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The Ohio & Erie Canal: Catalyst of Economic Development

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DOCUMENT RESUME ED 467 790 SO 033 025 AUTHOR Ayers, Deborah TITLE The Ohio & Erie Canal: Catalyst of Economic Development for Ohio. Teaching with Historic Places. INSTITUTION National Park Service (Dept. of Interior), Washington, DC. National Register of Historic Places. PUB DATE 2001-00-00 NOTE 27p. AVAILABLE FROM Teaching with Historic Places, National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service, 1849 C Street NW, Suite NC400, Washington, DC 20240. Tel: 202-208-6843. For full text: http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/41ohio/ 4lohio. PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Teacher (052) EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Curriculum Enrichment; *Economic Development; Heritage Education; *Historic Sites; Intermediate Grades; Primary Sources; Secondary Education; Social Studies; Student Educational Objectives; *Transportation; *United States History IDENTIFIERS Canals; National Register of Historic Places ABSTRACT In the 19th century, canal boats pulled along by mules carried much cargo. The canal boat was the family business, their livelihood, and their home. In Ohio, these boats glided gracefully along the Ohio and Erie Canal, heavily laden with lumber on its way north to Lake Erie where it was transferred to a lake freighter and sent to Buffalo (New York) and the Erie Canal. This lesson plan is based on the National Register of Historic Places file "Ohio and Erie Canal" and park documents. The lesson can be used in teaching units about transportation or the economic development of the western frontier in the early-to-mid 1800s. It cites educational objectives for students and materials needed. The lesson is divided into eight sections: (1) "About This Lesson"; (2) "Getting Started: Inquiry Questions"; (3) "Setting the Stage: Historical Context";(4) "Locating the Site: Maps" (Canals of Ohio); (5) "Determining the Facts: Readings" (Ohio's Shot in the Arm; Construction and Operation of the Ohio and Erie Canal); (6) "Visual Evidence: Images" (Cross Section of the Ohio and Erie Canal; Parts of a Lock Gate; Peninsula Lock; House at Lock 38,c. 1875; Modern View of House at Lock 38; Workers Repairing the Canal; Wash Day on the Canal; Canal Boat Family); (7) "Putting It All Together: Activities" (Life on the Ohio and Erie Canal; Effects of Transportation on Daily Life; Importance of Transportation Systems); and (8) "Supplementary Resources." (BT) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. The National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places The Ohio & Erie Canal: Catalyst of Economic Development for Ohio Teaching with Historic Places National Register of Historic Places National Park Service 1849 C. Street, N.W., Suite NC400 Washington, D.C. 20240 http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhP/wwwlps/lessons/41 oh io/41 ohio.htm U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Of lice of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) e This document has been reproducedas received from the person or organization 2001 originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. I A Program of the National Park Service's National Register of Historic Places BEST COPY AVAI BILE at" e Final P Se Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) is a program of the National Register of Historic Places. The National Register is maintained by the National Park Service, U.S. Department of Interior, as the nations's official list of cultural resources significant in American history, architecture, archeology, engineering, and culture. TwHP is sponsored, in part, by the Cultural Resources Training Initiative and Parks as Classrooms programs of the National Park Service. This lesson is one in a series that brings the important stories of historic places into classrooms across the country. For more information, contact Teaching with Historic Places, National Register of Historic places, 1849 C Street, NW, Suite NC400, Washington, D.C. 20240, or visit the program's Web site at www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp. 3 The Ohio & Erie Canal: Catalyst of Economic Development for Ohio Low bridge, everybody down! yells the canal boat C, 4 captain. As they clear the 3 ,, ,,te bridge, his wife begins Nc. 'N. 1, hanging her laundry from a Ill P rope tied on posts running .. au between the cargo holds. I :11ili Their smallest child sits tied ,-, _.,--_,..--- -- -- .,1 to the deck, so she will not 1,F '..,...i. _.. rl fall into the water and l'r drown. The oldest son is the w h steersman. He must always _ i ...- v. :, ,- .,,.4, ,..1., mt-E4...;.._e compensate for the -.,, ,_ sideward pull of the mule .:..--,.e- r :impri.....: ------, team that plods along the Cuyahoga Valley National Park edge of the canal tugging on ropes attached to the boat. The mule skinner walks silently with the mules, making sure they do not sit down on the job. This boat is the family business- their livelihood--and their home. Gliding gracefully along the Ohio & Erie Canal, the boat is heavily laden with lumber on its way north to Lake Erie where it will be transferred to a lake freighter and sent to Buffalo and the Erie Canal. As the boat approaches a lock, the mule skinner prepares to unhitch the mules, and the crew grab their pikes, ready to push the boat into the lock. Inside the lock chamber the sluice gate on the downstream gate opens and the water slowly begins to drop eight feet. After "locking through," the crew again hitch the mules and continue on their way. This lesson is based on the Ohio and Erie Canal, one of the thousands of properties listed in the National Register of Historic Places. 14 Table of Contents About This Lesson Getting Started: Inquiry Questions Setting the Stage: Historical Context Locating the Site: Maps 1. Canals of Ohio Determining the Facts: Readings 1. Ohio's Shot in the Arm 2. Construction and Operation of the Ohio & Erie Canal Visual Evidence: Images 1. Cross section of the Ohio & Erie Canal 2. Parts of a lock gate 3. Peninsula lock 4. House at Lock 38, c. 1875 5. Modern view of house at Lock 38 6. Workers repairing the canal 7. Wash day on the canal 8. Canal boat family Putting It All Together: Activities 1. Life on the Ohio & Erie Canal 2. The Effects of Transportation on Daily Life 3. The Importance of Transportation Systems Supplementary Resources About This Lesson The lesson is based on the National Register of Historic Places registration file, "Ohio & Erie Canal," and park documents. The Ohio & Erie Canal was written by Deborah Ayers, former Park Ranger at Cuyahoga Valley National Park. The lesson was edited by Fay Metcalf, education consultant, and the Teaching with Historic Places staff. Where it fits into the curriculum Topics: The lesson could be used in teaching units on transportation or the economic development of the western frontier in the early-to-mid 1800s. Students will practice the skills of observation, analysis, research, and writing. Time period: 19th century. Objectives for students 1) To describe the construction of the Ohio & Erie Canal. 2) To compare the economy of Ohio before and after the completion of the canal system. 3) To identify industries that were made possible by the construction of the Ohio & Erie Canal. 4) To analyze the development of transportation routes in their own community and determine how these routes affected their local economy. Materials for students The materials listed below either can be used directly on the computer or can be printed out, photocopied, and distributed to students. 1) one map of the canal system; 2) two readings about the construction and operation of the canal and its impact on Ohio; 3) two diagrams of a canal cross section and parts of a lock gate; 4) six photos, both historical and modern, of different aspects of the Ohio & Erie Canal. 3 6 Visiting the site The Ohio & Erie Canal extended 308 miles from north to south through the east- central parts of Ohio. One of the longest remaining watered sections of the canal runs through the National Park Service's Cuyahoga Valley National Park. The Canal Visitor Center is located on Canal Road in Valley View, Ohio. Cuyahoga Valley National Park is open daily, dawn to dusk. All visitor centers are closed January 1, Thanksgiving Day, and December 25. For additional information, write the Superintendent, Cyuahoga Valley National Park, 15610 Vaughn Road, Brecksville, OH 44141, or visit the park's web site at http://www.nps.gov/cuva/ 7 4 How to Use the Inquiry Question Begin each lesson by asking students to discuss possible answers to the inquiry question that accompanies the Getting Started image. To facilitate a whole class discussion, you may want to print the page and use it to make an overhead transparency. The purpose of the exercise is to engage students' interest in the lesson's topic by raising questions that can be answered as they complete the lesson. Rather than serving merely as illustrations for the text, images are documents that play an integral role in helping students achieve the lesson's objectives. To assist students in learning how to "read" visual materials, you may want to begin this section by having them complete the Photo Analysis Worksheet for one or more of the photos. The worksheet is appropriate for analyzing both historical and modern photographs and will help students develop a valuable skill. 69 Photo Analysis Worksheet Step 1: Examine the photograph for 10 seconds. How would you describe the photograph? Step 2: Divide the photograph into quadrants and study each section individually. What details--such as people, objects, activities--do you notice? Step 3: What other information--such as time period, location, season, reason photo was taken--can you gather from the photo? Step 4: How would you revise your first description of the photo using the information noted in Steps 2 and 3? Step 5: What questions do you have about the photograph? How might you find answers to these questions? 0 7 Setting the Stage In the 1820s, Ohio was one of the poorest states in the Union.
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