Someone Who Learns About the Past by Finding and Studying the Remains
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Year 10 Autumn term Knowledge Organiser for History—The Norman Conquest 1065-87 Exam skills Was Anglo Saxon England a ‘golden age’? Archaeologist— someone who learns about the past by Anglo-Saxon— group of people who lived in and ruled Eng- finding and studying the remains of objects or buildings land prior to 1066 Conquest— to take control of something Architecture—buildings. Many were made of stone. Consequence— an effect or outcome of an action Beowulf—the first written story in the English language Context—the background information needed to under- Burh—a type of fortified town stand events in history Carving— was a type of craft. People made boxes and jewel- lery out of a variety of materials. Development— how something changes or grows over time Ceorls—majority of people in England, Peasant farmers. Economic— to do with money and finance Corruption— rule breaking within the Church Dunstan— Archbishop of Canterbury who fought corruption Historian— a person who researches the past Earl—a large landowner Interpretation— a version or viewpoint relating to the past Jewellery—examples of detailed craftsmanship and art were famous in Anglo Saxon England Normandy—A region of France King—the leader of the country Norman— a person from Normandy Magic—many people believed in this rather than the teachings Purpose— the reason why something was created of the church Religious— to do with the Church and people’s beliefs Stigand—a corrupt Archbishop Research— finding out about the past from objects or Thegn—a small landowner documents Thrall—a slave Significant— an important event that affected people at Werild –a financial value placed on someone's life the time and still matters today Women— had the right to own land and property. However, Source—a piece of evidence that is from the time many were treated badly and did difficult manual labour. Witan—a council of advisors to the King Year 11 Autumn term Knowledge Organiser for History—The Norman Conquest 1065-87 Was William just a ‘lucky bastard’? Did William control England through ‘brutal slaughter’? Archers—trained men who fired arrows Castles - built around 35 by 1071, by 1087 there were Bayeux Tapestry—an embroided cloth that shows the story of around 500. 1066 presented to William the Conqueror Danes— invaded England again in 1070 in the East. Wil- Castles—a history of constructing these in Normandy liam paid them to leave. Cavalry—soldiers on horseback Durham—rebellious city in the North. Retaken as party of Edgar the Aetheling— Edward the Confessor’s great-nephew the Harrying of the North. and claimant to the throne Edric the Wild—rebel who tried to take over Hereford in Edward the Confessor—Anglo-Saxon King who died in Janu- 1067. William didn’t see him as a threat. ary 1066 Edwin and Morcar— Saxon Earls who initially pledged Feigned retreat—pretending to run away. A trick used by the loyalty to William before leading rebellions in the North Normans at Hastings. Ely—rebellious city taken by the Danes in 1070. Site of Fulford—a battle where the Vikings defeated part of the Saxon Hereward’s rebellion. army. Exeter—a city in the South West that initially refused to Harald Hardrada—Viking King who invaded in 1066 support William, however after a siege surrendered. Harold Godwinson—Saxon Earl who briefly became King in Gytha—Harold Godwinson’s mother who led rebellion in 1066. Killed at Hastings. Exeter. Harvest - Godwinson’s men left the South coast to return home for this. Harrying of the North—the destruction of rebellious are- as Hastings—William defeated Godwinson at this Battle. Hereward the Wake—a Saxon thegn who fought the Nor- Knights—trained Norman soldiers. mans in Ely Papal Banner—a banner given to William by the Pope to indi- cate God’s support. Salt - ploughed into the ground in rebellious North to pre- vent crops growing. Pevensey—site where William constructed his first castle Sons of Harold Godwinson - attempted to reinvade Stamford Bridge—battle where the Saxons defeated the Vi- England. The local population made them leave. kings Year 11 Autumn term Knowledge Organiser for History—The Norman Conquest 1065-87 Were castles military fortresses or status symbols? Was the Norman Conquest just a ‘truckload of trouble for England? Burh geat—a small fortified area owned by a thegn. Usually Alan Rufus - a wealthy landowner who was loyal to Wil- surrounded by a ditch. liam Digging castles—a way of finding out about Norman castles Cathedral—a large religious building. Many were built by Drawbridge—a bridge that could be raised to close off access the Normans e.g in Durham to a castle. Domesday Book— a book containing the findings of a Earthworks—the marks on the landscape left from castle large scale of property undertaken by William building Forest Laws—meant hunting in royal forest was illegal Fortress—a defensive site Language— French became the language of the law. A Landscapes—the surrounding area of a castle divide between Normans and the conquered . Local population - often forced to build castles for the Nor- Manor—an area of land controlled by a Lord mans Markets—the Normans increased taxes and fees on the Moat—a ditch filled with water that surrounded a castle local population at these Motte and Bailey—original design of castle used by the Nor- mans Monastery—a religious site where monks lived. Often books were written here. Palisade—a wooden wall Murdum fine—if a Norman was killed, everyone in the ar- Recent interpretations - argue that castles were initially for ea was fined as a punishment military purposes but then became for status Revisionist interpretations—argued that castles were just to New Lords—Normans were given large sections of land show off as a reward. They displaced Saxon landowners. Ringwork— a simple fortification Parish Churches - many new stone ones were built Settlement—a reason for castle building for a Lord to show his Taxes— the local population suffered huge tax rises to power over the local population pay for soldiers Traditional interpretations - castles were built just for de- Towns— many grew in size as trade with Normandy ex- fence. panded. .