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Communications and Information Technology 2018 Centre County Planning Opportunities Communications and Information Technology Centre County Comprehensive Plan — Phase II Implementation Strategies Introduction County-wide In 2003, the Centre County Board of Commissioners Planning adopted a Countywide Comprehensive Plan which Goals included background studies, inventories of existing conditions, goals, and recommendations. These Adopted 2003 recommendations, revised and updated, continue to serve as a vision and a general direction for policy #1 — Identify, pre- and community improvement. serve, enhance and monitor agricultural Those specific to communications and resources. information technology will be discussed here #2 — Identify, pre- along with implementation tools to achieve the serve, and monitor recommendations. environmental and natural resources. For more detailed background information please #3 — Preserve his- refer to the 2003 Comprehensive Plan available on toric and cultural the Centre County Planning and Community resources. Development webpage at: #4 — Ensure decent, safe, sanitary and http://centrecountypa.gov/index.aspx?nid=212. affordable housing in suitable living surroundings, com- patible with the en- vironment for all The Keystone Principles individuals. #5 — Appropriately In 2005, Pennsylvania adopt- Redevelop first locate and maintain ed the “Keystone Principles existing and pro- Provide efficient infrastructure for Growth, Investment and posed community facilities, utilities, Resource Conservation”, a Concentrate development and services for all set of principles that have Increase job opportunities residents. focused Pennsylvania on Foster sustainable businesses reinvestment and reuse of its #6 — Identify and assets. Restore and enhance the environment promote economic Enhance recreational and heritage resources development initia- Initially intended for state tives to maintain agencies, these principles are Expand housing opportunities and grow a diverse becoming embraced by local Plan regionally and implement locally economic base in governments as a tool to each of the Coun- Be fair guide local decisions and ty’s planning re- gions. have become adopted into This plan update recommends county-wide adoption of county comprehensive plans. these principles. Adopted under Resolution No. 7 of 2018 by the Centre County Board of Commissioners. May 8, 2018. Page 2 Communications and Information Technology TABLE OF CONTENTS Current Trends and Considerations 3 Issue #2. Wireless infrastructure is becoming more prevalent in the landscape Internet Technology 4-6 and municipalities seek ways to mitigate Internet Issues by Planning Region 7 visual impacts. 24-28 Issue #1. Broadband internet is lacking Background & Data 24 in rural Centre County for all technology Objective, Goals & Strategies 25 types adding to the Digital Divide. 8-23 Sample Ordinance 26-27 Background 8 Disguised Wireless Infrastructure 28 Definitions 9 Interrelationships 29 Broadband Internet Maps 10-15 Sources 30 DSL 10 Cable 11 Fiber Optic 12 Fixed Wireless 13 Mobile Wireless 14 Satellite 15 Data 16-17 Internet Service Providers 18 Objective, Goals & Strategies 19 PennREN Alignment 20 Tools & Resources 21-23 Funding 21-22 Alternative measures 23 Communications and Information Technology Page 3 Current Trends and Considerations FCC rules on Internet Neutrality The Federal Communications Frieden in a March 3, 2015 article http://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc- Commission (FCC) passed a for the Centre Daily Times adopts -strong-sustainable-rules- measure in February 2015 to more explained, “Most people are tech closely regulate the internet and agnostics,” Frieden said. “As long protect-open-internet. reclassify broadband access as a as they get a connection, they are telecommunication service like a happy. Block it and they are utility. unhappy.” The new rules, based on the “It’s about ensuring fair management principles of "net neutrality," act to practices,” said David Norloff, senior provide equal opportunity for Internet speeds and access to lecturer at Penn State, quoted in the websites. The FCC’s ruling means same article. “What’s being discussed is that network owners - like Comcast allowing fair and equitable access to and Time Warner - can not content for it to be delivered to your discriminate what runs on their cables. That means that an Internet home, or just delivered period really.” service provider (ISP) can’t decide which content can come to a Net neutrality is based on the premise of customer at what speed. an Open Internet. The FCC’s ruling was To enforce fairness rules, the based on the guidelines that America’s agency will regulate network broadband networks must be fast, fair, owners under Title II of the 1934 and open so that all Americans can Telecommunications Act, a share in the economic, social and civic specific set of regulations that apply to phone companies. benefits of internet access. Penn State professor of The FCC’s new release is available at telecommunications and law Rob The Internet of Things (IoT) The Internet of things is the inter-networking of physical devices embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and network connectivity that enable these objects to collect and exchange data. IoT is also known as infrastructure of the information society. The IoT allows objects to be sensed or controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure, creating opportunities for more direct integration of the physical world into computer-based systems, and resulting in improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit in addition to reduced human intervention. Experts estimate that the IoT will consist of about 30 billion objects by 2020. As well as the expansion of Internet-connected automation into a plethora of new application areas, IoT is also expected to generate large amounts of data from diverse locations, with the consequent necessity for quick aggregation of the data, and an increase in the need to index, store, and process such data more effectively. The term "the Internet of Things" was coined by Kevin Ashton of Procter & Gamble, later MIT's Auto-ID Center, in 1999. The Centre Region Entrepreneurial Network (CREN) founded an “IoT” group which meets on a regular basis to discuss and address how internet technologies are driving entrepreneurship. Public Utility Commission rules on Distributed Antennae Systems In March 2017, the PA Public Utility eminent domain and be exempt from PUC’s website under M-2016-2517831. Commission ruled that companies which local zoning ordinances, rights legally install distributed antennae system held by utility companies with CPCs. As of the publication date of this chapter, (DAS) infrastructure are not public the ruling is being appealed by the DAS utilities; therefore, these companies are This ruling is in favor of municipal companies. not under PUC jurisdiction and can not government because it protects both be granted a certificate of public land use rights and it protects the land convenience (CPC). A CPC would give development process. More information these companies the right to exercise about the ruling can be found on the PA Page 4 Communications and Information Technology INTERNET TECHNOLOGY Phone Cable Fiber Residents and businesses can get an and upload bandwidth. Bandwidth fibers. A key benefit to fiber service is internet connection from a wall jack equates to the speed at which data is that it provides for far faster on an existing telephone network. transferred. DSL has both pros and connection speeds than DSL or cable Any home or business that has an cons. While the technology is widely internet access. End-users require a active telephone landline can receive available because it is built on modem and/or router that is fiber internet either through DSL or a dial- existing phone lines, the connection is optic compatible. Homeowners and up subscription. “distance sensitive”. The closer a user business-owners must also consider is to a central network hub the better that fiber optic service requires a Dial-up internet uses the public the connection will be. A DSL service separate power panel and electric telephone network to establish a requires a slightly different phone box for the fiber cable that is connection to an Internet service cable to acquire internet access. connected to the main electric supply provider (ISP) by dialing a telephone meter. Fiber internet is very limited in number on a conventional telephone Cable internet access uses cable Centre County. While information can line. The user's computer uses an line infrastructure to provide digital be transmitted over much longer attached modem (or router) to encode internet services. Cable provides distances, infrastructure is costly, and decode information into and from network connectivity from an internet delaying fiber optic internet projects audio frequency signals in the phone service provider to an end user just nationwide. line. However, dial-up service does as DSL or dial-up. It is integrated into not allow a user to be on the internet the cable television Cable internet The images on page 5 (right) portray and the landline telephone at the access requires a cable modem or the basic connection setup from the same time. Dial-up connections are cable router and is connected via a internet service line (phone, cable or very slow compared to other internet coaxial cable, already existing in the fiber) to a computer. services. customer’s home. Cable internet is available where cable television is. A DSL
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