides 2009; 15;539-582 doi: 10.1130/2009.fld015(26) click www.gsapubs.org/cgi/alerts to receive free e-mail alerts when new articles Email alerting services cite this article click www.gsapubs.org/subscriptions/ to subscribe to Field Guides Subscribe click http://www.geosociety.org/pubs/copyrt.htm#gsa to contact GSA Permission request Copyright not claimed on content prepared wholly by U.S. government employees within scope of their employment. Individual scientists are hereby granted permission, without fees or further requests to GSA, to use a single figure, a single table, and/or a brief paragraph of text in subsequent works and to make unlimited copies of items in GSA's journals for noncommercial use in classrooms to further education and science. This file may not be posted to any Web site, but authors may post the abstracts only of their articles on their own or their organization's Web site providing the posting includes a reference to the article's full citation. GSA provides this and other forums for the presentation of diverse opinions and positions by scientists worldwide, regardless of their race, citizenship, gender, religion, or political viewpoint. Opinions presented in this publication do not reflect official positions of the Society. Notes 2009 Geological Society of America © THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA Downloaded from fieldguides.gsapubs.org on August 1, 201 1 The Geological Society of America Field Guide 15 1009 Fire and water: Volcanology, geomorphology, and hydrogeology of the Cascade Range, central Oregon Katharine V. -
Covariation of Climate and Long-Term Erosion Rates Across a Steep Rainfall Gradient on the Hawaiian Island of Kaua'i
Covariation of climate and long-term erosion rates across a steep rainfall gradient on the Hawaiian island of Kaua'i The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Ferrier, K. L., J. T. Perron, S. Mukhopadhyay, M. Rosener, J. D. Stock, K. L. Huppert, and M. Slosberg. “Covariation of Climate and Long-Term Erosion Rates Across a Steep Rainfall Gradient on the Hawaiian Island of Kaua’i.” Geological Society of America Bulletin 125, no. 7–8 (July 1, 2013): 1146–1163. As Published http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B30726.1 Publisher Geological Society of America Version Author's final manuscript Citable link http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85607 Terms of Use Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike Detailed Terms http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ 1 Covariation of climate and long-term erosion rates across a 2 steep rainfall gradient on the Hawaiian island of Kaua‘i 3 4 Ken L. Ferrier1, J. Taylor Perron1, Sujoy Mukhopadhyay2, Matt Rosener3, 5 Jonathan D. Stock4, Kimberly L. Huppert1, Michelle Slosberg1 6 1 Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of 7 Technology, Cambridge, MA 8 2 Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 9 3 U.S. Geological Survey, Hanalei, Kaua‘i, HI 10 4 U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 11 12 ABSTRACT 13 Erosion of volcanic ocean islands creates dramatic landscapes, modulates Earth’s 14 carbon cycle, and delivers sediment to coasts and reefs. Because many volcanic islands 15 have large climate gradients and minimal variations in lithology and tectonic history, they 16 are excellent natural laboratories for studying climatic effects on the evolution of 17 topography.