Exhibitors Mit’S Official Carbon Offset Partner

[ A Specialized Monthly Journal On Military & Strategic Affairs ] 42nd Year | Issue No. 504 | January 2014 InformationMaritime superioritySafety forand maritime Security domain awareness

World Future Energy CAESAR Combat proven self- Summit 2014 propelled wheeled gun

Al Tariq precision Guidance system

Issue File The fourth generation war’s dimensions, reflections & threats IDEX 2013 Mirroring UAE’s progress

Media Academy The nationalization of the media in the UAE encounters several challenges and restraints, since the media is one of the largest sectors that suffers shortage of national staff. The -per centage of nationalization in national media organizations in the UAE is not more than 25.2 per cent, although the various media departments graduate about 700 citizens per year, which is a sufficient number to constitute an ultimate majority in the local media, whether audio, video or print. By: There are many handicaps that hider the indigenization of the UAE media, especially the press. One of these handicaps is that many graduates from the Media Department lack Staff Major\ Yousef Juma a real desire to work as journalists, especially in the press, considering it as a troublesome AL Hadad profession. Some Emiratis think that the press environment is expelling local capabilities, while others believe that there are UAE media establishments that do not want to national- Editor in Chief ize their workforce. Another factor is the absence of financial incentives for citizens in the media sector due to the low pay to locals in media, lack of training programs, and most [email protected] graduates tending to find jobs outside the media sector, especially in government human resources departments and institutions. Besides, there are social restraints related to the difficulty of women working till late hours outside their homes, which makes them refrain from working in the media sector, and the press in particular. One of the restraints is the nonexistence of media institutions that train media graduates and refine their skills and improve their experience, since they are not yet ready to join the labor market and they need to be trained and qualified to be able to keep pace with their colleagues in this field. Therefore, we would underline the initiative of HH Sheikh Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan, the UAE Minister of Foreign Affairs and Chairman of the National Media Council who stressed the necessity of ‘establishing an academy or institution concerned with qualifying a UAE national prior to joining the media business.’ The Chairman of the National Media Council has hit the mark regarding the reality of nationalization of workforce in the UAE media establishments, which are still far from the scene of events in a country that is progressing every minute. HH Sheikh Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan has emphasized that this imbalance in the performance of the UAE of its real role is the result of the absence of well-qualified Emirati media people, which is due to the fact that media firms are reluctant to recruit national staff, either because their managers are not convinced of the capability of citizens or they are reluctant to pay citizens salaries that are competitive with salaries paid by certain employment agencies that appoint media people in non-media departments, like public relations departments in government sector. The media profession combines training and skills on the one hand, and talent on the other hand. So the nationalization of this vital sector requires the encouragement of media establishments to recruit qualified national personnel through a nationalization ratio that does not disrupt the development plans of the information content and media in domestic media institutions. In conclusion, the media output plays a strategic role in creating and shaping public opinion. This means that the making of UAE public opinion must unquestionably be supervised by male and female citizens. Therefore, we believe that nationalization is a pressing necessity in order to preserve the national identity; yet the percentage of media nationalization is negligible, which requires drawing a strategic plan for nationalization of the UAE media and translating it into reality• Editorial

| Issue 504 | Jan 2014 | 3 6 < World Future Energy Summit (WFES) 2014 A Specialized Monthly Journal on Military and Strategic Affairs Issued By UAE Armed Forces. Established In August 1971.

General Supervisor Chairman of the Administrative Council General \ Matar Salem Ali AL Dhaheri Vice Chairman of the Administrative Council Brigadier \ Hassan Abdel Wahab Al Hamadi Editor in Chief Staff Major \ Yousef Juma AL Hadad Editorial Manager 8 < Major \ Jassim Shaheen Al Bloushi Art Director Moza Al Ali Singapore Air- Editorial Consultant show 2014 Mohamed Almusharaf Khalifa Sub-Editors Mariam Al Romaithi Jameela Al Kaabi Editorial Board Hanan Aldahab Al Junaibi Amal Salem Al Hosani Layout & Design 24 < Suad Al neaimi Aala Al Zaabi Huda Al Attas The Fourth Genera- Ahmed Mhammoud tion Warfare Language Rectification Eisa Al Darmaki Photos Archive Fatima Al Naqbi Advertisement & Distribution 1\Lt Khalil Mohammed Al Kaabi Tel: +971 (2) 4415999 FAX: +971 (2) 4078191 Marketing Fax :+971 (2) 4078191 E-Mail (Advertising): [email protected] Sakha Pramod E-Mail (Edit):[email protected]; [email protected] website: www.nationshield.ae Ahmed Abdul Wahhab Al hammadi

4 | Dec 2013 | Issue 503 | 28 < COVER

“We always 504

[ A Specialized Monthly Journal On Military & Strategic Affairs ] 42nd Year | Issue No. 504 | January 2014 appreciate the InformationMaritime superioritySafety forand maritime Security domain awareness

opportunity to World Future Energy CAESAR Combat proven self- work with the Summit 2014 propelled wheeled gun Emirati navy” Al Tariq precision Guidance system

Issue File The fourth generation war’s dimensions, reflections & threats IDEX 2013 38 Mirroring UAE’s progress < Al-Tariq System: provides users Information Supe- with all weather, day or night riority for Maritime operational capabilities Domain Awareness: the rise of Maritime C4I Systems 38 Arabic Section

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40 < BRIDGING THE GAPS

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| Issue 503 | Dec 2013 | 5 Events World Future Energy Summit (WFES) 2014 WFES 2014 to be the lowest-carbon energy summit to date Held under the patronage of H.H Gen- eral Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed, Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi and Dep- uty Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces, the 7th edition of the World Future Energy Summit (WFES) runs from 20-22 January 2014 at the Abu Dhabi National Exhibition Centre with the theme of ‘Powering the Future of Energy Innovation and Investment’. Since its inception in 2008, WFES has grown to become the leading discussion platform for renewable energy, clean technology and sustainability, and it is now considered the preeminent international event for government and industry decision makers to find viable, sustainable solutions to the world’s growing energy challenges. The event comprises a world-class conference that offers an unparalleled forum for political, business and intellectual debate and a large-scale exhibition which facilitates networking and transactions between manufacturers, suppliers and customers across both the public and private sectors. WFES 2014 also features a Project and bon management programme. to WFES, BP Target Neutral will offset Finance Village, a Sustainable Living BP Target Neutral is using the exper- these emissions through its portfolio of Expo, a Young Future Energy Leaders tise resulting from its role as the Car- rigorously selected best-in-class carbon programme, Tech Talk, and various cor- bon Offset Partner of the London 2012 credits. The combination of Gold Stand- porate events and social engagements. Games to reduce and neutralise, or off- ard, Verified Carbon Standard and Cli- set, the greenhouse gas emissions associ- mate Action Reserve credits are issued Lowest-carbon energy summit to ated with all travel to WFES. Indepen- by local low carbon development pro- date dently commended for its approach to jects across the globe. These innovative As the energy world looks forward to carbon offsetting, a report by Thomson technologies range from closed-loop en- the 2014 World Future Energy Summit Reuters Point Carbon found BP Target ergy powered by methane capture from (WFES) in Abu Dhabi, BP is working Neutral “sets a new bar for the major dairy cows to cyclone resistant, collaps- with Masdar to deliver the lowest-car- events industry and BP should be con- ible wind turbines in New Caledonia. bon WFES yet following the announce- gratulated for its programme design in ment of BP Target Neutral as the Sum- this regard.” Exhibitors mit’s Official Carbon Offset Partner. Using a robust methodology to calcu- WFES is expecting a significant turnout Target Neutral is BP’s not-for-profit car- late the emissions resulting from travel from the world’s most dominant coun-

6 | Jan 2014 | Issue 504 | MENA. With all the GCC states setting targets for renewable energy production, the regional appetite for renewable is creating demand for technology and know-how from all corners of the world, not only the traditional markets of Europe and the United States. Saudi Arabia alone has pledged to in- stall 54GW of renewable energy supply by 2032, of which 16GW is expected to come from solar PV, 25GW from con- centrated solar power and 9GW from wind. Collaboration in renewable and sus- Exterior facade of the Knowledge Center at the Masdar Institute tainable technology between China and emerging markets will be further pro- moted during WFES at a special side event hosted by the Chinese Renewable Energy Industries Association and the International Renewable Energy Agency, which is headquartered in Abu Dhabi. Open to registered WFES visitors, ‘China Day’ will receive ministerial level representatives from the Chinese government and guest speakers from leading corporations. Last year’s World Future Energy Sum- mit received more than 26,000 attendees and 650 exhibiting companies from 40 10 MW Solar Power Plant in Masdar City countries. Hosted by Masdar, Abu Dhabi’s re- try in the renewable energy sector, with latest Global Status Report released ear- newable energy company, the World 10 per cent of the event’s net exhibition lier this year by the renewable energy Future Energy Summit 2014 takes place space reserved for Chinese companies. advocacy group REN21. That is nearly from January 20-22 in Abu Dhabi. The Forty Chinese companies have so far 20 per cent of the world total of 480GW. seventh edition of the Summit is the signed up for the seventh edition of the China’s 12th Five Year Plan, for 2011- centerpiece of Abu Dhabi Sustainability Summit. Companies from 40 countries 2015, has earmarked US$294 billion for Week (ADSW), a global platform that including China will be represented at domestic renewable energy projects and addresses the interconnected challenges the event. WFES will once again host a a further US$376 billion to invest in en- affecting the widespread acceleration dedicated China Pavilion and hundreds ergy efficiency technologies and carbon and adoption of sustainable develop- of Chinese professional visitors are ex- emissions reduction. Chinese companies ment and renewable energy. WFESwill pected, exceeding the 523 attendees confirmed for WFES 2014 include lead- be co-located with the second Interna- from the Chinese mainland at WFES ing solar PV and wind energy compa- tional Water Summit and the inaugural 2013. nies such as Hanergy Holding, Suntech, EcoWASTE exhibition, also hosted by China has the most installed renew- Yingli Solar, JA Solar, Talesun, and Jinko Masdar• able energy power capacity in the world Solar, who see the event as a gateway to at 90 gigawatts (GW), according to the potential business partnerships across

| Issue 504 | Jan 2014 | 7 Events

Singapore Airshow 2014 Aerobatic flying displays to enthrall visitors

Singapore Airshow is Asia’s largest and one some 400 meters of picturesque coastline. CORP., Abu Dhabi Aircraft Technologies, of the most important aerospace and de- The success of Singapore Airshow 2012 re- Alpha Star Aviation Services, AM General, fense exhibitions. It is a platform of choice inforces its position as a must-attend event LLC, ATK, BAE Systems, Bell Helicopter, for industry leaders and high-level gov- in the global aviation calendar. Boeing, Bombardier, CAE, Cobham, Das- ernment and military delegations to net- With strong support from exhibitors sault Falcon, Diehl Defence, DIMO Corp., work, forge partnerships and do business, and partners, 95 percent of exhibition EADS, Elettronica S.p.A., EMBRAER, providing a springboard into the thriving space has already been booked for the Flir Systems, Inc., GE Aviation Systems, Asia-Pacific region. Held biennially, at the 2014 edition of Singapore Airshow, which General Atomics Aeronautical Systems, purpose-built Changi Exhibition Centre, will take place from 11-16 February. General Dynamics Canada, Harris Cor- Singapore Airshow offers 40,000 sqm of poration, Hawker Pacific, HISS, Insitu indoor exhibition space and a 100,000 sqm Exhibitors Pacific, Korea Aerospace Industries. LTD, outdoor display area, against a backdrop of Some of the prominent exhibitors are AAR Krauss-Maffei Wegmann GmbH & Co.KG

8 | Jan 2014 | Issue 504 | / KMW Asia Pacific Pte Ltd, L-3 Commu- support needed to allow aviation to deliver nications, Lockheed Martin Corporation, its full potential, while developing global MBDA, Northrop Grumman, Piaggio connectivity in a sustainable manner. The Aero Industries S.p.A., Raytheon Com- Summit in 2014 will be attended by Singa- pany, Rockwell Collins, Saab AB, Safran, pore’s Minister for Transport Mr Lui Tuck Schiebel, Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation, Yew, as well as speakers including Interna- SR Technics Switzerland, ST Engineering, tional Air Transport Association Director ST Kinetics, Textron Systems Corporation, General and Chief Executive Officer Mr Thales and ThyssenKrupp Aerospace. Tony Tyler. Themed “Shaping the Next Century of Conferences Commercial Aviation,” the Summit will The show also features a series of high level focus on the key issues affecting commer- conferences dedicated to leading players in SAALS brings together key global stake- cial aviation, such as the effects of counter- the global aviation industry – the Singa- holders in aviation including airlines, air- productive regulations on the industry. pore Airshow Aviation Leadership Summit craft manufacturers, airport operators, The forum will also address the need to (SAALS), the Asia Pacific Security Confer- regulators and senior government officials strike a new balance on how the industry ence (APSEC) and the A*STAR Aerospace to exchange valuable insights, network is regulated; explore the various factors Technology Leadership Forum. and engage in solutions-based discourse. that could change global connectivity and The year 2014 marks the beginning of the the opportunities that may arise from it; as Singapore Airshow Aviation Lead- second century of commercial aviation. well as discuss the next steps for building a ership Summit (SAALS) SAALS 2014 will discuss the regulatory sustainable industry following the climate

| Issue 504 | Jan 2014 | 9 Events

change discussions at the 38th ICAO Gen- nel, academics, analysts and industry lead- such as leading commercial aircraft manu- eral Assembly in September 2013. ers from around the world. facturers, engine manufacturers, systems The third edition of SAALS in 2012 saw The security environment in Asia is and components houses and aviation a record participation of more than 300 characterized by several key trends – the maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) senior transport ministry and civil avia- emergence of China as regional military companies share their insights on the chal- tion officials, airport operators, as well as power and the uncertainty that this devel- lenges and directions of research and de- top airlines executives. opment injects into the regional security velopment in commercial aviation. Some of the key speakers at past Sum- calculus; the growing volatility in the East mits include Singapore’s Former Minis- and South China Seas; the ongoing nucle- “Feature Country” ter Mentor, Mr Lee Kuan Yew; European ar crisis on the Korean peninsula; and the Singapore Airshow will introduce a new Commission Vice President and European as-yet unknown repercussions of the U.S. segment known as the “Feature Country” Commissioner for Transport, Mr Siim rebalancing toward Asia. in 2014, and the United States has been Kallas; and International Civil Aviation Adopting the theme “Asian Security Dy- designated as the first “Feature Country” Organization (ICAO) Council President, namics and the Role of Airpower”, APSEC at the show. Mr Roberto Kobeh González. 2014 will discuss how these developments In line with the theme “Iconically Amer- The Singapore Airshow Aviation Lead- play out, how they interact with each other ican”, Singapore Airshow 2014 will see the ership Summit is jointly organized by the and the impact they will have on the future largest US presence yet with more than Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore roles and requirements for airpower in the 150 U.S. companies, including 70 of them (CAAS), Experia Events, the organizer of region. in the U.S. pavilion, along with a larger the Singapore Airshow, IATA and the Sin- APSEC 2014 will feature two panel dis- contingent of U.S. government and private gapore Ministry of Transport (MOT). cussions on the themes “Rethinking Sino- sector visitors and VIP guests. The U.S. pa- US Strategies: Implications for Regional vilion is also the largest country pavilion Asia Pacific Security Conference Security” and “Airpower Modernization at Singapore Airshow 2014, forming about (APSEC) Trends: The Impact of New Technologies” a third of the total number of exhibitors. APSEC gathers distinguished speakers and respectively. The US Department of Commerce and high-level delegations from around the Department of Defense are also working world to participate in discussions shaping A*STAR Aerospace Technology closely with the U.S. business community peace and security worldwide. Since its in- Leadership Forum to highlight American participation at ception in 2002, the conference has grown In its third year, the A*STAR Aerospace the new U.S. Business Forum by Ameri- to be an important event that is highly val- Technology Leadership Forum will see can exhibitors. The two departments will ued by defense officials, military person- leaders from major aerospace companies capitalize on Singapore’s standing as Asia’s

10 | Jan 2014 | Issue 504 | aviation hub to promote its aerospace and tions as well as senior corporate executives defense capabilities to generate sales leads worldwide. in the Asia-Pacific region. Strategic High-Level Conferences - Held A world leader in aviation and defense, in conjunction with the Singapore Air- the United States is home to renowned show, two high-level conferences, namely companies including Boeing, Raytheon, the Singapore Airshow Aviation Leader- Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, ship Summit (SAALS) and the Asia Pa- Honeywell, Rockwell Collins and United cific Security Conference (APSEC), will Technologies Corporation, who are among continue to generate prolific discussions the top 50 aerospace and defense compa- on pertinent issues and challenges facing nies globally. According to a report by Cap the aviation industry, providing it with a Gemini, the United States is, by far, the compass for future directions and growth. world’s largest aerospace and defense mar- Insightful Business Forums - Presented by Jimmy Lau, Managing Director of ket, with revenues close to US$543 billion. Experia Events key aerospace buyers, government agen- Meanwhile, Asia is considered to be the cies and industry leaders, the Business Fo- fastest-growing market for aerospace and rums provide insights and strategic guid- defense products. Being a feature country “The United States’ choice ance to tap on business opportunities in at Singapore Airshow 2014 will provide of Singapore Airshow and the key aerospace growth markets. even greater opportunities for US compa- their strong presence at the Impressive Array of Static Aircraft s-Di nies to capitalize on the phenomenal avia- 2014 edition demonstrate play - A rare opportunity to witness the tion traffic growth in the Asia-Pacific and the value that Singapore remarkable display of advanced avionics springboard into this thriving region. Airshow brings to its exhib- in fighter cockpits, tour the plush cabins The US Ambassador to Singapore Kirk itors and delegates.” of luxury jets and get inside the holds of Wagar said, “The United States is very transport giants. proud to be the Feature Country at the Breathtaking Aerobatic Flying Displays - 2014 Singapore Airshow. We have a rich turn to amaze visitors with their aerobat- Be treated to the spectacular power and history in both commercial and military ics. There will also be meet-the-pilot ses- speed of military and commercial aircraft aviation and look forward to demonstrat- sions where visitors can take photographs adorning the skies with adrenalin-pump- ing the best in American aviation.” and get the pilots’ autographs. ing spins, rolls and loops Colonel Stephen Miller, Chief, Office of Defense Cooperation Singapore, add- Why Visit? All eyes on Changi ed, “We are very excited to showcase the Unique Platform to Tap Unprecedented Singapore Airshow has continued to at- United States Department of Defense avia- Business Opportunities in Asia Pacific’s tract influential government and military tion capabilities, advanced US technology, fastest growing markets - View the latest delegations as well as senior corporate ex- professional military personnel from all state-of-the-art systems and equipment to- ecutives. It has won recognition as a global US services, and products from our US in- gether with their related technologies and marketplace, networking powerhouse and dustry partners.” developments. the platform of choice for the world’s aer- Global Marketplace and Networking Pow- ospace community to forge partnerships Public day erhouse for Buyers & Sellers - Establish and do business in the thriving Asia Pa- The event will be open to the public on 15 contacts with over 900 of the world’s lead- cific region, making it a must-attend event and 16 February 2014 at the Changi Exhi- ing aerospace companies in one location. in the international aviation industry cal- bition Centre. During the two days, visi- Look out for a larger U.S. presence with endar• tors can look forward to a wide range of the inaugural U.S. Feature Country, as well exciting activities which will include static as the new Aviation Training Zone at the Photo Credit: Experia Events aircraft on display and aerobatic flying dis- 2014 event. Republic of Singapore Air Force. plays by various teams, including Singa- More than 274 Delegations from 70 coun- pore’s very own Republic of Singapore Air tries - Meet up with key decision makers Force (RSAF) Black Knights who will re- from the government and military delega-

| Issue 504 | Jan 2014 | 11 News

Boeing 777X Wind Tunnel Testing under way Visiona Tecnologia Espa- cial and Telebras sign contract Brazil’s Visiona Tecnologia Espacial SA and Telebras have signed a contract in Novem- ber 2013 to supply the Defense and Strate- gic Communications Geostationary Satellite (SGDC) system. The R$ 1.3 billion contract provides for the system to be delivered by the end of 2016. The project involves the Minis- tries of Communications, of Defense, and of Science and Technology. The satellite will be operated by Telebras on Boeing 777X the K (civilian) band and by the Ministry of Defense on the X (military) band. Boeing has announced that low-speed Low-speed testing at the QinetiQ fa- Visiona is a joint venture of Embraer and wind tunnel tests have begun for the cility is expected to last approximately Telebras and will be responsible for integra- Boeing 777X, a major milestone in air- five months. Testing also will be con- tion the SGDC system, which will expand plane development. ducted next year at the Boeing Tran- broadband internet access in remote regions “This is the first major development sonic Wind Tunnel in Seattle to further of the country, through the National Broad- milestone for the program since we validate 777X high-speed performance band Program (PNBL) and ensure Brazil’s launched the program last month,” said projections. “We are on track to com- sovereignty over the communications of its Terry Beezhold, vice president and chief plete our top-level design in 2014 and Armed Forces. project engineer of the 777X program. reach firm configuration in 2015,” said After the signing of the contract, Visiona “Wind tunnel testing will validate our Beezhold. will formalize the hiring of suppliers and will performance models and generate a vast The 777X family includes the 777- begin developing and integrating the system. amount of data that our engineering 8X and the 777-9X, both designed to The selected companies are Thales Alenia teams will use to design the airplane in respond to market needs and customer Space (TAS) to supply the satellite and Ariane this phase of development.” preferences. The airplane introduces the Space to launch the device. The contract with Testing started on Dec. 5, 2013 at Qi- latest technologies in multiple places, in- suppliers also provide for the transfer of tech- netiQ’s test facility in Farnborough, U.K. cluding the most advanced commercial nology to Brazilian companies, and that task Wind tunnel models allow experts to engine ever – the GE9X by GE Aviation will be supervised by the Brazilian National test many different configurations for – and an all-new high-efficiency com- Space Agency (AEB). the airplane. Low-speed tests measure posite wing that has a longer span than “The SGDC system not only will meet the airplane performance with a variety today’s 777. needs of Telebras’ National Broadband Pro- of high-lift surface settings to simulate Boeing and QinetiQ recently con- gram (PNBL) and the strategic communica- takeoff and landing conditions. cluded an agreement that will extend tions of the Brazilian Armed Forces, but it is The low-speed model currently being the wind tunnel partnership at Farnbor- also an opportunity for Brazil to ensure the tested is a 0.05 percent scale model of ough for an additional five years. The sovereignty of its strategic communications in the baseline 777X, measuring about 4.22 777X program was launched last month both the civilian and military areas,” explains meters long with a wing span of 3.92 with 259 orders and commitments from Telebras President Caio Bonilha. meters. Hundreds of sensors are embed- Emirates, Etihad, Lufthansa and Qatar “We are honored to have been chosen to ded in the model to measure pressure to Airways. supply a system so important to the country,” determine the in-flight loads as well as states Visiona President Nelson Salgado. provide valuable diagnostics of the aero- dynamic performance of a given design.

12 | Jan 2014 | Issue 504 | Thales’s Commander Training System for French Army Thales has announced the entry into service of a new-generation Commander Training System for the French Army. The OPOSIA system was ordered by the Direction générale de l’armement (DGA - French defense procurement agency) in order to enable training for combined- arms task forces. Deployed at the French Army’s CEN- TAC combat training centre, it will be used to instruct and train commanders of company-level combined-arms task forces, as well as section and platoon leaders. It can be coupled with the “live” training on Commander Training System the CENTAURE system. The new Commander Training System system immerses personnel in a highly re- available to rapidly upload other terrains, can be used to simultaneously train three alistic virtual 3D universe. For added real- thus guaranteeing the consistency of the sys- digitized task force commanders, their ism, personnel use their own operational tem with evolving operational requirements. subordinates (section and platoon leaders) communication and information systems This commander training system is a key and leaders of support units (engineering, for the exercises. Artificial intelligence component in Army personnel training that artillery, logistics). This makes it possible techniques specifically developed for tacti- ensures the effective coordination of support to train up to 45 people taking part in one cal applications minimize the number of units in the field, enabling unit command- or more exercises in a virtual theatre of instructors needed. ers, section leaders and platoon leaders to operations. Based on tactical simulation As well as reproducing current training develop and apply their tactical reasoning software developed by Thales, the new and deployment areas, support tools are skills on combined-arms missions. Astrium, Raytheon compete for NATO missile defense Astrium, the world’s second largest space “The Astrium-Raytheon team will pro- company, and Raytheon Company signed vide sound, innovative, and cost-effective a teaming agreement that formalizes the solutions to help develop NATO’s future companies’ plans to compete for the role ballistic missile defense capability.” as lead system engineers and integrators The NATO BMD System Engineering for the North Atlantic Treaty Organiza- and Integration contract will establish the rector of European Missile Defense. tion’s Ballistic Missile Defense Program. contractual requirements for territorial “Combined with Raytheon’s decades of NATO’s BMD Program oversees the defense, while helping create a NATO experience in ballistic missile defense in- development and execution of ballistic command and control network architec- terceptors, radars and space sensors, this missile defense capabilities, which ex- ture for Europe. It will also provide a test partnership will provide Europe the best, panded in 2012 to include the defense infrastructure for the new architecture. most affordable missile defense protec- of European populations and territories. “With more than 30 years’ experience tion.” “This transatlantic team has a proven, in ballistic missiles development and Once awarded, the contract will call for successful track record supporting na- production, ballistic battle analysis, and a 7-year period of performance with an tional and NATO missile defense,” said threat modeling, Astrium is a leader in estimated value of 67.6 million Euros (US Yannick Devouassoux, Astrium’s Head of European missile defense,” said George $91 million). Missile Defense and NATO Programmes. Mavko, Raytheon Missile Systems’ Di-

| Issue 504 | Jan 2014 | 13 News

Brunei gets 4 Sikorsky S-70i BLACK HAWK Helicopters At the recent Brunei International De- fense Exhibition (Bridex), Brunei De- fense Ministry inducted two Sikorsky S-70i™ BLACK HAWK helicopters into the Royal Brunei Air Force following an unveiling attended by His Majesty the Sultan. Two more Sikorsky S-70i BLACK HAWK helicopters are currently undergoing the process of acceptance at the Royal Brunei Air Force. Equipped with a suite of advanced avionics and sensors, the multirole aircraft can perform a variety of missions over land and water, including search and rescue, humanitarian relief, anti-piracy, troop transport and medical evacua- tion. Sikorsky is a subsidiary of United Sikorsky S-70i BLACK HAWK Technologies Corp. “These S-70i aircraft are equipped platform that will perform a diverse set November 27 via Antonov transport with exceptional operational capability of security missions.” plane from Sikorsky’s BLACK HAWK to meet the regional security require- The Brunei Ministry of Defense or- completion center in West Palm Beach, ments of the Brunei Ministry of De- dered 12 S-70i BLACK HAWK aircraft, Florida, two months ahead of schedule. fense,” said Jennifer Caruso, Sikorsky’s all of which are set to arrive by the end Sold directly by Sikorsky to interna- Vice President of Army and Air Force of 2014. The contract includes ground tional militaries and government agen- Programs. “We thank the Ministry of support equipment, spares and techni- cies, the S-70i helicopter delivers the Defense for their trust and support, cal training. The Ministry of Defense same power and lift performance as S- and we look forward to serving the has an option to order an additional 10 70M BLACK HAWK aircraft. Aircraft Royal Brunei Air Force as it fields a aircraft as part of the same contract. can be customized to meet specific modern and highly capable rotary wing The first batch of four aircraft arrived mission needs.

Saab to upgrade Australian Submarine Sub-System Defense and security company Saab has en to be a very reliable system of the Aus- high-tech solutions,” says Gunilla Frans- signed a contract with ASC Pty Ltd (Aus- tralian Collins Class Submarine. son, head of Saab’s business area Security tralian Submarine Corporation) to up- The modernization program involves and Defense Solutions. date and modernize the Integrated Ship updating electronic components and sys- Steve Ludlam, ASC Managing Direc- Control Management and Monitoring tems to alleviate upcoming obsolescence tor and Chief Executive Officer, said ASC System (ISCMMS) on the Royal Austral- issues and porting the ISCMMS software was extremely pleased to have Saab on ian Navy’s Collins Class Submarines. The to ensure the ISCMMS continues operat- board for this important project. contract has a total value SEK 180 mil- ing dependably into the future. The contract will run between 2013 lion. “ISCMMS has been a very success- and 2016 and will involve the Security The ISCMMS system provides the ful part of the Collins Class Submarine and Defense Solutions operations in Ad- submarine maneuvering control and in- and is critical to its on-going operations. elaide, Australia. tegrated platform systems management. With this contract, ASC and the Austral- Originally developed by Saab it has prov- ian Navy continue to show faith in Saab’s

14 | Jan 2014 | Issue 504 | US Army awards $28 m contract to General Dynamics The US Army TACOM Contracting Com- mand recently awarded General Dynamics Land Systems, a business unit of General Dynamics, a $28 million contract for research, development and testing in preparation for the Stryker Engineering Change Proposal (ECP) upgrade program. The Stryker ECP upgrade program is an engineering-development effort focused on integrating a group of system improvements into a single upgrade program for the Stryker eight-wheeled vehicle. The objective of this research-and-development effort is to prepare Stryker vehicles to accept additional Army-directed requirements in the future without impacting current vehicle performance. There is no production work associated with this award. Technical upgrades to the Stryker will include improved automotive and elec- trical power generation, chassis upgrades Stryker and improved vehicle network capabilities. “This award shows the Army’s long-term and future upgrades,” said Gordon Stein , Stryker’s position as the Army’s primary commitment to improving Stryker capa- vice president for Stryker Brigade Com- medium combat vehicle.” The contract will bilities for the warfighter, while ensuring bat Teams at General Dynamics Land be completed by November 2018. that platforms are able to integrate planned Systems. “This effort will maintain the Cubic bags $112 m contract from US Navy Cubic Defense Systems, a subsidi- their mission bay, our virtual trainers ary of Cubic Corporation has been provide the Navy with the key tools awarded a contract valued up to $112 necessary to deliver the full scope of million from the Naval Air Systems foundational training for the crew of Command, Training Systems Divi- the LCS ships.” sion (NAWCTSD) to develop hands- The Littoral Combat Ship program on training devices, desktop trainers Diego, Calif. and Mayport, Fla. “This represents the U.S. Navy’s most ad- and simulators for each variant of the announcement underscores Cubic’s vanced designs, capabilities and tech- Littoral Combat Ship’s (LCS) Mission continued partnership with the U.S. nologies to create the next generation Bays. Navy. We are honored to be selected of surface vessels that can operate in Under the contract, Cubic will pro- for another LCS program,” said Dave dangerous shallow and near-shore en- vide training solutions for the prepa- Schmitz, president of Cubic Defense vironments. The Littoral Combat Ship ration, launch, handling, recovery, and Systems. “Combined with three recent training programs will be executed in securing of the ships mission equip- contract awards to develop and deliver Cubic’s Orlando facility. ment. These virtual trainers will be game-based courseware for both vari- used at LCS training facilities in San ants of the Littoral Combat Ship and

| Issue 504 | Jan 2014 | 15 Report Renault, Thales develop new mobile command post

Renault Trucks Defense (RTD) and Thales presented recently, the new version of the MIDS tactical command post vehicle, integrating a mobile system for managing large-scale events and crises. The two firms, both leaders in their fields, have joined forces to offer a solution for armoured vehicles designed for forward operations and crisis centres. This new turnkey packaged solution is designed for public security missions, protection and coordination for urban events, and for crisis management and law enforcement. The mobile, interconnected command post is equipped with all the systems required to keep track of a tactical picture in real-time, using a suite of communications and command systems (professional mobile radio, LTE or 4G MIDS tactical command post vehicle technology, satcom). The vehicle is thus able to centralise information from field lance subsystems, a mini-UAV and an information to the vehicle’s driver and units and issue new instructions in real- observation camera. The crew can de- commander. time. Thanks to its collaborative sys- ploy the mini-UAV to provide visibility Renault Trucks Defense and Thales tems, MIDS can share information with one kilometre ahead and collect images are long-standing partners. Together, its command centre and higher levels of in real time. The vehicle is very mobile they offer command as operations proceed. and well protected, allowing the crew to customers packaged solutions com- The vehicle presented at Milipol is monitor an event and/or crisis continu- bining C4I1ready platforms from Re- equipped with three workstations and ously in complete safety. The Battlenet nault Trucks Defense and information two commanding officer stations. It Inside network seamlessly integrates all and command systems from Thales. incorporates perimeter video surveil- the systems to bring real-time on-screen Thales supplies the A400M simulator of the French Air Force Thales has been selected as Airbus Military’s industrial part- Air Force training centre operations to an industry partner. ner to support operations of the Airbus A400M Atlas training This training centre, which has received European Aviation centre on the French Air Force’s Orléans-Bricy base (Air Force Safety Agency (EASA) qualification, will be used by Airbus Base 123) near Orléans. Military to provide ab initio training for A400M crews, and As well as supplying the A400M Full Flight Simulator (FFS), by the French Air force to provide advanced tactical training. Thales will have responsibility for planning training activities, The Full Flight Simulator supplied by Thales utilises aircraft supporting Airbus and Air Force training staff, implementing hardware and software to represent the A400M cockpit con- training systems and maintaining the simulators. This is the figuration, and simulates the ground and flight operations of first time that the Direction générale de l’armement (DGA - the aircraft in various natural and tactical environments• French defence procurement agency) has entrusted a French

16 | Jan 2014 | Issue 504 | US Navy inducts Standard Missile-6 SM-6, developed by Raytheon, achieves initial operational capability protection against fixed- and rotary- wing aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicles and cruise missiles. The interceptor combines the airframe and propulsion of legacy Standard Missiles with the advanced signal processing and guidance control capabilities of the Advanced Medium- Range Air-to-Air Missile (AMRAAM). “This is a monumental moment for the SM-6 program and signifies a new era of fleet defense for our naval warfighters,” said Dr. Taylor W. Lawrence, president, Raytheon Missile Systems. “The SM-6 significantly improves the sailor’s ability to strike at various targets at extended range.” Raytheon has delivered more than 50 SM-6 interceptors to the Navy under low-rate production contracts. In Sep- tember, Raytheon won a contract for $243 million to build 89 new SM-6 interceptors, signaling the start of full-rate production. About the Standard Missile-6 SM-6 delivers a proven extended range air defense capability by leveraging the time-tested advantages of the Standard Missile’s airframe and propulsion. The SM-6 uses both active and semi- active guidance modes and advanced fuzing techniques. It incorporates the advanced signal processing and guid- Raytheon has delivered more than 50 SM-6 interceptors to the Navy under low-rate production ance control capabilities from Raythe- contracts on’s Advanced Medium-Range Air-to- Air Missile• The U.S. Navy has deployed Raytheon said Capt. Mike Ladner, Surface Ship Company’s Standard Missile-6 for the Weapons major program manager. “The first time, marking the initial opera- SM-6, with its ability to extend the bat- tional capability milestone for the U.S. tlespace, truly offers improved capability Navy’s newest, most advanced extended for the warfighter. I’m very proud of the range area defense weapon. entire STANDARD Missile team on this “We’re very pleased to achieve ini- historic achievement.” tial operational capability on schedule,” The SM-6 provides extended range

| Issue 504 | Jan 2014 | 17 Report NGC Reinvents Satellite Communications for Aircraft

Northrop Grumman’s newly developed SATCOM system flies aboard the Firebird demonstrator aircraft during a recent demonstration

In one year, Northrop Grumman Cor- board,” said Brett Amidon, director of poration took a satellite communica- Firebird is a new Technology Development at Northrop tions system normally used in space Grumman’s Aerospace Systems. “Our and transformed it into a high-func- breed of aircraft system provides beyond line of sight ca- tioning, low-cost communications sys- pabilities in a compact, lightweight, low- tem that can be used on aircraft. that increases profile package.” The satellite communications (SAT- real-time data During the demonstration, the SAT- COM) system was successfully dem- COM system rapidly provided full- onstrated on board the company’s Fire- collection through motion video to the ground. For demo bird demonstrator aircraft. Firebird is a purposes, the system and associated test new breed of aircraft that increases re- simultaneous equipment were housed within a pylon- al-time data collection through simul- mounted structure attached to the top taneous use of Multiple intelligence, use of ISR and of the Firebird fuselage. surveillance, reconnaissance (ISR) and The system’s small size saves a great Communications sensor payloads on a Communications deal of space, allowing more sensor pay- single platform. The system is designed sensor payloads on loads and equipment to be carried by for either manned or unmanned flight. the aircraft. The data that Firebird gathers is placed a single platform Northrop Grumman developed the into a single tool that allows users to SATCOM system using Gallium Nitride easily exploit the data to make deci- transfer. (GaN) technology, which first gained at- sions. Until now, no small communi- “It’s a game changer for those that tention as the source of brightly colored cations system has been able to send need high-quality, real-time data, but LED lights. GaN allows for high com- sensor data to a satellite and back to don’t want to – or can’t – have a large, munications output while using very lit- a ground station at such a high rate of heavy communications system on- tle physical space •

18 | Jan 2014 | Issue 504 | Typhoon marks landmark delivery of 400th aircraft The fleet has demonstrated its high operational effectiveness in international missions and trainings

400th Eurofighter Typhoon delivered - Photo Credit Cassidian_Zeitler

The German Air Force has taken delivery The 100th Eurofighter was delivered also Europe’s largest defense program. Now we of the 400th aircraft during special cer- to the Royal Air Force in September 2006. must focus much more strongly on export emony at Cassidian’s Military Air Systems The 200th aircraft was handed over in -No campaigns in order to win new contracts Center in Manching, Southern Germany. vember 2009 to the German Air Force. and new customers for this outstanding It was built by the Eurofighter consortium. The 300th aircraft was delivered to the aircraft. Right now, especially in these dif- Spanish Air Force in November 2011. ficult times in the defense industry, it is Demonstrating high operational more important than ever that we stand effectiveness In attendance up and be counted. That is what today is In the past 10 years the global Eurofighter At the ceremony, the State Secretary of the all about.” Typhoon fleet has demonstrated its high German Ministry of Defense, Christian operational effectiveness in international Schmidt, received the aircraft with the A reliable backbone of many Air missions and trainings and accumulated markings ‘31+06’. The event was witnessed Forces more than 210,000 flying hours. Several by several high ranking representatives The General Manager of NATO Eu- developments such as the Phase 1 En- from politics and industry including: the rofighter and Tornado Management hancement, the integration of the Meteor Bavarian Minister for Economic Affairs, Agency (NETMA), Jesus Pinillos, added: air-to-air missile, the new electronic radar Media, Energy and Technology, Ilse Aign- “Eurofighter Typhoon secures the airspace (E-Scan) and additional weaponry in- er; the Chief Executive Officer of Cassid- of six nations 24 hours a day, seven days a crease the capabilities of the Eurofighter ian, Bernhard Gerwert, and representa- week even under extreme arctic weather Typhoon and secure the future of this tives from the British, Spanish and Italian conditions on the Falkland Islands. The modern combat aircraft in the next dec- Eurofighter Partner companies. aircraft has proven itself as a reliable back- ades. bone of the Air Forces in Germany, Italy, A historic milestone Spain, and in the UK as well as in Austria In the hundreds Alberto Gutierrez, Chief Executive Officer and Saudi Arabia. The reliability of the The delivery of the very first Eurofighter of Eurofighter Jagdflugzeug GmbH, said: Eurofighter Typhoon in its global - mis Typhoon to the Royal Air Force in the “The delivery of the 400th Eurofighter sions has surpassed expectations”• United Kingdom took place end of 2003. Typhoon marks a historic milestone in

| Issue 504 | Jan 2014 | 19 Report Oshkosh Defense C4 and Systems Integration Integrating Equipment and Vehicle Design for Optimized Military Fleets The global battlefield has changed. Now more than ever, the overall network is critical to mission success. Military forces in the Middle East have increasingly complex requirements for the transmission and sharing of voice and digital information. They need command, control, communications and computer (C4) equipment and other systems – such as intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance – that maxi- mize their ability to communicate and share information, both within their own forces and with allies. A fully-integrated Oshkosh Defense M-ATV can deliver greater value to the military customer When integrating these systems into and improved user experience ground vehicles, the vehicle manu- Through Oshkosh Defense’s stream- this capability across the unique config- facturer traditionally has supplied the lined C4 integration process, the vehi- urations of 22 L-ATVs for the Engineer- truck independent of C4 equipment cle design and technology integration ing and Manufacturing Development selection, while a separate, third-party occur concurrently, with optimized (EMD) phase of the Joint Light Tactical integrator carries out the installation. results for both. This “first pass” inte- Vehicle (JLTV) program. However, this disjointed approach, re- gration approach delivers greater value Oshkosh uses a 3D modeling and de- quiring vehicles to be torn apart and to the military customer and a more sign process to design the vehicle with then reassembled, is risky, costly and ergonomic systems layout for vehicle the required systems and capabilities. time-consuming. Additionally, as mili- occupants. These virtual models reduce potential tary vehicles continue to become more Because a third-party integrator is no system conflicts or interference up front, complex, the risks of this approach in- longer needed, Oshkosh Defense’s ap- before vehicle production begins. Os- crease. The “bolt-on” method can cause proach greatly expedites vehicle field- hkosh also operates a System Integra- system interference and degraded sys- ing. For example, working on highly tion Lab to fully test and optimize the tems performance. It also presents a accelerated schedules, Oshkosh has equipment for specific applications. The lower-quality layout, with redundant delivered more than 9,500 MRAP All- company can work directly with the cus- displays and lack of focus on the needs Terrain Vehicles (M-ATVs) pre-wired tomer and leverage feedback to improve of forces in the field. and ready for C4 equipment, allowing the user experience, such as strategically With extensive experience in both ve- the vehicles to be fielded more quickly. placing the most-commonly used equip- hicle design and integration, Oshkosh Likewise, Oshkosh Defense can deliv- ment for easier access and use. Defense provides a unique C4 and er its Light Combat Tactical All-Terrain systems integration process to equip Vehicle (L-ATV), a next-generation Meeting the Needs of the Future military forces in the Middle East with lightweight vehicle that delivers unprec- Battlefield optimal access to the information and edented levels of off-road mobility, in As the battlefield evolves, military forces technology they need. Oshkosh under- similarly rapid fashion with fully inte- in the Middle East will need to be ready stands the need to bring the network to grated and tested C4 equipment. This to upgrade their vehicles as require- the mission. includes factoring the mechanical, elec- ments change. Merging C4 and sys- trical and user interfaces into the vehi- tems integration into the vehicle design The First-Pass Integration Ap- cle design process and creating multiple process allows Oshkosh to account for proach mission packages. Oshkosh delivered further growth of systems in the future.

20 | Jan 2014 | Issue 504 | New TRS-4D naval radar for German F125 frigates demonstrates capabilities in sea trials High precision, particularly when detecting small targets

German Navy’s F125 class frigates

Cassidian’s new radar for the German the advantages of AESA technology class should replace the German Navy’s Navy’s F125 class frigates has demon- (Active Electronically Scanned Array) F122 “Bremen” class ships from 2016. strated its particular reconnaissance and to also be fully exploited for small and Cassidian, the defence division of surveillance capabilities during tests in medium-sized ships, for the first time. EADS, is a worldwide leader in defence the North Sea and Baltic Sea and dur- Thanks to the use of multiple independ- and security solutions. The company de- ing factory acceptance tests. In two test ent emitters in its antenna, this system livers advanced defence systems along series of several weeks, the TRS-4D is more accurate and faster than con- the whole action chain from sensors naval radar showed an extraordinarily ventional radars, allowing it to tackle a through command & control systems to high precision, particularly when detect- wider-than-ever range of targets, e.g. for combat aircraft and unmanned air sys- ing small targets such as UAVs, guided protection against asymmetric attacks. tems. In the area of security, Cassidian missiles and periscopes. Subsequently, The system architecture is designed so provides customers worldwide with bor- the customer confirmed the system’s ca- that the radar systems’ capabilities can der surveillance systems, cyber security pabilities during the factory acceptance easily be extended, through software up- solutions and secure communications. test at Cassidian’s Ulm location. dates. In 2012, Cassidian – with around 23,000 At the beginning of the test series, For the F125 frigates, the system will employees – achieved revenues of € 5.7 which ran for over a year, the radar un- be deployed in a version with four fixed billion. Effective from January 1, 2014, derwent functional tests on the beach, arrays. Using electronically controlled Cassidian will be integrated into ‘Airbus which were carried out by the Bun- beams, these planar arrays are able to Defence and Space’ together with Airbus deswehr Technical Centre No. 71 in track individual targets much more ac- Military and Astrium• Surendorf. Next year, the first system curately than mechanically rotating an- is planned to be integrated into the tennas, whose update rate depends on “Baden-Württemberg” lead ship. their rotational speed. The four F125 The new radar’s system concept allows frigates of the “Baden-Württemberg”

| Issue 504 | Jan 2014 | 21 Report UAE security delegation attends Milipol, Paris Networking with industry peers, the delegation highlighted the ISNR 2014 to be held in Abu Dhabi A government delegation from the Unit- tory Authority (TRA), Emirates Ad- ed Arab Emirates (UAE) attended one vanced Investments, and Atlas Group. of Europe’s premier events on homeland In addition, companies such as MP3 security and law enforcement in Paris, International, Motorola Solutions, to discuss best practice with industry Smiths Detection, Thales Group, a glob- peers and promote the 2014 edition of al leader in advanced technologies for the International Exhibition for Security defence, security, space and transpor- and National Resilience (ISNR) event in tation industries, Harris Corporation, Abu Dhabi from 1-3 April, 2013. year, bookings for next year’s event have Morpho (Safran), Cassidian EADS, In- The delegation including the repre- grown by 35 percent when compared to ternational Armored Group, American sentatives from the UAE Ministry of the same period last year.” Science and Engineering Inc. (AS&E), Interior, Civil Defense and Abu Dhabi He added: “The significant presence and Elcom International, have also con- Police attended Milipol, Paris, a premier of local, regional, and international ex- firmed participation. platform for security and law enforce- hibitors participating and exhibiting the ISNR Abu Dhabi 2014 will feature ment. The 18th edition of the four-day latest and most advanced innovations dedicated platforms for Homeland Se- event which took place under the ae- and technologies in security, safety and curity and National Resilience, Informa- gis of the French Ministry of Interior emergency, demonstrates Abu Dhabi’s tion Security, and Critical Infrastructure (Homeland Security Department) drew ability to organise and host large inter- Security. It will also feature two collocat- more than 30,000 visitors from 50 coun- national activities and exhibitions. ed launch events: Fire and Emergency tries. “The Emirate has become a key busi- Middle East (FEME) and Occupational The key objective of the visit was to ness tourism destination across several Safety and Health Middle East (OSH allow the UAE delegation to share in- industries, which is reflected in the in- ME). In addition, a high level interna- formation with Milipol exhibitors and terest of several leading international tional conference on security challenges participators ahead of Abu Dhabi’s mul- companies committing to participate in is scheduled for March 31, 2014. tifaceted ISNR and to better understand this biennial event ahead of the dead- Attracting governmental, semi-gov- the needs and trends of a rapidly evolv- line. ernmental and private sector attendees, ing security industry. The delegation “ISNR Abu Dhabi 2014 is a platform ISNR Abu Dhabi 2014 is expected to stressed the importance of Abu Dhabi that introduces the very latest safety and attract 400 exhibitors and 15,000 senior as a regional leader in homeland se- security technologies to regional indus- security, safety and risk prevention pro- curity and national resilience against a try professionals – facilitating knowl- fessionals from across the Middle East, backdrop of ever sophisticated threats. edge sharing and promoting the adop- North Africa and the world. Seventyfive percent of the ISNR’s tion best practice. With every edition, Taking place at Abu Dhabi National exhibition space has been booked six ISNR further establishes itself as one of Exhibition Centre (ADNEC) the event months ahead of the launch date. the leading events specific to safety and is organized by the Ministry of Interior Major General Staff Dr. Obeid Al security in the region – a fact demon- in cooperation with REED Exhibitions• Kutbi, Deputy Commander-in-Chief of strated by the surge in exhibition book- Abu Dhabi Police and Chairman of the ings.” Higher Organizing Committee of ISNR The list of companies set to participate and the International Conference on includes, Tawazun, International Gold- Security Challenges to be held a day been Group (IGG), Advanced Integrated fore the exhibition said: “Despite the 40 Systems, Mubadala Development Com- percent increase in exhibition space this pany, the Telecommunications Regula-

22 | Jan 2014 | Issue 504 |

ESY14_annonce Nation Shield.indd 1 ESY14_annonce Nation Shield.indd 1 16/04/13 09:43 Issue File The Fourth Generation Warfare Marks a radical global transition from the industrial community to an information-based one

‏Simply‏expressed,‏the‏ Fourth‏Generation‏Warfare‏ (4GW)‏is‏‘war‏in‏which‏one‏ of‏the‏major‏participants‏ is‏not‏a‏state‏but‏rather‏ a‏violent‏non-state‏actor’.‏ It‏has‏specific‏features‏that‏ distinguish‏it‏from‏the‏ three‏earlier‏generations‏of‏ warfare‏that‏were‏witnessed‏ by‏humankind.‏Probably‏ the‏most‏prominent‏of‏ these‏features‏is‏the‏non- distinction‏between‏what‏ is‏military‏or‏civilian,‏and‏ between‏the‏practice‏of‏po- In other words, the tools of political ac- such warfare is not the state but organi- litical‏activity‏and‏fighting‏ tion may be invested instead of carrying zations, groups and individuals, which on military conflicts, and politics may represents the military aspect of the military‏conflicts. play the roles that use to be performed New World Order in its political mani- through wars and battles, thus civilians festation based on the globalize individ- can carry out a military action. The term ual instead of the nation state. It marks By:‏Editorial‏Board the Fourth Generation Warfare (4GW), a radical global transition from the in- according to the U.S. perspective, has dustrial community to an information- been used to mean terrorist organiza- based one. Such social transformation tions, where the war is between a regular would not occur without causing a fun- army of a state and a non-state or against damental change in war strategies. hidden cells or enemy scattered in different parts of the world. ‏Main‏features‏of‏the‏Fourth‏Gen- The concept of the Fourth Genera- eration‏Warfare(‏4GW‏): tion Warfare is that the major actor in - Centrality of ideas and ideologies: Ideas

24 |‏‏Jan‏2014‏|‏‏Issue‏504‏‏| ation against states witnessed in the world for decades, such as strikes, dem- onstrations, sit-down protests and civil disobedience, are already being taught in international organizations and major states that sponsor local individuals and groups in different parts of the world. Other features and factors of Fourth Generation Warfare( 4GW )include the folowing: - Global -- modern technologies and economic integration enable global operations. - Pervasive -- the decline of nation-state warfare has forced all open conflict into the 4GW mold. - Granularity -- extremely small viable groups and variety of reasons for conflict. - Vulerability -- open societies and form a critical basis in launching fourth the courses of conflict in Fourth Gen- economies. generation wars and determining the eration Warfare( 4GW ), because such - Technology -- new technologies have criteria of winning or losing them. warfare depends on ideas. dramatically increased the productivity - The complicated nature of warfare: It - Centrality of economic, political, se- of small groups of 4GW warriors. is difficult to understand the nature of curity and military factors: Despite the -‏ Media -- global media saturation fourth generation warfare, for it is not fact that culture is the essence of con- makes possible an incredible level of traditional conflicts, with clear begin- flict in Fourth Generation Warfare, the manipulation. nings and definite timings, so stages success of such wars simultaneously re- overlap and it is difficult to build -im quire effective economic, political, secu- The ‏Historical‏Evolution‏of‏Warfare:‏ penetrable defenses at the ideological rity and military pressures and effects in According to William S. Lind, “The and intellectual levels which are the order to activate the cultural demolition Four Generations began with the Peace main theater of such warfare. plans that target the values of societies, of Westphalia in 1648, the treaty that - Depending mainly on psychologi- states and nations. ended the Thirty Years’ War. With the cal, moral and media effects: These ef- - The emergence of advanced types of Treaty of Westphalia, the state estab- fects play the most important role in interactions: Many types of internal lished a monopoly on war. Previously,

|‏‏Issue‏504‏‏|‏‏Jan‏2014‏‏| 25 Issue File

for the infantry, tanks, and artillery, in a “conducted battle” where the commander was in effect the conductor of an orchestra. ”Third Generation warfare, like Sec- ond, was a product of World War I. It was developed by the German Army, and is commonly known as Blitzkrieg or maneuver warfare.Third Generation warfare is based not on firepower and attrition but speed, surprise, and mental as well as physical dislocation. Tactically, in the attack a Third Generation military seeks to get into the enemy’s rear and collapse him from the rear forward: instead of “close with and destroy,” the Third‏Generation‏military‏seeks‏to‏get‏into‏the‏enemy’s‏rear‏and‏collapse‏him motto is “bypass and collapse.” In the defense, it attempts to draw the enemy in, then cut him off. War ceases to be many different entities had fought wars a shoving contest, where forces attempt – families, tribes, religions, cities, busi- to hold or advance a “line;” Third Gen- ness enterprises – using many different Most‏of‏the‏ eration warfare is non-linear.Charac- means, not just armies and navies (two teristics such as decentralization and of those means, bribery and assassina- things‏that‏ initiative carry over from the Third to tion, are again in vogue). Now, state mili- distinguish‏ the Fourth Generation, but in other re- taries find it difficult to imagine war in spects the Fourth Generation marks the any way other than fighting state armed “military”‏from‏ most radical change since the Peace of forces similar to themselves.” Westphalia in 1648. In Fourth Genera- He speaks about the different genera- “civilian”‏were‏ tion war, the state loses its monopoly on tions of warfare: “The First Generation war. All over the world, state militaries of Modern War runs roughly from 1648 products‏of‏the‏ find themselves fighting non-state- op to 1860. This was war of line and col- First‏Generation ponents such as al-Qaeda, Hezbollah, umn tactics, where battles were formal and the FARC. Almost everywhere, and the battlefield was orderly. The rel- the state is losing.One key to success evance of the First Generation springs in 4GW may be “losing to win.” Part of from the fact that the battlefield of order the reason the wars in Afghanistan and created a military culture of order. Most more at odds with it. Iraq are not succeeding is that our initial of the things that distinguish “military” ”Second Generation warfare was one invasion destroyed the state, creating a from “civilian” - uniforms, saluting, care- answer to this contradiction. Developed happy hunting ground for Fourth Gen- ful gradations or rank – were products of by the French Army during and after eration forces. In a world where the state the First Generation and are intended to World War I, it sought a solution in is in decline, if you destroy a state, it is reinforce the culture of order.The prob- mass firepower, most of which was indi- very difficult to recreate it.Fourth gener- lem ever since has been a growing con- rect artillery fire. The goal was attrition, ation warfare is normally characterized tradiction between the military culture and the doctrine was summed up by the by a violent non-state actor (VNSA) and the increasing disorderliness of the French as, “The artillery conquers, the fighting a state. This fighting can be battlefield. The culture of order that was infantry occupies.” Centrally-controlled physically done, such as by modern once consistent with the environment in firepower was carefully synchronized, examples Hezbollah or the Liberation which it operated has become more and using detailed, specific plans and orders, Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). In this

26 |‏‏Jan‏2014‏|‏‏Issue‏504‏‏| All‏over‏the‏ world,‏state‏ militaries‏now‏ find‏themselves‏ fighting‏non- state‏opponents

realm the VNSA uses all three levels of fourth generation warfare. These are the physical (actual combat; it is considered the least important), mental (the will to In‏Fourth‏Generation‏war,‏the‏state‏loses‏its‏monopoly‏on‏war fight, belief in victory, etc.) and moral (the most important, this includes cultural norms, etc.) levels.” The drivers of the Fourth Generation Warfare ( 4GW ) include the loss of the nation-state’s monopoly on violence, the rise of cultural, ethnic, and religious conflict, and Globalization (via technological integration).Fourth generation warfare aims to convince the enemy’s political decision makers that their goals are either unachievable or too costly for the perceived benefit. ‏Strengths‏of‏the‏Fourth‏Genera- Disorderliness‏of‏the‏modern‏battlefield tion‏Warfare(‏4GW‏) Since the actors in the Fourth Genera- Experts think that one of the poten- performance of any tactics in a decen- tion Warfare are not official, the central tial strengths of the Fourth Genera- tralized way. This is clear in the armed command is not the key to the success tion Warfare is that it is not limited by militias that provide a large margin for of such wars that are not connected with the rule of law. It only uses it when it maneuvering for their recruits in carry- charismatic leaderships. Experts argue is in its interest, when it wants to use ing out attacks, so that they should excel that Qaeda has become more dangerous it to defame opponents and draw atten- any official forces that comply with the after the death of Bin Laden, and that tion to their legal violations in order to law and fear accountability• Afghan Taliban is acting more strongly deprive them of the cover of domestic without a clear leadership, since Mulla and international legitimacy. There is Omar is busy most of the time hiding also a relative advantage of the Fourth from the American and Afghan chase. Generation Warfare that lies in its quick

|‏‏Issue‏504‏‏|‏‏Jan‏2014‏‏| 27 Interview Vice Admiral John W. Miller: “We always appreciate the opportunity to work with the Emirati navy and we look forward to any opportunity in the future” By: Sakha Pramod fulfill that commitment that the Secretary Photo by: Abdul Rahman Al made. Qubaili How do you evaluate the current se- VADM John W. Miller, Commander, U.S. curity threats to Middle Eastern coun- Naval Forces Central Command, U.S. tries? 5th Fleet, Combined Maritime Forces, I will talk about the maritime threat be- was one of the several top decision mak- cause that is the line I work in. There are ers who attended Offshore Patrol Vessels potential threats to maritime security here 2013 conference. Nation Shield spoke to in the region and they are well known. him on a wide range of issues pertaining So I do not necessarily need to catalogue to maritime security and stability in the them. But we understand them. We work Middle East including piracy and safe pas- in an environment each day where we sail sage for commerce. Excerpts: Gulf and back home again safely. And that amongst the Iranian navy and the revo- did not change when the United States lutionary guard units on a regular basis. You are stationed at one of the most and the Coalition went to Afghanistan. It So we understand them. They understand volatile regions in the world? What are did not change when they went into Iraq. us. It is a complex environment. But it is the major challenges you face in this It will not change when the mission in Af- an environment we are well aware of and assignment? ghanistan is completed. We will be here are able to operate in and able to operate Our job is to contribute to maritime secu- for a long time to come. We will continue comfortably. rity and stability. That is our mission. We to make sure that the maritime environ- do that through a coalition maritime force ment is safe and secure. As the threats in the region diminish currently comprising 30 different nations. and as the U.S. focus seemingly shifts And each day that is what we do through The U.S. is likely to deploy only one elsewhere, is there any plan to shift three task forces: Task Forces 150, 151 and carrier here for years to come. Will your base from Bahrain? 152. Through those three task forces we your operations be scaled down as the We have a very long and fruitful relation- cover the Gulf. We cover the entire theater U.S. government has recently seen an ship with the Bahrainis. We have had of operations from the Suez Canal to the unprecedented financial shutdown? forces in Bahrain since 1948. We have eastern borders of Pakistan and we cover I am satisfied with the force posture that significant infrastructure in Bahrain. Bah- the current piracy mission. the U.S. has today. I have had an oppor- rainis are great partners; they have always tunity to review the proposed force struc- been great partners. I anticipate that they As the U.S. has withdrawn from Iraq ture which is essentially unchanged from will be great partners for us for the fore- and is slated to pull out of Afghani- what we have today. So I am satisfied that seeable future. I think the best example of stan, what will be the new focus for we will have sufficient force structure in our ongoing commitment to our base in you? order for us to accomplish our mission Bahrain is the fact that we have about half Our focus has not changed since 2001. in the future. Secretary Hagel, when he a billion dollars of infrastructure invest- It is maritime security, maritime stability spoke at the Manama Dialogue, was very ment ongoing over the next several years and ensuring the free flow of commerce. clear about an ongoing US commitment that will allow us to replace existing ships, It ensures that a ship that gets underway to the region. And our maritime force minesweepers and patrol craft with littoral from anywhere in the world can sail from posture, the one we have today, and the combat ships which are the ships of the that port to the northern regions of the one proposed for the future, allows us to future. And so investing in the infrastruc-

28 | Jan 2014 | Issue 504 | Biography Vice Adm. Miller was commissioned an ensign upon graduation from the United States Naval Academy in 1979. He was designated a naval flight officer in June 1980 and received orders to Fighter Attack Squadron (VF) 101 for replacement training in the F-14A Tomcat. Miller has spent a majority of his operational career deploying to and operating in the U.S. Central Command area of responsibility. Sea tours include VF 31 as a division officer, VF-84 as maintenance -of Nation Shield with VADM Miller, Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Central Command ficer, and command of VF-142, VF-101, USS Dubuque (LPD 8), USS Juneau (LPD 10), USS Constellation (CV 64), USS John ture to support those ships shows that we First of all, it is more than just about oil. F. Kennedy (CV 67), and Carrier Strike intend to stay in Bahrain in the foresee- It is about the safe passage of every ship Group 11. able future. regardless of what they are carrying. Sec- After promotion to rear admiral, Miller ondly, not only do the Europeans already spent a considerable amount of time fo- How successful are conferences like contribute but we have nations in our cusing on the U.S. Central Command area of responsibility serving as deputy com- OPV in combating the prevalent combined maritime force from virtu- mander to U.S. Naval Forces Central Com- threat of maritime insecurity in the ally across the globe, from Japan who on mand/United States 5th Fleet and deputy Indian Ocean? December 8 joined the Task Force 151, director, Strategy, Plans, and Policy (J5); We talk a lot about building partnerships, a counter piracy task force, to nations in and, chief of staff, U.S. Central Command. capacities and capabilities. For me, part- Europe, to Canada, to Australia and so it Miller is a distinguished graduate of the nership is not just one of our coalition really is a global effort ongoing right now. Naval War College and holds a master’s de- gree in International Relations from Salve partners getting increasing capability or During our International Mine Counter- Regina University. getting increased capacity. But it is get- measures Exercise 2013 in May of this Miller has accumulated more than 3,500 ting greater capability or capacity that we year, we had 40 nations participating from flight hours and 1,000 carrier-arrested can integrate into our operations so it al- every inhabited continent on the planet. landings in the F-14 Tomcat flying off of lows us the opportunity to fully integrate So the effort to maintain security and sta- John F. Kennedy, USS Nimitz (CVN 68), and operate together or exercise together. bility in this region truly is a global effort. USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN 71), USS George Washington (CVN 73), USS Kitty Conferences like this help us to get to Hawk (CV 63), and Constellation. know one another; get to understand the Sometimes you may face a trigger Miller left command of the Naval Strike needs of individual navies so that we can happy enemy. How do you manage to and Air Warfare Center in October 2011 to move forward together, so that if there is keep restraint to ensure that the prov- serve as the special assistant to the Deputy a need to operate together we are capable ocation does not end up as a serious Chief of Naval Operations for Operations, of doing that. Mostly it gives us the oppor- confrontation? Plans, and Strategy (N3/N5) in Washing- ton D.C., before reporting as commander, tunity to understand how we can exercise We provide very specific guidance to our U.S. Naval Forces Central Command/ together, so that when we have to operate commanders on the need to prevent the United States 5th Fleet/Combined Mari- together we are ready. opportunity for miscalculation. We are time Forces. here to maintain security, not to create His awards include the Defense Superior A main responsibility of the U.S. Navy confrontation. Service Medal (2), Legion of Merit (5), is to ensure smooth passage of oil from Bronze Star, Meritorious Service Medal (3), Strike Flight Air Medal (2), Navy and the region. Do you think the European What impact will U.S. self reliance on Marine Corps Commendation Medal (5), nations need to pitch in this effort as oil have on the U.S. military and naval Navy and Marine Corps Achievement the U.S. dependence on Middle East presence in the Middle East? Medal, and numerous unit and campaign oil has fallen over the years? Oil is a global commodity. Japan gets awards.

| Issue 504 | Jan 2014 | 29 Report

Can you tell us about your peacetime operations and how important they are to maintain stability in any region? One of the things that we are familiar with is that it is always better to be able to operate forward and that is why our base in Bahrain is so important. You cannot build trust unless you work together and that is why it is so important for us to be here. It enables us to attend conferences and also be together in the maritime environment Vice Adm. John W. Miller speaks with U.S. Marines assigned to Fleet Anti-terrorism Security day after day, working side by side toward Team Company, Central Command (FASTCENT) (Photo @ NAVCENT) a common goal which is maritime security. over 80 percent of its oil from the Gulf and mission with the United States. And so we China gets about 70 percent of its oil from are making great progress in conducting Your opinion about UAE’s flagship ex- the Gulf. If the flow of oil from the Gulf counter piracy missions with the navies of hibitions IDEX, NAVDEX and Dubai is impeded, it is going to have an immedi- both these countries. Airshow? ate impact on the global economy. That is I have attended the IDEX and it was spec- bad for everybody. So no one nation can What is your word of advice to the tacular. I have had a chance to attend all any longer say that they are self reliant on GCC countries on strengthening their these conferences. As I mentioned this is oil. It is a global commodity and all of us naval defense? an opportunity to build personal relation- are concerned about oil supply on a global We work very closely with the GCC and ships, it is an opportunity to build trust, it basis and so it is always going to be im- are helping them increase our partner- is an opportunity to discuss future initia- portant, whether it is here or whether it is ship, capacity and capability. We conduct tives which often times turn into exercises on the west coast of Africa or whether it is about 25 exercises a year with the GCC. or turn into future conferences. So these from the United States or North America. Where I am particularly optimistic is that events are valuable. I was here for the we are seeing greater cooperation among Dubai Airshow as well. Piracy is another major challenge. the GCC navies themselves where they are What role do you see for newer allies joining together more and more to lever- What message would you like to give like China and India in combating this age the capabilities of the entire GCC as to Nation Shield readers? threat? an entity as opposed to individual GCC When we talk about maritime security we Our Combined Maritime Forces conduct navies. I think that is a very good trend. often tend to talk about the number of a quarterly conference called “the shared ships, we talk about how big the ships are awareness and deconfliction (SHADE) In your opinion what is the best way and what kind of weapons the ships have. conference”. It is a counter piracy focused for UAE and U.S. to work in order to What we continually find is the most im- conference. We held that conference last boost security and stability in the Ara- portant aspect of success in the maritime week at our headquarters in Bahrain. bian Gulf region? environment is the quality of our sailors- What we learnt out of that conference is We just need to continue the ongoing co- whether they are Americans or Emiratis- that the Chinese are interested in greater operation and look for expanded oppor- and what we find time after time is when- cooperation in counter piracy mission tunities wherever we can to improve our ever we can put our sailors together they and so I am optimistic that we are mak- interoperability, to improve our ability to form a special bond, a special kinship. ing progress in that regard. Last week we integrate whether it is in an exercise or an We always appreciate the opportunity to met with a senior official from the Indian actual operation. As always the exchange work with the Emirati navy and we look Navy. They are specifically interested in of information is going to continue to be forward to any opportunity in the future• greater cooperation in the counter piracy important.

30 | Jan 2014 | Issue 504 | “Improved Food and Water Strategic Security – a Domestic Imperative” Perspectives Mohammad Abdel Raouf wrote recently in Gulf News that “there is no doubt that water is essential for all forms of life. Besides its importance for maintaining healthy ecosystems, it is a fundamental resource for human survival and socio-economic development.” Unlike most of the strategic issues in this country, which are most often posed by external factors outside the UAE, food and water security (which are fundamentally interrelated) are domestic issues of vital concern. Luckily, the UAE has already demonstrated admirable leadership in addressing these areas; even so, much more must be done to ameliorate the very real threat food and water scarcity poses to all nationals. Exploding demographic increases and rising prosperity around the world will only increase the global demand for food and water in the coming decades. Water also fuels the global economy; the production of electricity and many other forms of energy requires water, and with global energy demands increasing, the demand for more water will certainly expand significantly. Although there is increasing cooperation among nations, NGOs and businesses on these issues, the sad news is that climatic conditions and insufficient technology mean future efforts still may will not keep pace with the demand. We will likely never achieve enduring food and water security in the Arab world. But more importantly, those challenges demand new methods and innovative approaches just to achieve the minimum level of human security people deserve. The national government is well aware of this problem. The MOFA Director of Energy and Climate Affairs, Dr. Thani Al Zeyoudi, recently reinforced that energy, water and food security are matters of utmost priority by saying: “The UAE attaches great importance to the issue of energy-water-food nexus… A coherent and strategic policy framework is important in addressing different elements of the nexus and we already have a range of existing strategies and initiatives at both federal and local levels. However, national level coordination on the nexus as a whole could be strengthened through vertical By: Dr. John R.Ballard and horizontal governmental cooperation…. The nexus concept needs to be integrated into energy Dean of National Defence conversations, especially at the level of policy makers.” The UAE also made water security a major focus of the 2011 meeting of the G20. College Recent improvements here in the UAE have already resulted in: increases in organic greenhouse [email protected] farming (which saves water by reducing evaporation); development of a new national water conservation campaign including the construction of recharge dams that replenish ground-water reserves; and the water saving accomplishments of the Sharjah Electricity and Water Authority through its distribution of water conservation kits. Still, more must be done if we are to keep pace with expanding demands for such fundamental resources. Additional partial solutions for food and water scarcity problems include actions such as: utilizing more renewable energy sources in the region; improving water legislation and strengthening the mecha- nisms for its implementation; reforming institutions and legal processes to better align responsibilities in the water, agriculture and energy sectors; and, further increasing public water and energy awareness to encourage food, water and energy conservation. Ultimately improving the long term viability of food and water resources in this country will require the active participation of every UAE national – such a commitment to a better future is an easy decision to make•

| Issue 504 | Jan 2014 | 31 Interview “It is of great importance, the assistance which UAE provide worldwide wherever and whenever required”

By: Major Jassim Shaheen AlBloushi LieutenantBiography General Evangelos Tour- nas is Chief of Staff of the Hellenic In an interview to Nation Shield, Lt Gen- Air Force. As Chief, he is responsi- eral Evangelos Tournas, Chief of Hellenic ble for the organization, training and Air Force, has heaped praise on the UAE equipping of all military and civilian Air Force’s humanitarian efforts world- personnel of the Hellenic Air Force wide and reaffirmed the excellent coop- serving in Greece and overseas. As a eration between the defence forces of the member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, two nations. Excerpts: the general and other service chiefs function as military advisers to the You have an extensive program for Minister of National Defence. He training. Do you offer training for assumed his duties on March 9th, cadets from other countries particu- 2013. larly from the GCC? Chief of Hellenic Air Force Before his assumption of duties as Primary, I would like to kindly thank you Chief of the HAFGS, he served as for your invitation to give an interview to very near future, officers from UAE will Chief of Tactical Air Force and the such privilege journal. It is a great oppor- attend our Accident Prevention Course. Commander of the Combined Air tunity for me, to express my best impres- When it comes to the Air Force Acad- Operations Center 7 (CAOC 7). He sions about the UAE Air Force humani- emy, we maintain the experience and reserved as Air Attache at the Hellenic tarian efforts worldwide and confirm the sources to develop skilled officers and to Embassy in Germany. He has more excellent cooperation between the two provide excellent air and ground training than 4000 flight hours. He has flown: Defense forces. In recent years, there are for future air force leaders. Personally, I T-41D, T-37B/C, T-2E, T-33A/B, common interests, especially in the mili- will welcome such cooperation initiatives F-5A/B, Mirage F-1CG and Mirage tary affairs. All these activities are taking between our countries and I believe that 2000 aircraft. place in a very good climate of coopera- such tie will facilitate the development of Medals - Decorations tion, as a corollary to excellent relations future bonds between our air force lead- • Order of Honor Commander’s between the two countries. ers. Badge For many decades, training in HAF is • Grand Commander’s Badge of “Or- one of the main pylons for our air force What are the key humanitarian mis- der of Phoenix” capability development. Through years, sions where Hellenic Air Force was • Medal of Military Merit 1st Class multilateral and extensive training pro- involved? • Air Force Formation Command grams have been established between Hellenic Air Force is socially responsi- Medal 3rd Class HAF and foreign armed forces. ble and sensitive when such cases occur. • Air Force Meritorious Command Through bilateral agreements, we are We are always ready to provide support Medal 1st Class capable to provide training to foreign ca- during emergency situations or humani- • Staff Officer Service Commenda- dets who qualify for our Air Force Acad- tarian crises around the world, either tion Medal 1st Class. emy or other training programs. We have nationally or under a UN mandate. Our already established such agreements with response to such situations is immediate, countries from the MENA region and and despite the scarce resources and the their officers have participated in courses ongoing budget limitations, we have ex- such as the Water Survival Course. In the ecuted more than 80 humanitarian mis-

32 | Jan 2014 | Issue 504 | The cooperation between our countries is excellent, as a result of our traditionally warm relationships sions during the last 10 years, from S.E. ticipants, around the globe, to communi- How do you evaluate the cooperation Asia, Middle East, Eastern Europe and cate and ensure the connectivity between between UAE and Greece? Do you Balkans to Africa (For instance, in Af- new concepts, technological innovation have any plans to increase the coop- ghanistan (2002), Thailand and Sri Lanka and market requirements. IDEX Organ- eration? (tsunami 2005), Pakistan, Russia, Leba- izers offer services of great value to the The cooperation between our countries non (2006), Uganda (2007), Armenia, international defence community. Fur- is excellent, as a result of our tradition- Georgia (2008), Libya (2011). thermore, IDEX offers the opportunity to ally warm relationships. Furthermore, I witness the remarkable achievements of am confident that our bilateral military Last year Greece withdrew its troops the UAE aerospace industry, its capabil- cooperation can be expanded beyond from Afghanistan. To what extent was ity portfolio and its growth potential, as a the individual training area, including of your air force involved in the opera- result of strong industrial Leadership and flight training or perhaps combat train- tions there? defence market responsiveness. ing exercises. These possible areas of Last year, it was only Hellenic Army cooperation are currently examined by forces that withdrew from Afghanistan. Dubai Air Show has been a premier HAF. However, Hellenic Air Force continues event in the aviation and defense sec- to participate in the ongoing ISAF mis- tor. How do you evaluate this year’s How do you evaluate the humanitar- sion. Apart from that, taking over the edition as the show was moved to big- ian efforts of UAE Air force world- Command of Kabul International Air- ger and better venue? wide? port (KAIA) twice, in 2005 and 2010, The International Exhibition in Dubai Thank you very much for this question. HAF has been participating since 2011 has managed to give a different note in You give me the opportunity to express with Mentor teams who provide training aviation world. It has become a globally my appreciation to the staff of the UAE to Afghan Air Force. With their exper- renowned show, with privileged exhibi- Air Force. It is of great importance, the tise and high level of proficiency, they tors from various defense industrial seg- assistance which UAE provide worldwide contribute mainly in the areas of main- ments. Despite Dubai Airshow’s focus on wherever and whenever required in al- tenance and procedures, for the Afghan trade and airliners, in recent years, many most every humanitarian assistance. This Air Force Transport Aircraft. military and aerospace companies en- assistance offers valuable hope to people gage in this Air show. This year’s edition who suffer due to war and natural dis- What are your impressions about the is expected to be the largest in history asters. Special mention should be given IDEX defense expo in Abu Dhabi? and it is a significant advantage that it to the continuous assistance provided on The International Defense Exhibition and has moved to a more suitable venue. The Palestinian people, to Libya, Afghanistan, Conference (IDEX) is of great impor- Dubai World Center has the appropriate Pakistan and Yemen. Such social ini- tance, not only within the MENA region resources to support the success of Dubai tiatives shall complement the Air Force but globally. It is a unique opportunity for Airshow’s mission. Mission during peacetime• defense stakeholders and supporting par-

| Issue 504 | Jan 2014 | 33 Researches Information Superiority for Maritime Domain Awareness: the rise of Maritime C4I Systems Thales, a key player in Naval Communications and Maritime Information Services

With maritime exchanges dominating world trade, sea lanes have become a ballet of increasingly regulated and monitored traffic. The Gulf area, with its busy coastline of har- bors, desalinating plants and oil & gas terminals, is no exception and im- poses a critical infrastructure matrix of defined boundaries and approach channels. For nations in this region, navigation freedom, sea lane protection, safety and security, and the control of coastal and Exclusive Economic Zones present key strategic challenges.

34 | Jan 2014 | Issue 504 | Information Superiority for Maritime Domain Awareness: the rise of Maritime C4I Systems Thales, a key player in Naval Communications and Maritime Information Services The generally accepted definition for the control of this complex environment is Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA). The term encompasses all aspects of maritime interests pertaining to the safety, economy, environment, and security of a nation. The goal of full MDA though is complicated by the sheer num- bers of actors involved, with organization, chains of command and authority not naturally shared between the various maritime stakeholders. This is why MDA revolves around the notion of information superiority, Thales provided Integrated Communication Systems fitted on BPC Mistral board like which should include basic exchanges of PARTNER Communication management system information about maritime presence, as well as tailored situational awareness Aquilon, the Naval Communica- submarines to surface ships, from patrol earmarked for critical decision-makers. tion System by Thales: fully inte- boat to aircraft carrier) and is suitable Command of the sea is now fueled by grated inside, fully interoperable for new build, refit and upgrade pro- information and communications tech- and interconnected outside grammes. nologies which have a deep impact on Networked communications are a first IP open architecture software: Aq- sovereignty, authority and responsibility. integration step between ship subsys- uilon is based upon an open, modular, Classical Command & Control func- tems. They also provide a framework for distributed and secure IP architecture tions exerted by naval or coastal secu- fleet-wide and ship-to-shore exchanges. using COTS and MOTS that is fully rity forces have now evolved into the Today, the growing convergence of mul- adapted to new naval operational envi- broader Cooperation and Collaboration tiple communications over IP facilitates ronments. to define maritime C2. the exchange of data, imagery and voice. Advanced operational security and The Thales Aquilon solution is one such safety: Security (access control, security The maritime C4I concept: net- example of the integration and deploy- filters, red/black separation, emission working navies and maritime ac- ment of multiple communications over control…), survivability, reliability and tors to boost operations IP. interoperability are key features of Aq- Naval actors rely increasingly on the Aquilon provides “IP at sea” capabili- uilon (EAL4 CC certified). powerful integration of Computerized ties to any type of ship, and offers voice Life Cycle-Cost: Typically, one opera- Command, Control, Communications and data, internal and external commu- tor is sufficient to operate, control, and and Intelligence, or C4I, as a force mul- nications and services. This system ena- maintain Aquilon. Thanks to its civil- tiplier. Although C4I sits on platforms bles platforms to participate in Network ian IP communications architecture, (deployed ships and aircraft or coastal Centric Operations (NCO), taking into Aquilon enables cost effective upgrade surveillance stations), themselves fitted account all platform particularities, and solutions. with sensors and/or weapon systems, it embeds Naval Force Intranet capability. Centralized Management (PART- goes beyond hardware to provide a vast Family of systems (standard or ex- NER): PARTNER, the Centralised array of core and functional information tended): Due to its generic design, Aq- Communications Management System, services. uilon is scalable and already deployed is the core element of the Aquilon ar- on all types of naval platforms (from chitecture. It manages all the onboard

| Issue 504 | Jan 2014 | 35 Researches

Thales group has delivered Comm@nder Maritime to the French Navy, Canadian Navy and Coast Guards

Comm@nder solution communications assets and provides tion about boundaries, sea conditions, supports the dissemination of sensor high level services such as COMPLAN track management and weather impacts. information for command purposes. and SHIPPLAN through a user friendly For smaller ships, these services can take Standardized tactical symbology is used MMI minimising manpower and opera- the form of a dedicated layer on the map as an object, with properties that point tional cost. received from central command. In be- to sensor data (radar tracks, imagery or Naval Network Enabling Capabili- tween environmental information and video with associated metadata), route ties: Aquilon enables platforms to par- core mission services lies a broad array or logistics information. Exploitation of ticipate in Network Centric Operations of open information services that are in- surveillance and intelligence can thus and embeds Naval Force Intranet capa- creasingly useful to the maritime deci- be performed by dedicated shore teams, bility. sion maker. and shared as a tactical layer to enhance Aquilon is already in service in many ship situational awareness. countries including France, the United Maritime Information Services All ships can benefit from C4I core Kingdom, Germany, Saudi Arabia, and Combat Management Systems (CMS) services which bring together mes- Russia. This list of countries illustrates are a classic example of integrated in- saging, chat, web portals, e-document the successful integration of legacy radi- formation systems, as they increasingly management, tactical editors and map os in Aquilon and their management by consume non-realtime, non-combat re- display, and which leverage information the communication management system lated information. Nonetheless, a CMS, fused and formatted elsewhere on the Partner. as a real-time platform-centric mission network. At a minimum, information is Coherent naval communications system, is not suited to command and shown for maritime situational aware- architecture, with a unified informa- mission preparation. Command infor- ness purposes as tactical layers on a map. tion and communications system, sup- mation systems such as C4I complete the At best, it complements the maritime ports maritime information superiority CMS on new generation command ships C4I core services, with dedicated func- through core information services. New and frigates, enabling more efficient net- tional services being deployed according state-of-the-art C4I solutions offer cen- work-centric operations. Moreover, on to the ship’s mission and capabilities. tralized access and decentralized exploi- lighter or auxiliary ships without CMS, Maritime Operations Centers (MOC) tation of geospatial information, merging on-board light C4I offers a valuable en- ashore are the best candidate to leverage Geography, Hydrography, Oceanogra- hancement of their capabilities, enabling the power of integrated maritime C4I as phy and Meteorology (GHOM). De- the sharing of local situations between they offer information processing and cision makers today not only look at ships and with shore command. reliable storing, and dedicated cells that maps, but enjoy dedicated geospatial The growing use of tactical pictures are available without power, bandwidth services that interrogate map informa- to display situational information also or space constraints. Such a state-of-

36 | Jan 2014 | Issue 504 | PARTNER - The Centralized Communications Management system

Aquilon - Naval Communication System the-art solution includes C4I box built ture systems. The platform will automate around a private secured cloud. This vir- SIC21, is an information exchanges, and manage net- tualized environment enables both quick working of all operational information and efficient deployment of pre-config- ambitious system applications used by the Navy, ured systems and the integration of new ensuring the coherence and peren- functional services, for instance a legacy program launched nial supportability of the infrastructure logistics application or an ERP. by the French throughout the program. The MOC assets can combine with Today, as both NATO and the Gulf on-board capabilities to form a two- Ministry of Cooperation Council (GCC) ready way flow of mission-critical information themselves for new generation mari- enhancing both individual ship under- Defense for the time information superiority systems to standing and the “big picture” of Net- boost their command & control capa- work Centric Operations (NCO) at sea. French Navy bilities, most components of Maritime Integrated Maritime C4I already in Domain Awareness (MDA) are already service Few countries currently enjoy ships, 7 portable systems, and 7 MOC). at reach. Unified communications over this level of integrated Maritime C4I. As SIC21, an ambitious program IP, standardized information systems, a pioneer in the field of C4I integration, launched by the French Ministry of De- service-oriented architectures, and dedi- the Thales group has delivered Comm@ fense for the French Navy, will enable cated functional/mission-critical servic- nder Maritime to the French Navy (the any military entity to operate within na- es can be combined and shared between SIC21 programme which is onboard 90 tional or coalition networks, regardless shore and ships to deliver full MDA and ships and 30 MOC), and to the Cana- of the force organization or command streamlined naval operations• dian Navy and Coast Guards (the Inter- structure. SIC21 will provide the French departmental Maritime Integrated C3 Navy with a common technical platform Ref / photo: www. thalesgroup.com IMIC3 programme which is onboard 56 connecting French Navy legacy and fu-

| Issue 504 | Jan 2014 | 37 Techniques ‏Al-Tariq‏System

Al-Tariq provides Tawazun Dynamics is the Middle Constant innovation and enterprise East’s first facility for the develop- transformed Tawazun Dynamics into the user with all- ment, manufacture, assembly and in- a self-sustaining, fully-operational tegration of precision-guided systems unit across the spectrum. weather day or for conventional air munitions. The The flagship product on Tawazun company is a joint venture between Dynamics’ assembly line is Al-Tariq night operational Tawazun and Denel Dynamics, South guided bomb kit. capabilities Africa’s largest government-owned Al-Tariq is a family of strap-on defense manufacturer. bomb kit systems, used on MK81, utilizing PS/INS Since its inception, Tawazun Dy- MK82 and MK83 bombs. Al-Tariq namics has expanded its core compe- provides the user with all-weather, guidance tencies to be able to design, develop, day or night operational capabilities, create, assemble, sub-assemble and utilizing PS/INS guidance. Improved manufacture products through col- targeting accuracy can be achieved by laboration with local suppliers, mas- using an Imaging Infrared (IIR) with tering of industrial expertise as well as full Automatic Recognition capability, deployment of the latest technologies. or a Semi-active Laser (SAL) seeker.

38 | Jan 2014 | Issue 504 | The‏flagship‏product‏on‏‏ the‏assembly‏line‏of‏ Tawazun‏‏Dynamics ‏

The system can also be fitted with an ture for a variety of uses RF proximity fuze for area targeting, using a pre-fragmented warhead. Al Typical missions and targets Tariq kit is a guidance that can be af- •Offensive counter-air, e.g. hard- fixed to the MK81 and MK82 con- ened aircraft shelters, runway crater- ventional bmbs that particularly serve ing, runway denial, aircraft on tarmac armed forces. •Battlefield interdiction, e.g. air defense units, surface-to-air missile SYSTEM FEATURES launcher, supply columns (trucks) •Autonomous target acquisition with •Deep battlefield interdiction, e.g. long stand-off range buildings, bridges and refineries, in- •Wing kit or motors may be added to dustrial areas increase stand-off range and low-level •Close air support, e.g. troops, artil- (straight and level) launch capability. lery. •Programmable attack angle up o to 90 (straight from above) • Can retain the same external struc-

| Issue 504 | Jan 2014 | 39 T Techniques echniques BRIDGING THE GAPS Leguan state-of-the-art system boasts wide range of applications

40 | Jan 2014 | Issue 504 | KMW created the LEGUAN tank- launched assault bridge system for the Norwegian, Greek, Belgian, Chilean, Highest Turkish and Finnish armed forces on maneuverability the basis of the LEOPARD 1 or LEOP- ARD 2. Its high modularity addition- in shallow ally allows for the system to be fitted onto other new or used tank chassis – as waters shown, for example, by its deployment on the chassis of the Polish T91, the US mum weight momentarily at MLC70) M1 “WOLVERINE“ and the M47/M60. but is also capable of carrying future, The LEGUAN bridge-laying tank can heavier systems as well as oversized and configure one 26 meter or two 14 me- overweight equipment of allied armed ter bridges with a load rating of class forces. MLC 80. (exceptional load rating class Based on the chassis frame of the up to MLC 110). The fully automatic LEOPARD 2 the system was continu- laying system enables bridges to be con- ously adapted so as to be deployed glob- structed in approximately five minutes. ally and according to the requirements The tactical advantage of the system is of missions abroad. Therefore, for the to be found in its horizontal laying tech- first time in its history, the system can nique which preserves the low silhouette lay and load bridges whilst protected by on missions. The operation is automated armor/tanks. The entire protection prof- and performed by the driver via a system its from a pressure-proof partition wall menu, but can also be performed inde- with a hatch, separating the space for the pendently by the commander. crew (commander and driver seats) from The LEGUAN system is already in the hydraulics and technical compart- action with 14 different armies. The -in ment. The innovative protection concept teroperability of all deployed bridges is was developed on the basis of research guaranteed. results, especially for this vehicle family. Development Technique The bridge laying system LEGUAN is The LEGUAN bridge layer can configure the consequent and continued develop- one bridge of 26 meters length or two of ment of the armored bridge layer BIB- 14 meters length. The width of the obsta- ER. Mounted on the chassis frame of cles to be overcome can be up to 24 or 12 the LEOPARD 1 the BIBER has been in meters correspondingly. service with the German Army since the In order to overcome larger obstacles 1970s. Since the upgrading and retrofit- so called “overlapping track layings” are ting of the LEOPARD 2 A4 to become possible: the LEOPARD 2 A5 in the early 90s, •with two 26 meter bridges for obstacles the load carrying capacity of the BIBER- with a maximum width of 40 meters, bridges is not large enough anymore for •with one 26 meter bridge and one 14 the modern systems. The LEGUAN sys- meter bridge for obstacles with a maxi- tem by Krauss-Maffei Wegmann, whose mum width of 32 meters, bridges can easily be used by vehicles of •with two 14 meter bridges for obstacles the MLC80 class, not only offers suffi- with a maximum width of 20 meters. cient load capacities for the vehicles in The laying system has been designed service with the German Army (maxi- in such a way that, when changing from

| Issue 504 | Jan 2014 | 41 Techniques

Weight: MLC 70 Engine performance: 1,100 kW (1,496 hp)

Armament: 7.62 mm machine gun Maximum speed: 65 km/h Cruising range: up to 400 km Width: 4 m Length: 15 m

Height: 4 m

a 26 to 14 meter bridge, no retrofitting is Technology Chilean and Greek Armed Forces necessary. The laying process requires no The sophisticated technology of the •Leopard 2 for the Finnish Armed Forces further adaptations to the vehicle. LEOPARD 2 chassis allows for the op- •M60/M47 for the Spanish Armed Forces The automatic laying and loading sys- eration, even under difficult bank and •PT91/T72 for the Malaysian Armed tem can lay a bridge horizontally in ap- slope conditions: Forces proximately 5 minutes (14 meter bridge) •Longitudinal tilt of the carrier vehicle: The following wheeled vehicles have and 6 minutes (26 meter bridge) by a sin- ± 10 %, been fitted with the LEGUAN bridge gle person. The low silhouette of the ve- •Transverse tilt of the carrier vehicle: ± system: hicle remains preserved during this pro- 5 %, • MAN 8x8, amongst others for the cedure. The loading of the bridge takes 8 •Slope difference of the bank: ± 5 %, Norwegian, Dutch and Singaporean minutes with the 26 meter bridge and only •Longitudinal tilt of the bridge: +/- 10 %, Armed Forces 7 with the 14 meter bridge. The system is •Level difference of the bridge and lay- •SISU 10x10 for the Finnish Armed capable of laying bridges at day and night, ing vehicle: 0,2 m Forces thanks to a distance measuring instru- ment, a thermal imaging device as well Internationally operated bridge Disaster Relief Operation as a CCD camera. The operation of the system Due to its flexibility and modular versa- system by one soldier alone, even with the The LEGUAN system can be adapted tility, the LEGUAN is not only capable hatch closed, is ensured by clearly laid out onto other new or used tank chassis of military deployment but also ideal for operating elements and a graphical user frames. the short-term reestablishment of civil interface. An integrated program for a The following tracked vehicles have been transport infrastructure. For this pur- self-test guarantees the high reliability. In fitted with the LEGUAN bridge system: pose a special modification kit available, addition, the LEGUAN comes equipped •M1A1/A2 ‚Wolverine‘ Heavy Assault consisting of the following elements: with an emergency system for the laying Bridge (HAB) for the US Armed Forces •lateral railing equipment and loading of the bridges. •Leopard 1 for the Norwegian, Belgian, •central covering panels MLC 12

42 | Jan 2014 | Issue 504 | system: several ferries can simply be coupled together, allowing a continuous transit of vehicles. The LEGUAN bridge system by Krauss-Maffei Wegman is characterized by a broad scope of capabilities. In combination with the available kits the system can also be deployed as a floating bridge or ferry, besides the use as the regular 26 or 14 meter bridge. The bridge laying system LEGUAN is already in deployment with numerous armed forces and NATO allies, match- ing the military requirements as well as being interoperationally deployable. Within the scope of quick reaction missions of the German Army, the overcoming of rivers and obstacles is also an important aspect, making the deployment of these combat support LEGUAN is not only capable of military deployment but also ideal for the short-term systems an absolute necessity. re-establishment of civil transport infrastructure The bridge laying system LEGUAN has been in experimental use on the In addition, the bridge can be chassis frame of the LEOPARD 2 since equipped with a measuring device, ca- System protected 2009 with the Bundeswehr. With 1 800 pable of detecting capacity overloads, hours of test drives and 500 configura- therefore allowing for reliable conclu- as it lays, loads tions of bridges, the test results of the sions about the remaining service life. technical centers 41 and 51 of the Bun- bridges deswehr have been very promising. Relevant equipment for mis- A test of the system by the Technical sions abroad University of Aachen in respect to the Essential requirements of armed forc- logistical mission readiness turned out es employed on missions abroad and positive, showing no substantial defi- their specific needs were taken into As floating bridge and ferry cits, thereby proving the high mission consideration and have already been Using additional pontoons and hy- readiness of the system. Hence, the integrated into the system of the LE- draulically operated ramps, the LE- system is considered ready to be put in GUAN Leopard 2. Apart from the GUAN bridge can also be used for the service. mission-specific armor, the system building of ferries. The tank-launched The system is currently in serial pro- therefore also has a cooling system and assault bridge slides the unassembled duction by KMW, thereby providing an appliance for the loading of a mod- bridge over the pontoons, to which the opportunity for a cost-efficient -in ern BMS-system. Central covering the bridge is then fastened. The inte- troduction of the system. It is now up panels, railings and a device to meas- grated water jet drives also provide for to the Bundeswehr to deliver the sys- ure the load are also available as ret- the highest maneuverability in shallow tem to the armed forces without delay, rofit-kits, extending the capability pro- waters. Further, the ferry can be driven taking into consideration the current file of the bridges so that they can be over hydraulically adjustable ramps, mission scenarios and the correspond- used for the reestablishment of supply which are attached at the ends of the ing demand• routes or for use by civilian vehicles. bridge. Even floating bridges can be mounted quickly with the LEGUAN

| Issue 504 | Jan 2014 | 43