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P36-40 Layout 1 Neighborhoods: African-American history and more in Harlem THURSDAY, JULY 30, 2015 39 Indian tribal dancers dressed in costume pose as they prepare to perform a traditional ‘tiger dance’ on the occasion of International Tiger Day in Kolkata yesterday. International Tiger Day which came into being at the Saint Petersburg Tiger Summit in 2010, is held annually on July 29, to give worldwide attention to the reservation of tigers and it is both an awareness day as a celebration. — AFP Hermes to probe, punish ‘cruelty’ to crocs used for handbags ermes said yesterday it was probing claims able to feel pain,” PETA said. “The investigator saw The bag has since become a celebrities’ of cruelty at crocodile and alligator farms alligators continuing to move their legs and tails favorite, beloved of Victoria Beckham, Kim Hthat supply the French fashion house with in the bleed rack and in bloody ice bins several Kardashian and characters in the popular “Sex skins for its luxury handbags and accessories. minutes after their attempted slaughter,” it added. and the City” television series, among others. The British singer Jane Birkin on Tuesday asked Hermes said it was investigating the farm in crocodile version, which costs at least 33,000 Hermes to remove her name from the iconic croc- Texas. “Any proven negligence will be corrected euros ($36,000), is one of Hermes’s best-known odile skin Birkin bag after rights group PETA pub- and punished,” Hermes said, highlighting that it products, along with its silk scarves and purses lished an expose on “cruel” treatment of the ani- does not own the farm and that the alligator skins named after Grace Kelly. The handbag, which also mals at farms in Texas and Zimbabwe. “Hermes are not used to make the Birkin bag. The manu- comes in cow, calf or ostrich leather, is made respects and shares her emotion and was also facturer added that it imposed the “highest stan- entirely by hand in France. Each bag takes 18 to shocked by the recently published images,” the dards in the ethical treatment of crocodiles” on its 25 hours to complete. — AFP company said in a statement. partners. Hermes also said Birkin’s request did not PETA filmed disturbing images of crocodiles in affect “the friendship and trust” between her and Zimbabwe and alligators in Texas-whose skin is the house. The bag was designed for Birkin in An employee holding a 129,000 used to make watch-straps-in which they live 1984, after a chance meeting of the singer and USD crocodile-skin Hermes crammed into barren concrete pits before being the then president of Hermes, Jean-Louis Dumas. ‘Birkin’ bag for the press to see, “cruelly hacked” to death. “At just one year old, A young mother at the time, she complained she during a private opening for the alligators are shot with a captive-bolt gun or could not find a bag that was both elegant and new Hermes store on Wall crudely cut into while they’re still conscious and practical. Street. — AFP photos Clues in the ruins where Britain’s empire was born rchaeologists said Tuesday they have identified imported elite at the ultimately ill-fated settlement Beside them were Sir Ferdinando Wainman, thought the remains of four men who were among the south of Washington, the current US capital city. to be the first of England’s elite to be buried in the Aleaders of an early English settlement in And their lives coincided with a crucial time for the Americas, and Captain William West. Virginia’s Jamestown. It took years for scientists to settlement which was near failure due to disease, West was killed in a battle with the local Powhatan identify the poorly preserved bones belonging to an hunger and war. “With the discovery of four burials in indigenous tribe. About a third of their remains had Anglican priest and three military officials. They were the chancel of the church, we looked forward to the not decomposed, the scientists said, adding that their found in what is believed to be the oldest Protestant challenge of identifying these individuals by name,” burial near the church choir indicated their high church in the modern-day United States. The 1608 said Smithsonian forensic anthropologist Douglas social status. “Going to a colony in the new world for church was the location of tobacco grower John Owsley. “The skeletons of these men help fill in the any European was a very risky business, very danger- Rolfe’s marriage to Pocahontas, a daughter of the local stories of their lives and contribute to existing knowl- ous,” Horn said. “Starvation, Indian attacks and disease indigenous chief who was made famous by a Disney edge about the early years at Jamestown.” were the three major killers for these men. And this is epic. not unusual that none of them would go beyond Humid and low-lying Jamestown is where Britain’s Painstaking ID process forty.” Archaeologists also said they had found a small world-changing empire began. “It’s a major discovery. A combination of archaeology, skeletal analyses, silver box atop Archer’s coffin. CT scans of the sealed These are the earliest English leaders to be discovered chemical testing, 3-D technology and genealogical box revealed that it is likely a Catholic reliquary with in America,” Jamestown Rediscovery director Jim Horn research combined to make identification a real possi- pieces of bone and holy water inside. Despite told AFP. At a briefing, he told reporters: “After being bility. In this case, it was success times four. Only about colonists’ efforts to convert locals to Anglicanism, lost to history for more than 400 years, their discovery 30 percent of each skeleton had been recovered. they said this discovery made it appear that at least reveals new clues about life, death and the impor- Reverend Robert Hunt, the colony’s first Anglican one of the colonists kept his Catholic faith, perhaps tance of religion in one of England’s most critical set- priest, and Captain Gabriel Archer, were part of the secretly. — AFP The bones of four of the early leaders of Virginias’ Jamestown settlement are displayed at tlements.” The people whose remains were found first settlement campaign in 1607. It was led by the Smithsonian Institute in Washington, DC. — AFP photos ranged in age from 24-39. They were part of the Captain John Smith, who was helped by Pocahontas. The bones of four of the early leaders of Virginias’ Jamestown settlement are Bones, from one of four of the early leaders of Virginias’ Jamestown settle- A skull from one of the early leaders of Virginias’ Jamestown settlement is dis- displayed at an archeological dig in Jamestown, Virginia. ment, are seen near a silver box believed to be a Catholic reliquary resting on played. top of Capt Gabriel Archer’s coffin..
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  • Bones of "Four of the First Leaders of America" Found at Jamestown Site by Associated Press, Adapted by Newsela Staff, 08.05.15
    6th Grade Social Studies Archaeologists A Name ________________________________________ Date ________________ Bones of "four of the first leaders of America" found at Jamestown site By Associated Press, adapted by Newsela staff, 08.05.15 Crosses mark where the remains were found of four of the earliest leaders of Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in America. They were buried for more than 400 years near the altar of what was America's first Protestant church, in Jamestown, Virginia. Photo: Joe Fudge/The Daily Press via AP WASHINGTON — Archaeologists have found the skeletons of four of the earliest leaders of North America's first permanent English colony. They were buried more than 400 years ago in America's first Protestant church in Jamestown, Virginia. The four graves were uncovered in the dirt floor of what was Jamestown's church in 1608. A team of scientists and historians announced the discovery July 28. The church is where Pocahontas, the daughter of a Native American chief, married Englishman John Rolfe. Their marriage led to peace between the Powhatan Indians and colonists at Jamestown, England's first successful settlement in America. Archaeologists also found artifacts buried with the colonial leaders. One of them was a mysterious Catholic container for relics. These small containers usually hold bones belonging to saints and are considered holy by Catholics. Copyright 2015 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. AP material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed. 6th Grade Social Studies Archaeologists A "Earliest English Church In America" The Jamestown Rediscovery archaeology team revealed its discovery at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C.
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  • The History of the Jamestown Colony: Seventeenth-Century and Modern Interpretations
    The History of the Jamestown Colony: Seventeenth-Century and Modern Interpretations A Senior Honors Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for graduation with research distinction in History in the undergraduate colleges of the Ohio State University By Sarah McBee The Ohio State University at Mansfield June 2009 Project Advisor: Professor Heather Tanner, Department of History Introduction Reevaluating Jamestown On an unexceptional day in December about four hundred years ago, three small ships embarked from an English dock and began the long and treacherous voyage across the Atlantic. The passengers on board envisioned their goals – wealth and discovery, glory and destiny. The promise of a new life hung tantalizingly ahead of them. When they arrived in their new world in May of the next year, they did not know that they were to begin the journey of a nation that would eventually become the United States of America. This summary sounds almost ridiculously idealistic – dream-driven achievers setting out to start over and build for themselves a better world. To the average American citizen, this story appears to be the classic description of the Pilgrims coming to the new world in 1620 seeking religious freedom. But what would the same average American citizen say to the fact that this deceptively idealistic story actually took place almost fourteen years earlier at Jamestown, Virginia? The unfortunate truth is that most people do not know the story of the Jamestown colony, established in 1607.1 Even when people have heard of Jamestown, often it is with a negative connotation. Common knowledge marginally recognizes Jamestown as the colony that predates the Separatists in New England by more than a dozen years, and as the first permanent English settlement in America.
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  • A Jamestown Timeline
    A Jamestown Timeline Christopher Columbus never reached the shores of the North American Continent, but European explorers learned three things from him: there was someplace to go, there was a way to get there, and most importantly, there was a way to get back. Thus began the European exploration of what they referred to as the “New World”. The following timeline details important events in the establishment of the fi rst permanent English settlement in America – Jamestown, Virginia. PRELIMINARY EVENTS 1570s Spanish Jesuits set up an Indian mission on the York River in Virginia. They were killed by the Indians, and the mission was abandoned. Wahunsonacock (Chief Powhatan) inherited a chiefdom of six tribes on the upper James and middle York Rivers. By 1607, he had conquered about 25 other tribes. 1585-1590 Three separate voyages sent English settlers to Roanoke, Virginia (now North Carolina). On the last voyage, John White could not locate the “lost” settlers. 1602 Captain Bartholomew Gosnold explored New England, naming some areas near and including Martha’s Vineyard. 1603 Queen Elizabeth I died; James VI of Scotland became James I of England. EARLY SETTLEMENT YEARS 1606, April James I of England granted a charter to the Virginia Company to establish colonies in Virginia. The charter named two branches of the Company, the Virginia Company of London and the Virginia Company of Plymouth. 1606, December 20 Three ships – Susan Constant, Godspeed, and Discovery – left London with 105 men and boys to establish a colony in Virginia between 34 and 41 degrees latitude. 1607, April 26 The three ships sighted the land of Virginia, landed at Cape Henry (present day Virginia Beach) and were attacked by Indians.
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  • The Contribution of Ralph Hamor's True Discourse to the Establishment of the English Colony in America
    W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1992 Selling America in the Seventeenth Century: The Contribution of Ralph Hamor's True Discourse to the Establishment of the English Colony in America Sibley Judson Smith College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Smith, Sibley Judson, "Selling America in the Seventeenth Century: The Contribution of Ralph Hamor's True Discourse to the Establishment of the English Colony in America" (1992). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539625711. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-9acf-4z41 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SELLING AMERICA IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY: THE CONTRIBUTION OF RALPH HAMOR'S TRUE DISCOURSE THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ENGLISH COLONY IN VIRGINIA A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the American Studies Program The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Sibley Judson Smith, Jr. November 1992 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts thor Approved, November 1992 Thad W. Tate Robert Gross Cary Cars>6h Vice-President, Research Colonial Williamsburg Foundation DEDICATION This is dedicated to the memory of my father, "S.J.” Smith, S.K.C., U.S.N., Ret., my first American Hero, who introduced me to the world of adventure in the history of our country.
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  • The Life of John Smith
    THE LIFE OF JOHN SMITH No one is descended from Captain John Smith, the brassy leader of early Jamestown. Many would like to claim descent, but the truth is that, according to documents, Smith never married or fathered any children. However, Smith did claim to have “children”—England’s New World colonies. He wrote, “I may call [the colonies] my children for they have bin my wife, my hawks, my hounds, my cards, my dice and in total my best content.” Smith wanted the colonies to succeed for England, but also because he had invested so much of himself in them. Smith was qualified for leadership in a new settlement. He was born a yeoman with a yearn- ing for adventure. His early travels took him to Europe where he and other Englishmen fought with the Dutch against the Spanish. Back in England, he studied the art of warfare. Then, late in 1600 he decided to join the Austrian forces fighting against the “infidel” Turks in Hungary and Transylvania. He beheaded three Turkish officers, but then was captured and sold as a slave. He escaped and trav- eled through Russia, Poland, and Morocco before returning to England in 1604-05. When the Virginia Company recruited settlers in 1606, Smith volunteered. He was the youngest among those chosen to lead the new colony, but also was the most traveled and most experienced in the practical training rel- evant to leading a colony in the wilds of North America. But events on the voyage to Virginia changed circumstances among the soon-to-be settlers.
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  • T.Oan CPPY Orgy
    ~ ~ CAPE COD NATIONAL SEASHORE RAPID ETHNOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT REPORT Madeleine Hall-Arber and Christine James t.oANCPPY Orgy ~ ~ ~ ~ CAPE COD NATIONAL SEASHORE RAPID ETHNOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT REPORT Madeleine Hall-Arber and Christine James [QAN %ppy pygmy MITSG 966 NOAA Grant No: NA90AA-D-SG424 Project No: 92-A-3 CAPE COD NATIONAL SEASHORE RAPID KTHNOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT RKPORT Cooperative Agreement 0 CA1600-4-9009 Principal Investigator: Madeleine Hall-Arber, PhD Research Associate: Christine James, MA MIT SKA GRANT COLLEGE PROGRAM Cambridge, MA 02139 Table of Contents ExecutiveSummary ....2 1.0 Introduction ....5 1.1 ResearchMethodology . ....7 1.2 PersonalBackground and Experience . ....11 1.3 Colleague's Background and Experience ll 1.4 Annotated B ibliography ,12 2.0 Native Americans. 12 2.1 Ethnographic Resourceswithin the Park Wampanoag 15 Great Salt Marsh. ....15 Sharpening stone ....15 Great Island ................................................,.. .........,..... ....15 High Head. ..15 Fort Hill ....15 Grave sites .................... ,.......,...................................... ....15 Archaeological digs . ....16 Fresh water springs 16 Ponds 16 Shell middens. .... 16 Stick piles . 17 2.2 Ethnographic ResourcesClose to the Park Wampanoag 18 Corn Hill . ....18 First Encounter Beach 18 2.3 Interpretive Programs Wampanoag . 18 2.4 Recommendations... ....19 2.5 Suggestions for further consideration. 20 3.0 Portugueseand Portuguese-American, 21 3.1 A Note on Equity. ..23 3.2 Ethnographic resources Portuguese and Portuguese American..... .....24 Beaches. 24 Fishing from the beach 25 Harvests . 26 Driftwood Collecting. 26 Hunting. 27 Dune access . 27 Provincelands Visitors Center . .. 28 Wooded Road to Race Point 30 Dune Shacks 30 Pilgrim Lake ...... 31 Helltown at Hatches Harbor . 32 Long Point 32 Highland Light 32 3.3 Interpretive Programs Portuguese and Portuguese-Americans.......
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  • The Drug Trade in Early North America
    W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 2008 The Drug Trade in Early North America Laura Elizabeth Passic College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Passic, Laura Elizabeth, "The Drug Trade in Early North America" (2008). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539626561. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-gmtc-pf47 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE DRUG TRADE IN EARLY NORTH AMERICA Laura Elizabeth Passic Clifton, Virginia Bachelors of Arts, Music, DePaul University, 2006 Thesis Presented to the Graduate Faculty of the College of William and Mary in Candidacy for the Degree of Master of Arts Department of History The College of William and Mary May, 2008 APPROVAL PAGE This Thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Laura Elizabeth Passic Approved by the Co j CdtrTrFuttee Chair Professor James P. Whittenburg, Histe The College of William and Mary es Allegro, History d Mary Associate ProfessQjpChitralekha Zutshi, History, The College of William and Mary ABSTRACT PAGE My thesis was written to explore to what extent the apothecary drug trade played in the inspiration, creation, and success of the Jamestown colony in Virginia.
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  • Basic Lesson Plan • Includes KWL Chart: What I Know
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  • Sacred Presence in the English New World
    Conversations: An Online Journal of the Center for the Study of Material and Visual Cultures of Religion (mavcor.yale.edu) Jamestown’s Relics: Sacred Presence in the English New World Christopher M.B. Allison Fig. 1 Reliquary in situ, sitting above the coffin detritus in the grave identified as that of Captain Gabriel Archer. Image courtesy of Jamestown Rediscovery (Historic Jamestowne). In the harsh winter of 1609-1610, settlers at Jamestown placed a small silver case with a slide opening etched with a single letter ─ M ─ carefully on top of a white oak coffin and then covered it with the hard, cold dirt of the New World. Inside the silver encasing were seven bone fragments and two lead ampulae filled with water, oil, dirt, or blood─relics of an unknown saint or saints that came to rest in Virginia. The settlers placed these on top of a coffin, a box filled with the corpse of a deceased English colonist. When the news broke in 2015 that archaeologists had uncovered a reliquary in James- town, some authors intimated that it would force us to reconsider the history of early America anew.1 Others suggested that the public and those involved in archaeological findings should know better, that the religious diversity among early settlers had long been established in the scholarship.2 Both perspectives have some validity, but the dis- covery demonstrates that our greatest insights and questions can come from the ground. The reliquary’s preeminent value—and why it deserves to be considered as remarkable— is as a material source that raises new questions and helps us imagine new possibilities around the earliest English settlement in North America.
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  • The 1622 Powhatan Uprising and Its Impact on Anglo-Indian Relations
    Illinois State University ISU ReD: Research and eData Theses and Dissertations 3-15-2016 The 1622 Powhatan Uprising and Its Impact on Anglo-Indian Relations Michael Jude Kramer Illinois State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/etd Part of the European History Commons, Indigenous Studies Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Kramer, Michael Jude, "The 1622 Powhatan Uprising and Its Impact on Anglo-Indian Relations" (2016). Theses and Dissertations. 513. https://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/etd/513 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ISU ReD: Research and eData. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ISU ReD: Research and eData. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE 1622 POWHATAN UPRISING AND ITS IMPACT ON ANGLO-INDIAN RELATIONS Michael J. Kramer 112 Pages On March 22, 1622, Native Americans under the Powhatan war-leader Opechancanough launched surprise attacks on English settlements in Virginia. The attacks wiped out between one-quarter and one-third of the colony’s European population and hastened the collapse of the Virginia Company of London, a joint stock company to which England’s King James I had granted the right to establish settlements in the New World. Most significantly, the 1622 Powhatan attacks in Virginia marked a critical turning point in Anglo-Indian relations. Following the famous 1614 marriage of the Native American Pocahontas to Virginia colonist John Rolfe and her conversion to Christianity, English colonists in North America and English policymakers in Europe entertained considerable optimism that other Native Americans could be persuaded to embrace both English culture and the Christian faith.
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  • George Percy, First Months of Jamestown, 1607
    JAMESTOWN: 1607, THE FIRST MONTHS Virginia Historical Society Observations Gathered out of a Discourse of the Plantation of the Southern Colony in Virginia by the English, 1606. Written by that honorable Gentleman, Master George Percy. *London: 1608 Excerpts In December 1606 three ships left England with 144 men and boys to establish a Virginia colony, chartered by King James I and funded by investors in the London Company. One of the thirty-eight noble- men in the expedition was George Percy, who twice served as the colony’s governor. He left Virginia in 1612 to return to England. George Percy 19th-c. portrait by Herbert Luther Smith AP R I L 16 0 7 . The six and twentieth day of April, about four o’clock in the morning, we descried the Land of Virginia. The same day we entered into the Bay of Chesupioc [Chesapeake] directly, without any let or hindrance. There we landed and discovered [explored] a little way, but we could find nothing worth the speaking of, but fair meadows and goodly tall Trees, with such Fresh-waters running through the woods, as I was almost ravished at the first sight thereof. At night, when we were going aboard, there came the Savages creeping upon all fours, from the Hills, like Bears, with their Bows in their mouths, [who] charged us very desperately in the faces, hurt Captain Gabriel Archer in both his hands, and a sailor in two places of the body very dangerous. After they had spent their Arrows, and felt the sharpness of our shot, they retired into the Woods with a great noise, and so left us.
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